外文翻译屋顶花园解析

扬州大学大学
本科毕业设计（论文）
外文参考文献译文及原文
论文题目__________________________
学部______________________________
专业______________________________
班级______________________________
学号______________________________
学生姓名__________________________
指导教师__________________________
目录
城市环境下的绿色屋顶 (1)
GREEN ROOFS IN THE CITY ENVIRONMENT (6)
德国屋顶花园绿化 (13)
20
Roof Garde n in Germa ny
城市环境下的绿色屋顶
摘要
本研究旨在呈现建在这个世纪的近代历史先例的屋顶草坪和花园，展现真实提供了
目前水平的防水建筑和园艺技术来改善城市环境的可能性。

在欧洲，尤其是在过去的十年中，可用数量的信息在“绿色屋顶”已经大幅增加了。

国内最早领域的尝试“绿色屋顶”是最近几年，但建筑行业还没有很好的解决这个结构和生态的方案，这被认为是有点好奇。

主要原因是这种态度、可用的国际信息（根据经验，讨论论文，研究、指导方针、手册等）没有达到那些专业人士、潜在投资者和建筑商，他们的决定是普遍接受“绿色屋顶”为前提的。

1. 概念和历史
屋顶花园的概念可以追溯到最早的实际上是为了人的建筑活动。

在整个历史过程中
我们可以看到一个需求是在屋顶种植植被，其中最著名的是古代文明巴比伦的空中花园。

在罗马帝国时代和中世纪的绿色屋顶被统治阶级主要用于显示奢侈。

在现代，特别是在二十世纪的建筑，绿色的花园被视为一种自然现象。

一个特殊的实现可以观察到屋顶花园在北欧的本土建筑在其传统的斜屋顶上的草。

如今，时代的人口稠密的城市地区缺乏绿色草皮引起关注，因为这个原因，生态建筑的支持者在欧洲已经集中解决几十年来与技术和绿化的有关问题，恢复绿色区域。

长视为历史上罕见的特点之前，开发的技术方法论要求屋顶花园并未确立，因此几乎没有任何可能性的广泛传播。

在欧洲的经验在过去的15年创建长满草的屋顶--屋顶花园，已经导致了这种信息的宝贵来源，利用目前可用的屋面保温材料，可以设计优秀的多层次的、运转良好的绿色屋顶。

例如，绿色屋顶的解决方案涉及一个测序的层和使用合适的材料，介绍了在德国、
奥地利、瑞士和可以适应的其他地方，选择植物和保健技术是依赖于气候和地理位置，因此不能直接采用。

在匈牙利的绿色屋顶使用主要是国内植物或这些外来品种长期适应应该考虑。

有一个好机会获得成功的屋顶如果这些植物适应国内的气温和干燥。

到1970年底时，在欧洲，绿色屋顶的概念被理解为所谓的密集的绿色屋顶花园。

在过去的十年，由于改变的观点，广泛的屋顶已经得到广泛应用。

这些屋顶已经被一个更
加生态城市规划的概念，特别是在设计广泛的工业建筑。

观察密集型屋顶已经表明，直接利用屋顶花园是微不足道的。

2. 施工
成本削减需求以及更轻的屋顶结构一直激励力量走向后面使用薄层状、更经济可行的广泛的绿色屋顶的解决方案。

更简单的建设和维护选项已经把广泛的解决方案在一个更有利的位置。

密集的屋顶花园的发展，大量的水和肥料是可用的，但是相应的，他们并没有持续多久。

与广泛的屋顶花园干草和草原类型植被得到地面以及自然发芽和持久的植物。

可以观察到，自然植被能够再生发芽没有保健。

绿色屋顶的解决方案在北欧共同利用一个厚层植被。

然而，更多的是在这些地区降水特点然后在匈牙利，和有一个高的湿度以及整体水平。

在中欧地区天气条件是不太有利的绿色屋顶。

气候干燥和有一个更大的温度波动的气候。

因此，对于广泛的绿色屋顶，水分平衡的屋顶必须仔细计划。

在这些情况下不同的排水层扮演了一个重要的角色（见图1）以及边坡的程度和使用排水方法。

pr^cultwoUd
vc^elatian cov^r pressed PVC layer
d.
GREEN ROOF VARIETIES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF DRAINAGE
gravd drainqge malcrtQl
a 图2.1绿色屋顶品种
的排水角度
有一个很好的机会，在欧洲中部产生了所谓的简单的密集型绿色屋顶的解决方案， 即使是一些护理，也可以是一个可行的解决方案。

在这个范畴内护理绿色屋顶，我们指 的是必要的水供应，定期添加营养物质，切割和修剪。

基于国际绿色屋面做法，以及国内绿色屋面实验，它可以确定，目前绿色屋顶是现 实的替代品替代发达前绿色区域。

大数量的现有的平屋顶和在建可以转化为生态功能的 表面。

长满草的屋顶--屋顶花园提供一个优势绝缘屋顶和屋顶露台。

一个重要的优势是愉 快、宁静的视图。

绿色表面尤其可取为减轻刚性，箱式效应的建筑物。

在1920年的勒•柯 布西耶在他的著名论文在现代建筑，既指出了潜力扩大积极的生活地区屋顶花园。

如今，发展的要求一个更健康的城市环境越来越迫切，因为空气污染是接近的公差 范围。

蒸发和氧气产生效应的种植植被屋顶的建筑物可以有助于改善小气候。

蒸发控制 空气温度和湿度，空气变得清洁paroi?s vegetation
iay«r
sandwich t/pe
drainage layer h^at insulation and drainage layer
而增加生产的氧气。

除尘效果的植被也显著应用以确保更有利的和更清洁的生活环境。

对保留的降水和
径流的延迟，绿色屋顶降低了在地下排水网络的应用。

绿色屋顶种植植被增加绝缘能力，提高建筑物的能源平衡，导致能源储蓄。

毫无疑问，绿色屋顶使建筑物荷载越来越更重的屋顶结构是必要的。

值得注意的是，尽管如此，屋顶隔热层压低的砾石负载不超过压力负载的广泛的绿色屋顶层。

因此，我们可以问--砾石或草吗？--当谈到反沉淀绝缘负载在屋顶上。

从生态观点毫无疑问关于正确的答案。

通常绿色屋顶的分类按照功能、类型的植被来规划植被层的厚度。

对于广泛的绿色屋顶我们正在谈论耐寒、耐旱的植物在一个绝缘层上方开发与薄膜的土壤混合物和挡水膜，不适合支持人类体重不断。

厚度的广泛的绿色屋顶是不到20
厘米，和典型的表面质量是低于150公斤/平方米。

对于广泛的绿色屋顶，植被层是由耐旱的草、短岩石花园植物和草原植物群。

通常这些不需要常规护理，除了在移植时期。

对于简单的宽广的屋顶，经过一些防水处理、规划和安装，能够建立植被层和种植。

密集的特征是，它们绿色屋顶有一个厚的植被层比空旷的屋顶更好的进行屋顶保
温，因此它可以充分被利用作为一个屋顶花园。

他们适用于不同类型和大小的植物常绿乔木和灌木。

灌木，他们需要经常护理和营养添加剂。

他们可以是功能的屋顶和花园地区，因此，一些元素可以应用的园林设计，利用藤蔓缠绕、筛选、走道、凳子、覆盖等厚度的屋顶结构是通常密集花园20多厘米，
通常20至40厘米，必须提供空间发展中植物的根和一个更大的根系统。

表面结构的质量超过150公斤/平方米。

开发一个密集的屋顶花园总是需要团队合作，合作努力的建筑师、设计师、结构工程师、景观设计师是至关重要的。

一般来说，在实践中，绿色屋顶的屋顶因为在上组合的情况下两个地壳通风屋顶，轻的上流社会不适合支持更多的负载。

异常是那些广泛的绿色屋顶只有几厘米的厚度，可以建立在打火机上地壳。

也适合绿色屋顶建筑屋顶的组合和绝缘屋顶薄膜应用太。

在案件的屋顶改造，保持旧的隔热层和采用新的防水板层以及准备额外的绝缘，一个绿色屋顶的基础上层建筑可以建立。

自然，添加额外的重量在旧屋顶只能如果负载能力的顶板支护结构已经正确检查。

从理论上讲，一个绿色屋顶可以建立了表面上的任何平屋顶，如果它是防水和天花板结构可以负载。

自然根电阻保护需要处理。

基本上有两种类型的根保护。

在分离类型的根保护系统薄膜不是根耐穿刺的，但简称“FLL'阻力试验的四年试验周期尚未完成日期，因为这个原因，它是暂时使用一个单独的根保护层。

因此，对于分离系统的根，根护层保护是放置在一个不同的水平。

对于一个集成的根保护系统，防
水膜本身是被证明是根抗，所以额外的保护是不必要的。

对于传统的屋顶平台解决方案，蒸汽负荷来自下方必须封锁，因为通常的通风的隔汽层几乎是不可能的，从审美的角度看，要避免通风管道。

对于I.R.M.A的解决方案，防水膜是在绝缘和没有蒸汽屏障层。

这种方式有少层和施工工艺简化。

是众所周知的，只有关闭细胞挤压硬泡沫聚苯乙烯保温使用(Roofmate)，插图和桁架在一层。

相比传统的建设屋顶组成，大约20%的厚保温应被使用，由于绝缘
表面的润湿，这导致冷却效果。

一个要求对于承载的屋顶结构是适当的保温能力，钢铁水泥结构屋面质量250公斤/平方米最低标准。

以上的其他层的保温应安装材料适合通风和扩散的蒸汽。

在选择绿色屋顶施工方案与绝缘屋顶薄膜应用，上升的趋势应该考虑绝缘的，因此可能会提出一个浅广泛屋顶障碍。

双重绝缘平屋顶的防水是定位在底部的层，这是便宜的，质量差，然后，在可能需要根保护层，来前绝缘层，它必须具有相同的质量为I.R.M.A这里有更少的危险与绝缘
的上升然后I.R.M.A这里也应该被考虑。

如果双重绝缘屋顶是新的，那么蒸汽屏障层是省略(工程批准)。

如果双重绝缘的屋顶是用在屋顶保温改造，那么自然，原始层可以包含
一个蒸汽块和蒸汽压均衡器层太。

在改造旧屋顶保温，轻的广泛的绿色解决方案是可取的，因为一般负载容量限制必须被考虑。

考虑到欧洲中部的气候，在这些情况下使用薄草皮或植被将是合适的，定期护理。

3. 总结
对于那些未来的业主、建筑师和建筑商谁接受和维护生态建筑的观点，绿色屋顶系统提供机会为一个审美和健康环境的创建屋顶种植绿色植被。

技术和景观要求可供建筑的屋顶，屋顶花园唯一需要的就是行动遵循的规范和规划，与人类的建设性的功能，这个地区是取自大自然来复活在我们的直接环境。

GREEN ROOFS IN THE CITY ENVIRONMENT
Prof. Dr. Attila Koppa ny
Abstract
The purpose of this short study is to prese nt the historical precede ntsof roof law ns and garde ns built in this cen tury, and to show the real possibilities offered by the prese nt level of water-proof buildi ng and garde ning tech niq ues to improve the city en vir onment. In Europe, particularly in the last decade, the
available amount of information on ' greenoofs 'as in creased sig ni ?ca ntly. The?rst domestic attempts in the ?eld of ' gree n roofs ' were m the recent years, but the building profession has not been friendly towards this structural, ecological solution, and it was considered somewhat curious. The main reason for such an attitude is that the available intern ati onal in formatio n (based on experie nces, debate papers, studies, guideli nes, han dbooks etc.) has not reached those professi on als, pote ntial inv estors, and builders whose decision is necessary for the widespreaabceptanee of ' green roofs '.
1 CONCEPT AND HISTORY
The con cept of roof garde ns can be traced back virtually to the earliest build ing activities of man. Throughout the course of history we can see a dema nd for pla nting vegetati on on roofs, among the most famous being an cie nt civilizatio n ' s hanging garde ns of Babyl on. During the Roman Empire and in the middle Ages green roofs were used by the ruling classes mainly for showing extravaganee. In modern times and especially in twentieth century architecture, gree n garde ns are treated as a n atural phe nomenon. A special impleme ntati on of roof garde ns can be observed in Northern Europe ' native architecture in its tradition of slanted grassy rooftops. Nowadays and in the age of densely populated urban areas the lack of green turf causes concern, and for this reas on the prop onents of ecological architecture in Europe have bee n inten sively dealt for several decades with the tech ni cal and Ian dscap ing issues relati ng to
Up through the end of the 1970 s, in
Europeephefcg neen roof was un derstood to be
the restoratio n of gree n areas. Long con sidered as un com mon peculiarities earlier in history, the
developme nt of the tech ni cal-methodological requireme nts for roof garde ns had not bee n established,
and therefore there was hardly any possibility of their exte nsive spread.
The experie nces gained in Europe duri ng the last 15 years in the creatio n of grassy rooftops and rooftop garde ns, have led to such inv aluable sources of in formati on that, with the utilization of currently avai lable roo?ng insulation materials, it is possible to design excellent multi-layered, well-functioning green roofs. For example, the green roof solutions involving a sequencing of layers and use of suitable materials, introduced in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, can be adapted well elsewhere. The choice of employed plants and care tech niq ues are depe ndent upon the climate and geographic locatio n, and therefore cannot be directly adopted. In Hungarian green roofs the use of primarily domestic plants or those alien varieties that have long acclimatized should be considered. There is a good chance of achieving success of grassy rooftops if domestic, uncultivated, heat and dryness tolerant
grasses are used.
the so called in ten sive gree n roof garde n. During the last ten years, however, as a result of a cha nge in point of view, the exte nsive roofs have become widespread. These roofs have give n way to a more ecological city planning concept, especially in the design of extensive in dustrial build in gs. Observati on of in ten sive roofs has show n that the direct utilizati on of roof garde ns is n egligible.
2 CONSTRUCTIONS
Cost cutt ing requireme nts as well as lighter roof structures have bee n motivati ng forces behind the move toward the use of the thin layered, more economically viable extensive green roof solutio n. The simpler con structi on and maintenance opti ons have placed the exte nsive solution in a more favorable position.
The inten sive roof garde ns developed well where ple nty of water and fertilizer were available, but left alone, they didn ' t last long.
With exte nsive roof garde ns the dry grasses and steppe-type vegetati on gained ground as well as the naturally sprouting and enduring plants. It has been observed that the naturally sprouting vegetation is able to regenerate annually without care.
The green roof solutions common in Northern Europe utilized a thicker layer of vegetation. However, much more precipitation is characteristic in these areas then in Hungary, and there is a higher overall
level of humidity as well. In Central Europe the weather conditions for green roofs are somewhat less favorable.
The climate is drier and there is a greater ?uctuation in temperature. Therefore, in the case of extensive green roofs, the moisture-balance property of the roofs has to be carefully planned. In these casesthe different drainage layers play a signi?cant role (see ?gure 1) as well as the degree of the slope and the usage of drainage method.
Figure 1:
pr^cult
watgcl
vCQ^Iat
GREEN ROOF VAREETIES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF DRAINAGE
There is a good cha nee of the survival of the so called simpler inten sive gree n roof soluti on, which, with some care, can be a viable solution even in Central Europe. In this category, under care, we mean
the necessary water supply, periodical addition of nutrients, cutting and mowi ng.
Based on intern ati onal gree n ro? ng practices, as well as domestic gree n roong experime nts, it can be determ ined that curre ntly gree n roofs are realistic alter natives for the replaceme nt of developed former gree n areas. The great nu mber of existin?pt roofs and those un der con struct ion can be conv erted in to ecologically fun cti oning surfaces. Grassy roofs and roof garde ns provide an adva ntage over in sulated roofs and roof terraces.
gravel drainage mater tQl a. poroijs vegetatiom iay«r
pressed PVC Layer
d.
One importa nt adva ntage is the pleasa nt, tranq uil view. Gree n surfaces are especially desirable for lesse ning the rigid, box-ype effect of build in gs. In the 1920 ' s Le Corbusier, ir his acclaimed thesis on moder n architecture, already poin ted out the pote ntials for expa nding the active livi ng areas with roof garde ns.
Nowadays, the dema nd for the developme nt of a healthier urba n en vir onment is gett ing more and more urge nt since air polluti on is n eari ng the limits of tolera nee. The evaporati on and oxyge n produc ing effect of the pla nted vegetatio n on the roofs of buildi ngs can con tribute to the improvement of the microclimate. Evaporation controls the air temperature and humidity, the air beco ming clea ner with the in creased product ion of oxyge n.
Dust removal effect of vegetati on is also sig n?ca nt en suri ng more favourable and clea ner living conditions. With the retention of precipitation and the delay of run-off, the green roof decreases the strain on the gutter n etwork. Gree n roofs pla nted with vegetatio n have an in creased in sulati ng capacity which improve the bala nce of en ergy of the build in gs, lead ing to en ergy sav in gs. There is no doubt that gree n roofs cost more and a stron ger heavier roof structure is n eeded. It should be no ted, however, that the roof in sulati on layers held dow n by the gravel load do not exceed the stress load of the exte nsive gree n roof layers.
Therefore, we can ask - gravel or grass? - When speaking about the anti-precipitation insulation load on the roof. From an ecological viewpoint there is no doubt about the correct an swer. Usually gree n roofs are classi?ed accord ing to function, type of vegetati on, and the thick ness of the vegetati on layer. In the case of exte nsive gree n roofs we are talk ing about hardy, dryn ess tolera nt ?ora above an insulation layer developed with a thin membrane of soil mixture and a water retaining membrane, not suitable for supporting human weight constantly. The thickness of the extensive green roofs is less than 20cm, and the typical surface mass is less than 150kg/m2.
In the case of extensive green roofs, the vegetation layer is made up of dryness tolerant grasses,short rock garde n pla nts, and steppe ?ora. Usually these do not require regular care, except during the transplanting period. In the case of simpler extensive roofs, the insulation installers, after some training, are able to build up the vegetation layer and do the planting.
Characteristic of the intensive green roofs is that they have a thicker vegetation layer above the roof insulation than the one on the extensive roof, and therefore it can fully be utilized as a roof garden. They are suitable for different types and sizes of plants from evergreen trees and bushes to shrubs.
They require regular care and nutrient additives. They can be functional roof and garden areas, and therefore, some of the elements of garden design can be applied, utilizing pergolas, screening, covered walkways, benches, etc. The thickness of intensive garden roof structures is generally more than 20cm, usually between 20 and 40cm. Space must be provided for the developing roots of plants with a larger root system. The mass of the surface structure is more than 150kg/m2. The development of an intensive roof garden always requires team work, the cooperative effort of architect, designer, structural engineer and landscape architect is essential. Generally, in practice, green roofs are on built-up roofs, since in the case of the two-crust ventilated roofs, the lighter upper crust is not suitable for the support of more load. Exceptions are those extensive green roofs which are only a few centimeters in thickness, which can be built on the lighter upper crust. Also suitable for green roof building are the built-up roof and the insulated roof membrane application too. In cases of roof renovation, keeping the old insulation layers a nd with the use of new waterproo?ng plies as well as preparation additional insulation, the basis of a green roof superstructure can be built up. Naturally, the addition of extra weight on the old roof can only be done if the load capacity of the roof support structure has been properly checked.
Theoretically, a green roof can be built up on the surface of any ?at roof, if it is waterproof and the ceiling structure can take the load. Naturally the root resistance protection needs to be dealt with. Basically there are two types of root protection. In the separated type of root protection system the membrane is not root resistant, but the FLL resistance test ' s fo test period has not been completed to date, and for this reason, it is temporarily used with a separate root protection layer. Therefore, in the case of a separated system of root protection, the root protecting layer is placed on a distinct level. In the case of an integrated root protection system, the waterproof membrane itself is proven to be root resistant, so additional protect ion is unn ecessary. For conven tio nal ?at roof solutio ns, the vapor load coming from beneath must be blocked, since the usual ventilation of vapor barrier is hardly possible, and from an aesthetic point of view, ven tilatio n pipes are to be avoided.
For I.R.M.A. type solutions, the waterproo?ng membrane is underneath the insulation and there is no vapor barrier layer. This way there are less layers and the con struct ion tech no logy is simpli?ed. As is gen erally known, on ly closed cell extruded hard polystyre ne foam thermal in sulati on is to be used (Roommate), with in set and truss in one layer. Compared to the con struct ion of the conven ti onal built-up roof, about a 20% thicker thermal in sulati on should be used, due to the moiste ning of the in
sulati on surface, and the cooli ng effect this causes. A requireme nt regard ing the load carry ing roof structure is the proper heat retai ning capacity, with a steel-ceme nt structure roof mass of 250kg/m2 mi nimum criteri on. Above the thermal in sulati on the other layers should be in stalled with materials suitable for ven tilati on and diffusi on of vapors .In choos ing the gree n roof con structi on soluti on with in sulated roof membrane application, the rising tendency of the insulation should be considered, and therefore a shallow exte nsive roof might prese nt an obstacle.
With dual insulated ?at roofs, the waterproo?ng is positioned at the bottom layer which is cheaper and has a poorer quality, and then, after the possibly required root protection layer, comes the top insulation layer, which has to have the same quality as the I.R.M.A. Here there is less dan ger of rising the n with the in sulati on of I.R.M.A., here too it should be con sidered. If the dual insulated roof is new, then the vapor barrier layer is omitted (with engineering approval). If the dual insulated roof is used in the renovation of roof insulation, then naturally, the origi nal layers could contain a vapor-block and vapor-pressure equalizer layer too.
In the renovation of old roof insulation; the lighter extensive green solutions are advisable, since gen erally the load capacity limits have to be con sidered. In these cases the use of thi n sod or a precultivated vegetation cover would be suitable, with periodical care, considering the climate of Cen tral Europe.
3 SUMMARY
For those future home own ers, architects, and builders who accept and assert the views of ecological architecture, the gree n roof system provides the cha nee to con tribute to an aesthetic and healthy environment with the creation of roofs planted with green vegetation. The tech ni cal and Ian dscap ing requireme nts are available for the con structi on of grassy roofs and roof garde ns; the only thing n eeded is that acti on follows the words and pla nning, so that with huma n con structive capabilities, the areas take n from n ature are made to come alive aga in in our immediate en vir onment.
德国屋顶花园绿化
（德）渥尔纳•皮特•库斯特
摘要
本文介绍了德国屋顶花园的类型、构造、工作原理、政府的政策支持。

屋顶花园是必需品，而不是
奢侈品。

关键词：风景园林；屋顶花园；综述；开敞型
1屋顶花园的优势
屋顶花园拥有很多优势，这是一个毋庸置疑也不可否认的事实。

有些人还存有疑虑或持相反观点，其主要原因是这些人不了解屋顶花园的技术发展。

在30年前或者仅仅
15年前，这些疑问更多地与技术相关，如今疑问主要与成本相关。

现在我们能否拥有屋顶花园已完全不成问题，因为屋顶花园是必需品，而不是奢侈品。

⑴高度水分保持
根据屋顶花园的设计，直接的水分流失量将减少70%~90（100）%。

排水口的数量
能够大大减少，管道的直径也可以更小，因此能够节省大量建筑费用。

所收集的水资源也同样能够通过日常的蒸发和输送达到自然循环。

⑵空间的利用
将普通的未被使用的屋顶区域设计为屋顶花园，尤其是作为公共娱乐和运动建筑的
屋顶，不仅充分利用宝贵的空间，同时也降低了购买土地的费用。

⑶ 动植物栖息的大自然
屋顶花园很少被打扰，环境优美，益虫可以找到一方生存的净土，鸟儿也可以找到一片栖息地。

布满屋顶花园的城市就是在都市里建立了适合小动物生存的大自然。

⑷ 降低灰尘与烟雾浓度
屋顶花园帮助过滤灰尘和烟雾颗粒，从大气和雨水中吸收危害性物质，并将其从土壤中去除。

⑸ 延长屋顶使用寿命屋顶花园保护防水层不受气候、紫外线以及其他损伤，这大大延长了建筑的使用寿命。

裸露屋顶在夏天高温时可以达到100C以上，而夜间降至20C以下，这就意味着防水层材料、连接处和其他材料都处在极度疲劳的状态。

由于系统所具备的蒸发、阴凉和大气循环的冷却效应，一个屋顶花园最高温度为
25C （德国），并且降温缓慢。

⑹ 降低噪声
屋顶花园至少可以减少 3 分贝噪声，同时隔绝噪声效能达到8 分贝。

这对于某些位于机场附近或有喧闹的迪斯科舞厅等大型设备的建筑来说最为有效。

⑺ 作为附加的隔热层
系统能够带给屋顶一片阴凉，空气流通以及蒸发能够大大冷却屋顶并保护屋顶不受高温伤害。

对于建筑物的顶层至少能够节省50%用于空调的能源，可以节省50%的冬季供暖能源。

⑻ 改善气候环境屋顶花园能够冷却周围环境的大气并增加湿度，从而创造出一个小气候。

大气的生成改善了城市的大气状况，减少大气污染。

⑼ 避免热岛效应植物蒸腾的水分吸收热量，并冷却大气。

绿化植被净化大气并且减少潜在的烟雾威胁，因此屋顶花园拥有巨大的潜力。

2 德国屋顶花园的特色
中德两国屋顶绿化区别的主要表现之一是：在德国，80%的屋顶绿化都是开敞型。

在中国，开敞型屋顶绿化非常少见。

虽然仅有少量的样板工程，但是开敞型屋顶绿化的益处已经越来越明显。

现在已经有很多的学术机构和行业组织正在致力于制订新规定和标准。

在德国，开敞型屋顶绿化面积取决于绿化形式和质量施工的不同，50%都被计算入
绿地率，有的时候甚至更多
德国政府对于绿化有着一整套政策支持系统。

在一些特定的区域，比如“新建工业区”，主要是指那些新建的大型工业区域，开敞型屋顶绿化往往被视为一种义务，开发商被强制进行屋顶绿化。

另外一个鼓励开发商绿化屋顶的方法就是为被覆盖表面减免雨水流失费。

在德国，开敞型屋顶绿化被看作是半覆盖表面，因此，此项雨水流失费用至少可以节约50%。

在德国，屋顶花园覆盖整个屋顶区域。

屋顶绿化系统同样也安装在人行道、行车道、游乐区域以及池塘之下。

在中国的密集型屋顶绿化，绿化区域往往彼此分离。

这样就使得灌溉效率十分低下、后期养护困难重重，设计师设计时无从下手，因为他们不得不考虑排水口在什么位置。

在德国，地下停车场顶盖绿化也被看作是屋顶绿化，因为所使用的技术是相近的。

在中国，地下停车场顶板的绿化却需要至少3M 覆土才被承认为绿地。

3M 覆土显然是对金钱和自然资源的浪费。

原土的比重约为 2.8"立方米，也就是说如果覆土厚度达到3M，覆土荷载约为8.4t/立方米。

这样一来，主体结构就需要大量的钢筋和混凝土。

这样不仅成本加高，开发商还失去了整整一层楼的开发空间。

中国的原土资源非常紧缺，大量使用原土资源无疑是对远郊区域自然环境的破坏。

最重要的是：没有任何一种绿化形式需要3M 的覆土。

在德国，无论是密集型绿化形式还是开敞型绿化形式，屋顶绿化都必须具备防植物根穿刺的防水层或者是单独的隔根层。

但是在中国的很多工程的防水材料质量存在严重的问题，不能够很好地保护建筑。