06形容词和副词-2021年中考第二轮专项复习重难点突破(原卷版)

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2020 年中考专题(六)—形容词和副词
中考英语语法专项复习--形容词
考点一形容词的基本功能
一、语法功能
形容词修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

【巧学妙记】
形容词功能多,作表作定都许可。

作表放在系动后,构成系表的结构。

说明主语何特征、何种身份和状态。

作定放在名词前,修饰代词放后面。

【温馨提示】
(1)叙述性形容词(如ill,well,afraid,alive, alone,asleep, awake 等)一般只能用于系动词后作表语,不能作名词前定语。

(2)系表结构后接动词不定式结构。

例如:
I’m sorry to hear that. 听说那件事我很难过。

(3)the 加上某些形容词相当于名词,表示一类人或事物。

例如:
the old(老人,旧东西),the young(年轻人),the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the blind(盲人),the sick(病人),the new(新鲜的事物)
(4)多个形容词作定语时的排序
不少学生对如何排列形容词的词序颇感困惑。

在此,我们向同学们介绍一个简易的记忆方法。

请你记住“限观形龄颜国材”,如果这几个字不好记,你就记“县官行令宴国才”。

①There is a small old black wooden desk in my room.
在我的房间里有一个又小又旧的黑色木桌。

②His living room is decorated with a large green Chinese carpet.
他的起居室里装饰着绿色的中国的大地毯。

二、易混形容词辨析
1.以-ing 和-ed 结尾的分词形容词
(1)以-ing 结尾的形容词表示主动意义,一般修饰事物,表示事物的特征或性质,如interesting,surprising, exciting,frightening,amazing,worrying 等。

(2)以-ed 结尾的形容词表示被动意义,一般修饰人,表示人的感觉,常与介词in/about/at 等构成短语搭配,如interested,surprised,excited,frightened,amazed,worried 等。

例如:
①The story has a surprising end. Everyone is surprised at it.
这个故事有个令人惊奇的结尾。

人人都对它感到惊奇。

②—Why are you so interested in sports?
——你为什么对运动如此感兴趣?
—Because they keep me fit.
——因为它们能使我保持健康。

2.many/much/few/a few/little/a little
三、形容词原级用法
(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。

The pictures on the wall are nice. 墙上的图片很漂亮。

(2)有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite 等修饰时用形容词原级。

The man is very tall. 这个人很高。

(3)表示A 与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。

①肯定句中的结构:“A...+as+形容词原级+as+B”
English is as important as Chinese.
英语和语文一样重要。

②否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”
I am not so fast as lucy.我没有露西快。

③表示“A 是B 的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。

(两倍:t wice;三倍以上:数字+times)
Our school is three times as big as his.
我们学校是他学校的三倍。

This table is twice as long as that one.
这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。

④“half as+形容词原级+as”表示“……是……的一半”。

His apples are half as many as his sister's.
他的苹果是他妹妹的一半多。

四.形容词比较级用法
(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A...+比较级+than+B”。

The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.
这个包里的橘子比那个包里的橘子大。

(2)有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot, much,even,still,far,rather,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级。

It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin.
广东比吉林热得多。

(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。

Which book is newer,this one or that one?
哪本书更新一些,这本还是那本?
(4)表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。

He is two years younger than you. 他比你小两岁。

(5)表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。

Tom is the taller of the two boys.
汤姆是这两个男孩中最高的一个。

(6)表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

It's getting warmer_and_warmerin spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。

(7)表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+另一比较级”结构。

The_morewe get together, the_happierwe'll be.
我们越聚在一起就越高兴。

五.形容词最高级用法
(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示范围。

He is the youngest in our class.他是我们班年龄最小的。

Mary's handwriting is the best of the three girls.
玛丽的字在三个女孩中是最好的。

(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。

Who is the oldest,Mary,Nancy or Lily?
谁的年龄最大,玛丽,南希还是莉莉?
(3)表示“最……的……之一”时用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.
这支钢笔是最漂亮的钢笔之一。

(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
在中国,黄河是第二长河。

(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。

Tomorrow will be my busiest day.
明天将是我最忙碌的一天。

(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.
李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller_ than any other student in his class.
李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller_than the other students in his class.
李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class.
李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

六、常见名词转形容词
(a)在名词后面加-y 可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)
例如:rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的),salt(盐)—salty(咸的),silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的),sleep—sleepy(昏昏欲睡的)
注意:
1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加“-y”。

如:sun—sunny,fun—funny,fog—foggy(有雾的),fur—furry(毛皮的)
2)少数以不发音的e 结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e 再加“-y”。

如:noise—noisy,ice—icy,shine—shiny(发亮的),taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)
(b)名词后面加-ed,以e 结尾的直接加d。

例如:spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的);talent—talented(有天赋的)organize—organized有组织的;balance—balanced(平衡的)
(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful 可以变为形容词
例如:care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,meaning—meaningful (d)在名词后加-less 构成含有否定意义的形容词例
如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(无用的)
hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)
(e)一些以-ce 结尾的名词,把-ce 改为-t 变成形容词
例如:difference—different,silence—silent,confidence—confident
(f)在名词后加-ly 变为形容词
例如:friend—friendly,love—lovely,live---lively
(g)在名词后加-ous 变为形容词
例如:danger—dangerous
(h)名词后面加-al 变为形容词
例如:music—musical;medicine—medical (这个比较特殊)
(i)名词后面加-able 变为形容词,如果以e 结尾就去e 再加“-able”。

例如:adjust—adjustable 可调整的value—valuable 有价值的
(j)名词后面加-en 变成形容词
例如:wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的
(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese,-ish 或-n 构成表示国籍,语言的形容词
例如:China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,
America—American,India—Indian,Australia —Australian (注意Canada—Canadian)
中考英语语法专项--副词
1.副词
用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中可以作状语或表语,宾语补足语。

Please don't leave the room when I am away.
当我不在的时候请不要离开房间。

The radio says the clouds will lift quite_quickly.
收音机上说云将会很快散去。

注:可以用作表语的副词有:in,out,on,off,up,down,over,around。

2.副词的分类
副词一般分为以下几类:
(1)时间副词。

如:now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago 等。

(2)地点副词。

如:here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down,downstairs 等。

(3)方式副词。

如:hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly 等。

(4)程度副词。

如:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too 等。

(5)疑问副词。

如:how,when,why,where 等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。

(6)关系副词。

如:when,where,why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。

(7)连接副词。

如how,where,why,whether 等(放在名词性从句句首,主要是宾语从句)。

3.副词的位置
(1)频度副词,如always,often,sometimes,usually 等通常放在动词之前。

但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词,则要放在它们之后。

如果有系动词be,也要放在系动词之后。

He usually has lunch in the factory.
他通常在工厂吃午饭。

The boy is often late for class.
那个孩子上课经常迟到。

(2)enough 作形容词修饰名词时,一般放在所修饰的词之前;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,应放在所修饰的词之后。

I have enough money to buy the book.
我有足够的钱买下这本书。

He's tall enough to get the book down.
他足够高,可以把书取下来。

(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。

如果这两种副词同时出现在句中,则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。

They went swimming in the river yesterday.
=Yesterday they went swimming in the river.
昨天他们去河里游泳了。

(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后,修饰及物动词时,放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后,如果宾语较长,也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。

Mr father works hard. 我父亲工作努力。

Tom speaks Chinese very well.
汤姆的中文说得很好。

Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
王先生很认真地给他的朋友们写信。

(5)“及物动词+副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时,该名词放在副词前或后均可,如是代词作宾语,则必须将该词放在副词前。

Can I try on the shoes,please? 我可以试穿这鞋吗?
Don't cut it down! 别把它砍倒!
(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面,放在情态动词和助动词之后。

I'm very sad to hear that.
听到这个消息我很难过。

(7)副词常与动词搭配成动词短语。

①及物动词短语
take away 拿走put away 把……收起来,放好
send away 派遣,解雇move away 搬开,挪走
take down 拿下,取下write down 记下,写下
put down 放下look up 查阅
send up 发射,把……送上去
put up 举起,挂起
dress up(给……)穿上盛装,(给……)乔装打扮
ring up(给……)打电话
pull up...(from)(从……)拉上来
give up 放弃find out 发现,查明(真相)
wear out 穿破,用坏sell out 售完,卖光
try out 试用,实验take out 取出
put on 穿上(衣服等),上演
try on 试穿(衣、帽等)
hold on(电话用语)不挂断
turn on 打开,旋开(电灯、无线电等开关)
pass on 传递turn off 关掉,关上(开关)
take off 脱下(衣服等) give back 还回
get back 取回,要回look over 查看,检查
look around 环顾,寻找
以上这些动词短语可以带宾语,当宾语为代词时,常放在中间。

②不及物动词短语
come back 回来come around 过来
(8)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接,放在句前。

Suddenlyhe had a good idea.
突然他想出了一个好办法。

4.副词比较等级用法
(1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。

请参见形容词比较等级用法。

(2)在两者进行比较“表示A 不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not...as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。

Bill didn't do his homework as_carefully_asJim.
=Bill did his homework less_carefully_thanJim.
Bill 做作业没有Jim 认真。

(3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。

Lin Tao did bestin English of all. 林涛的英语最好。

5.几个常用副词的用法区别
(1)how long/how soon/how often/how far
how long “多久,多长时间”,是对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”回答。

how soon “多快,多久以后”,是对一个短暂性动词提问,用于一般将来时句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答。

how often “多长时间一次”,对频度提问,常用“once,twice,three times a week”等回答。

how far “多远”,对距离提问。

(2)hard/hardly
hard “努力地,辛苦地”,“剧烈地,猛烈地”是程度副词。

hardly “几乎不”,是否定副词。

I can hardly_ see the words on the blackboard.
我几乎看不清黑板上的字。

Please pass me my glasses,Linda. 琳达,请把眼镜递给我。

We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese.
作为中国人,我们应该努力学习汉语。

(3)much too/too much
much too“非常,极其,太”,much 和too 都是副词,much 修饰too 以加强语气,中心词是too,much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。

too much“太多”,中心词是much,too 修饰much 以加强语气,too much 修饰不可数名词。

与too many 相对,但too many 修饰可数名词。

Don't eat any more,you have eaten too_much.
不要再吃了,你已经吃太多了。

You will become _much_toofat some day.
有一天你将会变得非常胖。

(4)too/also/either
too 一般不用于否定句,常放在句尾。

also 常放在be 动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。

either 用于否定句,常放在句尾。

You are a student. I am a student, too.
你是学生。

我也是学生。

They are alsostudents.他们也是学生。

You don't know the matter.I don't know, either.
你不知道这件事。

我也不知道。

(5)too/enough/so
too “太,很”,用于“too...to...”结构,表示否定意义“太……而不能……”。

enough “足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to...”结构,表示“足够……能……”。

so “如此”,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。

I'm too tired to go on the work.
我太累了而不能继续工作。

The girl is old enough to go to school.
这个女孩足够大能去上学了。

The lake is so deep that nobody dare to swim in it.
这个湖太深了以至于没人敢在里面游泳。

(6)already/yet
already 常用于肯定句。

yet 常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。

I have already_ finished my homework.
我已经完成了我的家庭作业。

Have you finished your homework yet?
你做完家庭作业了吗?
I haven't had lunch yet.我还没吃午饭。

习题精选06 形容词和副词
(建议用时:45 分钟满分:100 分)
一、单项选择(共10 小题,每小题4 分,共40 分)。

1.The Wandering Earth is one of movies this year.
A.so exciting
B. more exciting
C. as exciting as
D. the most exciting
2..-How long can this mobile phone last?
-If you use it , it may work for you for quite a few years.
A.smoothly
B. completely
C. properly
D. widely
3.More and more people agree that expressions such as “LOL” and “hahaha” are making our speech more direct but interesting and creative
A.less
B. more
C. the least
D. the most
4.Sun Li,who played the lead role in Nothing Gold Can Stay《那年花开月正圆》,says“As an actress,you can’t be
hard-working.”
A.very
B. so
C. too
D. that
5.—You don’t like British breakfast, do you?
—Not . I just need some time to get used to it.
A. more
B. only
C. truly
D. exactly
6.The climbers made a fire during the night in order to be i n the mountain
A. safe
B. safely
C. save
D. safety
7.—The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers a way.
— It's really .
A.secret
B. direct
C. amazing
D. traditional
8.Which of the following can be used to describe the girl in the picture ?()
A.Crazy B.Curious C.Scared D.Confident
9.—Diana. I forget new words quickly. How can I remember them?
—Don’t worry. It’s to forget new words! I suggest you read the words and try to use t hem.
A.rude
B. exciting
C. perfect
D. natural
10.一What do you think of Tom?
一He is a(n) boy who is always telling the truth.
A.humorous
B. honest
C. brave
D. creative
二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空(共10 小题,每小题2 分,共20 分)。

1.Please think (clear) before you make any choice
2.It’s usually considered impolite to ask (person) questions about others.
3.Cheer up! I’m sure you’ll(success)be chosen as the monitor
4.A nna doesn’t like exercising. Sometimes she does it (simple) to relax.
5 . Some students often drink coffee to keep themselves (wake) in class.
6.. As a good teacher, she is never (patient) with her students.
7.W e hope to live (peace) with people from other countries.
8.Online libraries are used for learning in the information age.(wide)
]9. The main purpose of the charity project is to offer help to people.(home)
10. , the old lady was saved from a big fire by her neighbor yesterday.(lucky)
三、根据句意及首字母提示,补全单词,完成句子(共10 小题,每小题2 分,共20 分)。

1.Tim doesn't think ping-pong d . It’s easy.
e on, Jimmy and Helen! We’re l .
3.M rs. Smith is r nice. I like her.
4.—Mark, is Alice your cousin?
-R . She’s my aunt’s daughter.
5.Ms. Jones o loves oranges in all fruits.
6.T he watch cost me 1,000 dollars. It's v .
7.Helen didn't go to bed until 11:30 last night. She feels s now.
8 He is really h with his study, so he always gets the best results.[来源:学科网]
9.The way to the success isn't always s . It's full of difficulties.
10.J ohn likes drawing in his s time after work.
四、根据汉语提示完成句子(共10 小题,每小题2 分,共20 分)。

1.Today I saw a beautiful flower blooming in a small patch of dirt. (独自)
2.It’s said the air on Mars is than on Earth. (稀薄)
3.T his new kind of chair is designed for old people.(special)
4 He is so (急躁的)that he can’t wait for me for so long.
5.He couldn’t(简直)believe his eyes when he saw what had happened.
6.The singers (成功地) mixed Chinese traditional music and modern Western music.
7.N ow in China, more and more people are willing to use Huawei's products instead of
(外国的) ones.
8.To break silence, I told a joke and soon the conversation went on (顺利地) .
9.I couldn’t fall asleep because the bed was too (不舒服的).
10.Mr. Wu said he had (很少)seen a child with so much talent.。

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