意大利语第一课
意大利语初级教程

G(ge,gi)
• • • • • • • gia-giacca,giache,giallo,giardo ge-genere,gente,gelato,genero gi-giro,ginocchio,genova gio-giorno,giovane,giornale giu-giusto,giudice,digiuno,giurare gna-vigna,lavagna,campagna gni-compagni,gno-ragno.gnu-ognuna,gneagnello
• A-Voi avete un libro? • B-No,noi abbiamo una rivista • A-Loro hanno un libro? • B-No,loro hanno un quaderno • A-Tu che cosa hai? • B-Io ho un libro
意大利语推荐教材
s
• • • • • • • • • • • 辅音字母s有清音和浊音两种发音 在下列情况下,s发清音: 在词首,后跟元音字母,如:solo,sedia 双辅音(两个相同的辅音在一起,称为双辅音)时,如: rosso,spesso,cassetto 在辅音后,元音前,如:forse,denso 在词尾,如:autobus 在f,p,t,c等清辅音前,如:studente,scuola s在下列情况下发浊音 在两个元音字母间(不全是) 在词首,后跟b,d,g,v,l,m,n,r等浊辅音字母,如: sbarca,sdegno,sgabello,smettere
意大利语发音
简单总结
意大利语简单介绍
• 意大利语属于印欧语系的罗曼语来自。法语. 西班牙语都属于这一语族。世界上除了意 大利本国,还有瑞士部分地区以及个别非 洲独立国家,如索马里,也用意大利语为 通用语。 • 现今意大利语标准语是托斯卡纳方言发展 起来的
意大利语零基础语音入门

江西省南昌市2015-2016学年度第一学期期末试卷(江西师大附中使用)高三理科数学分析一、整体解读试卷紧扣教材和考试说明,从考生熟悉的基础知识入手,多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力,立足基础,先易后难,难易适中,强调应用,不偏不怪,达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。
试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内,几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容,体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。
1.回归教材,注重基础试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则,尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及,其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景,把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中,使学生感受到了数学的育才价值,所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际,操作性强。
2.适当设置题目难度与区分度选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题,都是综合性问题,难度较大,学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力,以及扎实深厚的数学基本功,而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法,否则在有限的时间内,很难完成。
3.布局合理,考查全面,着重数学方法和数学思想的考察在选择题,填空题,解答题和三选一问题中,试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。
包括函数,三角函数,数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。
这些问题都是以知识为载体,立意于能力,让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。
二、亮点试题分析1.【试卷原题】11.已知,,A B C 是单位圆上互不相同的三点,且满足AB AC →→=,则AB AC →→⋅的最小值为( )A .14-B .12-C .34-D .1-【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识,是向量与三角的典型综合题。
解法较多,属于较难题,得分率较低。
【易错点】1.不能正确用OA ,OB ,OC 表示其它向量。
2.找不出OB 与OA 的夹角和OB 与OC 的夹角的倍数关系。
初识意大利语-最简单的意大利语入门知识

初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识问候语1)意大利人熟人之间见面,一般用"ciao",类似于英语中的"hi"。
[读作.chao.]再见很简单,就是连读两遍"ciao"。
2)正式的场合见面:白天--buongiorno(buon-好,giorno-早上)[拼音代替-b ong-zhao-le-nao],晚上--buona sera(sera-晚上)[bong-na-sea-lla] (意大利语中的“r”须颤音,暂用"ll"表示)再见是用“arrivederci”,相当于英文中的"farewell"。
[a-lli-wi-dai-lle-chei]字母读音a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z读音大部分按照拼音即可。
但有几个例外:c g h q r s&z1)c,gci读作“七”;ce,cia,cio,ciu,读作“拆,差,潮,处”gi读作“极”;ge,gia,gio,giu,读作“债,炸,照,主”chi,che,ca,co,cu读作“ki,开,卡,靠,库”ghi,ghe,ga,go.gu读作“给,该,呷,高,故”。
2)h 在拉丁语中,h是不发音的。
如:Ha读作“啊”3)q q永远都与u连在一起,读作“苦”4)r r对咱最难了,要求舌尖颤两下,连发俩“了”。
本人目前还为攻破这一技术难关。
希望大家能青出于蓝而胜于蓝……(愧疚ing)5)s&zsc--<1>[sh-]:sci sce;<2>[sk]:sca sco scu。
sg--<1>[zh-]:shi sge;<2>[sg]:sga sgo sgu。
(z同理读作“子,此”)除此之外还有gli(只能面授);gn读作"nia";等人称意大利语的变形是很复杂的,不仅有主谓的变形,更有宾语的变形(系表结构中的系,表也都要变形)。
初识意大利语-最简单的意大利语入门知识

初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识问候语1)意大利人熟人之间见面,一般用"ciao",类似于英语中的"hi"。
[读作.chao.]再见很简单,就是连读两遍"ciao"。
2)正式的场合见面:白天--buongiorno(buon-好,giorno-早上)[拼音代替-bong-z hao-le-nao],晚上--buona sera(sera-晚上)[bong-na-sea-lla] (意大利语中的“r”须颤音,暂用"ll"表示)再见是用“arrivederci”,相当于英文中的"farewell"。
[a-lli-wi-dai-lle-chei]字母读音a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z读音大部分按照拼音即可。
但有几个例外:c g h q r s&z1)c,gci读作“七”;ce,cia,cio,ciu,读作“拆,差,潮,处”gi读作“极”;ge,gia,gio,giu,读作“债,炸,照,主”chi,che,ca,co,cu读作“ki,开,卡,靠,库”ghi,ghe,ga,go.gu读作“给,该,呷,高,故”。
2)h 在拉丁语中,h是不发音的。
如:Ha读作“啊”3)q q永远都与u连在一起,读作“苦”4)r r对咱最难了,要求舌尖颤两下,连发俩“了”。
本人目前还为攻破这一技术难关。
希望大家能青出于蓝而胜于蓝……(愧疚ing)5)s&zsc--<1>[sh-]:sci sce;<2>[sk]:sca sco scu。
sg--<1>[zh-]:shi sge;<2>[sg]:sga sgo sgu。
(z同理读作“子,此”)除此之外还有gli(只能面授);gn读作"nia";等人称意大利语的变形是很复杂的,不仅有主谓的变形,更有宾语的变形(系表结构中的系,表也都要变形)。
意大利语 初级

双辅音,Consonanti doppie
双辅音是意大利语语音的又一特点。双辅音 的发音方法、发音部位与单辅音完全一样, 但强度大,(特别在阻塞音上),延续的时间长, 如: bello美丽的 carro车 rosso红色的 donna女人 mamma妈妈 guerra 战争
注意:必须很好地区别单辅音和双辅音,如下面 几组单词只有一个辅音之差,但意义完全不同: caro贵的——carro车 capello 头发——cappello帽子 moto摩托车——motto格言 sete喝——sette七 note音符——notte夜晚 eco 回声——ecco这儿 nono 第九——nonno祖父 dita指头 ——ditta公司
Semivocali,半元音
半元音i和u经常出现在二合元音(dittongo)中。二合 元音包括两个元音,其中一个是元音,另一个是 半元音i或u。两个相连的元音一口气读出来。如: lieve lieve经度的 pieno满的 nuovo新的 cuoco厨师 pieno nuovo cuoco 意大利语中还有三个元音合在一起的,称为三合元 音(trittongo),如: buoi牛(复) calamaio黑水瓶 buio黑暗 operaio工人
练习:读下列单词
faro灯塔 sera晚上 ricco富的 remo奖
rumore杂音 pari相等的 ora小时 rana青蛙
Roma罗马 caro亲爱的 era时代 rete网 orso熊 ira怒 bravo好的 mare海边
raro稀少的 ramo树枝 tre三 erba草
练习:读下列单词,对照辅音l与r的读法
颤音: R r
发音方法:舌尖上卷,抵住上齿龈,振动声带,气流不断冲击舌尖 使它颤动(如果舌头平伸不动,就发不出颤音)。 颤音要发得自然得体,否则就会构成发音障碍。 为使舌尖颤动,可先借助辅音t或d,把舌尖放在准备振动的位置 上,加上元音i(元音i比其他元音更接近上齿),进行练习, 如:ttttttttri,dddddddri以后逐步过渡到不带辅音t与d而自如 地发出ri音。 学过英语的人可以式着从舌齿摩擦音th过渡到颤音 r,(如:three,through),把舌尖往后伸,并稍往上翘。 初学打颤音有一定困难,要坚持不断地用气流冲击舌尖,使它 不间断地与上齿龈接触和脱离,先不吐气,随后舌头放松,经 触上齿龈,再不断增加气流冲击的强度,使舌尖自然颤动起来。
街头意大利语俚语 第一课

街头意大利语俚语第一课来源:张睿的日志街头意大利语俚语Lezione unoPer la terza volta questa settimana, Antonio ha fatto forca a scuola!这星期安东尼奥已经是第三次逃学了!Antonio: Tutte le volte che il professore mi becca in classe per un’interrogazione, mi spremo le meningi per rispondere bene, ma faccio sempre un buco nell’acpua. Massimo: Faresti meglio a smettere di fare forca a scuola e a cominciare a sgobbar e, altrimenti mettiti a fare il ruffiano con il prof. Se scazzi il prossimo esame, I tuoi vecchi ti fanno fuori!Antonio: Lo so. Ma vedi che casino di roba ci ha dato da fare durante il fine setti manil nostro prof? Non so come farò a leggere tutte queste scartoffie in soli due gi orni.Massimo: Eh, lo so. Guarda! Vedi quella gran bonazza? Hai sentito l’ultima su di lei? Prima era la protetta del prof, ma ora non lo è più.Antonio: Perchè? Che è successo?Massimo: Il prof l’ha presa in castagna a copiare durante l’esame e ora lui la sega. Antonio: Cavolo! Sono sbalordito!译文:安东尼奥: 每次老师在课堂上点我回答问题, 我都挖空心思想要回答好,可老是白费力气.马西莫: 你最好别再逃学,还是开始好好干吧,要么你就拍拍老师的马屁.你下次考试要是再不过,你们家老头儿,老太太非吧你宰了不可!安东尼奥: 我知道.可你看见没有,老师留了一大堆乱七八糟的东西,让咱们周末做.我真不知道,就两天时间我怎么读得完这么多没用的破书.马西莫: 嗯,我知道.你看! 看见那个妖艳的小妞了吗? 你听说有关她的新闻了吧?原先她可是老师的大红人,但现在不是了.安东尼奥: 怎么回事?出什么事了?马西莫: 考试的时候,老师当场抓住她作弊,现在老师要给她不及格呢.安东尼奥: 哇塞!真让我晕呢!词汇:Beccare v. (老师)在班上点名; (字面)鸟用喙啄例句: L’inseganante mi ha beccato sei volte oggi e non ho risposto bene nemmeno una volta!译文: 今天老师在课上点了我六次名,可我连一次都没回答.同义词blindare v. (字面)用金属材料武装,给...装甲又及: beccare v.遭遇(不好的事情),得(病),挨(打)Bonazza s.f. 漂亮得过分的女孩(源自形容词buono,意思是”好的”);(字面)确实好的东西例句: L’ex ragazza di Antonio era davvero brutta, ma quella nuova è una gran bona zza!译文: 安东尼奥的前女友的确很丑,可他那个新女友却是个美人.注: 名词在加上后缀-azza 之后通常有讽刺,嘲笑的含义.Casino di roba esp. 一大堆东西,乱七八糟的东西;(字面)一个赌场的东西例句: Ho portato indietro con me un casino di roba dalle vacanze. Sono riuscito a mala pena a fare entrare tutto in valigia!译文: 我独家回来带了一大堆东西.我勉勉强强地把它们塞进了行李箱里.注: 阴性名词roba可以泛指一切不确定的东西,物品等.Cavolo inter. 哇,天啊; (字面)卷心菜,圆白菜例句: Cavolo! Che ragazza stupenda!译文: 哇!多靓丽的女孩啊!同义词capperi inter. (字面)山柑Fare forca esp. 逃学,逃课; (字面)做绞刑架例句: Non ho visto Alberto a scuola oggi. Mi domando se abbia fatto forca.译文: 今天在学校我没见到阿尔贝托.我想知道他是否逃学了.同义词1 bigiare v. (意大利北方方言)同义词2 bucare v. (意大利北方和中部方言); (字面)挖洞,打孔同义词3 fare sega esp. (罗马和意大利中部方言); (字面)拉锯(即剧开,割去)Fare fuori esp. 杀死,杀害某人,宰了某人; (字面)弄出去例句: Federico ha paora che il ladro lo faccia fuori, per il fatto di essere stat o testimone oculare del furto.译文: 作为盗窃案的目击证人,费德里科害怕盗贼干掉他.同义词1 Fare la festa a qualcuno esp. 给某人举行(欢送/告别)派对同义词2 Fare secco qualcuno esp. (字面)使某人变干同义词3 Fare una frittata esp. (字面)做煎鸡蛋同义词4 Stendere qualcuno esp. (字面)放平某人Fare il ruffiano /la ruffiana esp. 阿谀奉承,拍别人马屁; (字面)当拉皮条的人例句: Marco fa il ruffiano con il capo perchè ha intenzione di chiedergli un au mento.译文: 马克拍头儿的马屁,因为他想要涨工资.Fare un buco nell’acqua esp. 无济于事,白费力气; (字面)在水面上挖一个洞例句: Ogni volta che provo ad aggiustar e la mia macchina, faccio un buco nell’acqu a. La prossima volta vado da un meccanico!译文: 每次我试着修理自己的汽车,结果都是白费力气.下次我要去找修理工了!又及: tappare un buco还债; (字面)填补漏洞Prendere in castagna esp. 当场抓住某人,当场发现某人的错误; (字面)在栗子中拿到某人例句: Ho preso Luigi in castagna, mentre cercava di rubare la mia bici.译文: 当路易吉正试图偷我的自行车时,被我当场抓到.同义词1 essere colto/a in flagrante esp. (字面)被当场捕获,被抓了个现行注: Flagrate 在法律术语中是”现行的”意思同义词2 essere colto/a sul fatto esp. (字面)在实施中被抓获Prof s.f. 教授,老师,professore的缩写形式例句: hai visto la nostra nuova prof? È bellissima!译文: 你看见我们的新老师了吗?她漂亮极了!注: 在标准的意大利语中,prof只是阳性名词professore的缩写,而阴性名词professo ressa则要缩写为prof.ssa. 而俚语中的prof却既指男老师,也指女老师.Protetto/a s.m. 老师的宠儿,红人; (字面)被保护的人(是动词proteggere的过去分词,肆意是”被保护的”)例句: L’unico motivo per cui Francesca prende dei buoni voti è percheè lei è l a protetta dell’insegnante!译文: 弗朗切斯卡取得好成绩的唯一理由就是因为她在老师那里得宠.Scartoffie s.f. 没用的书(对课本和教科书的蔑称); (字面)废纸例句: Devo cancellare la mia vacanza perchè devo leggere tutte queste scarto ffie entro venerdì prossimo!译文: 我得取消假期了,因为我要在下星期五之前读完所有这些没用的破书!Scazzare v. (考试等)失败,没通过例句: Ho davvero scazzato l’esame! So che non passerò!译文: 我真的没考试过!我就知道我过不了!注: 这个词源自阴性名词cazzo,意思是”阴茎”;然而cazzo作为感叹词则有”天哪”,”哎呀”的意思,是很常用的俚语.同义词fare una cappella esp. (字面)做一顶帽子Segare v. 给某人不及格; (字面)用锯锯某人例句: Il professore mi ha detto che mi sega alla fine dell’anno, se con passo il prossimo esame!译文: 老师说如果我过不了下一次考试的话,年底就给我不及格!同义词1 bocciare v. (字面)在滚球游戏中击走其他球同义词2 fregare v. (意大利北部和中部方言); (字面)擦,抹同义词3 gambizzare v. (字面)(源自阴性名词gamba,意思是”腿”)gambizzare从字面上看是指砍掉某人的双腿,使其无法继续下去.Sgobbare v. 努力工作,苦干; (字面)弯着腰背负中午(源自阴性名词gobba,意思是”驼背”)例句: Mi piacerebbe andare al cinema con te, ma devo sgobbare tutta la nott e. Devo presentare una grossa relazione domani mattina.译文: 我想陪你去看电影,但我得干一个通宵,明天上午我要做一个重要的报告.注: sgobbo s.m. 工作,如: andare allo sgobbo 去工作,去上班Spremersi le meningi esp. 绞尽脑汁,挖空心思;榨干脑子(menige是”脑膜”的意思) 例句: Come si chiama tua sorella? Ho spremuto invano le mie meningi per ce rcare di recordare il suo nome!译文: 你姐姐叫什么名字?我绞尽脑汁也想不起来了!同义词rompersi la testa esp. (字面)打破自己的头Ultima s.f. 新闻,最新消息; (字面)最新的例句: Hai sentito l’ultima? Massimo si sposa la prossima settimana!译文: 你听说这个消息了吗?马西莫下周结婚!Vecchi s.m. , pl. 父母,爹妈,”老头儿,老太太”; (字面)老人们例句: Vado a Firenze per passare le vacanze con i miei vecchi.译文: 我和我爹妈去佛罗伦萨独家注: vecchio s.m. 父亲; (字面)老头vecchia s.f. 母亲; (字面)老太太词汇练习A. 选择合适的词补全句子.1. Ho portato indietro con me un (casino,carino,casinò) di roba dalle vacanze. Sono riuscito a mala pena a fare entrare tutto in valigia!2. L’insegnante mi h a (steccato,abbinato, beccato) sei volte oggi e non ho ris posto bene nemmeno una volta!3. Come si chiama tua sorella? Ho spremuto invano le mie (meningi, meringh e, sfingi) per cercare di recordare il suo nome!4. Devo cancellare la mia vacanza perchè devo leggere tutte queste (scartoffie, scatole, buffe) entro venerdìprossimo!5. Non ho visto Alberto a scuola oggi. Mi domando se abbia fatto (barca, por ta, forca).6. Hai sentito (la prima, l’ultima, la penultima)? Massimo si spo sa la prossima settimana!7. Vado a Firenze per passare le vacanze con i miei (vecchi, secchi, venti).8. Il professore mi ha detto che mi (sera, sega,saga) alla fine dell’anno, se c on passo il prossimo esame!9. L’unico motivo per cui Francesca prende dei buoni voti è percheè lei è la (protetta, barchetta, promessa) dell’insegnante!10. Marco fa il (ruspante, anziano, ruffiano) con il capo, perchè ha intenzione di chiedergli un aumento.B. 从下面的词中选择合适的补全句子,必要时请做改动.BECCASEGABONAZZABUCOCASTAGNACAVOLOFUORIRUFFIANASCAZZATOSGOBBARE1. L’ex ragazza di Antonio era davvero brutta, ma quella nuova è una gran _ ________!2. _________! Che ragazza stupenda!3. Federico ha paora che il ladro lo facc ia _________, per il fatto di essere st ato testimone oculare del furto.4. Mi piacerebbe andare al cinema con te, ma devo _________ tutta la notte. Devo presentare una grossa relazione domani mattina.5. Il professore mi ha detto che mi _________ alla fine dell’anno, se non pas so il prossimo esame!6. Ho davvero _________ l’esame! So che non passerò!7. Ho preso Luigi in _________, mentre cercava di rubare la mia bici.8. Ogni volta che provo ad aggiustare la mia macchina, faccio un _________ nell’acqua. La prossima volta vado da un meccanico!9. Tutte le volte che il prof _________ Francesca, lei ha sempre la resposta giusta.10. È ovvio che Simona fa la _________ con il professore perchè vuole prendere un bel voto.C. 将下列中文与相应的意大利语配对.1. 如果我很晚回家,我妈准会杀了我!2. 景观将它当场抓获.3. 哇!我真的不敢相信!4. 那个女孩叫什么名字?我绞尽脑汁想了半天.5. 我是这修理我的电视机,可是徒劳无获.6. 今晚我很想和你一起去,可是我还有一大堆工作要完成.7. 安东内拉每天都送给老师一个礼物,这就是为什么她是老师的红人儿.8. 老师给玛窦不及格?他一定考得很糟糕!9. 我真不能理解.罗贝托从来不努力学习,可考试时他总能得到高分.10. 我根本不可能再两天之内就把这么一大堆没用的书看完!A. Cavolo! Non posso crederci!B. L’insegnante ha segato Matteo? Deve aver fatto veramente male l’esame.C. Non capisco, Roberto non sgobba mai, ma prende sempre il massimo dei v oti negli esami.D. Ho cercato di aggiustare il mio telev isore, ma ho fatto un buco nell’acqua.E. Se torno a casa tardi, mia madre mi fa fuori!F. Vorrei uscire con te stasera, ma ho un casino di lavoro che devo finire.G. L’agente di polizia lo ha preso in castagna.H. Antonella porta un regalo all’insegnante tutti i giorni. Ecco perchè è la prot etta del prof.I. Non riuscirò mai a finire di leggere queste scartoffie in due giorni!J. Come si chiama quella ragazza? Mi sono spremuto le meningi, cercando di ricordare.D. 填字游戏.从下面所列词中选出合适的填入字谜.ACQUAPROTETTOCASINOSCAZZAREFORCAULTIMAPROFBONAZZASCARTOFFIECAVOLOSGOBBAREMENINGIBECCARERUFFIANOCASTAGNASEGAREFUORIVECCHI16. _________! Inter. 哇!17. fare un buco nell’ _________ esp.无济于事,白费力气22. _________ v. 失败,没通过43. _________ s.f. , pl. 没用的书48. spremersi le _________ esp. 绞尽脑汁53. _________ v. 给某人不及格1. _________ s.m. , pl. 父母7. _________ v. (老师)在班上点名11. _________ v. 努力工作14. _________ s.f. 漂亮得过分的女孩15. fare _________ esp. 杀死,杀害某人23. fare il _________ esp. 阿谀奉承,拍别人马屁32. prendere in _________ esp. 当场抓住某人35. _________ s.m. 老师的宠儿38. _________ s.m. , f. 教授,老师39. _________ s.f. 新闻40. _________ di roba esp. 一大堆东西44. fare _________ esp. 逃学。
意大利语初学入门

1a 两位陌生人一位年轻女子坐在公园中的长椅上。
随即来了一位男士试图接近她,与她搭讪。
他打从第一眼就瞧出这女士刚到这里不久。
LUI: Buongiorno,signorina.LEI: Buongiorno.LUI: Una bellissima giornata, vero?LEI: Si, molto bella.LUI: E il giardino èmagnifico, oggi, con questo cielo azzurro.LEI: Si, magnifico...LUI: Lei ènuova qui, vero?LEI: Si, sono qui da ieri...LUI: Eh, si, è evidente!您现在在意大利。
您想问候某人:Buongiorno 早安/您好Buonasera 晚上好/您好Ciao! 嗨!/再见之后或许您想问:Come s ta? 您好吗?或许您想以平辈方式问候他人:Come s tai? 你好吗?可能得到的回答为:Molto bene, grazie, e Lei? 很好,谢谢,您呢?Bene, grazie, e t u? 很好,谢谢,你呢?Abbastanza be ne. 很不错。
Non c'è male, gr a zie. 不坏,谢谢!道别时说:Arrivederci! 再见!对话译文:-午安,小姐。
-午安。
-美好的一天,(不是)吗?-的确,非常美好。
-而且这花园今天配上这湛蓝的天空(真是)宜人。
-的确,宜人。
-您刚到这里,(不是)吗?-的确,我昨天才刚到这。
-喔,看得出来(很明显)!1b 一个秘密这年轻人告诉这位年轻的女士,她坐错了位置。
看起来并没错,这位子是空的。
但是坐在喷泉后方的椅子视野较好。
到底是为什么?真是一团谜。
LUI: e dire...è seduta in un posto sbagliato.LEI: Sono seduta in un posto sbagliato? Ma...è assurdo! Questa panchina è libera...LUI: Anche la panchina dietro la fontana è libera.LEI: E allora?LUI: Allora...Bisogna andare là per vedere.LEI: Per vedere la fontana?LUI: No! Lei è nuova qui: non è la fontana la cosa interessante.LEI: E qual è la cosa interessante?LUI: Ssssh! È un segreto...您现在在意大利。
意大利语北外教材课程笔记

第一课Prima Lezione1.句型:Che cosa hai tu?Io ho un libro.2.语法:(1)人称代词单数复数第一人称io noi第二人称tu voi第三人称lui/lei loroegli/essa/esso essi/esse(2)动词变位:avereho,hai,ha,abbiamo,avete,hanno(一单、二单、三单、一复、二复、三复)第二课Seconda lezione1.句型:Che cosa è questo?Questo è un libro.Questo è un libro?Sì ,questo è un libro./No, questo non è.Di che colore è questo?E' blanco.Di dove sei?Sono di Pechino.2.语法:动词变位:esseresono,sei,è ,siamo,siete,sono(一单、二单、三单、一复、二复、三复)第三课Terza lezione1.句型:Chi è questo signor?E' un insegnante.Dove lavora?Lavora in Pechino.Come si chiama?Si chiama Giuseppe.2.语法:不定冠词阳性un,uno 阴性una un'un用于普通阳性名词前。
uno用于辅音群、gn、x、z前。
una用于普通阴性名词前。
un'用于以元音开头的名词前。
第四课Quarta lezione1.句型:Che cosa sono questi?Questi sono i libri.Chi sono questi?Sono professori.Quanti anni hai?Ho venti anni.2.语法:(1)定冠词阳性单数il,lo,l'阳性复数i,gli阴性单数la,l'阴性复数leil用于普通阳性名词前,复数为i.lo用于辅音群、gn、x、z前,复数为gli.l'用于以元音开头的单词前,阳性复数为gli,阴性为le.la用于普通阴性名词前,复数为le.(2)名词单、复数单数以-o\-e结尾的,复数变为-i.单数以-a结尾的,复数变为-e.(3)指示形容词quello有七种形式:quel\quello\quell'\quella\quei\quegli\quelle 用法同定冠词。
意大利语口语入门

第一部分语音篇第一章:语音字母表1.音素2.元音3.辅音4.双元音和多元音5.双辅音6.省音第二章:音节划分音节第三章:语调,重音和省音1.语调2.重音3.省音第四章:下标点和大写的使用1.下标点2.大写字母的使用第二部分口语篇第一章社交问候语介绍;约见拜访邀请身份辨别物品问路第二章时间天气日期时间天气第三章亲人朋友家庭亲属邻里朋友第四章情感表达求助、感激建议看法决定不喜欢抱怨要求致歉后悔困惑第五章日常生活年龄语言业余生活住址搬家租房谈计划谈经历生病询问意见工作事业餐馆就餐夜生活报刊杂志打电话邮政旅行第六章衣服着装衣着买衣服第七章国家国籍第八章地理环境第九章学习教育第十章道路交通第十一章附录省份缩略语邮编常用缩略语第三部分分类词汇第一章:基础词汇1.1 数字1.2 时间日历1.2.1日历1.2.2时间1.3 度量1.4 颜色1.5 性状1.6 方位方向1.7 形状第二章:人体描述2.1 身体2.2 人的描述2.2.1外貌第三章:日常生活3.1过生日3.2 婚姻3.3家庭3.4 日常称谓3.5问候语3.6职业3.7 服饰3.7.1鞋帽3.7.2配饰3.7.3 化妆3.8 蔬菜3.9 水果3.10 肉类3.11海鲜3.12小吃3.13 饮品3.14 调料3.15 烹饪方法3.16租房3.17 客厅3.18卧室3.19 浴室3.20厨房3.21 交通工具3.22 公交车站3.23地铁站3.24 火车站3.24.1买票3.25 在机场3.25.1机场大楼3.25.2航班信息3.25.3机场3.26乘出租车3.27 电话3.28 电脑第四章公共设施4.1医院4.2学校4.2.1 学校教育4.2.2学校4.2.3学科4.2.4文具4.3图书馆4.4 银行4.5邮局4.5.1邮政4.5.2寄包裹4.6博物馆4.7消防4.8公园4.9公共厕所第五章休闲娱乐5.1 节假日5.2去旅游5.2.1名胜古迹5.2.3定房间5.2.4在旅馆5.3购物5.3.1在超市5.3. 2结账5.4 运动5.4.1篮球5.4.2足球5.4.3网球5.4.4游泳5.4.5体操5.4.6田径第六章艺术6.1电影6.2电视6.3乐器6.4戏剧6.5十二生肖6.6星座6.7中国古代文明6.7.1四大发明6.7.2四大名著第七章动植物7.1动物7.1.1哺乳动物7.1.2家畜、家禽7.1.3鸟类7.1.4昆虫7.2 植物7.2.1 谷物庄稼7.2.2 花7.2.3 树第八章国家城市8.1世界8.2 地球仪8.3 国家8.4国际城市8.5中国城市第九章地球和太空9.1地形地貌9.2 江河湖海9.2.1中国河流海洋9.2.2国际河流海洋9.3盆地、平原、高原9.4 气象9.4.1 气候9.4.2 天气9.4.4自然灾害第一章:语音1.字母表意大利语字母表印刷体名称读音印刷体名称读音A a a[a]N n enne[enne]B b bi[bi]O o o[o]C c ci[chi]P p p[bi]D d di[di]Q q cu[gu]E e e[e]R r erre[erre]F f effe[effe]S s esse[esse]G g gi[ji]T t ti[di]H h acca[aga]U u u[u]I i i[i]V v vu[vi]L l elle[elle]Z z zeta[zeda]M m emme[emme]外来字母及发音印刷体名称读音J j lunga [ilunga]K k cappa [gaba]W w doppi vu [doubi wu]X x ics [iks]Y y ipsilon [Ipusilon]1.音素意大利语的音素分为元音和辅音两种。
初识意大利语-最简单的意大利语入门知识

初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识问候语1)意大利人熟人之间见面,一般用"ciao",类似于英语中的"hi"。
[读作.chao.]再见很简单,就是连读两遍"ciao"。
2)正式的场合见面:白天--buongiorno(buon-好,giorno-早上)[拼音代替-bong-z hao-le-nao],晚上--buona sera(sera-晚上)[bong-na-sea-lla] (意大利语中的“r”须颤音,暂用"ll"表示)再见是用“arrivederci”,相当于英文中的"farewell"。
[a-lli-wi-dai-lle-chei]字母读音a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z读音大部分按照拼音即可。
但有几个例外:c g h q r s&z1)c,gci读作“七”;ce,cia,cio,ciu,读作“拆,差,潮,处”gi读作“极”;ge,gia,gio,giu,读作“债,炸,照,主”chi,che,ca,co,cu读作“ki,开,卡,靠,库”ghi,ghe,ga,go.gu读作“给,该,呷,高,故”。
2)h 在拉丁语中,h是不发音的。
如:Ha读作“啊”3)q q永远都与u连在一起,读作“苦”4)r r对咱最难了,要求舌尖颤两下,连发俩“了”。
本人目前还为攻破这一技术难关。
希望大家能青出于蓝而胜于蓝……(愧疚ing)5)s&zsc--<1>[sh-]:sci sce;<2>[sk]:sca sco scu。
sg--<1>[zh-]:shi sge;<2>[sg]:sga sgo sgu。
(z同理读作“子,此”)除此之外还有gli(只能面授);gn读作"nia";等人称意大利语的变形是很复杂的,不仅有主谓的变形,更有宾语的变形(系表结构中的系,表也都要变形)。
意大利初级教程一

第一课意大利语发音1.意大利语字母首先我们学习意大利语的字母.A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S , T, U, V, Z意大利语也受到了其他外语的影响, 所以有的单词里也有外来字母,它们都是辅音. J,K,W,X,Y意大利语一共有五个元音。
A, E, I,O,U.意大利语的特别发音规则GL两个辅音在元音A, E , I, O, U前面时要分开发音在大多数的情况下,GL在元音I前边时,发音为GLI下边的单词中有GL辅音。
MAGLIA / 毛衣GLUCOSIO / 葡萄糖FIGLIO / 儿子GLOSSARIO / 专用词汇编在少数的情况下GLI的发音为: GLI比如glicemìa / 血糖含量5.2SCSC两个辅音在元音A, E, I, O, U前面时要分开发音.请你们听一下E前面的时候,发音如下:SCI, SCESCETTICO / 抱怀疑态度的SCALA / 楼梯SCIMMIA / 猴子SCOLARE / 沥干5.3 C辅音C这个辅音在元音A,E, I, O,U前面时要分开发音.请你们听一下CA [ka],CE [t∫e],CI [t∫i],CO [ko],CU [ku]你们已经听到了C这个辅音在元音I前面或者元音E前面时,发音为CE,CI。
上述缺少两个发音[ke]和 [ki],那它们是怎么写的呢?[ke]和 [ki]是这样写的: CHE, CHICASA / 家CHILO / 公斤CENA / 晚餐CUOCA / 厨师CIBO / 食品CINA / 中国CEPPO / 树桩5.4 G辅音G这个辅音在元音A,E, I, O,U前面时要分开发音.GA [ga]GE [dƷe]GI [dƷi]GO [go]GU [gu]你们已经听到了, G在元音E前面或者元音I前面时,发音为GE,GI上述缺少两个发音[ge]和[gi]。
初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识

初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识(总4页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除初识意大利语——最简单的意大利语入门知识问候语1)意大利人熟人之间见面,一般用"ciao",类似于英语中的"hi"。
[读作.chao.]再见很简单,就是连读两遍"ciao"。
2)正式的场合见面:白天--buongiorno(buon-好,giorno-早上)[拼音代替-bong-zhao-le-nao],晚上--buona sera(sera-晚上)[bong-na-sea-lla] (意大利语中的“r”须颤音,暂用"ll"表示)再见是用“arrivederci”,相当于英文中的"farewell"。
[a-lli-wi-dai-lle-chei]字母读音a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z读音大部分按照拼音即可。
但有几个例外:c g h q r s&z1)c,gci读作“七”;ce,cia,cio,ciu,读作“拆,差,潮,处”gi读作“极”;ge,gia,gio,giu,读作“债,炸,照,主”chi,che,ca,co,cu读作“ki,开,卡,靠,库”ghi,ghe,ga,读作“给,该,呷,高,故”。
2)h 在拉丁语中,h是不发音的。
如:Ha读作“啊”3)q q永远都与u连在一起,读作“苦”4)r r对咱最难了,要求舌尖颤两下,连发俩“了”。
本人目前还为攻破这一技术难关。
希望大家能青出于蓝而胜于蓝……(愧疚ing)5)s&zsc--<1>[sh-]:sci sce;<2>[sk]:sca sco scu。
sg--<1>[zh-]:shi sge;<2>[sg]:sga sgo sgu。
【其他语言学习】意大利语课+打印共(57页)

第一讲意大利语的形成、使用范围、语音特点和字母表。
(三学时)(一)教学内容;意大利语的形成,使用国家的范围,语音特点,字母表。
1,意大利语的形成;意大利语属于印欧语系的罗曼语族。
法语、罗马尼亚语、西班牙语都属这一语族。
世界上除了意大利本国(包括在意大利境内的圣玛力诺和梵蒂冈)使用意大利语外,还有瑞士部分地区(Canton Ticino)以及个别非洲独立同家,如索马里(原意属索马里),由于过去受意大利统治,也使用意大利语为官方正式语言或通用语。
意大利语由拉丁语演变而来,意大利国内各地区方言虽各有不同,但都是来源于通俗拉丁语(latino volgare),即古代罗马帝国的语言。
最初有文字记载的书而通俗拉丁语是公元960年在蒙特卡西诺(Montecassino)发现的。
意大利语是在公元1200年前后正式形成的。
意大利语的词汇,除了一部分是从希腊语、日耳曼语和阿拉伯语演变而来之外,主要是来自拉丁语.其语法特点也与拉丁语相仿。
由于拉丁语在意大利一直被认为是唯一有严格规则的书面语言,所以从拉丁语到意大利语的形成过程是相当缓慢的。
罗马帝国崩溃以后,通俗拉丁语在意大利结合各地区方言的特点有r较快的发展,最早产生的就是西西里(Sicilia)方言,后来托斯卡纳(Toscana)地区的方言也逐渐形成,并取得了较优越的地位,成为意大利标准语的主要的基础。
2,语音特点;⑴意大利语中几乎所有的词都是以元音结尾的,外来词除外⑵意大利语发音时,发音器官肌肉紧张度教英语大。
⑶意大利语元音发音时唇形变化很明显。
⑷意大利语辅音有清浊之分。
⑸意大利语有舌颤音r。
⑹意大利语每个音发出来都很平正,流畅,清晰。
⑺意大利语重音很重要。
3,字母表意大利语共有21个字母,其中元音字母5个,辅音字母16个,另外还有5个外来字母。
意大利语字母表ALFABET0 ITALIANO外来字母表LETTERE STRANIEREBuongiorno! 您好!(早上好!)Buonasera晚上好! Buongiorno! Come sta ?您好!您怎么样?Bene, grazie! E Lei ? 很好谢谢!您呢?Non c'e male, grazie. 还可以谢谢!Ciao ! come stai ?你好!你怎么样?Bene, grazie! E tu? 很好谢谢!你呢?Benissima ! 好极了!Cosi Cosi! 马马虎虎!Abbastanza Bene! 还好Male Malissima 不好!坏极了!(麻烦大了!)Come ti chiami ? 你叫什么?Come si chiama? 您叫什么?Mi chiamo ……… .我叫Lettera per lettera 字母如何拼写Il Suo cognome (nome)scusi? 对不起!您的名字?姓il tuo nome (cognome)scusa? 对不起!你的名字?姓Arrivederci !再见Buona notte! 晚安!A domani 明天见!Grazie ! 谢谢! Prego! 不客气!Come va ! 您(你)怎么样? 好吗?Sei tu Giacomo Mori? 你是贾克莫莫里?Si Sono io 是!我是。
意大利语学习(英语)

意大利语学习第一课Lesson 1This Week's New Words:ciao - hello, goodbye (familiar)salve - helloaddio - goodbyebene - wellegli - he (literary)lui - he (common speech), himella - she (literary)lei - she (common speech), heresso - it (masculine)essa - it (feminine)essi - they (persons or things)loro - them (persons or things), they (common speech, persons)grazie - thank youspiacente - I'm sorrynoi - us, we (plural)signore - sir, mister, mr.signora - madame, mrs.signorina - misstu - you (informal)voi - you (plural, formal and informal)io - INumbers 1-100 zero1 uno2 due3 tre4 quattro5 cinque6 sei7 sette8 otto9 nove10 dieciPronunciationThe Italian alphabet is fairly similar to our own (English, or depending on where you're from, American). The letters K,J,W,X,Y occur only in foreign origin words. Each lesson will explain a few more letters. This week, I'll explain the interesting letters (or combinations thereof) from this week's words (above).gliThe gli (followed or not by another vowel) in Italian is pronounced more or less as ll in SpanishHowever there are words like glicine (flower name), negligente, anglicano in which, for etymological reasons, g and l are pronounced as two separate sounds as in English.Thus, the Italian word coniglio (rabbit) is pronounced like conihlyo. and the word conigli (rabbits) is pronounced like conihli.gnThe gn is the same sound as Spanish ? i.e. is the same sound as the ny pair in the word canyon.Thus, signore is pronounced like sin-yore.hThe Italian h is always silent and as such an Italian speaker won't pronounce it when it occurs in foreign origin words (e.g. hotel). Moreover the letter h in Italian occurs only in the groups ch and gh (see below) and in the present tense of the verb to have. Thus, ho ( [I] have ) is pronounced o and hanno ( [they] have) is pronounced anno, the same as the word anno (year).a, e, i, o, uThe Italian vowels have only one sound, regardless of what letters they precede or follow, or accent marks on the vowel, with the (minor) exception of e and o.aThe a is always pronounced as in the English word car.eThe e has the sound of the e in bed. Actually there are two sounds of e :an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent : è a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent : é Note however that such accents are NOT normally written (unless they are required for tonic reasons), and appear only in dictionaries. Moreover, dictionaries report an ideal Tuscan pronunciation which is subject to ample regional variations. For instance the words perché (why) and stélla (star) are usually pronounced in the North as perchè and stèlla. In general a mispronunciation at this level won't be noticed, or if it is noticed (for instance méla (apple) is pronounced everywhere like that, and if you pronounce mèla it will sound funny) you will be understood. There are words in which a difference in accent causes a different meaning, as inpèsca (peach) and pésca (fishing), but in the North we pronounce both words as the first one and are understood everywhere.A note on accents : dictionaries indicate the tonic accent, i.e. put an accent on the vowel in the stressed syllable in the word (this is in the vast majority of cases the last but one, so called plain or flat words). This accent is not used and not required in normal writing. In normal writing the accent is required ONLY if the word ENDS with an accented vowel (i.e. the last syllable is accented, so called truncated words), e.g. perché. In handwriting do not bother to use the acute or the grave accent, just put any little sign over the vowel. On typewriters with Italian keyboards there are accented keys. On computer keyboards we usually prefer to use ASCII keyboards without accented keys, and just use an apostrophe instead of the accent, e.g. perche' : it is simpler and more portable.iThe Italian i is the same as the English long e or ee as in see.oThe o is always pronounced as the o in the word cold or dog. Here too actually there are two sounds of o :an OPEN one, indicated with the grave accent : ò (similar to dog) a CLOSED one, indicated with the acute accent : ó (similar to cold) The same comments made above for the letter e hold.uThe Italian u has the sound of the English oo as in too or the English ue as in blue.rAs opposed to the English r, which is formed in the back of the mouth with the back of the tongue, the Italian r is formed using the tip of the tongue on the upper palate, behind the front teeth, more like the English d.________________________________________Being the first lesson, this week you're just learning some of the basics. The main emphasis is on pronouns (io, lei) and numbers (zero through dieci). Also, you're being introduced to some of the most common greeting and short phrases, such as salve (hello) and spiacente (I'm sorry).Without knowing any verbs, there aren't many sentences to be made with the words we have, but here are some (short) examples with what we know:Salve, signorina. - Hello, miss.Spiacente, signore. - I'm sorry, sir.And yes, that's about all we can do right now, but these are still good examples of Italian grammatical structure. Notice how similar the above sentences are to English - salve comes first, and then the subject, signorina. You can form the same kinds of sentences using addio and grazie, and signora, in addition to the example sentences above. However, you can't make a sentence like this:Salve, lei.What the above sentence literally says is hello, you, and while it may be possible to think of times in English when you might say that, in Italian the sentence is meaningless, and people will look at you funny if you say Salve voi! in the middle of a group of Italian-speaking people. You could however say Salve a voi! (literally hello to you), although it sounds slightly unusual.Numbers. Numbers, as you should all know, are important. That's why I've included some in the first lesson. For the moment, you only know the numbers between 0 (zero) and 10 (dieci), but that will change. What can you do with the numbers zero through dieci? Count your toes! Uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove, dieci…… Recite your phone number! c inque, cinque cinque, otto, sei, zero, due (555-8602); note that however in Italian it is usual to pronounce phone numbers by group (i.e. as it were five-hundred-and-fifty-five eighty-six zero-two) but you'll wait for another lesson for that. Tell someone how many sisters you have (due). What you can't do with the numbers zero through dieci is make numbers bigger than dieci by stringing them together. Due zero is not the same as 20, although if you were in a pinch, you might be able to make someone understand that 20 was what you meant. Don't worry, we'll get to the rest of the numbers (1-1000) in the next few lessons.Pronouns. Pronouns (io, tu, Lei, egli, ella, noi, voi, essi, and loro) aren't anything that you can actually use yet, because I haven't given you any verbs. But as we progress, pronouns will be very important, so I'm introducing them now. The Italian pronouns are used almost always exactly the same way they are in English. In English, you would sayI went to the store.In Italian, you would just substitute io for I in the sentence above (we'll pretend that the rest of the sentence is really in Italian) and end up withIo went to the store.Trust me, how one uses these pronouns will make much more sense when we learn some verbs.意大利语学习第二课Lesson 2 - La Casa (the house)This week's new words:NOUNSla casa - housela cucina - kitchenla stanza - roomil bagno - bathroomla tavola - table, boardil tavolo - table, deskla parete - wallil muro - wallla porta - doorla sedia - chairil telefono - telephonela televisione - televisionla finestra - windowVERBSstare - to stay (seldom, to be)essere - to bePREPOSITIONSdi - of (belonging to, sometimes equiv. to English from)da - fromin - in (something)ADJECTIVESantipatico(-a) - unpleasantcarino(-a) - prettybuono(-a) - good/wellcomodo(-a) - comfortablecontento(-a) - happy/gladmalato(-a) - sick, illbrutto(-a) - uglygrande - bigpulito(-a) - cleancattivo(-a) - badnervoso(-a) - nervoussimpatico(-a) - sympathetic (person, situation)sporco(-a) - dirtytranquillo(-a) - calm, quietvecchio(-a) - oldNumbers 11-9911 undici12 dodici13 tredici14 quattordici15 quindici16 sedici17 diciassette18 diciotto19 diciannove20 venti21 ventuno22 ventidue23 ventitre24 ventiquattro25 venticinque26 ventisei27 ventisette28 ventotto29 ventinove30 trenta40 quaranta50 cinquanta60 sessanta70 settanta80 ottanta90 novantaColorsbianco(-a) - whitegiallo(-a) - yellowarancione - orangerosa - pinkrosso(-a) - redazzurro(-a) - blueverde - greenmarrone - browngrigio(-a) - greynero(-a) - blackPronunciationMost of the Italian alphabet is exactly like the English alphabet. Here are some exceptions from words in this lesson.c, ci, chThe Italian c has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the ch in chip, or like the k in kite. Unlike English, there are very strict rules about when the Italian c sounds like a ch or a k. If the c precedes (comes before) an e or an i, the c will have a ch sound. For example, undici. If the group ci precedes an a, o or u, it is also pronounced as ch AND the i is mute : ciao sounds as English chao. If the c precedes any other letter (a, o, u, or a consonant, although the latter is very rare), then it will have a k sound, as in comodo. If the group ch precedes an i, or an e, it is pronounced as k : chi sounds as English kee. The word cucina has both types of c in it - the first c makes the k sound, and the second c makes the ch sound.g, gi, ghThe Italian g has 2 possible sounds. It can sound like the g in got, or like the j or dg in judge. The rules are similar to the ones described above for c. Thus getto is pronounced as English jet-toh, and gioia as English joy-ah. While gotto and ghetto are pronounced as English got-toh andget-toh.j yIn Italian j and y are not used, and when they occur (in foreign or arcaic words), they are pronounced as an Italian i.wIn Italian w is not used, and when it occurs (in foreign words), a native Italian would pronounce it as a v.rr and all other double consonants.All times a double consonant is written, it is actually pronounced twice. It takes practice to do it well.vSounds exactly like in English.sThe Italian s may have two pronounciations. One of them is like English z or s : rosa is pronounced similarly to English rose with a terminal ah. The other one is like English s e.g. in set : sette is pronounced like set-teh. There are no definite rules on two pronounciations (although some dictionaries report the correct one), and there are regional variations in the pronounciation of the same word. In general you will be understood, even if your pronounciation may sound strange. As a rule of thumb, s followed by vowel in the second or further syllable of a word, has the z sound (e.g. rosa, casa), while s followed by vowel or consonant (usually t or p) at the beginning of a word is an s sound : sette, stare.zThe Italian z is pronounced much harder than an English, like sound ts, or tz, like in word tzar. There are actually two variant of the z sound in Italian, which are marked in dictionaries, but are subject to regional variations and make little difference for the everyday speaker.Two (not so) confusing verbs - essere and stareIf you have already read the New Words section, you probably noticed that the two verbs introduced this week sometimes may mean both to be. In fact however essere is the proper verb corresponding to to be. Stare means to stay, and is used where an English speaker would expect to use to be only in two cases. Confusing the two verbs is proper of popular speech in Southern Italy but feels somewhat uncouth.Verb ConjugationAs in English, verbs are conjugated, or take various forms, in Italian. In the present tense, there are 6 verb forms (persons), depending on who the subject of the verb is. Here are the conjugations for essere and stare:essere - to beio sono (I am)tu sei (you are)Lei /egli (lui) /ella (lei) /esso(-a) è (you (formal)/he/she/it is)noi siamo (we are)voi siete (you (plural) are)Loro/essi(-e)/loro sono (you (old formal plural)/they (things and persons)/they (persons) are) stare - to stayio sto (I stay)tu stai (you stay)Lei /egli (lui) /ella (lei) /esso(-a) sta (you (formal)/he/she/it stays)noi stiamo (we stay)voi state (you (plural) stay)Loro/essi(-e)/loro stanno (you (old formal plural)/they (things and persons)/they (persons) stay)Note that the conjugations for Lei (you), egli (he), ella/lei (she) and esso(-a) (it) use the same form of the verb. The same goes for their plurals (though the singular and the plural use different forms).* - You will note there are formal and familiar forms for the second person, unlike English where forms like thou are in disuse. It is important to use the proper one otherwise you'll look uneducated. In the singular form you use tu when addressing to a relative, a friend, a colleague or a child.It is felt uneducated and unkind to use tu when addressing a person you do not know. In such cases the form now preferred in modern Italian is Lei (literally, she, and verbs are conjugated like in the third person singular). I'll write this Lei with a capital L to make it clear. This is not necessary, although it is used e.g. in commercial letters. Note that the feminine form is used also when addressing to men : this is because she is your Lordship and the word Lordship in Italian is of feminine gender. In the popular speech in Northern Italy this is felt strange, and sometimes you'll hear Lui (literally, he) as a courtesy form for you when addressing a man. This usage is not recommended.Another courtesy form used to address a person instead of tu is Voi (literally, you, i.e. the plural form, like in English, and using the same conjugation of the plural form). This form is felt somewhat archaic (it might be used in the South or in the countryside, and was favoured by the Fascist regime).In the plural, nowadays use goes for voi both as a familiar and as a formal form. You would sound unusually formal, if you'd use Loro (literally, they) when addressing more than one persons. However sometimes it is used.I will include with all verb conjugations all the 6 main forms.A further note regarding the third person. Egli and ella, for he and she, are literary forms, which in spoken Italian are usually replaced by lui and lei (literally him and her). These are the masculine and feminine forms for persons. Esso and essa are the forms for it, and have amasculine and feminine form according to grammatical gender of the noun of the thing to which they refer. In the plural, essi and esse are respectively the masculine and feminine form for theyfor persons and things. However nowadays spoken Italian prefers loro (literally, them) for persons.Now that you have this pretty little conjugation, what does one do with it? Make sentences,of course. The conjugation of a verb tells you which form of the verb to use depending on who is the subject of the verb. In English we conjugate without thinking about it - I am, you are, he is, etc. You don't (normally) say I are or you is, because it's gramatically incorrect. Likewise in Italian, you don't say io sei, because it's just plain wrong. Here are some examples of using essere and stare:Io sono vecchio. (I am old.)Tu sei carina. (You are pretty.)Noi siamo nervosi. (We are nervous.)Lei sta sulla sedia. (She is on the chair.) Note thatLei e' seduta. (literally She is seated) is the form for She is in the chair.Essi sono sporchi. (They (the males) are dirty.)Now it's time to explain the differences between essere and stare, before we go any further. Essere means to be or to exist, while stare usually means to stay but can be used where English idiomatics use to be. The rules are summarized here:essere is used to indicate more permanent aspects of people or things, such as -1. Identity - Io sono Carla. (I am Carla)2.3. Profession - Egli è un professore. (He is a professor.)4.5. Origin - Noi siamo di Milano. (We are from Milan.)6.7. Religious or political affiliation - Tu sei cattolico? (You are Catholic?)8.9. Time of day or date - Sono le otto. (It is 8o'clock.) 10. 11. Possession - La casa è di Giovanna. (It is Giovanna's house.) 12. 13. Nationality - Sono Italiano. (I am from Italy.) 14. 15. Physical aspects or characteristics of something - Le sedie sono verdi. (The chairs are green.) 16. 17. Essential qualities of something or someone - Sono vecchio. Sei antipatico. (I am old. You are unpleasant.) 18. 19. Location - La sedia è in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.) 20. 21. but also, more rarely - La sedia sta in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.) 22. 23. Condition or emotion that is subject to change - Sono malato. (I am sick.) 24.25. Personal observations or reactions, how something seems or feels - La cucina è pulita. (The kitchen is (seems) clean.) 26. stare is used to indicate precise locations, in idioms and as auxiliary, such as -1. Idiomatic sentences - Sto bene.(I am well.)2.3. Idiomatic sentences - Sto male.(I feel bad.)4. 5. Location - La sedia sta in cucina. (The chair is in the kitchen.) 6. 7. Continuous tense - Sto correndo.(I am running.) 8. Notes: Notice that the verb form used for things like la sedia is theegli/ella/esso(-a) form. A chair is an it (below, you'll see that it's actually a she), which uses the egli/ella/esso(-a) form of the verb. Also notice that you can make sentences like Sono Italiano, without including the pronoun. To English speakers this may seem like saying Am from Italy, which we would never do, but in Italian, because the subject can be figured out by the form of the verb used (since the sentence used sono, the subject must be io, or I), there is no confusion about who the subject of the sentence is and the pronoun can be left out. If it would be unclear what the subject of the sentence is, then the pronoun has to be included.The above lists of when to use essere and stare have to be memorized - using them incorrectly means you will be less likely to be understood, and people will definitely know you arenot a native speaker. The same goes for the conjugations of essere and stare. Every Italian verb has a conjugation, and memorizing them just goes along with learning the language.Il, lo, la, un, uno and una (definite and indefinite articles)In Italian, as well as all the other Romance languages (French, Spanish, etc), all nouns have a gender associated with them. Chair is feminine, telephone is masculine. The way to tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine is to look at the il/lo or la that precedes the noun in the New Words section of these lessons. Il is the definite article that corresponds to masculine nouns - il professore, il telefono. La is the definite article that corresponds to feminine nouns - la casa, la tavola, la finestra. Whether a noun is considered feminine or masculine is generally based on the last letterof the noun. If the noun ends with an a, as in sedia or cucina, then it is most probably a feminine noun. If it ends with an o, such as muro or orologio (wristwatch), then it is always a masculine noun. Exceptions do exist to this rule - poeta (poet) is masculine - but the majority of Italian nouns behave normally. Nouns ending with an e, can be masculine or feminine, usually according to the meaning (like padre (father) and madre (mother) - but e.g. parete is feminine). The exceptions just have to be memorized as you come across them.When using nouns, you must make sure that you use the correct gender and number when using an identifier. The identifiers are il, lo, la, i, gli, le, un, uno and una. Il, lo and la are singular definite articles, which means you are talking about a specific thing. La sedia means the chair - you are talking about a specific chair. Un, uno and una are singular indefinite articles, which means you are taking about any member of a group of things. Una sedia means a chair - you are talking about any chair in general. The use of these identifiers is identical to the way you would say it in English - if you want to say a table, use una, and if you want to say the table, use la. i and gli are the plural of il and lo, and le is the plural of la. You use these plural definite articles when you are talking about several specific members of a group - i tavoli means the tables. There are no plural forms of uno and una, and to translate some when used in sentences, one must use indeterminate pronouns - dei tavoli means some tables. Note however that for uncountables nouns, where English uses no article (Wine is red), Italian will use an article (Il vino e' rosso).You may wonder why there are two forms for the masculine articles (il and lo, and their plurals i and gli, as well as un and uno). The first form is used when a noun begins with a consonant (il telefono), the second form is used when a noun begins with a vowel (un Italiano), or with s followed by a consonant, or with z, gn, ps or x. As a further complication, if a (masculine or feminine) noun begins with a vowel, the articles lo and la) are not written in full form (Lo Italiano, the Italian man, or Italian language) unless a new line starts across the two words, but in abbreviated form (L'Italiano) separated by an apostrophe. The apostrophe means something has been elided (left out). Even trickier (but this is how one recognizes who knows Italian !), with indefinite articles, the apostrophe is needed only for the feminine form (since for the masculine one REPLACES uno with un which is a valid existing form, thus : un Italiano (an Italian man) but un'Italiana (an Italian woman).Here are some examples using these articles:Le stanze sono grandi. (The rooms are big.)Delle sedie sono in cucina. (Some chairs are in the kitchen.)Il telefono è verde. (The telephone is green.)La parete è brutta. (The wall is ugly.)Di, da and inDi is Italian for of (or from, in the way sometimes used in English). La casa di Teresa means Teresa's house (literally, the house of Teresa). Sono di Milano means I am from Milan. Di is used most often to show posession or origin, as per the preceding examples. When di is followed by an il, as in la casa di il professore, the di and il are combined into del. So the only and correct way to say The (male) professor's house would be la casa del professore.Da is Italian for from, in all cases this indicates a motion. Since we haven't seen any verbs of motion, we can't make examples yet.In is Italian for …… in, as in inside something (not necessarily inside a physical object). It can be used to mean that something is inside something else, as in la sedia sta in cucina (the chair is in the kitchen), or that someone is somewhere, Marco è in Italia (Mark is in Italy).AdjectivesAgreementAdjectives are words that describe things, words like red, fast, and pretty. In English, there isn't much to using adjectives because they never change - the fast car or the cars are fast. In Italian, the adjective has to agree, in both gender and number, with whatever it is describing. If the adjective modifies a feminine noun, then the adjective uses a feminine ending. If the adjective modifies a masculine plural noun, then the adjective uses a masculine plural ending. Here are some adjectives with their various endings:carino - prettysingular masculine - carinosingular feminine - carinaplural masculine - cariniplural feminine - carinecomodo - comfortablesingular masculine - comodosingular feminine - comodaplural masculine - comodiplural feminine - comodebrutto - uglysingular masculine - bruttosingular feminine - bruttaplural masculine - bruttiplural feminine - bruttesporco - dirtysingular masculine - sporcosingular feminine - sporcaplural masculine - sporchiplural feminine - sporchebianco - whitesingular masculine - biancosingular feminine - biancaplural masculine - bianchiplural feminine - bianchenero - blacksingular masculine - nerosingular feminine - neraplural masculine - neriplural feminine - nereThe above rules are good for any adjective that ends in an -o or -a. Adjectives like grande and verde, that end in -e, do not have separate masculine and feminine forms and make plural in -i. So, you would say la stanza e' grande (the room is big), and il muro e' grande (the wall is big), as well as le sedie sono grandi (the chairs are big). There are exceptions to this rule, but that will be addressed in another lesson.Placement of adjectivesIn Italian, adjectives generally (poetry is different !) go after the noun they are describing. For example, il telefono rosso (the red telephone), and le professoresse vecchie (the old (female) professors). If you want to say that something is something, then the sentence structure is the same as in English, using the correct forms of essere: il telefono è rosso (the telephone is red); le professoresse sono vecchie (the (female) professors are old).Numbers 11-99The numbers 11-16, like the numbers 1-10 in Lesson 1, have slightly irregular forms - however they follow some patterns, much like they do in English. 17-19 follow another pattern. Eleven is undici, which is actually a contraction (shortening) of uno e dieci, or 1 and 10. Seventeen is Diciassette, or 10 and 7, and so on. Much like the teens in English - fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, etc.Twenty in Italian is venti. Twenty-one is ventuno (a contraction of venti e uno or twenty and one), 22 is ventidue (twenty and two), and so on. Thirty is trenta, 31 is trentuno, 38 is trentotto (thirty and 8). This pattern holds for all of the numbers 11 through 99 - first learn the base (such as venti (twenty), quaranta (forty), or ottanta (eighty)), then to make numbers in-between the bases, add the word for the second number onto the end (ventidue (twenty-two), quarantacinque(forty-five), ottantanove (eighty-nine)). If two vowels meet, the first one is dropped like invent(i)uno (twenty-one). Isn't that easy?ExamplesHere are some examples of sentences you can now make, using the words and grammar from these 2 lessons:Sono di MilanoTino è in cucina.La signorina è carina.Tu sei antipatico.La sedia è comoda.Milano è in Italia.Il professore vecchio è malato.Il telefono verde è sporco.Il bagno è in casa.La casa di Maria è arancione. (what a funny colour ?)Here are the translations for these sentences.意大利语学习第三课Italian Lesson 3 - a scuola (at school)。
意大利语(课堂PPT)

Cominciamo a studiare l’italiano
Cos’è L’Italia per voi?
2
L’italiano 意大利语
意大利语属于印欧语系的罗曼语族(拉丁语族) 意大利语由拉丁语(Latino)演变而来 意大利语在公元1200年前后正式形成 托斯卡纳(Toscana)地区的方言是现代标准意大
12
q-u cq-u
m n
/k/
questo
/k/
acqua
/m/
male
/n/
nome
13
gn
signore
舌面尽量上抬,贴住上颚,形成阻塞,使大部分气流从鼻腔出来
l
/l/
lago molto
后跟辅音时,要注意发音的连续
gl-i
figlio
舌面尽量上抬,舌尖抵下齿,舌与臼齿形成间隙, 气流从舌头两边的窄缝中挤出,声带振动
音(p、t、c)的发音不同于英语(不送气)。 学会大舌颤音(r)的发音。 重音一般落在每个单词的倒数第二个音节,但也有特殊,因此
重音的掌握较困难,刚学习时就要正确找对重音位置。
4
Alfabeto Italiano
/ VU
5
Le lettere straniere
6
La fonetica italiana
casa
浊辅音b, d, v, g前 sbaglio
16
sc-i,e sc-a,o,u /sk/
pesce scusa
z /ts/ -zz-
pizza
后跟i开头的二合元音 grazie
l,n,r后
terzo
/dz/
zero
17
《意大利语入门》教学大纲

有关说明
教材:
马格奈利(意)著,文铮译.新视线意大利语初级[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,2008.7
主要参考书:
赵秀英.速成意大利语(上、下册)[M].外文出版社,2000
考核办法:
总成绩由期末成绩(占70%)和平时成绩(占30%)组成。平时成绩包括考勤、课堂考核。
拟制签名: 审核签名: 审批签名:
D谈论天气
E节日与旅行
基本要求:掌握简单将来时的动词变位和先将来时的用法;了解节日和天气。
重点:掌握简单将来时的动词变位和先将来时的用法。
难点:不规则动词的简单将来时变位。
第6章在外面吃晚饭
A表示所属关系
B用于亲属称谓的物主形容词
C餐馆就餐
D一日三餐
E厨房用具及表达
基本要求:掌握物主形容词的用法;了解意大利饮食。
集美大学意大利语入门课程教学大纲
第 3 页共5页
教学内容及基本要求(分章节)
D情态动词的近过去时
E听、说、写能力训练
基本要求:掌握近过去时的用法;理解过去分词和副词;了解酒吧等公共场所的表达方式。
重点:掌握近过去时的用法。
难点:过去分词的用法。
第5章节日与旅行
A简单将来时
B乘火车旅行
C先将来时的用法
A寄信,寄包裹
B询问时间
C询问地点
D表达疑问
E表示所属关系
F回敬谢意
G月份季节,谈论价格
基本要求:掌握时间、地点的表达,月份和季节的表达;理解前置词、部分冠词和物主形容词;了解信函、邮件和电话的表达方式。
重点:时间、地点的表达。
难点:前置词的用法。
第4章在酒吧
A谈论过去,业余活动
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意大利语语音课教师姓名源自刘 刚2009年 2009年9月
意大利语语音课
第一课 意大利语属于印欧语系的罗马语族,是由拉丁语演变而来的。 意大利语属于印欧语系的罗马语族,是由拉丁语演变而来的。其词汇主要来 自拉丁语,语法特点也与拉丁语相仿。 自拉丁语,语法特点也与拉丁语相仿。现在意大利语的标准语是以托斯卡纳地区 佛罗伦萨所在大区)的方言为基础,经过演变逐渐形成的。 (佛罗伦萨所在大区)的方言为基础,经过演变逐渐形成的。托斯卡纳地理位置 优越,政治地位重要。该地区的方言本身有拉丁语十分近似, 优越,政治地位重要。该地区的方言本身有拉丁语十分近似,加之十三四世纪意 大利杰出文人但丁、薄伽丘等都用托斯卡纳方言著书,对其进行艺术加工, 大利杰出文人但丁、薄伽丘等都用托斯卡纳方言著书,对其进行艺术加工,逐渐 使托斯卡纳一带的方言成了规范的意大利语。 使托斯卡纳一带的方言成了规范的意大利语。 意大利是歌剧的摇篮、美声唱法( cando)的故乡 素有“音乐之乡” 的故乡, 意大利是歌剧的摇篮、美声唱法(bel cando)的故乡,素有“音乐之乡”之 意大利美声唱法( cando几百年来一直是各国歌唱家艺术家们所追求的 称。意大利美声唱法(bel cando几百年来一直是各国歌唱家艺术家们所追求的 歌唱技巧的最高境界。( cando最初是指古典意大利歌剧咏叹调风格的演唱 。(bel 歌唱技巧的最高境界。(bel cando最初是指古典意大利歌剧咏叹调风格的演唱 技巧,注重声音的美感及音色的平均,注重歌唱的圆滑线条及平顺精致, 技巧,注重声音的美感及音色的平均,注重歌唱的圆滑线条及平顺精致,是一种 特种技巧的歌唱学派,强调优美的分句、美丽的音调以及是声音辉煌的技巧。) 特种技巧的歌唱学派,强调优美的分句、美丽的音调以及是声音辉煌的技巧。) 而意大利的bel cando歌唱学派的形成 歌唱学派的形成、 而意大利的bel cando歌唱学派的形成、发展以及今天的久盛不衰是与意大利歌 剧的产生分不开的。1637年意大利威尼斯城开设了世界上第一座歌剧院 年意大利威尼斯城开设了世界上第一座歌剧院, 剧的产生分不开的。1637年意大利威尼斯城开设了世界上第一座歌剧院,西方公 认的第一部歌剧《达芙妮》由意大利作曲家佩里( Peri,1561-1633)作曲 作曲。 认的第一部歌剧《达芙妮》由意大利作曲家佩里(Jacopi Peri,1561-1633)作曲。后 来意大利作曲家A.斯卡拉蒂 斯卡拉蒂( Scarlati,1666-1725)的歌剧 的歌剧, 来意大利作曲家A.斯卡拉蒂(Alessandro Scarlati,1666-1725)的歌剧,很快传遍西 欧各国。不仅意大利作曲家写意大利歌剧,德国、奥地利、 欧各国。不仅意大利作曲家写意大利歌剧,德国、奥地利、英国作曲家也用意大 利语写作歌剧。例如作曲家:贝利尼、多尼采蒂、威尔第、莫扎特、 利语写作歌剧。例如作曲家:贝利尼、多尼采蒂、威尔第、莫扎特、亨德尔等人 创作了大量以意大利语演唱的声乐作品,也是为bel cando风格留下了后世的精 创作了大量以意大利语演唱的声乐作品,也是为bel cando风格留下了后世的精 神财富。 神财富。所以声乐
艺术繁荣发达,与意大利语是多元音文字及其语言特点有很密切的关系,意大利 艺术繁荣发达,与意大利语是多元音文字及其语言特点有很密切的关系, 语语音清楚,音序均匀而有节奏,每个音发出来都正而浑厚,富有歌唱感。 语语音清楚,音序均匀而有节奏,每个音发出来都正而浑厚,富有歌唱感。
意大利语字母表
字母 A B C D E F G H I L M N O a b c d e f g h i l m N o 名 称 a bi ci di e effe gi acca i elle emme enne o 外 来 字 母 P Q R S T U V Z J K W X Y 字 母 p q r s t u v z j k w x y 名 pi cu erre esse ti u vu zeta ilunga cappa doppiavu ics ipsilon 称
意大利语的发音基本特点
(一)1 元音 (vocali) vocali) 都是发音清楚,无弱化现象,即使是非重读元音。 都是发音清楚,无弱化现象,即使是非重读元音。 2 e和o 有开口音è / ò和闭口音é/ó 的区分 e和 有开口音è 和闭口音é sò 如 开口音 l è i vó 闭口音 légge vóce 3 i 唇作扁平状 (二) 辅音 (consonanti) consonanti) 1 特点 :结尾辅音要清楚 如 sud sord 2 发音器官肌肉紧张度较大,一般比汉语和英语发 发音器官肌肉紧张度较大, 音略显紧张,意大利语发音清脆利索。 音略显紧张,意大利语发音清脆利索。
意大利语是属于印欧语系中的罗曼语系,他是拉丁语 意大利语是属于印欧语系中的罗曼语系, 发展而来的,其基础是托斯卡纳方言。 发展而来的,其基础是托斯卡纳方言。 特点:语言清晰,每个音发出来平正、浑厚、 特点:语言清晰,每个音发出来平正、浑厚、非常的 连贯,有利于美声的发音。 连贯,有利于美声的发音。 意大利语的共有二十一个字母,(另加五个外来字母) 意大利语的共有二十一个字母,(另加五个外来字母) ,(另加五个外来字母 其中有元音字母五个,辅音字母十六个。 其中有元音字母五个,辅音字母十六个。共代表和组成了 三十个因素。其中七个元音音素,二十三个辅音音素。 三十个因素。其中七个元音音素,二十三个辅音音素。 元音: a e i o u 元音: 辅音: b c d f g h l m n p q r s t v z 辅音: 外来字母: (外来字母用于人名 外来字母用于人名、 外来字母: j k w x y (外来字母用于人名、地名及 外来语中)。 外来语中)。
3 辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分,其中有几对清浊辅音 辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分, 区分十分严格, 区分十分严格, d如 : b-p d - t g - c s - s 4 有大舌颤音 r 而汉语中没有,因而要正确掌握要 而汉语中没有, 领 5 辅音字母h本身不发音,但放在字母c和h后变成ch 辅音字母h本身不发音,但放在字母c 后变成ch gh为舌根音 为舌根音。 和gh为舌根音。如:chitarra larghe (三)术语 1 Buongiorno ! 5 ciao 2 Grazie ! 6 Amo la cina 3 prego ! 7 Amo la musica 4 Bravo ! (阴阳性之分)bravo 阳性brava 阴性 阴阳性之分) 阳性brava 作业 :读熟 语音表