外研版选修6Module6WarandPeaceGrammar虚拟语气(全)

3.I didn’t take a taxi, for it is five minutes’ walk.
If it___w_e_r_e_n_’t_ five minutes’ walk, I _w__o_u_ld__h_a_v_e_t_a_k_e_n_ a taxi
3.表示与
if 从 句
主句
将来
主句
would do sth should/could/might
would have done sth should/could/might
3.与将来事实相反
did /were
should do sth were to do sth
would do sth should/could/might
注: 虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were，不用was
(have) a good time together.
• 3.半虚拟（but）
I
you more help if I had
time,but I was too busy.
• 半真半假 连词but 正悖逆
Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he__w__a_s__(be)busy We__w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__st_u_d_i_e_d_(study) last night, but we went to the cinema instead.
• If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
• (2) I didn't have your telephone number, otherwise/or I__w_o_u_l_d__h_a_v_e__c_a_l_l_e_d__you back.
二、 should类虚拟语气 （宾语从句和表语从句主语从句
中）
主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。
1. 宾语从句。常见动词： 一坚持:insist 两命令:order, command 三建议:advise, suggest, propose (recommend ) 四要求: demand , require, request, (desire) ask
• 表示“坚持说”时不虚拟，“坚持做，坚持要求”时虚拟 I insist that you __sh_o_u__ld_n_’__t_s_m__o_k_e_(smoke)here.
• He insisted that he h_a_d__n_e_v_e_r_s_t_o_le_n_(never steal)the money.
注“if”虚拟语气倒装情势的使用： 如果“if”从句中含有 “had ，should 或were ”时, 则可 省 略连词“if ”，而把“had ，should 或were ” 移至主 语之前构成倒装
• (1) If I were you, I would not let her go.
__W___e_r_e__ I you, I would not let her go. • (2) If they had helped us, we would not have
做题时注意：动词的情势根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 一分为二，先找时间再判断时态。
• 2.含蓄条件虚拟句
• 句中含有with, without, but for, or, otherwise, or else等，虽然没有出现if，但表示的是if的含义。
• (1) Without your help, I w_o_u_l_d_n_’__t__h_a_v_e__p_a_s_sed (pass)the exam.
如果我们能做得更好。
虚拟语气
Ｉ.概念: 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊情势，用来表示所说 的话不是事实，或者是不可能产生或可能性很 小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气 叫虚拟语气。
II.英语动词有三种语气 陈说语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.
III.虚拟语气的特点：
用于条件状语从句，名词性从句(主语从句、宾语 从句、 表语从句、同位语从句) 以及其他特殊句型中。
习题呈现
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：
1.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所 产生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件 句”，动词的情势要根据它所表示的时间做出 相应的调整。 （会有明显时间标志词）
If you_h_a_d_f_o_ll_o_w_e_d__(follow) my advice just now, you ___w_o_u_l_d_b_e___(be)better now. If you___h_a_d__st_u_d_i_e_d___(study) hard before, you_w__o_u_ld__b_e__(be) a college student now.
better organized , otherwise they _
w__o_u_l_d__h_a_v_e__a_c_c_o__m_p__li_s_h_e_d_ (accomplish)
the task in half the time.
2.(202X.江苏卷) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we __w_o__u_ld__h_a__v_e_h__a_d_
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用 法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。
• 一头一尾两特殊
• insist demand require/request/recommend order propose command advise prefer suggest insist 坚持：虚拟语气
1.表示与现在 事实相反
if 从 句
动词过去式 did （be用were）
主句
would (should, could, might)＋动词原形
1.I don’t have a car and I’m not happy. If I __h_a_d___(have)a car, I __w_o__u_ld__b_e__(be)very happy
• suggest 建议：虚拟语气 • 暗示，表明：不用虚拟语气=indicate • I suggest that we_(_s_h_o_u_l_d_) _g_o (go)to the party together.
• The smile on her face suggested that she _w__a_s_(be)satisfied with my work.
If we had trained harder,
如果我们训练的更刻苦，
If we hadn’t taken it easy,如果我们没有放松警惕，
If we hadn’t run out of energy,
如果我们没有筋疲力尽，
We would have won…
我们本来会夺冠，
If we’d been better
2.He didn’t come ten minutes earlier. So he didn’t see the famous film star.
If he had come ten minutes earlier, he could have met that famous film star.
failed it.
• _H__a__d___they helped us, we would not have failed it.
• (3) If they should come tomorrow, we would finish it.
• _S__h_o__u_l_d_ they come tomorrow, we would finish it.
动词过去式did( be用were)
事实相反
should ＋ do
或were to ＋ do
would (should, could, might) ＋动词原形
1.I’m not twenty years old, so I won’t take the computer
course.
If I were twenty years old, I would take the course of computer.
• If I had had your number, I would have called you back.
• (3) He paid off my debt, or I w_o_u_l_d__b_e dead now.
高考链接
1.(202X.天津卷) The workers were not
A“)sshuogugleds”t类(建议) that sb (should )do sth
insist The teacher suggested that the work order __b_e_f_in_i_s_h_e_d_(finish) ……. command require The expression on his face suggested that request he __w_a_s__(be) unhappy. demand She insisted that her answer_w_a_s_（be）right.
2.I’m not a bird. I can’t fly. If I __w_e_r_e___(be)a bird, I_c_o_u_l_d_f_ly__(fly)
3.He doesn’t take his teacher’s advice. He doesn’t pass the exam. If he ___to__o_k__(take)his teacher’s advice, he__m__i_g_h_t _p_a_s_s_ the exam.
2.I won’t do so. Of course he won’t feel surprised.
If I did
so, she would feel very surprised
should do
•
were to do
3----.He says he XXX not come.
-----If he _s_h_o_u_ld_c_o_m__e__, what __w_o_u_ld__we _d_o_ (do) ?
Enjoy a poem
Our first football match
我们的第一场足球赛
We would have won…
我们本来会夺冠…
If Jack had scored that goal
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
If we’d had just a few more minutes, 如果我们还有几分钟，
虚拟语气考点
一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 ① 错综时间条件句 ② if省略句 ③ 含蓄条件虚拟句 ④半虚拟 二、should类虚拟语气 三、wish, as if/though 四、虚拟语气固定句型
一、非真实条件句
1.与现在事实相反
If 条件从句
did /were
2.与过去事实相反 had done
2.表示与过去 事实相反
if 从 句 had ＋过去分词
主句
would (should, could, might) ＋have＋done
1.I didn’t know her telephone number and I didn’t call her. If I had known her telephone number, Iwould have calledher.
Subjunctive Mood
Learning objectives
1. To master the usage of subjunctive mood. 2. To learn to analyze sentences with
subjunctive mood and use it skillfully in writing. 3. To increase the awareness of appreciating different sentences.