人教版新课标 2018学年高三英语 高考专项 阅读理解冲刺练习含精品解析详解

阅读理解冲刺练习
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

一
A
Little black taxis, often run-down and falling apart from decades of use, have for a long time been a main feature of Cairo’s chaotic urban landscape. But their days may be numbered, thanks to a new taxi replacement programme aimed at knocking out older, potentially unsafe vehicles.
The government-sponsored action, launched earlier this year, allows drivers of taxis 20 years or older, mostly Fiats and Peugeots, to trade their cars for shiny new all-white ones at generous rates of financing. Drivers can choose between five different locally manufactured car models.
According to officials, more than 11,000 brand new taxis, sporting trademark checked stripes on the sides, have already hit the streets of the capital, and they’ve been welcomed enthusiastically by passengers. Many people say that not only are the new taxis more comfortable, but they also make the streets of Cairo far more presentable. Furthermore, taxi fares have only increased by a small amount.
The poor condition of most black and white taxis is almost legendary. Passengers often have to deal with windows and doors that do not open and close, and heavy, thick petrol gases. Air conditioning is unheard of. The new all-white taxis, meanwhile, are cleaner, more fuel-efficient and provide air conditioning on request. Furthermore, all the new taxis come equipped with functioning fare meters, which avoids arguments and sometimes fights with passengers!
The government hopes to replace all of the capital’s 40,000 elderly black cabs soon, but not everyone in
Cairo will be happy to see them go. Hotel manager Ibrahim Al-Toukhy says that the old black cabs were weak and run-down, and maybe even a little dangerous, but they were part of the city, and part of Cairo’s character.
1.Which of the followings can replace the underlined word “chaotic” in paragraph 1?
A. disorderly
B. fantastic
C. busy
D. silent
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the new taxis?
A. They are much more presentable.
B. Their passengers have to pay dramatically more.
C. They are much more energy-saving.
D. Only few of them provide air conditioning.
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The road traffic condition of Cairo
B. A taxi renewal programme launched in Cairo
C. The problems with old black Cairo taxis.
D. Various views on the new taxi replacement in Cairo
B
THREE years ago Jenny Salgado, a Dominican shop assistant, moved to Highland town, a neighborhood of Baltimore. When she arrived the shop she works in, it was one of only a few Spanish businesses. Now there are many more. “It’s good now if you speak Spanish,” she smiles.
Baltimore has been losing people for 60 years. To address this, its mayor, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, wants to make it the most immigrant-friendly city in the world. Its libraries provide Spanish-language exercise classes. To help those with no papers, the city is introducing micro-loans (小额贷款) which require
no credit checks; city police would no longer routinely check the immigration status of citizens or enforce any federal immigration law unless required to. The then governor, Martin O'Malley made it possible for illegal immigrants to get driving licenses.
Such welcoming policies are spreading. Such cities as Cleveland, Dayton and Philadelphia all eagerly try to please immigrants. Rick Snyder, the governor of Michigan, has asked the federal government to offer 50,000 visas to people who agree to live in Detroit. His administration has made it easier for skilled migrants to get professional licenses.
When a city’s population falls, both tax receipts and services fall. Half-deserted neighborhoods breed (滋生) crime, driving yet more people to leave. No city has escaped this death circle without attracting new residents, says Steve Tobocman of Global Detroit.
Several studies suggest that when immigrants arrive, crime goes down, schools improve and shops open up. In Detroit, immigrants living near the tiny separate city of Hamtramck have formed local watches to guard against thieves. Their neighborhoods are not just safer; they are also among the only places where it is as easy to buy fresh vegetables as drugs and alcohol.
But attracting new immigrants to the cities which most need them is hard, argues Audrey Singer of the Brookings Institution. They care about the same things as everyone else: safe streets, good schools and jobs. Cities which have lost population for decades struggle with all of these.
4.What does the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Account for.
B. Deal with.
C. Get rid of.
D. Take away from.
5.What may happen when a half-deserted city makes efforts to attract new residents?
A. Credit card checks will be stricter.
B. Immigrants’ identity will be protected.
C. The public services will get worse.
D. The crime rate will decline.
6.Which of the following statements may Audrey Singer agree with?
A. Attracting immigrants to such cities as Detroit is demanding.
B. Immigrants have higher expectations of a city than its locals.
C. There is no need to encourage such immigrant-friendly policies.
D. Attracting immigrants helps prevent a city from losing population.
C
Babies made from three people approved in UK
Babies made from two women and one man have been approved by the UK's fertility regulator. The historic and controversial move is to prevent children being born with deadly genetic diseases.
Doctors in Newcastle - who developed the advanced form of In Vitro Fertilization or IVF (人工授精) - are expected to be the first to offer the procedure and have already appealed for donor eggs. The first such child could be born, at the earliest, by the end of 2017.
Some families have lost multiple children to incurable mitochondrial (线粒体的) diseases, which can leave people with insufficient energy to keep their heart beating.
The diseases are passed down from only the mother so a technique using a donor egg as well as the mother's egg and father's sperm has been developed.
The resulting child has a tiny amount of their DNA from the donor, but the procedure is legal and reviews say it is ethical (伦理的) and scientifically ready.
"It is a decision of historic importance," said Sally Cheshire, chairwoman of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA)."I'm sure patients will be really pleased by what we've decided today."
But some scientists have questioned the ethics of the technique, saying it could open the door to genetically-modified(转基因) 'designer' babies.
The HFEA must approve every clinic and every patient before the procedure can take place. Three-person babies have been allowed only in cases where the risk of a child developing mitochondrial disease is very high.
Prof Mary Herbert, from the Newcastle Fertility Centre, said: "It is enormously pleasing that our many years of research in this area can finally be applied to help families affected by these devastating diseases.
"Now that that we are moving forward towards clinical treatments, we will also need donors to donate eggs for use in treatment to prevent affected women transmitting disease to their children."
Prof Sir Doug Turnbull, the director of the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research at Newcastle University, said: "We are delighted by today's decision. We will also provide long-term follow up of any children born."
NHS England has agreed to fund the treatment costs of the first trial of three-person IVF for those women who meet the HFEA criteria, as long as they agree to long-term follow up of their children after they are born.
7.Why is it historically important to approve babies made from three people?
A. It helps couples who lose the ability to give birth to a baby.
B. It stops deadly genetic diseases passing down to newly-born babies.
C. It marks a foundation stone to change babies’s appearances before birth.
D. It turns out to be an advanced form of In Vitro Fertilization.
8.Which of the followings is TRUE about mitochondrial diseases?
A. They prevent people’s heart from functioning normally.
B. They pass down on to babies from their parents.
C. Some children infected can be cured with proper treatment.
D. Babies can be infected with them through a donor’s egg.
9.How can a clinic or a patient be approved of applying the three-person baby technique?
A. Only when the clinic gets scientifically ready.
B. Only when the patient gets financially prepared.
C. Only when the baby to be born needs it to survive.
D. Only when the technique is ethnically accepted.
10.What is the author’s attitude towards the approval of babies made from three people?
A. Supportive
B. Indifferent
C. Objective
D. Worried
二．
A
Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement, like on the royal tour of Canada, or poses(摆姿势) for official photographs, there’s one thing about the little royal that has long confused royal watchers: the fact that he only ever wears shorts.
According to William Hanson, an etiquette(礼仪) expert, there is a very good reason for this---and it has nothing to do with fashion, but rather royal tradition.
“It’s a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts,” William Hanson said. “Trousers are for older boys and men, whereas shorts on young boys is one of those silent British class markers that we have in England. Although times are slowly changing, a pair of trousers on a young boy is considered quite middle class---quite suburban. No self-respecting royal would want to be considered suburban. Even the Duchess of Cambridge.”
The tradition can be traced back through the royal family, with both Princes William and Harry regularly seen wearing shorts until they were considered old enough to progress to full-length trousers.
“The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old,”William added. “This is, historically, perhaps due to the practice of ‘breeching’, which dates back to the sixteenth century. A newborn boy would be dressed in a gown for their first year or two and then he was ‘breeched’ and wore articles of clothing tha t more resembled shorts or trousers than dresses.”
Ultimately, he concluded, in the case of William and Kate, the decision to dress George in shorts is more likely down to tradition than a class issue.
“The modern habit of upper class families choosing to dress their boys in shorts will deliberately hark
back to(使人想起) a bygone age,” he said. “The British upper set are always keen to hold on to tradition, and this one also silently marks them out from ‘the rest’.”
21. Why does Prince George only wear shorts?
A. Prince George loves shorts.
B. Prince George loves sports.
C. Shorts are a sign of fashion.
D. Wearing shorts is a royal practice.
22. Which of the following words best describe Prince George’s wearing shorts?
A. Reasonable.
B. Practical.
C. Traditional.
D. Fashionable.
23. Why do William and Kate dress Prince George in shorts?
A. They want to hold on to tradition.
B. They want to keep to royal fashion.
C. They want to train him to keep out the cold.
D. They want to ignore their social position.
B
At 23, my career got going. I was midway through a master’s degree at The London School of Economics and Political Science and had been hired as a part-time reporter for a finance website. I got a great one-month review and my boss asked if I was interested in staying with the company after graduation.
However, balancing graduate studies with work was challenging. To deal with it, I checked my real self at my office door. I came in to work, greeted my colleagues and listened more than I contributed in each morning meeting. The small team I worked with often seemed busy, so rather than giving ideas that might get turned down, I stayed back.
After four months, my boss called me into his office. The meeting was going well until he told me that
despite the great work I had produced, the team had held a meeting and decided, “We don’t think it’s the right fit.”
I must have looked confused. “You’re ambitious, intelligent and will be very successful,” my boss said. “But you haven’t made enough of an effort to join the team. You lost the enthusiasm you showed in your interview. That won’t work long term.” I couldn’t believe that performing well at my job wasn’t enough to keep it. But I knew my boss was right.
“Don’t leave before you leave.” Because we work so hard for success, we don’t like to think that we hurt ourselves sometimes. But each of us must change when necessary. In trying to earn a full time job, I “leaned back” in order not to show too much of myself or my lack of expertise. I learned the hard way isn’t the way to achieve your goals.
24. Why did the author write this article?
A. To amuse the readers.
B. To introduce her wisdom.
C. To share her work experience.
D. To land a full-time job.
25. What did the author mean by saying “I stayed back” in Paragraph 2?
A. She was no longer interested in the part-time job.
B. She was afraid to give her own ideas in her team.
C. She was active in expressing herself in her team.
D. She had no ideas to contribute in her team.
26. Why did her boss call her into his office one day four months later?
A. She didn’t produce the great work.
B. She cared little about other members in her team.
C. She was concerned only about her own success.
D. She didn’t show enough enthusiasm in teamwork.
27. What conclusion might the author draw from her work experience?
A. Not sharing enough during meetings could lead to being fired from your job.
B. Listening is more important than contributing in each morning meeting.
C. Getting along well with the other team members could help you keep to your job.
D. You must work so hard for your success that you don’t want to hurt yourself.
C
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”? Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?
Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello; E-mail, too, is slower than a text; V oice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated, he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mails?” my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
28. Why didn’t the author listen to his father’s voice mail messages?
A. He thought voice mail would waste his time.
B. He thought voice mail was an impolite way of trying to connect.
C. He thought voice mail was an important way of communication.
D. He thought his father left him too many voice mails.
29. What seems to be the author’s attitude toward texts?
A. Favorable.
B. Doubtful.
C. Reserved.
D. Disapproving.
30. What does the author suggest modern people do in communication?
A. Learn from the old generation.
B. Ask once-acceptable questions.
C. Respond with a thank-you email.
D. Consider their audience.
三．
A
A guide to Beijing museums on International Museum Day
International Museum Day falls on tomorrow. Have you planned a museum visit yet? With the theme of 6/Museums and Cultural Landscapes", there will be a series of activities to celebrate the day. 97 museums will open to the public for free on that day, and 91 theme activities will be held in Beijing. Here are some recommendations selected from those.
The Capital Museum
Time: May 18
Admission: Free
The museum will put forward a “Museum Night” event in cooperation with Beijing V olunteer Federation. Tomorrow night the museum will keep all its exhibition halls open and invite over 1000 volunteers from all walks of life to experience the night tour in the museum. Besides, the museum will also have interactive activities including bookmark making, and writing on bamboo slips.
Beijing Auto Museum
Time: May 18 to September
Admission: Free
A photography exhibition titled 6/Life on the wheels" featuring auto culture in the US and China will kick off tomorrow in Beijing Auto Museum, as this year is the 6/Sino-US Tourism Year". The exhibition will present people's life on wheels in the 1950s' US and today's China, and explore the social changes brought by the booming auto industry.
National Art Museum of China
Time: May 18
Admission: Free
The museum plans to open from 18:00 t0 20:30 0n Wednesday with a night tour available for visitors. The seven current exhibitions will be on and audiences can gain knowledge of the development of Chinese modern art.
Beijing Art Museum
Time: 9:15 - 11:00, May 18
Admission: Free
The museum will have a lecture on the museum day and experts will be invited to introduce highlights from its current exhibition featuring artifacts from Ming and Qing dynasties, which will be a great opportunity to know more about the exhibition. The museum will be free tomorrow for visitors to enjoy all its exhibitions.
21. The theme activities are to_______.
A. raise the public's awareness of cultural heritages
B. celebrate the opening of some museums to the public
C. mark International Museum Day
D. attract tourists to visit the four museums
22. Visitors can learn about antiques from specialists in .
A. The Capital Museum
B. Beijing Art Museum
C. Beijing Auto Museum
D. National Art Museum of China
23. What do the four museums have in common?
A. The exhibitions are all about Chinese cultures and arts.
B. Visitors are likely to enjoy night tour in each museum.
C. All the museums will open to the public for only one day.
D. Tourists can go there without buying tickets on May 18.
B
We're living in a time when a seemingly endless number of devices are demanding our attention while claiming to make our lives better and easier. However, this overpowering presence of technology actually makes it harder than ever to achieve a healthy balance of connectivity and disconnection-certainly harder than it was a generation ago.
“There are no contemplative(沉思的,冥想的) times that are built into our day like they used to be," Wisdom 2. 0 Conference founder Gordhamer told Anderson Cooper in a mindfulness-themed 60 Minutes broadcast on Sunday night. “When I was a kid, my dad came home at 5, and I don't remember him getting work calls or checking his emails-we didn't have email. There were naturally built-in contemplative moments. That doesn't exist anymore. "
During this segment of the show, Cooper led a discussion with Gordhamer, Friedman, Carl and Fernandez about the challenges of making time for pauses and contemplative moments in our technology-saturated(技术渗透的) lives. The broadcast also featured a crew of outstanding mindfulness figures from famous American universities and corporations, including Dr. Judson Brewer from the University of Massachusetts and the founder of mindfulness-based stress reduction Jon Kabat-Zinn.
“What people are realizing is that constant connectivity is great for part of the day, but if you do it in your entire day, you're more stressed, you can't sleep, you're less present with your kids," said Gordhamer. “They're hungry for some way to say, but I need time for myself and I need time for some kind of contemplative space in my day. "
24. What does the underlined word 6/devices" in Paragraph l probably refer to?
A. High-tech products.
B. Chances.
C. Pressures.
D. Communications.
25. prevents us from pauses and contemplative moments in our lives.
A. The decrease of contemplative moments
B. The update of app softwares
C. The irresistible attraction of technology
D. The invention of smart phones
26. What seems to be Gordhamer's tone when he is describing the past life?
A. Desirable.
B. Negative.
C. Uncompromising.
D. Sharp.
C
Originally from Trinidad, Chitra was raised in the Hindu faith and, aged 18, was expected to accept her family's proposed suitor and begin an arranged marriage. When Chitra was informed she would have to give up her own career dreams, she refused to see any more potential husbands. Headstrong in her determination to be independent, she moved in 1963, unmarried, to Clapham London to pursue her teacher training qualifications.
At the age of 29, Chitra was finally well and truly overcome by the "good looking fellow" she met on a London bound train. Back then it wasn't a simple matter of exchanging mobile numbers and their early courtship(求爱) is a list of forgotten meeting places, as well as a wrongly addressed postcard that could well have ended their romance before it began. Chitra had all but given up when they did finally manage to get together; Ron turned up unannounced at Peckham Girls School, where Chitra was working. But his random arrival set a few tongues wagging! The rest is, as they say, history.
After a short romance of just three months, Chitra and Ron were married, enjoying two separate ceremonies on two separate days, which gave Ron the problem of having two wedding anniversaries to remember !
Chitra is one of the 14 subjects of the 6Love Lived'-a debut exhibition from Holly Wren in association with charity Contact the Elderly, which is set to run until mid-summer. Each of the 14 subjects of the exhibition, which is free to attend, is over the age of 70. Contact the Elderly, the charity partner for the exhibition, has been organizing tea parties throughout the UK for people aged 75 0r over who live alone since 1965.
The charity's whole approach is about fighting loneliness among isolated older people such as Jim, Iris and Chitra, who all share their stories as part of Love Lived. The exhibition is on display at the First and Second Floor Lobbies, The Broadgate Tower, London, EC2A 2EW from 10th January 2016 to l0th June 2016.
27. Chitra left her hometown in order to .
A. meet her future boyfriend
B. continue her career dream
C. end her arranged marriage
D. avoid her potential husbands
28. What can we learn about Chitra and Ron from Paragraph 2?
A. Their fairy-tale romance story came close to an end.
B. A wrongly addressed postcard made their acquaintance.
C. Their love story won universal supports in their community.
D. Chitra was uncomfortable with her wedding anniversaries.
29. The main purpose of the exhibition organized by Holly Wren and Contact the Elderly is .
A. to offer material assistance to the people fighting loneliness
B. to provide free tickets for isolated people aged 75 or over
C. to relieve the loneliness problem older people are suffering
D. to strongly appeal to older people to share their love stories
30. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Chitra and Ron Eventually Got Married after Many Hardships
B. Charity Date Show Is Being Arranged for Lonely Older People
C. Brave Girl Ambitiously Continued to Pursue Her Career Dream
D. Beautiful Love Stories Are Shown in a Photographic Exhibition
四．
A
Win Wiggles Tickets !
The Wiggles" Racing to the Rainbow" Tour
Enter to win. Please read all contest rules listed below. Three winners will be chosen for the 3: 00 pm showing and three other winners will he chosen for the 6: 30 pm showing. Each winner will receive four tickets.
Contest rules:
★The winners must agree to have their names and/or photos published onsite.
★ A The contest is open for anyone 18 years of age and older. One winner per family. Prizes are nontransferable (不可转让的),
★This contest excludes (排除) Herald-Standard employees and members of their immediate households.
★The contest will begin on September 15, 2016 and conclude with a random drawing on October 15 , 2016. Winners must pick up tickets at the Herald-Standard office in Uniontown PA and be able to produce valid ID.
★Entries will also be accepted via mail. Please send a postcard to Herald-Standard c/o how you.spinit. com Wiggles Tickets 8-18 East Church Street, Uniontown, PA 15401-with the following information included for valid entry: name, address, daytime phone number, email address, and age.
NOTE:
howyouspinit. com is not responsible for prize quality or use and is not responsible for:
★Any late, lost, misrouted or damaged transmissions or entries;
★Telephone , electronic ,hardware , software , network. Internet, or other computer-or communications- related failures;
★Any promotion injuries, losses or damages caused by events beyond the control of sponsor; Any printing or spelling errors in any materials connected with the promotion.
Online entries will be accepted via email. Please include" Wiggles Tickets" in the subject line of the email. The body of the email must include your name, address, daytime phone number, email address, and age.
ENTER NOW !
21. How many tickets for the 3: 00 pm showing will all the winners get in all?
A. Three.
B. Six.
C. Twelve.
D. Twenty-four.
22. According to the text, the winner _____.
A. must be a couple
B. must have valid ID
C. must be under 18 years old D, must be with Herald-Standard
23. Winners will get their tickets ____________.
A. by mail
B. by email
C. by making a call
D. by visiting there
B
I decided a few months ago that I was going to treat myself to a 4-day getaway from Los Angeles and visit Chicago. I turned in some long-saved frequent flier miles for the airplane ticket, but had to shell out (花大笔钱) cash I really couldn’t afford for the hotel. I found a travel website where a discounted promotional 3-night stay was purchased from a recently-opened hotel.
About three weeks before the trip, l had to regretfully cancel and only then realized the room, while transferable to another person , couldn’t be changed to a later date and wasn’t refundable (可退还的) . My effort for the next two weeks to sell it on Craigslist was a fiasco. Five days before the" big weekend" I gave up trying to spend any money and decided I' d
contact some acquaintances who live in Chicago and offer someone a free" staycation", After trying a handful of people all of whom already had their own plans, I was determined to have the room not go to waste.
That's when it suddenly occurred to me that I was looking at the room in the wrong way. Instead of viewing it for vacation purposes, surely there must be a way to put it to good use and that was when the idea that some sort of shelter might be able to use it hit me. I finally found one whose focus is aiding victims of domestic violence. This particular one was willing to listen to my out-of-left-field story and made the transfer of the room convenient. The shelter was working with a desperate woman and her young daughter, who were fortunately able to make use of the room.
24. The author purchased a 3-night stay from a newly-opened hotel ________ .
A. to act as a promoter
B. to experience e-business
C. to get a free air ticket
D. to save some money
25. The room the author booked could only be _________.
A. cancelled within 24 hours
B. changed to a later date
C. returned half of the money
D. transferred to another person
26. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Joke.
B. Failure.
C. Blessing.
D. Mystery.
C
When I heard the piano, I walked to Mrs. Windsor's house and waited outside as I always did. That meant she was working with another student, and I was not supposed to bother them by ringing the bell. I stood against the wall and daydreamed what I' d rather be doing. "Almost anything", I sighed dejectedly. I had been tutored enough to read, understand, and even write some musical compositions, but I just didn't have a gift for it. It didn’t come to me naturally. I thought back to happier times when I was writing stories and acting them out with my friends, cutting up old clothes to make dresses that performers wear in plays, and building scenery out of old things we found. But Mrs. Windsor had offered to give me the lessons for free, so I felt my duty to try.
The door opened and Wendy Barton came out. I walked in, sat down on the piano bench and began to sort through my sheet music.
"Hello," I heard a voice behind me say softly, I turned around to see a little girl standing behind me, eating an apple. But before I could make any response, Mrs. Windsor walked into the room in her usual urgent manner and announced," Jennifer, this is my niece, Pasha. Pasha, this is Jennifer. Pasha will be giving you your lesson today. I'm up to my ears in something else!" she then exited to the kitchen.。