基于专利共被引矩阵的物联网技术分析

基于专利共被引矩阵的物联网技术分析
摘要：物联网产业被称为继计算机和互联网之后，世界信息产业的第三次浪潮，代表着当前和今后相当一段时间内信息网络的发展方向。

然而，我们也必须看到，物联网产业在蓬勃发展的同时也逐渐暴露出了一些问题，如社会各方更多地将注意力集中于物联网概念而轻视其实际应用。

基于此，本文借助统计分析方法，对部分企业物联网专利申请情况进行统计，通过专利共被引矩阵、系统聚类分析，进一步明显物联网技术发展现状。

关键词：物联网技术专利共被引聚类分析
为了更好地反映物联网产业发展的趋势以及确定物联网关键技术，本课题借助专利数据挖掘方法，对全球物联网产业相关专利技术进行统计分析。

1 专利检索
目前，世界主要发达国家和地区都建立了比较完善的专利数据库，比如德温特（Derwent，全球最权威专利文献出版机构）、德国专利和商标局专利数据库、美国专利局（USPTO）、欧洲专利局专利数据库（ESP）、世界知识产权组织专利数据库（WIPO）、日本PAJ数据库以及中国CNIPR数据库等。

为了便于统计分析，本文选取较为权威的Derwent专利数据库作为专利采集来源。

物联网技术主要有感知、传输和处理三个环节构成，其中感知是数据
感知与采集、传输是数据传输，处理则是无线组网与信息处理反馈。

本文在阅读核心期刊文献的基础上，确定物联网专利检索关键词：传感（sensor，transducer，detector），射频技术（RFID），微机电系统（mems），标签（label，tag，tab），读写器（reader），二维码（2d barcode），定位技术（GPS，location，global positioning system），分布式自组网（ad-hoc，mesh），超宽带（ultrawideband，uwb），无线usb（wusb），蓝牙（bluetooth），无线局域网（wireless man，wman），近距离无线通信（near field communication，nfc），物联网（internet of things，iot， ubiquitous），传感网（sensor network）无线传感器网络（wsn），拓扑组网（topology+，cluster+）。

同时，由于物联网技术的集成性，使得相关专利权人非常多，这就给专利共被引矩阵造成很大困难。

为此，本课题选取1976年以来物联网专利技术影响力较高、且比较典型的8家公司作为研究对象，这8家企业专利被引证率高，实际上也能够在一定程度反映物联网技术的发展趋势。

专利数据检索结果如表1所示。

2 专利共被引矩阵分析
专利共被引是指两项专利技术同时被后来的其他专利引用的情况。

例如，A、B两项专利都被专利C引用，则可认为专利A和B之间存在共被引关系，这种关系通常被认为是两项技术在理论或方法的表现。

通常而言，专利共被引次数多，意味着此项技术较为关键。

本课题以上述8位专利权人（8家企业）作为共被引分析的主体，对其专利被引证信息进行统计并相互对比找出共被引信息，建立共被引矩
阵。

但是，共被引矩阵对角线上的数值代表企业自引的频次，其他数值代表8家企业专利共同被引证的频次。

同时，共被引频次仅能代表两家企业之间专利被共同引用的绝对值，并不能反映相关联情况，因此，需将共被引矩阵数值转化为无量纲相关系。

本文采用国内外学者们惯用的方法，将共被引矩阵转化为Pearson相关矩阵。

首先，应用SPSS-Statistics统计分析软件中的Pearson相关系数进行双变量相关性分析，最终得到表2。

3 聚类分析
为了更好地对物联网发展趋势进行分析，本课题借助SPSS-Statistics统计分析软件，用系统聚类方法对专利共被引矩阵进行聚类分析。

将数据输入软件，得到聚类结果。

从聚类分析结果可以看出，8家企业被分为两个类别：一类是施乐、西门子、柯达公司，以图像采集、定位和处理专利技术为主；二类是镁光科技、IBM、松下电工、摩托罗拉、惠普、东芝，主要专利技术是中间件、通信网络和物联网系统集成。

参考文献：
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[2]http：///external/portal/pair.
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作者简介：
黄新谋（1984-），男，福建莆田人，讲师，硕士，主要研究方向：物流与供应链管理。