2021高考英语重点单词词性转换和语境活用12(解析版)

2021高考英语重点单词词性转换和语境活用12解析版
基础盘点·自测自评23
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I had just sat down to work when I spotted something moving(move) on the wall.
2.When things go wrong, all of us naturally(nature) feel disappointed and frustrated.
3.Whoever has gone through sandstorms knows the importance of environmental protection.
4.Even if you can’t help him, at least you can give him encouragement.
5.It is necessary for children to exchange ideas with parents from time to time so that the generation gap between them can be narrowed (narrow)．
6.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings (surround) during the journey?
7.Forbidden from going out at night, we had to stay at home aimlessly (aimless).
8.Silence may be viewed by some cultural (culture) groups as extremely uncomfortable.
9.In view of the present situation, we’ll have to change our original (origin) plan.
10.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically (academic) and personally.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is forbad, especially if you are a woman.
forbad→forbidden
2.Stood at the top of the mountain, we are able to have a good view of the beautiful scenery of the whole city. Stood→Standing
3.Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be good.
good→better
4.Obvious, I had met him before, but his name escapes me for the moment.
Obvious→Obviously
5.When the tourists who got lost in the mountain saw the light in the distance, they became very exciting.
exciting→excited
III.短文语法填空
China has developed a unique festival food culture throughout the years. Eating dumplings is a common folk
custom for many Chinese on the day of winter solstice(冬至), especially those 1.________ live in the north. When midwinter comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, if 2.________(eat) in a right amount, some nuts such as peanuts, walnuts, and chestnuts are good for one’s body.
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 3.________(be) accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter.
According to an old story, during the midwinter feast 2，500 years ago, the King of Wu was fed up 4.________ all kinds of costly foods and wanted to try 5.________(variety) things. Then, the beauty Xishi made wontons to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. Later, the people of Suzhou had wontons to celebrate the festival 6.________(official)．
In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of small dumpling ball 7.________(produce) with sticky rice flour(粉). In Yinchuan, Ningxia, people call midwinter the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, 8.________ is a custom for people there to eat mutton soup and the dumplings in it. They give the midwinter soup a strange name and call it “brain”，which they usually share with their 9.________(relative). People in Taiwan keep the custom of providing nine­layer cakes for their ancestors. People from the same family gather at their ancestral temples to adore their ancestors in order of their ages. After 10.________(hold) the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand dinner.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

多年来中国形成了自己独特的节日饮食文化。

文章重点讲述了不同地方在不同节日的不同风俗习惯的由来和饮食特点。

1．who解析：考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，此处缺少关系词引导定语从句，指代先行词those，指人，应用关系词who。

故填who。

2．eaten解析：考查省略句。

分析句子结构可知，在if引导的条件状语从句中，省略的主语跟主句中的主语一致，是some nuts，且与动词eat构成被动关系，此处省略了主语和are。

故填eaten。

3．are解析：考查动词的时态与主谓一致。

根据语境，此处时态为一般现在时，且主语People为复数，此处应用are。

故填are。

4．with解析：考查介词。

feed up with意为“给某人以充足的或有营养的食物，使对……厌烦”，为固定搭配。

故填with。

5．various解析：考查词性转换。

此处应用形容词修饰名词“things”，various意为“多种多样的”。

故填various。

6．officially 解析：考查词性转换。

此处应用副词修饰动词celebrate ，officially 意为“正式地”。

故填officially 。

7．produced 解析：考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，dumpling ball 与produce 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。

故填produced 。

8．it 解析：考查代词。

分析句子结构可知，此处构成句式“It is ＋名词/形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事……”，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。

故填it 。

9．relatives 解析：考查名词的单复数。

根据their 可知，此处应用名词复数形式。

故填relatives 。

10．holding 解析：考查非谓语动词。

介词After 后应接动名词形式。

故填holding 。

IV .短文改错
This morning my American friends Jack and I went to the temple fair holding in our city. When we arrived at the park, we were amazed at that we saw. There were such many different performances and booths selling tradition handicrafts. Since there were lots of games to play, food to eat, and performances to see, we spend at least six hours walking through crowds of people. Jack said he had great time because he not only tasted numerous kinds of local snacks and another dishes but also enjoyed live dragon and lion dances, waist drum dancing and other folk performances. We came back of home at about seven p ．m., tired and happy. 答案：
This morning my American friends Ⅱfriend Jack and I went to the temple fair holding
Ⅱheld
in our city. When we arrived
at the park, we were amazed at
that Ⅱwhat we saw. There were such
Ⅱso
many different performances and booths selling tradition Ⅱtraditional handicrafts. Since there were lots of games to play, food to eat, and performances to see, we spend
Ⅱspent
at least six hours walking through crowds of people. Jack said he had Ⅱ
Ⅱa great time because he not only tasted numerous kinds of local snacks and
another
Ⅱother
dishes but also enjoyed live dragon and lion dances, waist drum dancing and other folk performances. We came back Ⅱof ＼ home at about seven p ．m., tired
and
Ⅱbut
happy.
基础盘点·自测自评24
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The water shortage (short) is severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever­increasing population.
2.The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence(exist), from stone tools to modern technology.
3.There is worldwide concern about the destruction (destroy) of the rain-forests.
4.Fortunately,people have realized the seriousness (serious) of the problem.
5.I was late in getting to the station. But fortunately (fortune) for me, the train was late, too.
6.The police seemed to have found the new evidence of his crime, which made him very worried (worry).
7.I believe the teacher’s explanation (explain)will throw light on/upon this puzzling problem.
8.This knife is hard to cut something in two, and it needs sharpening (sharp)
9.Due to your dishonesty (honest), our cooperation will come to an end.
10.Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity (create), for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
Ⅰ.单句改错
1.Whether wildlife can be well protected is of great important.
important→importance
2.Keeping calmly is the most important thing when you deal with an emergency.
calmly→calm
3.At last the tourists managed to escape from the dangerous place, hungry and frightening.
frightening→frightened
4.If a nuclear war ever breaks out, many people will be likely to survive．
likely→unlikely
5.He said they did not want war with anyone, but if attacked they would fight to the die .
die→death
III.短文语法填空
As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters become more serious 1.________ before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida 2.________ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3.________(coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.
The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4.________(way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government 5.________(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became 6.________(gradual) clear that her state’s water authorities couldn’t agree on joint(联合的) action.
While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.________(cold), the people 8.________(live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.
At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget
9.________(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in
10.________ end.
【解题导语】随着气候变暖的影响，海平面上升及自然灾害均会给人类带来毁灭性打击。

为此，位于佛罗里达州的一个社区的人们积极采取行动来保护自己赖以生存的家园。

1．than解析：考查连词。

句意：由于全球变暖的影响，海平面上升和自然灾害变得比以前更加严重，当地的一些社区正在采取行动。

根据设空处前的more serious及设空处后的before可知，此处表示比较意义。

故填than。

2．where解析：考查定语从句。

句意：其中一个是佛罗里达州的一个社区，在保护沿海城市免受海平面上升的威胁方面，当地的人们和政府官员(的做法)证明是成功的。

分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为Florida，表示地点，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。

故填where。

3．coastal解析：考查词性转换。

句意见上一题解析。

设空处在句中修饰名词cities，应用形容词。

故填coastal。

4．ways解析：考查名词单复数。

句意：社区研究了海平面上升的程度，并提议解决问题的方法。

此处way意为“方法”，是可数名词，根据句意及语境可知，此处指不止一种方法，故应用复数形式。

故填ways。

5．to ban解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：社区劝说州政府禁止在海岸线附近开发新的土地并建议沿着海滩建起沙丘。

persuade...to do...为固定搭配，意为“劝说……做……”，故此处应用不定式to ban作persuade 的宾语补足语。

故填to ban。

6．gradually解析：考查词性转换。

句意：克里斯汀·雅各布斯是这个组织的创建者之一，在逐渐了解到州内各水利局就联合行动不能达成统一的意见之后，她于2008年决定采取行动。

设空处修饰形容词clear，应用副词，故填gradually。

7．colder解析：考查形容词的比较等级。

句意：尽管佛罗里达州有些政府官员怀疑气候是否会变得更热或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社区。

根据并列连词or及之前的hotter可知，此处表示比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。

故填colder。

8．living解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意见上一题解析。

分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰主语the people，且与the people之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。

故填living。

9．is解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

句意：如今，在财力受限的情况下，提出对抗气候变化影响的方法是迫切的问题。

句中“coming up with ways...”是动名词短语，为本句主语，其谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据本句时间状语At present可知，此处应用一般现在时。

故填is。

10．the解析：考查冠词。

句意：只有时间会说明这些沿海社区(的举措)最终是否会成功。

in the end 是固定搭配，意为“最终，最后”。

故填the。

IV.短文改错
I asked my dad if he wanted to take a trip to Iceland. No one was more surprising than me when he accepted my invite. We spent months preparing and plan for the trip. I am hoping that the trip would be the chance for us to fix some communication problems in our relationship. After our overnight flight we picked up the rental car and headed out to drive along the Golden Circle. We were exhausted the flight. One of the stop on the Golden Circle was the Geysir. Wait for it to erupt was the coldest ten minutes of my life. I got lost on the drive back to Reykjavík.
I began to wonder that whether this whole trip was a mistake. On the contrary, it was a perfect one, which repaired our relationship. Now we can tell everything to each other.
答案：
I asked my dad if he wanted to take a trip to Iceland. No one was more surprising
Ⅱsurprised than me when he accepted
my
invite
Ⅱinvitation. We spent months preparing and
plan
Ⅱplanning for the trip. I
am
Ⅱwas hoping that the trip would be
the
Ⅱa chance for us to fix some communication problems in our relationship. After our overnight flight we picked up
the rental car and headed out to drive along the Golden Circle. We were exhausted Ⅱ
Ⅱfrom/by the flight. One of
the
stop
Ⅱstops on the Golden Circle was the Geysir.
Wait
ⅡWaiting for it to erupt was the coldest ten minutes of my life.
I
ⅡWe got lost on the drive back to Reykjavík. I began to wonder Ⅱthat
＼whether this whole trip was a mistake. On the contrary, it was a perfect one, which repaired our relationship. Now we can tell everything to each other.。