2022高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题十情态动词和虚拟语气学案含解析北师大版

专题十 情态动词和虚拟语气
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2.(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers,I not be where I am.
3.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age,the loss o f data cause serious problems for a company.
4.(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
5.(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.
6.(2018·天津卷)I can’t find my purse.I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday,but I’m not sure.
7.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.
8.(2018·天津卷)If we (catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
9.My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
10.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I able to reach her yesterday.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
4.(2015·全国Ⅰ卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.
5.(2014·全国Ⅱ卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music. 考点归纳
一、情态动词 考点一 can 与could
can 表现在的能力,could 主要指过去的能力。

表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to The little boy can speak two foreign
languages.
Could the girl read before she went to school?
Everyone was able to escape when the
fire broke out.
表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真Although you can find bargains in
考点二 shall
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall You shall do as your father says. Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.
用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示 Shall the man standing outside have a try?
考点三 must
表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t 表示禁止。

对比:have to 表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态 The work must be finished as soon as possible. OK,then,you mustn’t forget your medical card.
以must 开头的问句,其否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to —Must I pay in cash? —No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
续 表
表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪 —Can I smoke here?
—No.Go to the smoking section,if you must. 表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中 Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.
考点四 should 与oughtto
表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。

ought to 的语气比should 强烈 Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.
表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼 It’s nearly 8 o’clock.He should be here at the moment.
表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”You should wear slippers in the classroom.
用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气If I should see him,I would tell him the news.
可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。

usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。

IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.
考点七need与dare
this manner.
考点九情态动词+havedone
二、虚拟语气
考点一虚拟语气用于条件句中
If条件句的虚拟语气
与将来
事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形
If it should rain
tomorrow,we would not go
camping.
.有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。

常用的词或短语有:without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but 等。

Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.
2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegoneabroad.(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况)
3.省略if的虚拟语气
如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo totheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.
Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthe bus.
考点二wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
考点三谓语必须用“(should+)动词原形”的情况
表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令
(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求
(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主
语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。

这些动词相应的名词后的
表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动词原形”。

The teacher
ordered that
the homework
(should) be
handed in on
time.
My mom suggests
that we
(should) eat
out for a
change this
weekend.
在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame 等+that 从句,表示情绪、观点等的句型中,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。

It is a pity
that he (should) refuse to accept the
offer.
当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。

Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedhe was happy.
他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。

Theboyinsistedhe hadn’tstolen themoney.
那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。

考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Could I look at your pictures?
—Yes,of course you .
2.I wish I able to tell him all about it last night.
3.If I (have) more time,I would have gone with him.
4.The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King (arrest) right away.
5.The man insisted that he (send) there.
6.How I wish I (can) be three years younger!
7. (be) I you,I would take an umbrella with me.
8.Look at the clock!It’s (high) time we (go) home.
9.He ordered the work (start) at once.
10.I’d rather you (stay) at home all day today.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.You can be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
2.He brother mustn’t be at home now,because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.
3.What do you think I should do?If you are me,would you talk to them?
4.Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
5.It was suggested that an armed guard stood in readiness,protecting the president.
6.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.
7.If I haven’t seen it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.
8.He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.
9.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother will take me to Disneyland at weekends.
10.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I have time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Miss Fang 1. (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2.go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“Y ou 3. see a doctor as soon as possible,”she said.“You 4. need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time,she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5. see her at 3:30.
Miss Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3:30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7.take you at about ten to four,” the appointment clerk suggested.
“8. I put you down for ten to four,or 9. you rather come tomorrow?”
Miss Fang thought she 10. (not) waste any more time.The teacher 11. be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early,as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied,“I think I 12. make it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher,“13. I leave at 3:45 today?I 14.have an eye examination.” As expected,the teacher said,“Yes,of course you 15..”
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear mum and Dad,
The College Entrance Examination is around the corner.I wish I can have a heart-to-heart talk about you.The exam will be in three weeks,what makes me under great pressure.So I need your frequent support and time help.
Mom and Dad,I am full aware of my responsibilities.In order to make a full use of the time,I decide to make a little detailed study plans for the ex am.It’s also necessary that I did some physical exercise once in a while so that I keep healthy.All in all,I’m quite confident of my future life and I do hope you good health and a happy life.
Yours
Li Hua
专题十情态动词和虚拟语气
核心考点·课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.1.can2.would3.may/can4.should5.had6.could/might have left7.had driven 8.had caught 9.needn’t10.wouldn’t have been
Ⅱ.1.去掉to 2.can→should或去掉can 3.chose→choose
4.found→find
5.sat→sit
专项训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.1.can 2.had been 3.had had 4.(should)be arrested 5.(should)be sent 6.could 7.Were 8.went 9.(should) be started
10.stayed
Ⅱ.1.can→must2.mustn’t→can’t3.are→were4.去掉tell前的to
5.stood→stand
6.is→were
7.haven’t→hadn’t
8.can’t→needn’t
9.will→would10.have→had
Ⅲ.1.couldn’t2.should 3.should 4.might 5.could 6.would
7.might 8.Shall 9.would 10.shouldn’t11.shouldn’t12.can
13.May/Can 14.must 15.can
Ⅳ.Dear mum and Dad,
The College Entrance Examination is around the corner.I wish I have a heart-to-heart talk you.The exam will be in three weeks, makes me under great pressure.So I need your frequent support and help.
Mom and Dad,I am aware of my responsibilities.In order to make
a
full use of the time,I decide to make a detailed study plans for the exam.It’s also necessary that I some physical exercise once in a while so that I keep healthy.All in all,I’m quite confident of my future life and I do
you good health and a happy life.
Yours
Li Hua。