名词性从句复习讲义 高三英语一轮复习

名词性从句复习
注意：
1.在名词性从句中，连接词的选择要根据从句的句意和上下文来确定。

2.当从句是陈述句时，通常使用连接词that（可省略，但在正式文体中建议保留）；当从句是疑问句时，通常使用whether/if（表示选择或疑问）或连接代词/副词（表示具体的疑问内容）。

3.在宾语从句中，当从句是特殊疑问句时，其语序要调整为陈述句语序。

4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释，而定语从句则是对前面名词或代词的修饰和限定。

一、主语从句
定义：在句子中充当主语成分的从句。

引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, which, what, whose, how, when, where等。

使用原则：主语从句通常位于句首，用于描述句子的主要动作或状态的执行者或承受者。

它可以是陈述句、疑问句或祈使句（但祈使句作为主语从句的情况较少见）。

构成：主语从句通常由连接词that（可省略，但当从句中有疑问词或表示否定、强调等意义的词时，通常不省略）或whether/if（表示选择或疑问）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。

例句：
1.What he said made me think deeply.
2.Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.
3.How we can solve the problem is our main concern.
4.That the earth moves around the sun is a well-known fact.
5.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
练习题
1._____ he said at the meeting surprised us all.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Why
2._____ you do, do it with all your heart.
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Wherever
D. However
3.It is _____ he often fails in exams that makes his parents worried.
A. what
B. because
C. that
D. why
4._____ is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.
A. As
B. Which
C. That
D. What
5._____ we should do next is still under discussion.
A. What
B. How
C. Whether
D. When
答案：AAC（强调句结构）AA
二、宾语从句
定义：在句子中充当宾语成分的从句。

引导词：that, whether/if, who, whom, which, what, whose, how, when, where等。

使用原则：宾语从句用于充当及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语，传递动作或状态的对象、内容或结果。

构成：宾语从句可以由连接词that（可省略）、whether/if（表示疑问或选择）、连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）或连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。

例句：
1.I know that he is honest.
2.She asked me whether I had finished my homework.
3.Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest bus stop?
4.He told me what had happened the other day.
5.We are not sure whether they will come or not.
练习题
6.She asked me _____ I would go with her to the concert.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. what
7.Do you know _____ the nearest hospital is?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. why
8.I have no idea _____ he will come to my birthday party.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
9.The teacher explained _____ the solar system was formed.
A. how
B. what
C. that
D. when
10.I don't remember _____ I left my keys at home.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
答案：
A/B（两者均可，但whether更常用于表达两种可能性）
A
B（但注意，if在某些情况下也可接受，但whether更正式）
A
B/D（两者均可，但根据语境，D更合适，表示不记得具体何时）
三、表语从句
定义：在句子中充当表语成分的从句。

引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, which, what, how, when, where, because, as if, as though等。

使用原则：表语从句用于描述主语的特征、性质或状态，通常位于系动词（如be, become, seem, appear等）之后。

构成：表语从句可以由连接词that（通常不省略，以保持句子的正式性）或whether/if（表示疑问或选择，但较少用于表语从句中）引导，也可以由连接代词或连接副词引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。

例句：
1.The problem is that we don't have enough money.
2.What he said is true.
3.The reason why he didn't come is that he was ill.
4.The truth is who stole the money is still unknown.
5.My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow.
练习题
11.The question is _____ we can find enough funding for the project.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. how
12.What he is doing now is _____ he can finish the report before
deadline.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. to make sure
13.The most important thing is _____ we should work together as a
team.
A. that
B. how
C. whether
D. when
14.My concern is _____ the children are safe and happy.
A. that
B. whether
C. if
D. how
15.The real issue is _____ we can afford to buy a new house.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. how
答案：
D
C（注意，D选项不是从句，且语法错误）
A
A
B（但注意，C在某些语境下也可接受，表示一个陈述性的表语从句，但B更强调两种可能性）
四、同位语从句
定义：对前面的抽象名词进行具体说明的从句，通常由that引导，有时也可由whether, if, when, where, why等引导（较少见）。

使用原则：同位语从句用于对前面的名词或代词进行进一步的解释或说明，通常与前面的名词或代词在逻辑上是同位关系。

构成：同位语从句通常由连接词that（不省略）引导，有时也可以由连接代词或连接副词引导（但较少见），后面跟完整的句子结构。

注意，同位语从句的内容
通常是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释。

例句：
1.The news that he won the lottery was exciting.
2.The fact that she is honest is well-known.
3.The idea that we should travel to Europe this summer is exciting.
4.The reason why he didn't come to the party is that he was busy.
5.The belief that hard work leads to success is widely held.
练习题
16.The order _____ all students must wear uniforms is strict in our
school.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
17.The rumor _____ the company is going to lay off staff is spreading
quickly.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. if
18.The information _____ he provided was very useful.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
19.The promise _____ he would help us with the project was kept.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. when
20.The evidence _____ he was guilty was overwhelming.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
答案：AAAAA
完形填空：
When I heard the news _____(1) our team had won the championship, I couldn't help but feel excited. It was _____(2) I had been dreaming of for so long. The coach gave us a speech _____(3) explained how we had achieved this success. He said that it was not just our skills _____(4) made the difference, but also our teamwork and determination.
I remembered the days _____(5) we practiced together, facing challenges and overcoming them.
(1) A. that B. which C. what D. whether
(2) A. that B. what C. which D. how
(3) A. which B. when C. where D. that
(4) A. which B. that C. who D. /
(5) A. when B. where C. why D. that
Once upon a time, there was a little boy named Jack who lived in
a small village. He always asked his mother (1) _____ the stars in the sky were. His mother, who was wise and kind, explained (2) _____ they were distant suns like our own. Jack was fascinated by (3) _____ his mother told him and decided to become an astronomer when he grew up.
As he grew older, Jack studied hard and read many books (4) _____ could teach him about the universe. He learned (5) _____ the planets moved and (6) _____ caused the tides. His teacher was impressed by (7) _____ much Jack knew and encouraged him to pursue his dreams.
One day, Jack found a telescope in his father's attic. He was thrilled and immediately started observing the night sky, trying to find out (8) _____ stars he had seen before were. With time, Jack became an expert in his field and discovered a new planet, which he named "Planet Jack" in honor of (9) _____ had inspired him.
Jack's discovery made him famous, and he was invited to speak at many conferences. He shared his knowledge and passion for astronomy with others, explaining (10) _____ the universe worked and (11) _____ he had been able to make such a groundbreaking discovery. Many people were inspired by his story and decided to follow their own dreams.
One day, Jack received a letter from a young girl (12) _____ asked him how he had become so successful. In his reply, Jack wrote about his childhood curiosity and (13) _____ had driven him to explore the universe. He also mentioned (14) _____ important it was to have a supportive family and teachers who believed in him.
Jack continued to work hard and made many more discoveries throughout his life. He never forgot (15) _____ had started his journey and was always grateful for the opportunities he had been given. In his final years, Jack looked back on his life and felt proud of (16) _____ he had accomplished. He knew that his legacy would live on through the generations and inspire others to look up at the stars and dream big.
选项：
(1) A. where B. what C. how D. why
(2) A. that B. what C. whether D. if
(3) A. what B. that C. which D. how
(4) A. that B. which C. when D. where
(5) A. how B. what C. where D. why
(6) A. that B. what C. how D. who
(7) A. how B. what C. that D. which
(8) A. which B. that C. whose D. what
(9) A. who B. whom C. that D. which
(10) A. how B. what C. why D. where
(11) A. how B. that C. why D. when
(12) A. who B. whom C. that D. which
(13) A. that B. what C. who D. how
(14) A. how B. that C. whether D. what
(15) A. where B. how C. what D. who
(16) A. that B. what C. how D. where
以下是一篇包含15个空白的短文，每个空白处需填入一个适当的名词性从句，以完成句子的意思。

请在给出的选项中选择最合适的答案，或根据上下文自行构造合适的从句填入。

I remember the day (1) ______ I first met my best friend, Lily. It was a sunny afternoon, and I was walking alone in the park. Suddenly, I heard a soft voice (2) ______ sang a beautiful melody. I turned around and saw a girl sitting on a bench, playing the guitar.
I walked over and asked her (3) ______ she was singing. She smiled and said it was her favorite song. We started talking, and soon I found out (4) ______ she was really interested in music and had been playing the guitar for years.
From that day on, we became close friends. We shared everything with each other, including our dreams and fears. Lily always knew (5) ______ to say to make me feel better when I was sad. And I was always there for her, no matter (6) ______ happened.
One day, Lily told me (7) ______ she was planning to move to another city because of her family's job. I was shocked and sad, but I understood that sometimes life takes us to unexpected places.
Before she left, we promised each other (8) ______ we would never forget our friendship. We also agreed (9) ______ we would keep in touch through letters and phone calls.
Even though we are far away from each other now, I still feel (10) ______ she is always with me. Whenever I listen to music, I think of Lily and the days (11) ______ we spent together.
I often wonder (12) ______ she is doing now and if she still plays the guitar. I hope (13) ______ she is happy and following her dreams.
Sometimes, I dream of the day (14) ______ we will meet again. I know that when that day comes, it will be like no time has passed at all.
Our friendship is one of the most precious things (15) ______ I have in my life. I am grateful for every moment we shared.
选项（部分空白可能需要自行构造或从以下选项中选择）：
A.when
B. what
C. that
D. where
E. who
F. which
G. how
H. why
I. if
J. whether
K. whatever
答案：1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A
答案：1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. B
答案：
A (when)
C (that/which，但更自然的是省略关系词，直接用现在分词作后置定语)
H (what)
B (that)
G (what/how)
K (whatever)
B (that)
C (that)
B (that)
A (as if/though)
F (which/that)
H (what/how)
B (that)
A (when)
B (that)
翻译句子
我听说他已经辞去了工作，这让我感到很惊讶。

I heard that he had quit his job, which surprised me.
他不知道他是否能通过这次考试。

He doesn't know whether he can pass the exam.
这就是我想要告诉你的事。

This is what I want to tell you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

Whatever you say, I won't believe you.
我相信他会来参加我们的聚会。

I believe that he will come to our party.
他告诉我他为什么不喜欢这个工作。

He told me why he didn't like the job.
这就是他为什么迟到的原因。

This is the reason why he was late.
我们必须找出是谁打破了窗户。

We must find out who broke the window.
我不知道这个城市是什么样的。

I don't know what the city is like.
我怀疑他是否说了真话。

I doubt whether he told the truth.。