2019年高考全国卷 I 阅读真题

2019年⾼考全国卷I ——讨⾼喜欢的好处The Benefits of Being Likable
During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls
and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.
在美好的⼩学时光中，我喜欢和别⼩分享⼩⼩的玩具和笑话，这让我⼩直保持很⼩的社交
地位。

I was the queen of the playground.
我曾经是操场上的⼩王。

Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
接着我迎来了⼩少年时期，随之⼩来的还有刻薄的⼩⼩和酷⼩孩们。

They rose in the ranks not by being friendly, but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules, and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
他们在受欢迎的⼩列中排名上升，不是因为友善，⼩是靠吸烟、违规、在别⼩身上搞恶
作剧，不久后，我也成了被戏弄的对象。

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology .
受⼩欢迎是⼩个在社会⼩理学中被充分讨论过的主题。

Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology , sorts the popular
into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.
⼩契·普⼩斯顿是临床⼩理学的⼩名教授，他把受欢迎分成两种类别：讨⼩喜欢者和地位寻
求者。

The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills, and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
讨⼩喜欢者拥有和别⼩打成⼩⼩的特质，这种特质能巩固校园友谊、助推⼩际沟通的
技能，如果被发掘得早，还可以运⼩于以后的⼩活和⼩作中。

Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
然后，还有⼩种在⼩春期出现的受欢迎：从权⼩甚⼩是不光彩的⼩为中滋⼩的地位。

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences.
酷⼩孩们可能看起来是令⼩羡慕的，但普⼩斯顿博⼩的研究显示了⼩些令⼩不悦的后果。

Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are "most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior."
那些在⼩中地位最⼩的和在⼩学⼩不受欢迎的孩⼩们是“最可能参与危险⼩为”的⼩。

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked, and the highest in status based on student surveys.
在⼩项研究中，普⼩斯顿博⼩在235位⼩少年中检测了这两种类型的受欢迎，根据在学
⼩中的调查，按照得分，分为最不受欢迎、最受欢迎和地位最⼩的。

"We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.
“我们发现随着时间的流逝，最不受欢迎的⼩少年在对待同学时变得更加挑衅。

But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
但那些处于⼩地位的⼩少年也是如此。

研究清楚地显示虽然受⼩喜爱能够促进⼩些健康的调整，但⼩地位对我们有恰恰相反的作⼩。

”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date —sharing, kindness, openness —carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
普⼩斯顿博⼩还发现了让邻居愿意让你参加游戏约会的品质——分享、善良、开放，这些品质在以后的⼩⼩会保持下去，并且能够让你更好地和他⼩交往。

In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: 通过分析⼩⼩的和其他⼩些研究，普⼩斯顿博⼩得出了另⼩个结论：
Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
受⼩喜爱的程度不仅和积极的⼩⼩结果相关，甚⼩就是这些结果的原因。

"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage," he said.
“受⼩喜爱创造了学习以及体验新的⼩⼩经历的机会，这能帮助⼩们受益，” 他说。