2020年高考英语精选考点专题07 定语从句(解析版)

江 天 是一个定 ，
北 是”
天 的
江
专题 07 定语从句
I.单项填空
1.【2019· 苏】 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which
B. what
C. when
D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。

句中先行
词为 an age （一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用 when 。

故选 C 。

2.【2019· 津】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full senten
A. why
C. which
B. where
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。

句中she can say
individual words but not full sentences 语从句，先行词是 the stage 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，
用关系副词 where ，故选 B 。

3.【2018· 京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。

“____ helps them
keep fit 非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词 which
引导。

A 选项正确。

4.【2018· 津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
A. whom
C. whose
B. that
D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。

句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。

我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共
住一室。

分析句子，句中先行词为 Kate ，在非限定性定语从句中作名词 sister 定语，故用关系代词 whose 。

故选 C 。

5.【2018· 苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same start
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。

句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。

故选B。

6.【2017·北京卷】31.The little problems______we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A.that
B.as
C.where
D.when
【答案】A
试题分析：A.that那个B.as因为C.where哪里 D.when什么时候。

句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。

此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是p roblems，用that。

考点：考查定语从句。

7.【2017·江苏】28.In1963the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_______purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.which
B.it’s
C.whose
D.whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。

句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。

8.【2017·天津】9.My eldest son,_______work takes him all over the world,is in New Y ork at the mome n t.
A.that
B.whose
C.his
D.who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。

本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son,根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词做定语，意为：...的...。

故选B。

10.【2016·北京】22.I live next door to a couple________children o ften mak e a lot of noise.
A.whose
B.why
C.where
D.which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。

a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。

11.【2016·江苏】23.Many y oung people,most______were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which
B.of them
C.of whom
D.of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

本题定语从句的先行词是Many y oung people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。

句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。

故C正确。

12.【2016·天津】9.W e will put off the picnic in the park until next week,____the weather may be better.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。

使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。

故选D。

13.【2016·浙江】11.Scientists have adv anced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of______ has been proved.
A.whom
B.which
C.what
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。

使用
定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。

故选B。

14.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as it must have done100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A.as
B.where
C.that
D.which
【答案】D
【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。

As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。

句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。

故选D
15.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。

这是一个定语从句。

先行词是St. Paul’s Church从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状
，
语。

用where。

故选D。

16.【2015·重庆】14.He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of____were published in the1990s.
A.whom
B.which
C.them
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。

先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。

17.【2015·浙江】19.Creating an atmospher e employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A.as
B.whose
C.in which
D.at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。

这是一个定语从句，in the atmosp her e “在氛围中”是一个固定搭配。

此处也可以是where.分析句子结构和结合四个选项，知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。

然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。

然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构（有了主语employees和宾语p art of a team）所以这应该是需要一个充当状语的连词，如where,when, why.由于when用于时间，Why用于原因，剩下的使用where，所以这里填where。

但是答案没有这个选项，根据搭配介词+which=where及in atmosp he r e是固定搭配，不难得出答案。

18.【2015·天津】15The boss of the comp any is trying to create an easy atmospher e______his employees enjoy
their work.
A.where
B.which
C.when
D.who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。

句中先行词为atmosp he r e，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。

根据句意可知选A。

19.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
A．which B.what C.whose D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。

句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。

20.【2015·陕西】15.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A.which
B.where
C.whom
D.when
【答案】D
1. 【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex 总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。

这里使用定语从句，先行词是
the time ，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词 when ，所以选 D 。

II.语法填空
【2019· 新课标 II 卷· 语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield ，
___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop ，在非限制性定语从句中作 opened
一词的宾语，故用 which 。

2.【2019· 新课标 III 卷· 语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with
caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。

先行词为 masters （主人），且从句缺主语。

故关系词填 who 。

3.【2019· 浙江卷· 语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。

这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是 cloth ，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用
that 或 which 引导。

故填 that/which 。

4.【2019· 北京卷· 语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are th ose ___9___ are totally e ng age d(参
与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。

___3___ are totally
e ng age d(参与)in academic life. 是定语从句，修饰先行词 those ，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填 who 或
that 。

5. 【2018· 全国 I 】T wo of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a me r e
five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that \which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。

此处 a study 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which 。

6. 【2018· 全国 II 】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that be tw e en 2005—when the gove rnmen t started a
soil-testing p r og ram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use
dropped by 7.7 million tons.
( 【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。

根据空后的谓语动词 g ives 可知，该空缺少主语，指代 pr og ram 并且引导后
面的句子。

指物用 that/which ，故填 that 或者 which 。

7. 【2018· 浙江卷】Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。

句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词
who/that 引导，故填 who/that 。

8.[2017· 全国卷Ⅰ]
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。

分析句子结构可知 which is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，
先行词为前文中的 to have too mu ch of both ，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。

故填 which 。

9.[2017· 全国卷Ⅲ]
But Sarah, 64.________ has tak en p art in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well
as beauty .
【答案】 who
【解析】考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词 Sarah, 在
从句中作主语，故填 who 。

10.[2017· 浙江卷 6 月考]
P ahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spr ead over
the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally spr outed 生长) thr ough it.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。

此处先行词是 the g ar den ，在从句中充当地点状语，故填 where 。

11.【2016· 全国新课标 I 】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first
W estern TV reporter p ermitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。

后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when 。

12.(2015· 江苏,21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year .
【答案】as
【解析】as在此处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,代替整个主句的内容。

13.(2015·湖南,29)It is a truly delightful place,looks the same as it mu st have done100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
【答案】which
【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语。

14.(2015·浙江,19)Creating an atmosp h er e in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词为atmosphere,在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语,此处in which相当于where。

15.(2015·重庆,14)He wrote many children s books,nearly half of were published in the1990s.
【答案】which
【解析】根据句子结构可知,此处考查非限制性定语从句。

关系代词which指代前面的books,作介词of的宾语。

16.(2015·四川,3)The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
【答案】whose
【解析】先行词为books,和covers之间是逻辑上的所属关系,故用关系代词whose。

17.(2015·安徽,28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词表示物,故用关系代词which充当介词upon的宾语。

18.(2015·福建,34)China T oday attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是前面的整个主句,空格处在从句中作主语,故用which。

19.(2015·全国Ⅰ,64)I d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【答案】that/which
【解析】先行词指物,空格处在从句中作主语,故用that或which。

20.(2014·全国Ⅰ,67)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.
【答案】that/which
【解析】先行词指物,空格处在从句中作主语,故用that或which。

21.(2014·安徽,22)The exact year Angela and her family spent t ogether in China was2008.
【答案】which/that/不填
【解析】先行词是year,空格处在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物,故用which,也可用that或省略。

22.(2014·山东,10)A comp any profits from home mark ets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.【答案】whose
【解析】先行词comp any和profits是逻辑上的所属关系。

故用关系代词whose引导定语从句且在句中作定语修饰profits。

23.(2014·重庆,9)We ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.
【答案】which/that/不填
【解析】先行词targets在逻辑上是set的宾语,故用关系代词which或that,也可以省略。

24.(2014·四川,4)Until now,we have raised50,000pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.【答案】which
【解析】先行词是前面的整个主句,空格处在从句中作主语,故用which。

25.(2014·陕西,13)Please se nd us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.【答案】th at/不填
【解析】先行词information在定语从句中充当have的逻辑宾语,前面又有all修饰,故只能用that而不用which,也可以省略that。

III.短文改错
1.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】O ne afternoon where
when
I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。

故将where改为when。

2.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】
In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment
what
that/which
is created for them.
【解析】本句考查定语从句。

先行词environment在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。

故把what改为that/which。

3.【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
【答案】They also had a small pond they raised fish.
【解析】
4.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
In their sp are time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their g ar den，that is on the roo ftop of their house.【答案】that改为which
【解析】考查定语从句。

该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用w hich。

5.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
Around me in this/the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:
【答案】they→that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。

分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。

从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。

6.【2016·四川】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite
【答案】what---that/which(或去掉what)
【解析】此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。

句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。

The dishes做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what---that/which(或去掉what)。

7.(2013·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge b e tw ee n lunch and dinner,that might not be served until8o’clock at night.
【答案】that→which
【解析】非限制性定语从句用which引导,而不用that。