Ship pollution situation and preventing measures 船舶污染现状及防治措施

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船舶防污染

9
Absolute Right of Guarantor
• The guarantor shall in any event have the right to require the shipowner to be joined in the proceedings.
10
Limitation on Guarantor’s Liability
4
•
the court or other competent authority of any Contracting State shall order the release of any ship or other property belonging to the owner which has been arrested in respect of a claim for pollution damage arising out of that incident, and shall similarly release any bail or other security furnished to avoid such arrest. However, the foregoing protections shall only apply if the claimant has access to the Court administering the limitation fund and the limitation fund is actually available in respect of his claim.
3
Limitation Fund and Protections to Shipowners

国际防止船舶造成污染公约英文

《1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(英文>FINAL ACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MARINE POLLUTION,1973Whole document1. By its Resolution A. 176 (VI> of October 21, 1969, the Assembly ofthe Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization decided toconvene in 1973 an International Conference on Marine Pollution. ThisConference was held in London from October 8 to November 2, 1973.2. The following States were represented by delegations at theConference:ArgentinaAustralia KenyaBahrain Khmer RepublicBelgium KuwaitBrazil LiberiaBulgaria Libyan Arab RepublicByelorussian Soviet Socialist MadagascarRepublic MexicoCanada MonacoChile MoroccoCuba NetherlandsCyprus New ZealandDenmark NigeriaDominican Republic NorwayEcuador PanamaEgypt PeruFinland PhilippinesFrance PolandGerman Democratic Republic PortugalGermany, Federal Republic of Republic of KoreaGhana RomaniaGreece Saudi ArabiaHaiti SingaporeHungary South AfricaIceland SpainIndia Sri LankaIndonesia SwedenIran SwitzerlandIraq ThailandIreland Trinidadand TobagoItaly TunisiaIvory Coast Ukrainian Soviet SocialistJapan RepublicJordan Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics United Republic of TanzaniaUnited Arab Emirates United States of AmericaUnited Kingdom of Great Britain Uruguayand Northern Ireland Venezuela3. The following States were represented at the Conference by observers:Colombia Republic of Viet-NamJamaica TurkeyMalawi YugoslaviaOmanThe Government of Hong Kong was also represented by an observer.4. At the invitation of the Assembly the following organizations inthe United Nations system sent representatives to the Conference:United NationsUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeFood and Agriculture OrganizationUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationInternational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInternational Atomic Energy Agency5. The following inter-governmental organizations sent observers tothe Conference: European Economic CommunityInternational Institute for the Unification of Private Law6. The following non-governmental organizations also sent observers tothe Conference:International Chamber of ShippingInternational Organization for StandardizationInternational Electrotechnical CommissionInternational Union of Marine InsuranceInternational Association of Ports and HarborsThe Baltic and International Maritime ConferenceInternational Association of Classification SocietiesInternational Law AssociationEuropean Council of Chemical Manufacturers' FederationOil Companies International Marine ForumInternational Shipowners' AssociationFriends of the Earth International7. At the opening of the Conference The Hon. Michael Heseltine,Minister of Aerospace and Shipping of the United Kingdom and Mr. Maurice Strong Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme madestatements supporting the objective of the Conference.8. The Conference elected Mr. S. V. Bhave, Head of the Indian delegation, as President of the Conference.9. Twenty-four Vice-Presidents of the Conference were elected, as follows:First Vice-President: Mr. G. Lindencrona (Sweden>Mr. R. M Gowland (Argentina>H. E. Mr. M. Raffaelli (Brazil>The Hon. Jack Davis (Canada>Dr. M. Oporto (Cuba>Mr. M. A. El-Sammak (Egypt>Mr. J. P. Cabouat (France>Dr. H. Rentner (German Democratic Republic>Dr. G. Breuer (Germany, Federal Republic of>H. E. Mr. H. V. H. Sekyi (Ghana>Mr. M. Sjadzali (Indonesia>Mr. H. Afshar (Iran>Mr. K. G. Loukou (Ivory Coast>H. E. Mr. S. Sugihara (Japan>Mr. A. G. Toukan (Jordan>Mr. E. Dinga (Kenya>Mr. N. A. Al-Nakib (Kuwait>Mr. M. Ramarozaka (Madagascar>Dr. Vizcaino Murray (Mexico>Captain D. W. Boyes (New Zealand>Mr. S. Perkowicz (Poland>H. E. Mr. G. Nhigula (United Republic of Tanzania>Mr. V. Tikhonov (USSR>Mr. J. N Archer (United Kingdom>10. Mr. Colin Goad. Secretary-General of the Organization, acted as Secretary-General of the Conference with Mr. J. Queguiner. Deputy Secretary-General, as Deputy Secretary-General of the Conference. Captain A. Saveliev, Secretary of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization, was appointed Executive Secretary of the Conference and Mr. Y. Sasamura. Head of Marine Science and Technology Division, and Mr. T. Mensah, Head of Legal Division, of the Organization were appointed Deputy Executive Secretaries of the Conference.11. The Conference established the following Committees and a Steering Committee composed of officers of the Conference:Committee IChairman: H. E. Dr. P. V. J. Solomon (Trinidad andTobago>Vice-Chairman: Mr. G. Lindencrona (Sweden>Committee IIChairman: Dr. L. Spinelli (Italy>Vice-Chairman: Dr. W. Al-Nimer (Bahrain>Committee IIIChairman: Mr. R. J. Lakey (United States ofAmerica>Vice-Chairman: Mr. Koh Eng Tian (Singapore>Committee IVChairman: H. E. Prof. A. Yankov (Bulgaria>Vice-Chairman: The Hon. G. F. B. Cooper (Liberia>Credentials CommitteeChairman: Mr. P. A. Araque (Philippines>Drafting CommitteeChairman: Mr. G. A. E. Longe (Nigeria>Vice-Chairman: H. E. Mr. J. D. del Campo (Uruguay>12. The following documentation formed the basis of the work of theConference:-Draft Text of an International Convention for the Prevention ofPollution from Ships, 1973-Draft Protocol Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Casesof Marine Pollution by Substances other than Oil-Draft Resolutions relating to the prevention and control ofmarine pollution-Proposals and comments, including amendments to the draftsmentioned above, submitted to the Conference by interested Governments andOrganizations.13. As a result of its deliberations, recorded in the summary recordsand reports of the Conference, the following instruments were adopted bythe Conference:INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS, 1973 with its Protocols, Annexes and Appendices。

减少海洋污染建议英语作文

减少海洋污染建议英语作文As our oceans continue to face increasing levels of pollution, it is imperative that we take action to reduce this issue. 随着我们的海洋面临着越来越严重的污染问题，我们迫切需要采取行动来减少这一问题。

One of the main sources of ocean pollution is plastic waste, which can have devastating effects on marine life. 海洋污染的主要来源之一是塑料垃圾，这可能对海洋生物产生毁灭性影响。

To combat this issue, individuals can make small changes in their daily habits such as reducing the use of single-use plastics and properly disposing of waste. 为了解决这个问题，个人可以在日常生活习惯中做出一些改变，比如减少使用一次性塑料制品，妥善处理废物。

Additionally, governments and industries play a critical role in implementing policies and practices to reduce ocean pollution. 此外，政府和工业在实施政策和做法来减少海洋污染方面起着至关重要的作用。

Efforts should be made to invest in research and technology to develop more sustainable alternatives to harmful products. 应该努力投资于研究和技术开发，以找到更具可持续性的替代方案来取代有害产品。

轮机英语问答题答案及翻译

轮机英语问答题答案及翻译1. how long have you worked on board?I have worked on board for 10 years.1。

你多长时间在船上工作的？我在船上工作了10年。

2. which certificate do you have now?I have the second engineer’s certificate.2。

该证书你有吗？我有个工程师的证书3. what is your marital status?how many departments are there on board?I am married. There are there departments on board.3。

什么是您的婚姻状况？有多少部门在船上呢？我结婚了。

在船上有三个部门。

4. how many people are there in your family? Are you married?There are there people in my family. Yes,I am married.4。

有多少人在你的家庭吗？你结婚了吗？那里有我的家人的人。

是的，我结婚了5. how many countries have you ever been to?I have been to seven countries.5。

有多少个国家，你有没有去过？我到过7个国家。

6. when did you begin to work on board? What kind of ship have you worked on?I began to work on board in 2000.i have worked on bulk sarriers.6。

你什么时候开始在船上工作的？什么样的船你工作呢？我开始在船上工作2000.i对散装sarriers工作。

7. how many importment canals are there all over the world?Three . the pamama ,suez and kiel.7。

轮机英语问答题答案及翻译

是的，上个月在新加坡举行。
19 what should be paid attention to in the overhaul of a cylinder.
Every operating must be complied with the precaution measures regulated in the SMS.
18％。
第二章
1 please introduce one type of the main engine
The main engine is large bore two-stroke crosshead type with turbo charging system.
1，请介绍一下其中一个主要发动机类型
4。有多少人在你的家庭吗？你结婚了吗？
那里有我的家人的人。是的，我结婚了
5. how many countries have you ever been to?
I have been to seven countries.
5。有多少个国家，你有没有去过？
我到过7个国家。
6. when did you begin to work on board? What kind of ship have you worked on?
Safety.
8。你能告诉我什么是海员最重要的。？
安全。
9. what kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?
Large slow speed crosshead type marine diesel engine and A.C generator.

航海英语考试内容总结

航海英语考试内容总结航海英语考试内容总结ISM规则属于SOLAS公约的chapterIX"InternationalSafetyManagement(ISM)Code"ISM宗旨ThepurposeofthisCodeistoprovideaninternationalstandardforthesafemanageme ntandoperationofshipsandforpollutionprevention."Company"meanstheowneroftheshiporanyotherorganizationorpersonsuchast hemanager,orthebareboatcharterer,whohasassumedtheresponsibilityforoperat ionoftheshipfromtheshipownerandwho,onassumingsuchresponsibility,hasagree dtotakeoveralldutiesandresponsibilityimposedbytheCode.船长Master`sresponsibilityandauthority.1implementingthesafetyandenvironmental-protectionpolicyoftheCompany;.2motivatingthecrewintheobservationofthatpolicy;.3issuingappropriate ordersandinstructionsinaclearandsimplemanner;.4verifyingthatspecifiedrequirementsareobserved;5reviewingthesafetym anagementsystemandreportingitsdeficienciestotheshore-basedmanagement.themasterhastheoverridingauthorityandtheresponsibilitytomakedecision swithrespecttosafety1properlyqualifiedforcommand;.2fullyconversantwiththeCompany"ssafetymanagementsystem;andpollutionpreventionandtorequesttheCompany"sassistanceasmaybeneces saryandthemaster"sdutiescanbesafelyperformed相关证书DOC"DocumentofCompliance"meansadocumentissuedtoaCompanywhichcomplieswith therequirementsofthisCode.SMC"SafetyManagementCertificate"meansadocumentissuedtoashipwhichsign ifiesthattheCompanyanditsshipboardmanagementoperateinaccordancewiththeap provedsafetymanagementsystemSMM“SafetyManagementMenue”(SafeOperationofShipsandMarineEnvironmentalProtection)安全管理系统SMS"Safetymanagementsystem"meansastructuredanddocumentedsystemenabli ngCompanypersonneltoimplementeffectivelytheCompanysafetyandenvironmental protectionpolicy.NC不合格项Non-conformity"纠正措施meansanobservedsituationwhereobjectiveevidenceindicatesthenon-fulfilmentofaspecifiedrequirement.EmergencyResponseFire,explosion,floodi ng,grounding,stranding,sinking,foundering,listing,capsizing,robbery,pira cy,injury,manoverboard,collision,contact,wavedamage,shortlanded,overland ed,disableandadrift,breakingapart,pollution应急种类PlansandmanualsPlansSOPEP(ShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan),SAPEP,Firecontrolplan ,Musterlist,contingencyplanManualsHowtooperatemachines,etc.ProceduresonArrivalorDeparturefromaF oreignPorts.海事公约IntroductiontotheMaritimeLawsSOLASConvention(TheinternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea)范围Theregulationsrelatingtolifesavingappliancesandarrangements作用areintendedtoensurethatintheeventofacatastrophe(disaster)atsea,passenger sandcrewhavethegreatestchancesofsurvival.Improveddesignandequipment,betterfireprotection,satellitecommunicati ons,rescueplanesandhelicoptersandtrainedpersonnelalsocontributetoimprove dsafetyatsea.MARPOL73/78（Theprotocolof1978totheinternationalconventionthepreventionofpollutionf romships,1973《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》）STCWConvention(ItstandsfortheInternationalConventiononStandardofTrai ning,Certification,andWatchkeepingforSeafarers,1978,asamendedin1995《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》1995年修正案)MLC06（MaritimeLabourConvention201*）及各大公章节TitanicInApril12th,1912Titanicallidedwithice-mountainsandfounderdeatCapeRace,Newfoundland.1503peoplelosttheirlivesint hisdisaster.原因1.TheTitanicdidnothaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.2.passengerswerela ckingofbasiclifesavingknowledgeinthisdisaster.3.theradioofficerhadgoneof fdutywhentheTitanicdistressmessagesweresent.4.TheseatemperaturewhenS.STitanicsankwasbelowfreezi ngpointandmanypeoplediedinthewaterfromhypothermia(lostbodytemperature).五险一金fivemajorpremiumsandARewardingFund养老保险，endowmentinsurance.Pension.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbea bletousethoseperiodicallyafterretirement.---医疗保险，hospitalizationinsurance.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbeabl etousethosewhenwearehosptialized.---失业保险，insuranceforunemployment.Todepositmoneyinaspecialaccountwhichwewillbeabl etousethoseperiodicallyafterretirementandweareabletouseitunderunemployme nt.---工伤保险，insuranceforoccupationalinjury.Togetpremiumsafterinjuriesfromthejob.---生育保险，insuranceforbearingchildren.AccumulationFundforHousingShipowners船东orbareboatcharterers光租船东Personswhoownsshipsoraresublettheship(s)byactualshipowner(s).Functionsfo rSeafarersPayallwagesandotherincomesforshipmastersandseafarersonboardthe shipsinaccordancewiththelegaldocumentsvoyagecontracts.ManagementCompanie sPersonswhoowncompanieswithresourcesofseafarers.FunctionsforSeafarers--Assisttheseafarersforjobhunting.(Interviewbytheshipowner,employment) --Claimforanydamagesfrominjuries.(Fromshipowners,insurancecompanies,P&Iclubs,etc.)--Employlawyersorattorney.(Hearinginacourt,orarbitrations)--Counterclaimforseafarers.(unemployed,illtreated,dis-promoted,) --Promotionsandrenewalsofcertificatesforseafarers.--Pension(death,injury,robbery)大型船舶有限公司：中国远洋运输公司COSCO，中国海运集团公司Chinashipping扩展阅读：航海英语习题归纳航海英语习题归纳201*年6月（航海十班。

航海英语真题48

2009年第48期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题（总第48期）一．单项选择题1.You may find the time of slack water after low water in a certain port from ______.A. mFAG.B. Tide tables.C. Notices to mariners.D. Table of azimuth.rmation on the operating times and characteristics of foreign radiobeacons can be found in which publication? ______.A. List of LightsB. Coast PilotC. Sailing DirectionsD. List of Radiobeacons3.A line of position from a celestial observation is a segment of a ______.A. circle of equal altitudeB. parallel of declinationC. parallel of altitudeD. vertical circle4.What defines a great circle?A. A curved line drawn on a Mercator ChartB. A course line that inscribes a loxodromic curveC. The shortest distance between any two points on the earthD. The smallest circle that can be drawn on the face of a sphere5.Which aid is NOT marked on a chart with a magenta circle?A. Aero lightB. Radar stationC. Radar transponder beaconD. Radiobeacon6.Charted depth is the ______.A. vertical distance from the tidal datum to the ocean bottom plus the height of the tideB. vertical distance from the tidal datum to the ocean bottomC. average height of water over a specified period of timeD. average height of all low waters at a place7. The changes in the channel’s sands and buoys on this coast are ______ this chart cannot be considered as a safe guide of the channel.A. Frequent.B. So frequent.C. Frequent that.D. So frequent that.8.While steaming slowly in the harbor，no ship is ______ to exceed the speed limited．A. assumedB. appreciatedC. promisedD. permitted．9.The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given in the admiralty charts and other publications, since they _______.A.May always be complete and up-to-dateB.May not always be complete and up-to-dateC.May sometimes be complete and up-to-dateD.May not sometimes be complete and up-to-date10.All events relating to the voyage, such as ship’s position, speed and details of the weather,are recorded in ______.A. LogbookB. Bell BookC. Oil Record BookD. Compass Error Book11. When there is not a chief officer on board,______should keep and write up the ship’s logbook.A..the assistant officerB.the captainC.the officer on dutyD.the third officer12. As matter of fact，the damage to the winches was due to ______. 同原题库0918A. insufficiency of packagingB. inherent vice of the cargoC. improper stowageD. rough handling[13]It's ______ that the cargo was damaged by your stevedores．A. brightB. distinctC. plainD. evident14. Who is responsible for the regular security inspections of the ship?A. The company security officerB. The classification societyC. The port facility security officerD. The ship security officer15.Which signal of the follwings is not provided with onboard lifeboat?A.Rocket parachute signalsB.Buoyant smoke signalsC.Hand flare signalsD.Self-igniting signals16. When steering by autopilot, how often should ...... steering be checked?A.every dayB. when time allowsC. At least once a watchD. No checking is necessary17. Who must be familiar with the Masterlist and Emergency Instructions onboard?A. The captain onlyB. The officers onlyC. All crew members and other personnel onboardD. Passengers only[18]Radar reflectors are required for ______.A. all fishing vessels over 39 feet in lengthB. sail-propelled fishing vesselsC. all fishing vessels of less than 200 GTD. wooden hull fishing vessels with a poor radar echo[19]A vessel emitting harmful substances into the air or spilling oil into the sea is a______．A．Polluter B．Emitter C．Spiller D．Oiler[20] You are offloading garbage to another ship. Your records must identify that ship by nameand show her ______.A. home portB. next port-of-callC. official numberD. Master21To EASE A LINE means to ___A.cast offB. double up so that one line does not take all the strainC.pay out line to remove most of the tensionD.slack it off quickly22.Generally speaking, the most favorable bottom for anchoring is ______.A.V ery soft mud.B.Rocky.C.A mixture of mud and clay.D.Loose sand.23 When the movement of engine is no longer required the pilot usually gives the order like this ______.A. Stop engine.B. Nothing to port.C. Finish engines.D. Finished with engines24.Vessel towing with the current shall ______ tow more than two boats and they must be towed alongside.A. At times.B. At any time.C. At no time.D. At moment.25.If a vessel under tow starts jumping on its tow line, the most appropriate action to alleviate the condition is to _______.A.Change courseB.Slow downC.Heave toD.Adjust tow line length26.Horizontal fore or aft motion of a vessel is known as ________.A.PitchB.SurgeC.SwayD.Roll27.The officer of the watch should ______ comply with the collision rules.A. Some times.B. Often.C. At all times.D. Seldom.28.A vessel or seaplane on the water is considered to be underway when ______.A. She is at anchor.B. She is made fast to shoreC. She is aground.D. Her anchor ceases to hold.29.In determining a safe speed ______ shall not be among those taken into account．A.the characteristics，efficiency and limitation of the radar equipmentB.any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in useC.the effect on radar detection of the sea state，weather and other sources of interferenceD.the safe working load of the cranes both on board and ashore．30.Two vessels are approaching each other near head on. What action should be taken to avoid collision?A.The first vessel to sight the other should give way.B.The vessel making the slower speed should give way.C.Both vessels should alter course to starboard.D.Both vessels should alter course to port.31.The lights prescribed by the rules shall be exhibited _______.A.From sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility.B.At all times.C.From sunset to sunrise, and at no other time.D.Whenever a lookout is posted.32.A buoy marking a wreck will show a (n) ______.A.White light FL(2) and a top-mark of 2 black spheres.B.Occulting green light and may be lettered.C.Yellow light and will be numbered.D.Continuous quick white light and may be numbered.33.______ refers to the angle between true North and the heading line of the ship．A. True positionB. True meridianC. True courseD. True bearing34.A plane that cuts the Earth's surface and passes through the poles will always form ______.A. the equatorB. a loxodromic curveC. a small circleD. a meridian35.Neap tides occur ______.A. at the start of spring，when the Sun is nearly over the equatorB. only when the Sun and Moon are on the same sides of the Earth and are nearly in lineC. when the Sun and Moon are at approximately 90°to each other，as seen from the EarthD. when the Sun，Moon，and Earth are nearly in line，regardless of alignment order36. The height of a tide can increased by______A.a storm surgeB.a high pressureC.the jet streamD.a cold front37. The ship’s tanks most effective for trimming are the______A.deepsB.domesticsC.peaksD.settlers38. Which statement is TRUE of a tender vesselA.It has a large GMB.Its period of roll is longC.It has a very low center of gravityD.It has a good transverse stability39 Reducing the liquid free surfaces in a vessel reduces the ________A.Roll periodB.Metacentric heightC.Water plane areaD.V essel’s draft40.We usually choose cargo-handling equipment according to ______.A.The ship type.B.The port’s organization.C.The cargo’s nature.D.The docker’s ability.41.The chief officer ______ told the stevedores to stow the cargo lot by lot.A. Plainly.B. Playfully.C. Absolutely. Completely.42.What is meant by the term TOPPING THE BOOM?A.Lowering the boomB.Raising the boomC.Spotting the boom over the deckD.Swinging the boom athwartships43.For a floating vessel，true mean draft is always the ______.A.average of the observed draftsB.draft at the center of flotationC.draft corresponding to the calculated displacementD.mean of the calculated drafts44.The man directing and supervising the work of stevedores is the ______.A. Local agent.B. Watchman.C. Docker.D. Foreman.45.Please stow the drums ______ ends.A. At.B. In.C. On.D. By.46.If a void occurs in the cargo hold, it is better to _______ to control the broken stowage.A.Brace it with dunnageB.Cover it with large piecesC.Fill it with small piecesD.Leave it as it is47.In Beaufort scale, the wind force 7 with speed of 28 ~ 33 knots is defined as ______.A. Moderate gale.B. Near gale.C. Strong gale. (9)D. Whole gale.48.When force of winds reaches 10 ~ 11 in Beaufort scale, we usually call such wind ______.A. Gale.B. Storm.C. Hurricane.D. Typhoon.49.In the northern hemisphere, a wind that shifts counterclockwise is a _______.A.V eering windB.Backing windC.Reverse windD.Chinook wind50.The best estimate of the wind direction at sea level can be obtained from observing the direction of the ______.A.cloud movementB.vessel headingC.wavesD.swells51.The primary wind belt which has the greatest effect on the set, drift, and depth of the equatorial currents is the _______.A.DoldrumsB.Horse latitudesC.Trade windsD.Prevailing westerlies52.Structural bulkheads on a ship are usually ______.A. continuousB. watertightC. transverseD. non-watertight53.Bilge keels are fitted on ships to ______.A. assist in drydock alignmentB. improve the vessel's stabilityC. protect the vessel from slamming against piersD. reduce the rolling of the vessel54.The purpose of a bilge well is to ______.A. afford access to the shell through the double bottomsB. collect water to be pumped outC. provide access for the pneumercatorD. provide a base line for sounding measurements55.How would the exhaust of a properly operating diesel engine appear? ______.A. Light blue hazeB. Light brown hazeC. Light gray hazeD. Perfectly clear56.For most ship engines，the fuel is ______.A. natural gasB. diesel oilC. propaneD. bunker fuel57.58. Does current and drift effect the CPA/TCPA calculations on a true motion display?A. YesB. NoC. Only a little bitD. Yes, very seriously59.60.You are using a radar in which your own ship is shown at the center，and the heading flash always points to 0°. If bearings are measured in relation to the flash，what type of bearings are produced?A.RelativeB.TRUEpassD.Magnetic61.Magnetic compass deviation ______.A. varies depending upon the bearing usedB. is the angular difference between magnetic north and compass northC. is published on the compass rose on most nautical chartsD. is the angular difference between geographic and magnetic meridians62.The compass deviation changes as the vessel changes ______.A. geographical positionB. speedC. headingD. longitude63.The annual change in ______ is 0．2 degree．A. Magnetic VariationB. Marine InsuranceC. Maritime AccidentD. Mean High Water Spring64.The GPS satellite orbits the earth in approximately_______.A.3 hoursB.6 hoursC.12 hoursD.24 hours65.All echosounders can measure the ______.A.Actual depth of water.B.Actual depth of water below keel.C.Average depth from waterline to hard bottom.D.Average depth of water to soft bottom.66.67.What publications should a GMDSS Operator consult regarding the proper set-up and operation of vessel equipment ?______A. ITU PublicationsB. The manufacturers instruction manualsC. Part 90 of the FCC Rules and RegulationsD. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 80, Subpart W68.Which action should you take after sending a false distress alert on VHF?A. Send a DSC cancellation message on Ch-70.B. Make a voice announcement to cancel the alert on Ch-16.C. Make a voice announcement to cancel the alert on Ch-13.D. Make a voice announcement to cancel the alert on Ch-22A.69.My vessel maneuvering ______ difficulty. Please keep well clear ______ me.A. With, of.B. In, of.C. At, apart.D. With, from70.My Captain is trying to ______ the pilot station before the ebb tide．A. steamB. proceedC. approachD. reach71Result of search negative means ______.A.The search has found nothing.B.The derelict has been found.C.The derelict has been located.D.The derelict has been sighted.72. In the unlikely event that a distress situation allows you to send only a very short message,after MAYDAY would you first say______?A.Your name and callsignB.Your positionC.The number of persons on boardD.the nature of the distress situation73.The terms ceiling and margin plate are associated with the ______.A. crew's quartersB. engine roomC. main deckD. tank top74.Placing a lashing across a hook to prevent a fitting from slipping out of the hook is called ______.A. Faking.B. Flemishing down.C. Mousing.D. Worming.75. The head block is located_____.A.at the base of the boomB.at the head of the boomC.at the head of the mastD.on top of the jack staff76.A spring line leads ______.A.Fore and aft from the ship’s side.B.To the dock at a right angle to the vessel.C.Through the bull nose or chock at the bow.D.Through the chock at the stern.77.Paints and solvents on a vessel should be _______.A.Stored safely at the work site until work is completedB.Returned to the paint locker after each useC.Covered at all times to protect from ignition sourcesD.Stored in a suitable gear locker[78]A distress signal ______.A. consists of 5 or more short blasts of the fog signal apparatusB. consists of the raising and lowering of a large white flagC. may be used separately or with other distress signalsD. is used to indicate doubt about another vessel's intentions79.You are standing the wheelwatch when you hear the cry, “Man overboard starboard side”.You should indtinctively ______A. give full right rudderB. give full left rudderC. put the rudder amidshipsD. throw a life ring to mark the spot80. After using a CO2 portable extinguisher, it should be ______.A.Put back in service if some CO2 remains.B.Hydrostatically tested.C.Retagged.D.Recharged.81.A fuel-air mixture below the lower explosive limit is too __________.A.Rich to burnB.Lean to burnC.Cool to burnD.Dense to burn82.Portable fire extinguishers must be provided for the cargo tank area of an unmanned tank barge ______.A.only when fully loadedB.if one or more tanks are fullC.when transferring cargoD.only when the barge is being towed83.After a liferaft is launched，the operating cord ______.A. serves as a sea painterB. detaches automaticallyC. is used to rig the boarding ladderD. is cut immediately as it is of no further use84.In the first 24 hours after abandoning a vessel，water should be given only to personnel who are ______.A. thirstyB. sick or injuredC. wetD. awake85.86.You discover a leak in the fuel line to the engine. You should first ________.A.Activate the CO2 systemB.Make a temporary repair with canvas or tapeC.Start the bilge pumpD.Close the fuel valve at the tank87.A crew member is unconscious and the face is flushed. You should ______.A. lay the crew member down with the head and shoulders slightly raisedB. administer a liquid stimulantC. lay the crew member down with the head lower than the feetD. attempt to stand the crew member upright to restore consciousness88.A crew member has suffered frostbite to the toes of both feet. You should ______.A. immerse the feet in warm waterB. warm the feet with a heat lampC. warm the feet at room temperatureD. rub the feetMajor coast radio stations all over the world transmit，at regular intervals and in code，weather information for ships within range. Weather information consists of ten parts，of which ships usually make use of three，that is，warning，synoptic situation andforecast. With weather information，mariners are able to keep away from disastrousweather at sea and reduce the danger a great deal. As terrible weather is predicted，shipscan take precautions beforehand，by delaying the voyage or seeking shelter in a safeplace. If there is a high sea or a long swell，they can take some measures to safeguard thecargo and the ship.89 Weather information for ships is usually transmitted by coast radio stations ___.A. any time of the dayB. at fixed timeC. in different languagesD. in some parts of the world90 Coast radio stations generally provide weather information for ships ___. I. in code,II. In a certain language, III. in written formA. IB. I + IIC. IID. I + II + III91 Weather information usually tells people something about weather _____.A. afterwardsB. in advanceC. at the same timeD. when there’s bad weather92 Of the following, ______ is not the way for ships to keep away from bad weather.A. delaying voyageB. staying in portC. speeding up and running awayD. pumping out ballast waterA ship's head up, or un-stabilised, radar display has the ship's heading marker fixed at 000°, at the top of the screen. All targets, fixed or moving, then move relative to the ship's position in the centre of the screen and the heading marker. As the ship moves through the water, fixed targets appear to track down the screen on a reciprocalheading at the speed the ship is moving and when the ship alters course targets appear to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the ship, so targets appear to move on the radar screen while the ship's heading remains fixed. The coating on a radar display is designed to allow a certain amount of afterglow (余辉) of targets, which in the ship's head up mode causes smearing(拖尾) and may make the identification of smaller targets difficult. In addition, when targets. particularly large landmasses, are in close proximity interference occurs, which can further inhibit the detection of small targets.93. When radar is set to ship's head up display, all fixed targets displayed on the screen will appear to当雷达被设置为船首向上显示，所有固定目标显示在屏幕上是向下倒退像标题头和船速一样A. track down the screen on a reciprocal heading at the speed the ship is movingB. rotate in the same direction as the ship rotatesC. make the identification of smaller targets difficultD. allow a certain amount of afterglow of targets94. In the ship's head up mode. if the ship rotates starboard-wise all fixed targets on the screen will appear to ______.在船首向上模式中，如果船舶右旋转，所有固定目标在屏幕上会看起来左旋转A. rotate starboard-wiseB. rotate port-wiseC. remain stationaryD. move on a reciprocal heading at the speed the ship is moving95. Afterglow of targets will ______.余辉的目标将被识别为更小目标A. have ship's heading marker fixed at 000°B. cause the fixed targets to remain fixedC. inhibit 禁止the detection of small targetD. make the identification of smaller targets96 It can be concluded that the instrument referred to in this passage is most likely a/an______它能被表达为工具指向短文是最可能是APRA。

大副英文面试指南（中英文注解）

大副英文面试指南（中英文注解）1. Could you introduce yourself?您做一下自我介绍好吗？My name is x.x.x. I am x.x years old. I hold a xxx certificate. I have experienced of xx. Xxx. Xxx. I can use a computer system for management(maintenance). I suppose that my English is good enough for work. I am married(single). There are 3 people in my family, my daughter and my son.我的名字叫XXX。

我XX岁了。

我有XXX证书。

我经历过XX，XXX，XXXX。

我可以使用电脑做维护保养工作。

我想我的英语水平足以完成工作。

我结婚了（单身）。

我家有三口人，我女儿，儿子。

2．Where did you graduate from?您是那里毕业的？I graduated from XXX university(college, school).我毕业于某大学（某学院，某学校）3．How long have you worked on board? 您在船上做多久了？I have worked on board ten years. 我在船上工作十年了。

4．Which company have you served (worked for)? 您在那个公司做过？I have served xxx.xxxx. 我在某某公司做过。

5．What certificate (license) do you hold now?您现在持有什么证书？I have xxx certificate, or I hold xxx certificate, or I am the holder of xxx certificate.6．How long do you have the certificate of master ?您持有船长证书多久了？I hold the master certificate 1 years or in 2015 year。

大连海事大学老题库翻译第6章

第六章（1733---1911）1733 Your ship is solely to the damage to my crane.A. To.B.C. Of.D. On.对于起重机的损坏，你船完全。

1734 Your kind attention to the above will be much ______.A. Appreciate.B.C. Appreciating.D. Being appreciated. 你对上述的友好关注将被（给予）很多的。

（非常感谢你对上述事情的关注）1735 Your kind attention to our ship will be ______.A. B. Much appreciating. C. Many appreciated. D. Many appreciating. 你对我船的友好关注将被（给予）Much可修饰动词，而Many不能修饰动词；Be much appreciated非常感谢1736 You should not the fresh water ______ three trips.A. In.B.C. To.D. For.你不应淡水三个航次。

xxh1737 You shall ______ this letter so as to signify your acknowledgement of the responsibility.A. Make out.B. Submit.C. Produce.D.你应这个信件以便表示你责任的确认。

1738 You must ______ in this area unless you have messages about the casualty.A. Keep radio silence.B.C. Keep radio be silent.D. Keep silent the radio.你必须直到你收到有关伤亡的信息。

保护海洋安全,抵制核废水排海英语作文

保护海洋安全,抵制核废水排海英语作文The vast and mysterious ocean, a cradle of life and a vital component of the Earth's ecosystem, faces an unprecedented threat today: the dumping of nuclear wastewater into its depths. This practice, which some nations are considering or have already embarked upon, poses a grave danger to the safety of our oceans and, ultimately, to the survival of all life on Earth.Nuclear wastewater, a byproduct of nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons production, contains radioactive substances that can persist in the environment for centuries, causing long-term harm to marine ecosystems. When released into the ocean, these substances can spread rapidly through the water column, affecting a wide range of marine organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and even coral reefs. The radioactive contamination can disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems, leading to the decline of species and the degradation of habitats.Furthermore, the impact of nuclear wastewater is not confined to the immediate vicinity of the discharge point. Ocean currents can carry the radioactive substances far andwide, potentially contaminating vast areas of the global ocean. This contamination can accumulate in the tissues of marine organisms, eventually being transferred to humans through the food chain. The long-term health effects of consuming radioactively contaminated seafood are stillpoorly understood, but they are likely to be severe.In addition to the direct ecological and health hazards, the dumping of nuclear wastewater into the sea also sends a dangerous message: that human activities can be prioritized over the preservation of the natural environment. This mindset is diametrically opposed to the principles of sustainable development and environmental protection, which强调人类与自然的和谐共生，尊重生态系统的完整性和稳定性。

如何避免船舶污染英语作文

Maritime transportation is a vital component of global trade, yet it poses significant environmental challenges, particularly in the form of ship pollution. The oceans are under constant threat from various pollutants, including oil spills, chemical leaks, and plastic waste. As an experienced marine biologist and environmental advocate, I have witnessed the devastating effects of ship pollution firsthand and have dedicated my career to finding ways to mitigate its impact.One of the primary sources of ship pollution is the discharge of oil and other harmful substances into the water. This can occur during loading or unloading operations, as well as through leaks from the ships hull or machinery. To prevent such incidents, it is essential to implement strict regulations and guidelines for the handling and storage of these substances. Ships must be equipped with proper containment systems and doublehull designs to minimize the risk of leaks and spills.Another significant contributor to ship pollution is the improper disposal of waste, including plastic and other nonbiodegradable materials. This waste can take hundreds of years to decompose and poses a severe threat to marine life. To combat this issue, ships must adhere to international waste management protocols, which prohibit the dumping of any waste into the ocean. Additionally, ships should be equipped with waste processing facilities that can effectively recycle or dispose of waste in an environmentally friendly manner.The use of heavy fuel oil by ships is another major concern, as it releases harmful emissions that contribute to air pollution and climate change. Toreduce emissions, ships should be encouraged to use cleaner fuels, such as lowsulfur diesel or liquefied natural gas. Furthermore, the adoption of energyefficient technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, can help reduce a ships overall fuel consumption and environmental impact.Regular maintenance and inspection of ships are also crucial in preventing pollution. This includes checking for leaks, ensuring that all machinery is functioning correctly, and monitoring the ships emissions. By maintaining a high standard of care, ship owners can minimize the risk of accidents and pollution incidents.Education and awareness are also vital in the fight against ship pollution. Crew members must be trained in environmental best practices and understand the importance of protecting the marine ecosystem. Additionally, public awareness campaigns can help inform the general population about the dangers of ship pollution and encourage responsible behavior.In recent years, there have been several highprofile cases of ship pollution, such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 and the Prestige oil spill in 2002. These incidents have highlighted the need for stricter regulations and enforcement to prevent future occurrences. Governments and international organizations, such as the International Maritime Organization IMO, play a crucial role in setting and enforcing these standards.Moreover, the use of advanced technologies, such as remote sensing andsatellite monitoring, can help detect and respond to pollution incidents more quickly and effectively. By leveraging these technologies, authorities can better monitor ship activities and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.In conclusion, avoiding ship pollution requires a multifaceted approach that includes stringent regulations, advanced technologies, and a commitment to environmental stewardship. By working together, the shipping industry, governments, and individuals can help protect our oceans and preserve them for future generations. The time to act is now, as the consequences of inaction are too dire to ignore.。

解决海洋污染的措施英语作文

解决海洋污染的措施英语作文Possible essay:Solutions to Marine PollutionMarine pollution is a global problem that threatens the health of oceans and the creatures that inhabit them, as well as human activities that depend on them. The causes of marine pollution are diverse, including industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste, oil spills, plastic debris, and climate change. To address this complex issue, various measures have been proposed and implemented, ranging from regulatory and legal frameworks to technological and behavioral changes. In this essay, I will discuss some of the most effective solutions to marine pollution and their challenges and opportunities.Regulatory and Legal FrameworksOne of the primary ways to prevent and control marine pollution is to establish and enforce laws and regulations that limit the discharge of harmful substances and waste into the sea. Many countries and international organizations have adopted such measures, such as theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive of the European Union. These frameworks set standards for the quality of water, air, and soil in marine environments, as well as for the use of sustainable practices in fishing, shipping, and tourism. They also provide mechanisms for monitoring and reporting violations, imposing penalties, and compensating for damages.However, the effectiveness of regulatory and legal frameworks depends on their implementation and enforcement. Some countries lack the capacity or political will to enforce the rules, while others may use them as a pretext for protectionism or discrimination. Moreover, some industries may resist the regulations, arguing that they would harm their competitiveness or profitability. Therefore, there is a need for international cooperation and coordination to ensure that the standards are harmonized, transparent, and fair, and that the compliance is incentivized and rewarded.Technological InnovationsAnother way to reduce marine pollution is to develop and apply new technologies that can prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of human activities. For example, there are several technologies that can remove pollutants from wastewater, such as reverse osmosis, activated sludge, and wetlands. Similarly, there are technologies that can capture and recycle plastic waste, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and mechanical recycling. There are also technologies that can reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from shipping, such as fuel cells, hybrid engines, and wind propulsion.However, the adoption of new technologies faces some challenges, such as the high costs of research and development, the lack of infrastructure and expertise, and the resistance of vested interests. Moreover, some technologies may have unintended consequences, such as the generation of new pollutants or the harm to marine ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for careful evaluation and regulation of the risks and benefits of new technologies, as well as for the collaboration between public and private sectors to share the costs and benefits.Behavioral ChangesA third way to address marine pollution is to promote and encourage changes in human behavior that can reduce the demand for or the impact of polluting activities. For example, there are campaigns that raise awareness about the harms of littering, overfishing, or using single-use plastics, and that encourage people to adopt alternative behaviors, such as recycling, using eco-friendly products, or supporting sustainable fishing practices. There are also educational programs that teach children and adults about the values and benefits of marine conservation, and that inspire them to become advocates for change.However, changing human behavior is not easy, as it involves complex factors such as culture, economics, and psychology. Some people may resist the changes, either out of ignorance, habit, or interest. Moreover, some changes may have unintended consequences, such as the displacement of pollution to other areas or the creation of new forms of inequality or injustice. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive and participatory approaches that involvestakeholders from different sectors and levels, and that address the root causes and drivers of marine pollution.ConclusionIn conclusion, marine pollution is a daunting challenge that requires a multi-faceted and collaborative response from all sectors and levels of society. The solutions to this problem involve regulatory and legal frameworks, technological innovations, and behavioral changes, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, there is a need for a holistic and adaptive approach that balances the risks and benefits of different solutions, and that fosters the cooperation and innovation needed to achieve sustainable marine ecosystems and human activities.。

海洋污染的保护措施英语作文

海洋污染的保护措施英语作文英文回答：Measures to Protect against Marine Pollution.Marine pollution is a serious environmental problemthat threatens the health of our oceans and the speciesthat rely on them. Various measures can be implemented to protect against marine pollution and mitigate its harmful effects.Reducing Emissions from Ships.Ships are a major source of marine pollution, releasing pollutants such as black carbon, nitrogen oxides, andsulfur oxides. Implementing regulations that limit ship emissions, promoting the use of cleaner fuels, and encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient technologies can help reduce emissions from this sector.Preventing Plastic Pollution.Plastic waste poses a significant threat to marine life. Reducing the use of single-use plastics, improving waste management practices, and investing in research for biodegradable materials can help curb plastic pollution in the oceans.Combating Oil Spills.Oil spills can have devastating consequences on marine ecosystems. Enhanced oil spill prevention measures,including stricter ship regulations and improved spill response mechanisms, can help minimize the risk of spills and mitigate their impact.Protecting Coastal Habitats.Coastal habitats, such as mangrove forests and coral reefs, play a crucial role in protecting coastlines from pollution and erosion. Conserving and restoring these habitats can help reduce the vulnerability of coastalecosystems to pollution.Encouraging Sustainable Fisheries Practices.Overfishing and destructive fishing practices can damage marine ecosystems and contribute to marine pollution. Implementing sustainable fisheries practices, including setting catch limits, using selective fishing gear, and protecting spawning grounds, can help preserve marine life and reduce pollution.Promoting Education and Awareness.Raising public awareness about the impacts of marine pollution and promoting responsible behaviors cancontribute to reducing pollution sources. Educating individuals on the importance of reducing plastic use, properly disposing of waste, and supporting sustainable industries can help foster a culture of environmental consciousness.Implementing International Cooperation.Marine pollution is a global problem that requires collective action. International agreements and collaborations can facilitate the sharing of best practices, coordinate research efforts, and establish standards for pollution reduction.中文回答：保护海洋免受污染的措施。

海洋污染的保护措施英语作文

海洋污染的保护措施英语作文Protecting Our Oceans from Pollution.Our oceans are vital to the health and sustainability of our planet. They cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and are home to a diverse array of marine life. However, in recent years, our oceans have been facing an increasing threat from pollution, which is having a devastating impact on marine ecosystems and the people who depend on them. In this article, we will explore some of the key measures that can be taken to protect our oceans from pollution.Firstly, it is essential to understand the sources of ocean pollution. One of the main sources is land-based pollution, which includes runoff from agricultural activities, urban runoff containing sewage and trash, and industrial waste discharged into rivers and streams that eventually flow into the ocean. To address this issue, we need to improve waste management practices on land. Thisincludes proper disposal of solid waste, reduction in the use of chemicals in agriculture, and better treatment of sewage and industrial waste before it enters water bodies.Another major source of ocean pollution is shipping. Ships release large amounts of exhaust gases andparticulate matter into the air, and their ballast watercan carry harmful microorganisms and invasive species to new habitats. To mitigate this problem, we need to promote the use of cleaner fuels in shipping and improve the efficiency of ship engines. Additionally, ballast water management regulations should be enforced to prevent the spread of invasive species.Plastic pollution is also a significant threat to our oceans. Millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the ocean every year, causing harm to marine life and affecting the health of ocean ecosystems. To reduce plastic pollution, we need to reduce our reliance on single-use plastics and encourage the use of reusable alternatives. Additionally,we need to improve waste management systems to ensure that plastic waste is properly disposed of and recycled.Oil spills are another major source of ocean pollution. Accidents during oil transportation and extraction can release large amounts of oil into the ocean, coating seabeds and killing marine life. To prevent oil spills, we need to improve safety measures in the oil industry and ensure that companies are held accountable for anypollution they cause. Additionally, we need to invest in research and development of new technologies that can effectively clean up oil spills and minimize their impact on the ocean.Protecting our oceans from pollution also requires the involvement of the international community. Marinepollution is a global problem that requires global solutions. International cooperation is needed to develop and enforce regulations that protect our oceans from pollution. Additionally, countries need to work together to address the root causes of pollution, such as unsustainable development and poverty.In conclusion, protecting our oceans from pollution iscrucial for the health and sustainability of our planet. It requires a multifaceted approach that involves improving waste management practices on land, promoting cleaner shipping practices, reducing plastic pollution, preventing oil spills, and enhancing international cooperation. By taking these measures, we can ensure that our oceans remain healthy and vibrant habitats for marine life and a valuable resource for future generations.。

防止海洋污染的英语作文

防止海洋污染的英语作文英文回答：Preventing Ocean Pollution is of Paramount Importance.The vast expanse of the world's oceans covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, serving as a vital source of food, energy, and recreational activities. However, human activities have significantly impacted the health of our oceans, leading to widespread ocean pollution. Addressing this pressing issue requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses global cooperation, technological advancements, and individual responsibility.Addressing Ocean Pollution: A Global Endeavor.International collaboration is crucial in combating ocean pollution, as it transcends national boundaries and affects all regions of the globe. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a legalframework for the protection of the marine environment, promoting cooperation among nations to prevent and control marine pollution. This collective effort involves sharing best practices, developing joint research programs, and implementing harmonized regulations to mitigate the harmful effects of pollution on ocean ecosystems.Technological Advancements for Cleaner Waters.Technological innovations play a pivotal role in preventing ocean pollution. Advanced waste management systems, including improved sewage treatment plants and waste-to-energy facilities, help reduce the discharge of untreated wastewater and solid waste into the oceans. Ships and offshore platforms are increasingly equipped with pollution control technologies, such as ballast water treatment systems and oil spill response equipment, to minimize the impact of their operations on marine life. Monitoring and surveillance systems, incorporating remote sensing and data analytics, enable scientists and environmentalists to track pollution sources and assess the extent of damage to marine ecosystems, guiding targetedconservation efforts.Individual Responsibility and Sustainable Choices.Preventing ocean pollution also requires the active participation of individuals and communities worldwide. Reducing plastic consumption, properly disposing of waste, and choosing sustainable products contribute significantly to curbing the flow of pollutants into the oceans. Promoting awareness campaigns and educational programs empowers individuals to make informed decisions and adopt eco-conscious practices. By embracing a circular economy approach, businesses and industries can reduce their environmental footprint and create closed-loop systems that minimize waste generation and promote resource efficiency.中文回答：防止海洋污染至关重要。

英语单词表示阻止的词和用法

英语单词表示阻止的词和用法The word "prevent" is a common English verb used to express the action of stopping something from happening or occurring. It implies taking measures or actions in advance to hinder or stop a particular event, situation, or outcome from taking place. The usage of "prevent" is quiteversatile and can be applied to various contexts, ranging from physical actions to abstract concepts.Here are some examples of how "prevent" can be used in different contexts:1. Preventing disease: We should wash our hands regularly to prevent the spread of germs and avoid getting sick.2. Preventing accidents: Drivers should always obey traffic rules to prevent accidents from happening.3. Preventing crime: Security cameras are installed inpublic places to prevent crime and ensure public safety.4. Preventing pollution: Governments are taking measures to prevent pollution and protect the environment.5. Preventing conflicts: Diplomacy and negotiation are essential to prevent conflicts and wars from breaking out.In these examples, "prevent" is used to describe actions taken to hinder unwanted outcomes. The subjects of these sentences range from individuals (washing hands, obeying traffic rules) to larger entities like governments (taking measures to prevent pollution, diplomacy to prevent conflicts).The usage of "prevent" can also be extended to more abstract concepts, such as preventing a problem fromarising or preventing a situation from escalating. For instance:1. Preventing a problem from arising: By planning and preparing ahead of time, we can prevent many problems fromarising in the future.2. Preventing a situation from escalating: It's important to address conflicts early on to prevent them from escalating into larger problems.In these cases, "prevent" is used to describe proactive measures taken to avoid future issues or difficulties.It's worth noting that "prevent" is often used in the context of taking preventative measures or actions to avoid negative outcomes. These measures could range from simple lifestyle changes (such as exercising regularly to prevent heart disease) to complex policies and strategies (such as implementing security measures to prevent terrorist attacks).In addition to "prevent," there are other related words and phrases that can be used to express similar concepts, such as "avoid," "halt," "stop," "hinder," and "thwart." However, each of these words has its own unique nuances and should be used carefully to ensure they are used in theappropriate context.In conclusion, "prevent" is a highly useful word in English that can be used in a wide range of contexts to describe actions taken to hinder or stop unwanted events or outcomes. Its usage is quite versatile and can be applied to various situations, from simple daily tasks to complex global issues. By understanding the nuances and appropriate usage of "prevent," English speakers can more effectively communicate their ideas and thoughts.。

保护防止英文作文

保护防止英文作文Protecting and preventing are important actions in our daily lives. We need to protect our environment from pollution and prevent the spread of diseases.In order to protect the environment, we should reduce the use of plastic and recycle as much as possible. We can also protect our environment by using public transportation instead of driving our cars.Preventing the spread of diseases is crucial for our health. We can prevent diseases by washing our hands frequently and getting vaccinated. It is also important to stay home when we are sick to prevent the spread of illness to others.We need to protect our personal information by using strong passwords and being cautious about sharing sensitive information online. It is important to prevent identity theft by monitoring our credit and being aware of potentialscams.Protecting our mental health is essential in today's fast-paced world. We can protect our mental health by taking regular breaks, practicing mindfulness, and seeking support from friends and professionals when needed.In conclusion, protecting and preventing are important aspects of our lives. We should strive to protect our environment, prevent the spread of diseases, safeguard our personal information, and protect our mental health. By taking these actions, we can create a safer and healthier world for ourselves and future generations.。

海洋污染处理英语作文

海洋污染处理英语作文Title: Addressing Ocean Pollution: Strategies and Solutions。

Ocean pollution is a pressing global issue that demands immediate attention and concerted efforts from individuals, communities, governments, and industries. The degradation of marine ecosystems due to pollution not only threatens marine biodiversity but also jeopardizes human health and well-being. In this essay, we will explore various strategies and solutions to tackle ocean pollution effectively.Firstly, enhancing public awareness and education is paramount in combating ocean pollution. People need to understand the detrimental effects of their actions on the marine environment and be encouraged to adopt sustainable practices. Educational campaigns, workshops, and outreach programs can play a crucial role in fostering environmental consciousness and promoting responsible behavior amongindividuals.Secondly, implementing stringent regulations and policies is essential to curb ocean pollution. Governments must enact and enforce laws that restrict harmfulactivities such as dumping untreated sewage, industrial waste, and plastics into the ocean. Additionally, imposing fines and penalties on polluters can serve as a deterrent and incentivize compliance with environmental regulations.Furthermore, investing in innovative technologies for waste management and pollution control is crucial in mitigating ocean pollution. Advanced filtration systems, waste-to-energy facilities, and bioremediation techniques can help remove pollutants from the water and prevent further contamination. Moreover, promoting the development of biodegradable materials and eco-friendly alternatives to single-use plastics can significantly reduce marine debris.In addition to regulatory measures and technological solutions, international cooperation is vital in addressing ocean pollution. Collaboration among nations is necessaryto establish marine protected areas, regulate fishing practices, and combat illegal dumping activities. Multilateral agreements and initiatives, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Paris Agreement, provide frameworks for coordinating efforts to protect the marine environment on a global scale.Moreover, fostering partnerships between governments, businesses, and civil society organizations can facilitate collective action and resource mobilization for ocean conservation. Corporate entities can play a proactive role by adopting sustainable practices, investing in pollution prevention measures, and supporting environmental initiatives. Likewise, non-profit organizations and community groups can contribute through volunteer clean-up efforts, habitat restoration projects, and advocacy campaigns.Additionally, promoting sustainable fisheries management and aquaculture practices is essential for preserving marine ecosystems and ensuring food security. Overfishing, habitat destruction, and bycatch posesignificant threats to marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities. Adopting science-based management strategies, implementing quotas and fishing restrictions, and promoting responsible aquaculture can help alleviate pressure on fish stocks and promote ecosystem resilience.Furthermore, addressing land-based sources of pollution is critical in reducing the influx of contaminants into the ocean. Implementing comprehensive waste management systems, improving sanitation infrastructure, and promotingrecycling and composting can minimize the discharge of pollutants from urban, agricultural, and industrial activities. Additionally, restoring coastal wetlands and mangrove forests can serve as natural buffers against pollution and enhance coastal resilience to climate change.In conclusion, addressing ocean pollution requires a multi-faceted approach that combines regulatory measures, technological innovations, international cooperation, and community engagement. By raising awareness, enforcing regulations, investing in sustainable solutions, andfostering collaboration, we can safeguard the health and integrity of our oceans for future generations. Together, we can make a positive impact and ensure a sustainable future for our planet's marine ecosystems.。

国际海事组织与海洋防污染

一．打造高分作文1.深谙阅卷老师的期待心理。

2.精心构造全文的引言段。

3.多多制造语言的闪光点。

如，在表达“我认为”，“我想”时，大家第一反应就是I think。

但还有其他的如I believe, I argue, I maintain, I assert, I insist, I claim, I emphasize, I suggest, I agree, I hold, I assume, I consider, I reckon, in my opinion, as I see it, as far as I’m concerned 等等。

再如，“越来越多的人”我们可以表达为people in growing/increasing/expanding/mounting number. “目的是，为了”可以说in an attempt to, in a bid to, with a view to, aim to, aim at, for the purpose of等。

4.尽量避免中国式英语。

5.尽量使用过渡词.英语文章讲究起承转合。

启：开启观点，亮出话题。

Nowadays, at present, recently, in recent years, now, in modern times, lately, currently,When it comes to…It is generally believed/ argued/ accepted/ acknowledged/ held/ recognized/ agreed that …It goes without saying that …It is no doubt that …It is self-evident that …It is a truism that …It is clear/ apparent that …Little/ No/ Small wonder that …Faced with / Confronted with …, some people maintain / argue/ insist/ claim/ hold/ deem/ assert that …, while others think/ consider/ assume/ believe …Nowadays there is a hearted discussion/ debate as to/ concerning …Recently, the issue of …has been in the limelight/ brought into focus.With the amazing development/ advance/ progress/ boom/ prosperity of economy/ science and technology, …According to a recent survey/ investigation/ poll/ questionnaire, …It is reported that …承：承接话题，进一步展开分析论证What’s more, moreover, in addition, besides, apart from that, aside from that, at the same time, meanwhile, in the mean time, also, furthermore, next, for example, for instance, a case in point, as an illustration, in the first place, first, firstly, first of all, above all, to begin with, to start with, on the one hand .. on the other hand, for one thing .. for another, more importantly, what is more important is that …, what is even worse is that …, worse still, to make matters/things worse, in fact, as a matter of fact, indeed, actually, virtually, surely, certainly, of course, no doubt, in specifics, to be exact, in particular, in other words, so to speak, that is to say, similarly, likewise, obviously, apparently.转：语义转折，讲对立面However, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, instead, conversely, oppositely, reversely, in spite of, despite, for all, on the other hand, by/in contrast, on the contrary, after all, unluckily, unfortunately, still, yet, although, though, but, while, whereas.合：总结归纳，得出结论In short, in brief, in a word, in a nutshell, in the final analysis, in conclusion, to sum up, to summerize, to conclude, to get it boiled down as follows, on the whole, as a whole, in general, by and large, generally speaking, therefore, thus, so, hence, consequently, as a result, finally, lastly, eventually, ultimately, in the end, as what I have discussed/analyzed above, from what has been mentioned above.除此之外，其他常用的过渡词还有:表示时间关系：Meanwhile, in the meantime, meantime, after a while, afterwards, and then, shortly after, soon after, at that time, finally, eventually, at last, at length, earlier, recently, lately, currently, presently, at present, now, nowadays, up to now, till now, so far, at that very moment, since, before, after, when, soon, thereafter, then, next, until, till, subsequently, formally, previously, prior to one’sdeparture, in/ during the past several decades/years表示举例关系For example, for instance, as an illustration, a case in point, take …for example, take …as an example, such as, like, including, to illustrate this point, let’s consider/ look at/ imagine/ assume/ suppose …, a typical/ convincing/ compelling/ example is, just consider/imagine …表示同位关系That is, that is to say, namely, alternatively, for example, for instance, in other words, or, rather, or rather, to be exact, to put it mildly, to put it bluntly, i.e., so to speak表示因果关系Because, as, for, since, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, by virtue of, on the grounds of, thanks to, due to the fact, for the reason that, in that, so, thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence, so that, now that表示强调关系Indeed, in fact, as a matter of fact, virtually, of course, certainly, above all, it is true that …表示比较关系Likewise, similarly, equally, correspondently, in the same manner, in the same fashion, by the same token, in comparison (with), in contrast to/with, in/by contrast, while表示次序关系First, second, firstly, secondly, to begin with, to start with, first of all, for a start, above all, first and foremost, in the first place, in the second place, moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more, next, finally, lastly, eventually, in the end, last but not least, for one thing …(and) for another (thing), on the one hand …on the other hand表示过渡关系As to, as for, with/in regard to, with reference to, regarding, concerning, considering, in the case of, by the way, incidentally, as regards, to resume, when it comes to …二．选词原则1．选词准确性如“假”一次的表达在不同语境和搭配中不一样：假花，假肢，假钞，假画，分别应该是：artificial flower, artificial limbs, counterfeit money, fake pictures,还有如假牙false teeth,假象false appearance, 假警察fake policeman, 假医生phony/quack doctor, 假唱lip-synch, 假酒adulterated wine, 假新闻pseudo-event, 假发wig, 假话lie, 假山rockery, 假装pretend, 假扮disguise, 假冒forge, 假意hypocrisy2.选词多样性。

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