2020版高考英语新增分大一轮人教全国版讲义+练习：Book 7 Unit 1 含答案

基础知识默写(学生用书285～286页) 1.disability n.伤残；无力；无能
disabled adj.伤残的
disable v t.使丧失能力；使伤残
2.ambition n.雄心；野心
ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
3.noisy adj.吵闹的；嘈杂的
noise n.噪音
4.suitable adj.适合的；适宜的
suit v.适合
5.beneficial adj.有益的；受益的
benefit v.受益；n.益处
6.outgoing adj.外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的
7.adapt v t.使适应；改编
adaptation n.改编本；适应
8.absence n.缺席；不在某处
absent adj.缺席的
9.fellow n.同伴；同志；伙伴adj.同伴的；同类的
10.annoy v t.使……不悦；惹恼
annoyed adj.颇为生气的；恼怒的
annoyance n.烦恼；使人烦恼的事
11.encouragement n.鼓励；奖励
encourage v t.鼓励
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的
12.conduct n.行为；品行v t.指挥；管理；主持；执行
13.resign v i.& v t.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
resignation n.辞职；顺从
14.assistance n.协助；援助
assistant n.助手
15.congratulate v t.祝贺；庆贺
congratulation n.祝贺；贺词
16.graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼
17.exit n.出口；离开；退场
18.abolish v t.废除；废止
19.adequate adj.足够的；充分的
20.profit n.利润；收益；盈利
munity n.社区；团体；社会
22.slavery n.奴隶制
slave n.奴隶
23.access n.(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
24.politics n.政治(学)
political adj.政治的
politician n.政治家
25.approval n.赞成；认可
approve v t.& v i.认可；批准
disapprove v t.& v i.不赞成，反对
26.in other words换句话说
27.adapt to适合；适应
28.cut out切去；省略；停止(做某事)
29.out of breath上气不接下气
30.all in all总而言之
31.sit around闲坐着
32.as well as和；也
33.in many ways在很多方面
34.make fun of取笑
35.never mind不必担心
36.all the best(口语)(祝你)一切顺利
37.meet with遇到；经历；会晤
38.Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
而且有时候我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。

39.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。

40.Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。

基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.I have learned to be modest and to work even harder than my fellows(同伴) to meet their expectations.
2.Children could have an adequate(足够的) background of the alphabet and sounds of words before attending school.
3.The market opened a door of opportunity I never dreamed of.It allowed me to make a profit(利润) to start a greenhouse business.(2018·陕西宝鸡质检)
4.I’m outgoing(外向的) and easy to get along with，which helps me work well with others.
(2018·山东聊城二模) 5.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct(表现) yourself as a good neighbor should.(2018·浙江)
6.Cycling is highly beneficial(benefit) to health and the environment.
7.Please accept my sincere congratulations(congratulate) upon your success.
8.She is deaf，but refuses to let her disability(disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.
9.This was an event organized by ordinary citizens，not political(politics) activists.
10.It was encouraging(encourage) that he recognised the dangers the company was facing.
11.There is a church which is easily accessible(access) from my home.
12.Alan is someone who always needs the approval(approve) of other people.
13.They asked what his plans were after graduation(graduate).
14.We’ve only been able to rebuild the theatre with the assistance(assist) of the National Lottery.
15.The government has announced an ambitious(ambition) programme to modernize the railway network.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
all in all，be annoyed at，in other words，adapt to，out of breath
My grandmother is very energetic.Every time she goes up the stairs，she is never 1.out of breath.When asked about the secret，she said that being optimistic and 2.adapting to a new environment quickly are as important as doing exercise.We should learn to be happy; 3.in other words，don’t 4.be annoyed at anything less important.5.All in all，only by living happily every day can we be healthy.
meet with，sit around，as well as，in many ways，make fun of
Mary is a lazy and mean person.She frequently 6.sits around all day，doing nothing 7.as well as taking delight in 8.making fun of others who are inferior to her 9.in many ways.Therefore，her behaviour has 10.met with widespread opposition.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Every time my father comes to Beijing，he goes to visit the Monument to the People’s Heroes with respect.(every time)
我父亲每次来北京，都要去瞻仰人民英雄纪念碑。

2.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.(too...to)
我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。

3.People usually go to the central park on Sundays，enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(现在分词作伴随状语)
人们周日通常去中央公园，他们在阳光下尽情欢乐。

4.This dictionary is not as useful as you think.(as)
这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

1.让人“生气”的单词
(1)annoy v t.使……不悦
(2)angry adj.生气的
(3)offend v.触怒；得罪，冒犯
(4)upset adj.心烦的
(5)displease v.使生气
2.“废除”这些单词
(1)abolish v t.废除；废止
(2)cancel v.取消
(3)remove v.去除
(4)deprive v.剥夺
3.名词变-ion为-ious构成形容词的单词小结
(1)ambition→ambitious有雄心的
(2)caution→cautious小心的
(3)religion→religious宗教的
(4)nutrition→nutritious有营养的
(5)suspicion→suspicious怀疑的
4.常用“祝福语”小结
(1)all the best(口语) (祝你)一切顺利
(2)good luck to you祝你好运
(3)long may you live祝你长寿
(4)happy birthday to you生日快乐
(5)wish you succeed祝你成功
(6)happy New Year新年快乐
5.英语中对道歉的常用答语
(1)Never mind.没关系；不用担心。

(2)That’s OK/all right.没关系。

(3)It doesn’t matter.没什么；没关系。

(4)Forget it.没关系。

(5)It’s nothing.没什么。

adapt v.使适应；使适合；改编；改写
(1)The reason for this bird’s adaptation to the cold temperatures of the Arctic Circle is its splendidly beautiful，white，and thick feathers.(2018·全国名校联盟联考)
(2)It was a TV adaptation(adapt) of Chinese literature classic，The Dream of the Red Chamber，which was performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
(3)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change(适应气候变化).(2017·江苏)
[句式升级]
(4)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit.(改为省略句)
The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.
absence n.[C]& [U]缺席；不在某处；[U]缺乏
(1)He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind.
他因心不在焉而考试不及格。

(2)In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
没有了(灰)狼，郊狼的数量也迅速增加。

(3)He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他因为某种原因而没有出席会议。

(4)[同义句改写]The decision was made while I was not there.
→The decision was made in my absence.
易错点拨
(1)absence通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词。

(2)表示做某事缺席，其后通常接介词from。

annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼；打扰
(1)He got very annoyed with me at/about my carelessness.
(2)The annoying(annoy) thing about the scheme is that it’s confusing.
(3)Annoyed(annoy) to see Li Dan still sleeping，she said in a loud voice，“Li Dan，get up！”
(2018·湖南邵阳二模)
(4)[一句多译]令他恼火的是，他发现他们没有等他。

①To his annoyance，he found they hadn’t waited for him.(annoyance)
②What annoyed him was that he found they hadn’t waited for him.(what引导的主语从句)
(1)Kids shouldn’t have/get/obtain/gain access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. (2018·江苏)
孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的东西。

(2)[一句多译]药品不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。

①Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.(accessible)
②Medicine should be kept where it is out of children’s reach.(reach)
易错点拨在上述短语中，access前通常不加冠词，且在access to中，介词to后可接名词或代词，一般不接doing。

in other words换句话说
[根据语境用word短语的正确形式填空]
(1)He told me that he had words with the manager and lost his position.
(2)How can we improve medical care to benefit people？In other words，how can we create a health-care system that helps people?
(3)Jack is good，kind，hard-working and intelligent.In a/one word，I can’t speak too highly of him.
(4)Mary kept her word and returned all the money.
(5)Being the office supervisor，I had to have a word with the new employee who never arrived at work on time.
out of breath上气不接下气
[根据语境用breath短语的正确形式填空]
(1)We held our breath while Mr Evans read the exam results.
(2)When he dashed back，he was already out of breath.
(3)He took/drew a deep breath of the fresh mountain air.
(4)If you run very fast，you may lose your breath/be out of breath.
句型：现在分词短语作伴随状语
(1)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，exceeding(exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.(2018·江苏)
(2)When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
[句式升级]
(3)He made the boy sit there，and promised they would not hurt him.(用分词短语作状语改写)
He made the boy sit there，promising they would not hurt him.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The survey conducted(conduct) by the company shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year.
2.Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Championships!
3.Across the world，1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.
4.The son，as well as his parents，goes(go) there once every two weeks.
5.His latest book The Social Animal，however，is more ambitious(ambition) and serious than his earlier books.
6.Dear Miss，I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.
7.Failure is annoying(annoy)，but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways.
8.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky.
9.All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible(access) to the disabled.
10.The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.
Hear
Hearing the news，they all jumped for joy.
2.I get annoying
annoyed when someone talks to me while I’m reading.
3.It would be ∧
of或
benefit
beneficial to follow your teacher’s advice.
4.As we all know，the disabled
is
are also important members of our society.
5.She has not only adapted
her
herself to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.
6.Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to
borrow
borrowing books from the school library.
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Marty is a disabled but 1.fairly(fair) positive person who never feels sorry for 2.himself(he) and has learned to adapt to his disability.Marty always 3.considers(consider) he has a good life.He is 4.realistic(real) about his disability but he never stops doing as much as he 5.can.He keeps himself busy 6.doing(do) things like writing and computer programming that do not require physical strength.He has friends with 7.whom he can go to the movies and football 8.matches (match) and he has lots of pets.He also studies hard.He is a 9.mentally(mental) strong and independent boy.Marty is able to live as rich and full 10.a life as everyone else.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Alice is writing to ask Ms Sanders to consider the matter of easy use of the cinema by disability customers.Ms Sanders is the person which is to design the new Bankstown cinema.She asks Ms Sanders to consider the access at the cinema for people in wheelchairs and those who have difficulty walk.She suggests there are earphones beside all seats.What’s more，the seats at back of the cinema should be placed higher than the one at the front.There should be toilet and car parking spaces special for the disabled.If so，it will be more easier for the disabled there.
答案
Alice is writing to ask Ms Sanders to consider the matter of easy use of the cinema by disability
disabled customers.Ms
Sanders is the person
which
who/that is to design the new Bankstown cinema.She asks Ms Sanders to consider the access
at
to
the cinema for people in wheelchairs and those who have difficulty
walk
walking.She suggests there
are
be earphones beside
all seats.What’s more，the seats at ∧
the back of the cinema should be placed higher than the
one
ones at the front.There
should be toilet
toilets and car parking spaces
special
specially for the disabled.If so，it will be more或
more
much easier for the
disabled there.
Ⅴ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于个人发展)
1.左腿有点跛曾让汤姆很难过。

(动名词短语作主语)
2.让我们高兴的是，他现在已经适应了这种情况。

3.而且他有雄心，想有尊严地活着。

4.在同伴的鼓舞和帮助下，他逐渐接触了体育运动。

(过去分词短语作状语)
5.每个人都祝贺他的进步，而不是取笑他。

连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
1.Being lame in the left leg ever made Tom annoyed.However，
2.to our delight，he
3.has adapted to it.What’s more，he is
4.ambitious and wants to
5.live a life with dignity.Now
6.encouraged and assisted by his companions，he gradually
7.gained access to sports.Everyone
8.congratulated him on his progress instead of
9.making fun of him.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
话题：购物难度星级：☆
(2018·黑龙江哈师大附中四模)
Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product
Full Two-Year Warranty(保修)
Limited Five-Year Warranty on Cabinet(机箱)
Warranty Provides for：
FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.
THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust(生锈).
Warranty Limitations：
•Warranty begins at the date of original purchase.
•Applies only to products used within the United States or in Canada if products are approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.
•Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.
•Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.
•Adjustments covered during the first year only.
Warranty Does Not Cover It If：
•Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply，shipping and handling，accident，fire，floods，lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.
•Product is improperly installed(安装) or applied.
Owner’s Responsibilities：
•Provide sales receipt.
•Normal care and repair.
•Have the product reasonably accessible for service.
•Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.
•Pay for extra service costs，over normal service charges，if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer normal business hours.
In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages(间接损坏).
This warranty gives you specific legal rights，and you may have others which vary from state to state.For example，some states do not allow the exclusion(排除) or limitation of consequential damages，so this exclusion may
not apply to you.
1.According to Warranty Limitations，a product can be under warranty if .
ed in the U.S.A.
B.rented for home use
C.repaired by the user himself
D.shipped from a Canadian factory
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据“Warranty Limitations：•Applies only to products used within the United States”可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修范围内。

故A项正确。

2.According to Owner’s Responsibilities，an owner has to pay for .
A.the product installation
B.a servicer’s overtime work
C.the loss of the sales receipt
D.a mechanic’s transportation
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据“Owner’s Responsibilities：•Pay for extra service costs，over normal service charges”可知，买家必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用。

故B项正确。

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the warranty?
A.Consequential damages are excluded across America.
B.A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.
C.A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.
D.Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据文中的“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.”可知，在第二年可以免费更换。

故C项正确。

话题：个人情况难度星级：☆☆
(2018·吉林长春四模)
Fei-Fei Li arrived in the U.S.from China at age 16 with many big dreams.And it took many unusual jobs to help her achieve them.Luckily，she was smart and extremely driven.And today，she’s the director of Stanford University’s artificial intelligence lab.
“As one of the leaders in the world for A.L.，I feel much excitement and responsibility to create the most awesome and excellent technology for society and to educate the most awesome and excellent technologists—that’s
my calling，” Li said.
She is also a loyal advocate for diversity in the tech industry.
“I see extremely talented Stanford PhD students struggling with their visas and I find it unthinkable that we create so many barriers for the talents of the world，”Li said.While Li was in college at Princeton，she borrowed money from friends and even her high school math teacher to run a dry-cleaning business for her parents in order to help them get by.Li attended classes during the week and worked at the business on the weekends.Then，when Li was in graduate school，her mom developed cancer and had a stroke(中风).“It was difficult to keep moving ahead while all of this was happening.The real existential challenge is to live up to your fullest potential，live up to your sense of responsibility and to be honest to yourself about your dreams while doing it，” she said.
Li was named a Great Immigrant of 2016 by the Carnegie Corporation，the nation’s oldest grant-making foundation which honors roughly 40 naturalized U.S.citizens each year.Her graduate studies were supported by the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans.
4.What do we know about Fei-Fei Li according to Paragraph 1?
A.She was born in the United States of America.
B.She has made many of her dreams come true.
C.She worked very hard because she’s not gifted.
D.She’s now doing researches on AI in China.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，16岁时，李菲菲带着许多远大的梦想从中国到了美国。

她做了许多不同寻常的工作来实现这些梦想。

幸运的是，她聪明并且有极强的自我鞭策力。

现在她是斯坦福大学人工智能实验室的主任。

所以只有选项B正确。

5.What does the underlined word “calling” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Interest in technology.
B.Desire to help.
C.Creativity in science.
D.Sense of duty.
答案 D
解析词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“I feel much excitement and responsibility to...”可知，李菲菲觉得她有责任为社会创造出最卓越的技术，并培养出最优秀的技术人才。

故答案选D。

6.What was Fei-Fei Li’s life like before she graduated from university?
A.She had been struggling with her visa.
B.Both her parents suffered from illness.
C.Her family was faced with a tight budget.
D.It was difficult for her to attend classes.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句可知，李菲菲读书时，曾经借钱帮父母经营干洗店，所以家庭经济困难。

故选C。

7.Fei-Fei Li has achieved success because .
A.her awareness of her duty and goals made a difference
B.an American foundation gave her support
C.the Carnegie Corporation named her a Great Immigrant
D.she was lucky enough to borrow money from others
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段内容，尤其是第四段最后一句可知，她成功的原因是她能意识到自己的责任和清楚自己的目标。

故选A。

话题：健康难度星级：☆☆☆
Maybe the Man of Steel has such a great body because of all that flying and leaping onto tall buildings with a single bound(跳跃).
At least that’s the promise of a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise with the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience of flying through the air like Superman.It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a non-profit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.
The $9，000 machine，a German invention called Icaros，will be the first of its kind available for public use in the country when the new YMCA site in Minneapolis opens in early 2018.
How does it work？Users put on virtual reality goggles(护目镜) and then lie down on a metal frame that moves forward and back and rolls from side to side depending on how you shift your weight.
In “Flight” mode，you’re traveling over a landscape of mountains，glaciers and narrow valleys.Tilt(倾斜) down on the platform，and you virtually dive nose first toward the ground.Roll to the right，and you’re flying over a bend in a valley.Many other experience modes are available too.
What’s it like？Nathan Maehren，senior vice president of digital for YMCA，has used the machine about 100 times.When he’s going fast on the machine，he makes sounds like a weightlifter as he quickly shifts his body，finding his way around virtual objects without crashing.“I almost don’t realize I’m working out，” he said，“You’re having fun.”
He said it was more of a training for his arms and shoulders than he expected.It may seem like a lot of hard work just to get good exercise，but everyone knows how boring gyms can be.
Surprisingly，he didn’t feel sick.That may be because what you see in the goggles reflects what your body is doing on the platform.
8.What is the machine Icaros probably for?
A.The young to build up.
B.The disabled to travel in virtual reality.
C.The old to keep healthy.
D.Children to experience new technology.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“a new piece of exercise equipment that combines physical exercise”及“It will be offered by the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)，a non-profit organization devoted to youth development and healthy living.”可知，这是一款健身设备，而其提供者主要致力于年轻人的发展和健康生活。

由此推知，该设备是给年轻人健身用的。

9.What should the users do when using the machine?
A.To pass a body test.
B.To stand on the platform.
C.To wear special glasses.
D.To know how to fly over mountains.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句“Users put on virtual reality goggles...”可知，在使用设备时，使用者需要戴上特殊的眼镜。

10.How did Nathan Maehren feel after using the machine?
A.Extremely tired.
B.A little bit dizzy.
C.More amused than in gyms.
D.Not excited as he expected.
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

根据第六段最后一句中的“‘I almost don’t realize I’m working out，’he said，‘You’re having fun.’”可知，南森·梅尔在使用器材之后的感受是自己不是在健身，而是在快乐地玩耍。

11.What is the text mainly about?
A.The introduction of YMCA.
B.A new machine for exercise.
C.The future of virtual reality.
D.The technology used in films.
答案 B
解析主旨大意题。

通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了为促进年轻人健康地生活，一个非营利性组织提供了一种新型健身器材。

Ⅱ.七选五
Food is very important and necessary for our lives.
We eat food because we need it to live.It gives us the nutrients that we need for our bodies to grow. 12 If we are happy，we eat；if we are sad，we eat；boredom，depression，and loneliness are other reasons why we eat. 13 When we have friends or family over，we usually have some forms of food to offer them，whether it is a light snack or
a full meal.
14 Many of us like certain foods because we have been raised eating those foods.In many cases，whatever our parents eat or like to eat is what we eventually enjoy eating.The region where we live as well as economics determines much of our food selection.If we lived in China，we would eat a lot of rice because it is what is grown there. 15 Food is also a part of our many celebrations.However，the way that food is used in celebrations varies from home to home，and country to country. 16 To understand why different foods are used in different celebrations，we need to understand a little about culture and how it could affect foods we use.
A.Also，we use food for our social needs.
B.Very often，we eat food for psychological reasons.
C.Nowadays many people choose to eat healthy food.
D.It is affected by different cultures around the world.
E.So our background and environment play a great role in what we eat.
F.Cheap food in one country may be quite expensive in another country.
G.The food that we choose to eat is selected for a number of different reasons.
12.答案 B
解析设空前提到食物是我们的身体成长之需，后面提到的happy，sad，boredom，depression和loneliness都是描述心理活动的词汇，所以此处应该是一个过渡句。

B项(我们吃食物经常是出于心理原因)符合语境。

13.答案 A
解析设空处前面提到吃食物能满足身体和心理的需求，设空处后面提到有朋友或家人的时候也需要食物招待他们，所以此处应是吃食物能满足社交需要，这和A项(我们也用食物来满足社交需求)吻合。

14.答案G
解析分析文章结构可知，此处应是本段的中心句。

下面列举的是选择某种食物的不同原因。

G项(我们选择食用不同食物的原因有很多)符合语境。

15.答案 E
解析上文提到父母喜欢吃的食物最后也会是我们喜欢的食物；我们生活的地区和经济状况决定了我们的食物选择；并举例说明如果是生活在中国我们就会选择吃大米，这是因为大米生长在中国。

由此可以推断出我们的生活背景和生活环境对我们选择食物起到了重要作用，这和E项吻合。

16.答案 D
解析设空处的下一句提到要想了解为什么在不同的庆祝活动中用不同的食物，我们需要了解一点文化，了解一下我们使用的文化是如何影响所使用的食物的，所以此处应是食物和文化的关系。

D项(这受到了全世界不同文化的影响)符合语境。