人教 选修八 A 版 unit 3 Inventors and inventions

18版三维人教A版选修八unit 3 Inventors and inventions
【课前自主学习】
Ⅰ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累
高频单词默写
1.passive adj.被动的;消极的
2.seize vt.抓住;捉住;夺
3.associate vt.联想(系) n.同(伙)伴
4.bear vt.忍受.忍耐.负担
5.distinguish v.显示……的差别
→distinguished adj.著名的;卓越的6.merciful adj.宽大(仁慈)的;慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的;无情的
→mercy n.宽恕;仁慈
7.convenient adj.便利(方便/就近)的→convenience n.方便;便利
→conveniently_adv.便利地;方便地8.caution n.小心;谨慎
→cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的
→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地petence n.能力;胜任;本领→competent adj.能胜任的;称职的10.abrupt adj.突然的;意外的
→abruptly adv.突然地
11.practical adj.实际(践/用)的
→practice n.实践;练习
→impractical adj.不明智(现实)的12.expectation n.预料;期待(望)
→expect v．预料;期待;期望;认为13.innocent adj.清白的;天真的→innocence n.天真;清白
14.recognition n.认出;认可;承认
→recognize vt.认出;识别;承认
15.freezing adj.冰冻的;严寒的
→freeze v.冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的16.occasionally adv.偶然地;不时地→occasional adj.偶然的
→occasion n．时机;机会;场合1.If nobody can prove your
innocence, how can you say you
are innocent? (innocent)
2.He is a cautious man and is
always doing things with caution.
You should get on with him
cautiously.(caution)
3.You can visit Professor Li when
it is convenient, that is, at his
convenience. His house is
conveniently near the bus stop.
(convenient)
4.In western countries, the
number “thirteen” is usually
associated with bad luck, but
actually there isn’t any
association between them.
(associate)
5．The products which have been
produced in our factory fail to
meet the demand. So we are
planning to expand production.
(product)
6. If you are ever asked to identify
yourself, then you should show
your driver's license or some sort
of identification.(identify)
7. The merciless king showed no
mercy and killed all the prisoners.
(merciful)
8. He took measures to make up
his fault, which received our
recognition (recognize).
9.Your suggestion sounds
reasonable and practical. I think it
deserves to be discussed at the
next meeting. (practice)
①active主动的
②passive 被动的
③positive 积极的
④negative 消极的
⑤subjective 主观的
⑥expensive 昂贵的
⑦impressive 印象深刻的
⑧aggressive 争强好胜的；挑衅的
2.表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住
②catch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握
④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
3.含fore-前缀的单词面面观
①forehead n.额头
②forearm n.前臂
③forecast vt.预报
④foresee vt.预见
⑤foreword n.前言
⑥forearm n. 前臂
⑦foretell v.预言;预示
⑧foresight n.远见;先见之明
4.“辨别；区分”家族
①distinguish between ...and ...
区分……和……
②distinguish ...from ...
使……有别于……
③tell ... from ...
区分/辨别……和……
Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多
1.call up给……打电话；使想起
2.now and then 偶尔；有时
3.set about 开始；着手
4.dive into 一心投入
5.set out (to do) 开始(做)
6.hang on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住
7.out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8.get through 打通电话;通过;度过
9.ring back 回复电话
10.ring off 挂断电话1.Sorry to hear that you’ve failed
the exam. If only you had set about
the revision earlier.
2.Many memories of old times were
called up by the conversation we
had together that evening.
3.The engines of the ship were out
of order and the bad weather added
to the helplessness of the crew at
sea.
5.It’s the love and responsibility
that have driven him to get through
many hardships and survive.
1.“有时”词汇全接触
①now and then偶尔；有时
②now and again不时；时而
③from time to time不时
④sometimes 有时
⑤occasionally 偶尔
2.“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃
①dive into 一心投入
②burst into 突然闯入
③run into 撞上；偶然遇见
④look into 往里看；调查
⑤knock into 撞上
⑥break into 破门而入
Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。

so ...that ...“如此……
以至于……”，引导结
果状语从句。

好照顾孩子。

She was so occupied with scientific
research that she had her child taken
good care of.
2. Follow it up, explore all around it, and
before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它,在它的周围探索,不知不觉中,你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。

本句为“祈使句＋
and/or/otherwise＋陈述
句”结构。

给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。

Give me a chance, and I’ll give you a
wonderful surprise.
【课堂语段讲练】
【读语段，学考点】
1. Leran to be an inventor
Any invention is from life. People invent something to make their lives become more convenient. The inventors distinguish themselves from ordinary people. For they all are very careful with the details in their lives. They often associate their new idea with their new inventions. Cheer up, and you can also invent your new things.
1.convenient adj.方便的；便利的；就近的
[教材原句] They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
①If it’s convenient (convenience) for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. (2016全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 如果你方便的话，我们在8点半在校门口见面吧。

②We bought this house for convenience; it's near the shops and the railway station.
我们为子方便买了这个房子，它靠近商店和火车站。

③We should be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience.
如果你在最方便时能给我们回复的话，我们会感谢的。

2．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
[教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。

②As far as we all know, Lang ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
众所周知，郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。

③Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.
诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。

3. associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴，伙伴
[教材原句] Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.
虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世，但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的
①We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of evolution．
我们自然会把达尔文的名字与进化论联系起来。

②There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.
有很多严重的健康问题都与吸烟有关。

③We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。

4. [教材原句]Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。

[句式结构] “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。

①Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise you will be late.
快点，否则你会迟到的。

②Follow your doctor’s advice, and you will get better soon.
接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。

③It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well.
真危险。

再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。

[名师点津]上述方框中各结构后面的陈述句多用“一般将来时态”。

2.An interesting invention
Xiao Ling's father can't bear the inconvenience that he often forgets where his door keys are. And this calls him up that he must invent a kind of key that is never lost. In this case, he finally invents an intelligent key that can sound when it is left behind by his owner. More importantly, it can also be located by your phone. If you are interested in his invention, you can get him through by his e-mail: Iloveinvention@.
5．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实
[经典例句] I cannot bear the noise of my neighbor's radio; it distracts me from my work.
(1)写出下列句中bear的含义
①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？(负担；承担)
②He can’t bear being laughed at in public. (忍受)
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday. (生育)
④Some of the newly-planted apple trees have also begun to bear. (结果实)
(2)单句语法填空
⑤I can't bear young people casting/to cast (cast) away their youth.
我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。

⑥Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.
肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。

⑦Please bear in mind: Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.
请牢记：成功源于勤奋,懒惰导致失败。

6. call up给……打电话；使想起
[教材原句] When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
①The sound of seagulls reminded him of (=called up) his happy memories of his childhood.
海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。

②Their travel plan was cancelled (=called off) because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，他们的旅行计划取消了。

③Success in school calls for much hard work．
在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。

[联想发散]与“打电话”有关的短语还有：
①ring up给……打电话
②ring/call back回复电话
③ring off挂断电话
④give sb. a ring/call给某人打电话
⑤hang/hold on不挂断电话
7. get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
[教材原句] I've been trying to ring up for a long time and I couldn't get through.
(1)写出下列各句中get through的含义
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. (设法做完)
②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. (打通电话)
③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. (通过)
④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. (用光)
(2)单句语法填空
⑤He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll get over it.
⑥Although the concept is a bit difficult to understand, I have tried to get my point across.
⑦He felt very ashamed to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.
【课堂作业】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
2.The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.
3.Whether or not the secretary will be fired is at the mercy (merciful) of her boss.
4.I believe that you are innocent (innocence), and I'll stand up for you anywhere.
5.We all have an expectation (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.
6.We must always bear in mind that China is a big country with a huge population.
7.The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists.
8.When you come to school, please visit my office at your convenience (convenient).
9.I have filled in the form and filed (file) my patent application with the Patent Office.
10.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world. Distinguishing→Distinguished
2．Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.
去掉with。

3．The teacher's abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.
abruptly→ abrupt
4．The new government must set out finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
out→about
5．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.
frozen →freezing
6．We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.
merry→merrily
1.Before I gave my name he rang off, which made me very angry.
2.Having made up his mind, he set about carrying out the plan.
3.Someone called up from downtown and asked to see you at five.
4.If you hang on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.
4.The thief dived his hand into my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.
5.I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order. You had better sort them out.
7.The girl goes to visit her English teacher now and then who retired from school last year.
8.It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.
Ⅳ.根据提示词或结构翻译句子
1. 早上丢失了一小时，你就得在一天剩下的时间里努力寻找这一小时。

Lose one hour in the morning, and you will be looking for it the rest of the day. (祈使句＋and＋陈述句) 2. 只有这样做,我们才能让世界更美好。

(倒装)
Only by doing so can we help to make the world a better place.
3. 每次他来上海，总是顺便来看看我。

Each time he comes to Shanghai, he always drops in on me.
4. 我们必须牢记是共产党领导我们走向胜利的。

（强调主语）
We must keep in mind that i t is the Communist Party that leads us to victory.
5. 似乎没什么可以做的了，只有派人去请医生。

（there seem to do...)
There seemed to be nothing left to do but send for the doctor
【课下作业】
一、英语知识运用组块专练
Ⅰ.完形填空
二、第Ⅱ卷强化增分专练
Ⅰ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ⅱ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am English student studying in China. Yesterday, I go to your cinema to see a film. The film was very good, and I did not enjoy it because there were some problems in the cinema. First, the film was delayed as there was so many advertisements at the beginning. It was rather annoyed. Second, the sound of the film was such loud that I could hardly bear it. The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, that presented potential safety problems. If something terrible should happen, it would be difficult for people to get out quick. As a visitor to your city, I’m disappointed with my experience in you cinema. I am writing the letter in the hope that you can consider these
problems and to make some improvements.
1. 第一句中English前加“an”此题考查不定冠词的用法。

2. 第二句中go →went 时态错误，应用一般过去时。

3. 第三句中and →but 此处用表转折意义的连词。

4. 第四句中was →were 主谓一致，用单数形式。

5. 第五句中annoyed →annoying 此题考查分词annoying与annoyed用法区别
6. 第六句中such →so 此题考查固定结构“so. . . that. . .”的用法。

7. 第七句中that →which 此题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。

8. 第八句中quick →quickly 此题考查形容词、副词用法区别。

9. 第九句中you →your 此题考查代词的用法区别。

10. 第十句中去掉and后面的“to”。

此题考查（不）带to的动词不定式的用法。

Ⅲ.书面表达
假如你是某中学的学生Tom。

前不久，你参加了全国英语演讲比赛并获得一等奖。

请用英语给校刊写一篇文章，谈谈你的体会。

内容主要包括：
1.付出才有回报；
2.收获自信和友谊；
3.感激之情。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已经写好，不计入总词数。

Looking back to the National English Speaking Competition I took part in several days ago, I have a lot to share with you._______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文：
Looking back to the National English Speaking Competition I took part in several days ago, I have a lot to share with you.
Firstly, I feel really delighted that I’ve won the first prize in the competition, which makes me understand the true meaning of the proverb “No pains, no gains.” Besides, I’ve established the friendship with students from all over our country, from whom I’ve learned a lot. More importantly, taking this competition has enab led me to overcome my fear of speaking in public, thus developing my self-confidence.
Additionally, I owe many thanks to my teacher and judges, without whose help, I couldn't have done such an excellent job. To sum up, I will always treasure this meaningful and memorable experience.。