管理学原理答案

管理学原理答案
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CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（1）
TRUE/FALSE
1．Management is often considered universal（通用的）because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain（达到）high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations. T
2．Leadership involves the use of influence to motivate（刺激）employees to achieve the organisation’s goals. T
3．Organising means defining（明确）goals for future organisational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them. F
4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organisation achieves a stated（规定的）objective（目标）. F
5. The manager’s ability to ‘think strategically（战略性的）’ requires high technical skills and a proficiency（精通）in specific tasks within an organisation. F
6. First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant（重大的）strategic（战略上的）policy decisions, often with staff managers assisting（帮助）them in these decisions. F
Multiple Choice
1. The figurehead role involves:
A. motivating and communicating with staff
B. initiating（发起）change
C. handling ceremonial（正式的）and symbolic activities
D. developing information sources within the organisation
E. staying well informed about current affairs C
2. How an organisation goes about accomplishing a plan is
a key part of the management function of:
A. planning
B. organising
C. leading
D. controlling
E. motivating B
3. Which of the following is not a function of management?
A. control
B. plan
C. organise
D. lead
E. performance E
4. A social entity（本质）that is goal directed and deliberately（慎重地）structured is referred to as:
A. an organisation
B. management
C. employees
D. students
E. tasks A
5. Which of the following types of skills is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks?
A. human skill
B. leadership skill
C. technical skill
D. conceptual（概念上的）skill
E. social skill C
6. The informational role, according to Mintzberg, is a(n) ____________ role?
A. entrepreneur（企业家）
B. leader
C. figurehead（有名无实的领袖）
D.celebratory
E. monitor E
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Social forces are the aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.
2. Economic forces pertain（属于）to the availability, production, and distribution（分配）of resources in a society.
3. The learning organization can be defined as one in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organisation to continuously experiment, change, and improve, thus increasing its capacity to grow, learn and achieve its purpose.
4. Empowerment（授权）means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.
5. List three of the basic ideas of scientific man会议员agement.
Trained workers in standard（标准的）method
Developed standard method for performing each job
Selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job
6. Weber’s vision of organisations that would be managed on an impersonal, rational（合理的）basis is called a(n) bureaucratic（官僚的）
7. List the three assumptions（设想）associated with McGregor’s Theory X.
People are lazy; People dislike responsibility; People lack ambition
CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（2）
TRUE/FALSE
1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy（哲学）about what an organization can become. T
2. The essential idea in a learning organisation is efficiency. F
3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think in terms of ‘control over’ rather than ‘control with’ others. This is in agreement with the idea of a learning organisation. F
4. Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively. T
5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, provide two opposing（相反的）views of workers: Theory X recognises that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises（承认）that workers will avoid work whenever possible. F
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. __________ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.
A. Legal
B. Economic
C. Political
D. Psychological
E. Social E
2. Variables（变量）such as interest rates, inflation（通货膨胀）and trade tariffs（关税）are all examples of _________ forces.
A. technological
B. political
C. social
D. socio-educational
E. none of the above E
3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole（唯一的）responsibility of:
A. middle management
B. project managers （项目经理）
C. company accountants
D. top managers D
4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing（普通的）management perspective（观点）, which emphasised rationality （合理性）and a scientific approach, was the _________ perspective.
A. scientific
B. behavioural
C. classical
D. quantitative
E. Pareto C
5. The three subfields（子域）of the classical perspective include:
A. bureaucratic organisation, quantitative management, and the human relations movement
B. quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative management
C. administrative management, bureaucratic organisation, and scientific management
D. scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management
E. none of the above C
6. Bruce believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision（管理）. He is a:
A. Theory X manager
B. Theory Y manager
C. Theory Z manager
D. contingency（偶然性）theory manager
E. classical manager B
SHORT ANSWER
1. Briefly discuss the relationship between management skills and management level.
1.management skills summarize in three categories:conceptual skills , human skills and technical skills.management level contains :top managers ,middle managers ,first-line managers and nonmanagers.top managers need conceptual skills,nonmanagers need technical skills,human skills is important to all management level
（管理技能有三种：概念技能、人际技能、技术技能。

概念技能包括：高层管理者、中层管理者、一线管理者和非管理者。

高层管理者需要概念技能。

非管理者需要技术技能。

人际技能对于管理水平来说很重要。

）
2. What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Which is more important for performance?
2.效率和效益向来都是企业追求的目标，二者既有联系又有区别。

效益是指做正确的事情，效率则是做事情运用正确的方法。

效益比效率更重要，因为无论效率再高，只要所做的事情不对，其结果就会是无益的劳动，而所付出的一切努力不过是一种浪费。

追求效益必须考虑效率，考虑效益实现的速度问题。

CHAPTER 2 The environment and corporate culture
TRUE OR FALSE
1、The study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organisations. F
2、The general environment and the task environment are the two layers of an organisation’s external environment. T
3、Customers and competitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension（次元）of a firm’s general
environment. F
4. Other organisations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers are referred to as suppliers. F
5. The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate（公司的）culture, sociocultural aspects and customers. F CHOICE
1. Which of these is a part of an organisation’s internal environment?
A. its customers
B. its salespeople
C. its wage structure
D. its suppliers
E. its competitors B
2. The __________ environment represents（表现）the outer layer of the environment and affects organisations __________.
A. task; indirectly
B. general; directly
C. internal; directly
D. internal; indirectly （间接地）
E. general; indirectly E
3. Which of these is NOT a part of an organisation’s general environment?
A. technological
B. economic
C. competitors
D. legal-political
E. sociocultural C
4. An organisation’s task environment includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. competitors
B. customers
C. labour markets
D. employers
E. suppliers D
5. Which of these a re included in an organisation’s task environment?
A. suppliers
B. accounting procedures （手续）
C. technology
D. government
E. demographic（人口统计学的）characteristics A
6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, such as population density?
A. technological environment
B. sociocultural environment
C. legal-political environment
D. internal environment
E. economic environment B
7. The __________ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation.
A. competitors
B. labour market
C. suppliers
D. customers
E. government B
8. Which statement （叙述）below is correct?
A. When environment is dynamic（活跃的）, uncertainty is low.
B. When the environment is unstable（动态的）, uncertainty
is low.
C. A dynamic environment has more uncertainty than a stable environment.
D. The stability（稳定性）of the environment does not determine the structure of the firm.
E. None of the above. C
9. Research has found that a(n) __________ structure works best when organisations experience uncertainty.
A. flexible （灵活的）
B. mechanistic （机械的）
C. intuitive （直觉的）
D. inorganic
E. rigid （死板的）A
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The external organizational environment includes all elements（元素）existing outside the boundary（分界线）of the organisation that have the potential（可能性）to affect the organisation.
2. The general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects organisations indirectly.
3. The internal environment includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions （交易）within the organisation.
4. The labor market represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Briefly describe the task environment and its four primary sectors.
1.The task environment includes those sectors that have a direct working relationship with the organization.These include customers,competitor,supplier,and the labor market.Customers
are the people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods and services from the /doc/ec12664159.html,petitor is other organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customer.Suppliers are people and organizations who provide the raw materials the organization uses to produce its /doc/ec12664159.html,bor market is the people available for hire by the organization.
（任务环境包括和团体有正确的工作关系。

这些包括消费者、竞争者、供应商和劳动力市场。

消费者是指那些从企业购买产品或者服务的个人或组织。

竞争者是指那些与本企业处于同一个行业、提供与本企业相同或类似产品的企业。

供应商是那些提供原材料给企业用来生产的个人或组织。

劳动力市场是指能够为企业所雇佣的所有人的集合。

）
2. Briefly describe and discuss the various levels of culture
2.Culture is the set of key values,beliefs, understandings,and norms that members of an organization share.Culture can be analyzed at the surface level and deeper level.Surface level includes artifacts,such as dress, office layout ,symbols,slogans,ceremonies.Deeper level has two sectors.The first one is expressed values,such as "The Penney Idea","The HP Way".The second one is underlying assumptions and deep beliefs ,such as "people here care about one another like a family".
（文化是指由一个组织内部所有成员共同认可的价值观、信仰、共识及生活准则。

文化被分解为浅层次和深层次。

浅层次包括人工制品，例如裙子、办公布局、符号、标语、仪式。

深层次有两方面。

一种是明确的价值，如“The Penney Idea”、“The HP Way”。

另一种是潜在的假设和深深的信仰，例如“这儿的人们把别人视作家庭成
员关怀”。

）
CHAPTER 4 Ethics and Social Responsibility
TRUE/FALSE
1、Found between the domains（领域）of law and free choice, ethics（道德规范）is the code of moral principles that governs any individual or group. T
2、Most ethical dilemmas（困境）involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole. T
3. The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian（功力的）, individualism, moral-rights and objective dualism（双重论）. F 应该是justice approach公正原则
4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics. F
5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the individualism approach. F
6. Culture is the only aspect of an organisation that influences ethics. F
7. All stockholders of an organisation are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders. T
CHOICE
1、Which of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviour with respect to what is right and wrong?
A. social responsibility
B. free domain
C. ethics
D. codified law （编纂法典）
E. discretionary（任意的）responsibility C
2. Around ____ per cent of adults reach the level three stage of moral development.
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 80
E. 20 E
3. Ethics deals with _______ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility with respect to the _______ environment.
A. internal/external
B. external/external
C. internal/internal
D. external/internal
E. none of the above A
4. The assumption（假设）that ‘If it’s not illegal, it must be ethical,’ ignores which of the following?
A. domain of codified law
B. domain of ethics
C. domain of free choice
D. discretionary responsibility
E. domain of symbolism B
5. The golden rule ‘do unto others as they would do unto you’ is:
A. an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behaviour
B. representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision making
C. an example of the values that guide the individualism approach to ethical behaviour
D. an age-old piece of advise not to be taken too seriously
E. an example of the justice approach to ethical behaviour C
6. Individualism is most closely related to:
A. social responsibility
B. free choice
C. economic responsibility
D. codified law
E. togetherness B
7. Sexual harassment（性骚扰）is unethical because it violates（违反）an important part of which approach to ethical behaviour?
A. the utilitarian approach
B. the individualism approach
C. the justice approach
D. the moral-rights approach
E. the defensive（防御的）approach D
8. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the:
A. utilitarian approach
B. moral-rights approach
C. individualism approach
D. justice approach
E. collectivism（集体主义）approach D
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. ethics is the code of moral principles and values that govern the behaviours of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong.
2. A(n) ethical dilemma arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour is undesirable（不良的）because of potentially （可能地）harmful ethical consequences.
3. List the four criteria（条件）for ethical decision making described in the book.
utilitarian approach;
individualism approach ;
moral rights approach ;
justice approach
4. List four examples of primary stakeholders.
investors,
suppliers,
customers,
stakeholders
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain the concept（概念）of a stakeholder and list five common stakeholders
1. A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization's performance.
the local government ;the nature ; physical environments ;special interest groups; the quality of life （利益相关者是指在组织的内部或外部，与公司经营业绩相互关联的任何个人或组织。

当地政府、自然、物理环境、特定兴趣小组、生活质量。

）
CHAPTER 5 Planning and Goal Setting
TRUE/FALSE
1、Of the four management functions, organizing is the most fundamental（根本的）, as everything practical（实际的）stems（血统）from careful organization. F
2. A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal. T
3. Plans specify（列举）future ends; goals specify today’s means.F
4. The act of determining the organisation’s goals and the means for achieving them is called goal setting. F
5. Goals and plans are valuable to an organisation because
they provide legitimacy（合法）, rationale（基本原理）for decisions and an increase in motivation（积极性）and commitment（承诺）. T
6. An organisation’s mission describes its re ason for existence. T
7. Mission statements often reveal（显示）the company’s philosophy as well as purpose. T
8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organisation wants to be in the future and pertain（属于）to the organisation as a whole. T
9. Reviewing progress is the most difficult step in an MBO process. F
10. Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organisation. T
CHOICE
1. A desired future state that an organisation attempts to realise（明白）is called a(n):
A. plan
B. vision statement
C. goal
D. mission statement
E. idea C
2. __________ specify future ends and __________ specify today’s means.
A. Goals, plans
B. Plans, goals
C. Planning, organising
D. Ideas, behaviours
E. Mission, vision A
3. Which of these is the act of determining the
organisation’s goals and the means for achieving them?
A. organising
B. brainstorming
C. planning
D. developing a mission
E. a blueprint C
4. The planning process begins with which of these?
A. the development of operational（运作的）goals
B. the development of a mission statement
C. communication of goals to the rest of the organisation
D. a company-wide meeting
E. brainstorming B
5. The __________ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn（空的）shapes the __________ and __________ level.
A. goal, mission, tactical
B. operational goal, mission and tactical （策略的）
C. objective, operational, mission
D. mission, tactical, operational
E. tactical plan, operational, mission D
6. __________ are primarily concerned with tactical goals/plans.
A. Middle management
B. Board of directors
C. Consultants
D. Senior management
E. Lower management A
7. Which of these are primarily responsible for strategic goals/plans?
A. middle management
B. board of directors
C. consultants（咨询者）
D. senior management
E. lower management D
8. A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an organisation is known as:
A. a goals statement
B. a values statement
C. an income statement
D. a mission statement
E. a competitive-edge statement D
9. The organisation’s reason for existence is kno wn as:
A. the organisation’s value
B. the organisation’s vision
C. the organisation’s mission
D. the organisation’s goal
E. the organisation’s service C
10. ‘We s eek to become the major computer maintenance （维修）business in Shanghai ’ is an example of a statement you are most likely to find in the organisation’s:
A. tactical goals
B. operational goals
C. mission
D. tactical plans
E. operational plans C
11. Goals that define the outcomes that major divisions（部门）and departments must achieve in order for the organisation to reach its overall goals are called:
A. strategic goals
B. tactical goals
C. operational goals
D. a mission
E. a plan B
12. Specific results expected from individuals are called:
A. operational goals
B. tactical goals
C. strategic goals
D. operational plans
E. mission statements A
13. __________ goals lead to the attainment（成就）of __________ goals, which in turn lead to the attainment of __________ goals.
A. Operational, strategic, tactical
B. Tactical, operational, strategic
C. Strategic, tactical, operational
D. Operational, tactical, strategic
E. None of the above D
14. The first step in the MBO process is:
A. setting goals
B. developing action plans
C. appraising（评价）overall performance
D. reviewing progress
E. reliant（依赖）on the objectives, which should be laid down（制定）first A
15. The final step in the MBO process is to:
A. appraise overall performance
B. develop an action plan
C. review progress
D. set goals
E. conduct periodic checkups（周期的审查）A
16. Contingency（偶然性）plans are:
A. plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future
B. plans that used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organisation
C. plans that define company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacks
D. most important in the organisations
E. none of the above C
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. A goal is a desired future state that the organisation attempts to realise.
2. A plan is a blueprint（蓝图）for goal achievement and specifies the necessary resource allocations（资源分配）, schedules（计划表）, tasks and other actions.
3. The act of determining the organisation’s goals and the means for achieving them is referred to as planning.
4. Broad statements describing where the organisation wants to be in the future are called strategic goals.
5. Tactical goals are designed to help execute（执行）major strategic plans and to accomplish a specific part of the company’s strategy.
6. List the five characteristics of effective goals.
specific and measurable（重大的）, 特定的并且重大的
cover key result areas, 覆盖重要结果区域
challenging but realistic, 有挑战的但是现实的
defined（规定的）time period, 规定一段时间
linked to rewards. 和奖励挂钩
7. The most difficult step in MBO is goal setting.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Briefly discuss Porter’s three competitive strategies.
differentiation；cost leadership；focus
1.The differentiation strategy acts in a flexible ,loosely kint way ,with strong coordination among departments.strong capability in basic rewards.creative flair,thinks"out of the box".strong maketing
abilities.rewards employee innovation.corporate reputation for quality or technological leadership.
The cost leadership has strong central authority; tight cost controls.maintains standard operating procedures.easy-to-use manufacturing technologies.highly efficient procurement and distribution systems.close supervision,finite employee empowerment.
The focus strategy is frequent,detailed control reports.may use combination of above policies directed at particular strategic target.values and rewards flexibility and customer intimacy.measures cost of providing service and maintaining customer loyalty.
2. List and define the four major activities that must occur in order for management by objectives (MBO) to succeed.
2.step1:set goals,corporate strategic goals,departmental goals,individual goals.step 2:develop action plans:an action plan defines the course of action needed to achieve the stated goals..step 3:review progress: review is important to ensure that action plans are working.step 4:appralse overall performance:it is to carefully evaluate whether the annual goals have been achieved for individuals and departments.。