WEEE case

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WEEE称重方法

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MADE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation.
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Example: Earphones/ Headphones 例如耳机例如:
Take away packaging and all acE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation.
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Source:
http://www.stiftung-ear.de/ http://www.stiftung-ear.de/hersteller/regelsetzung/regelbuch 1
MADE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation. Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Example: Turntables 唱盘
Take away packaging and all accessories: 拿开包装和配件
Non-detachable adaptors will be included 将包括不可拆卸适配器 Remove batteries before weighing items e.g. remote controls 称量物品前先移除电池,如:远程控制
The weight of the device in operational condition and fit for use, ie The basic version of the factory settings. This does not include: 称重的仪器必须是能正常操作且适合的. WEEE称重不包括: Packaging material 包装物料 accompanying documents 附带的文件 Additional accessories / additions that do not contain electrical components, eg Carrying case, bags 额外的配件(指那些不包含有电子配件的, 例如箱子, 袋子) Consumables (for example, CD, DVD, drill) 耗材(例如, CD, DVD, 钻头) Batteries, regardless of whether permanently installed or removed easily电池，不论是否永久安装或移除容易

iPhone手机背后面的那些标志都代表什么

iPhone手机背后面的那些标志都代表什么爱思英语编者按：拿出你的iPhone，取下手机壳，翻到手机背面，看到苹果的标志了吗？眼神再往下移一点，看到最下面那一串空心的符号了吗？明白这些神秘符号都是在讲什么吗？咱们今天就来解密。

What Do Those Symbols on the iPhone Mean?question the significance behind that peculiar row of symbols appearing near the bottom. What do they mean? Is it a secret Apple language that will eventually replace our alphabet?The truth is out there. And significantly less sinister. Here’s what you’re really looking at.· The “FC” logo actually hosts a third “C,” which indicates that the iPhone is Federal Communications Commission (FCC) compliant. The FCC governs devices that use radio frequency; phones fall under their Class B banner, which mandates they not cause or receive any harmful emissions under normal use [PDF].· Next is clearly a garbage can on wheels with a very disapproving “X” laid over it. Apple is not being subtle incautioning you not to throw the device away with the rest of your trash. The company advises owners to contact their local waste authority to find how best to rid themselves of the unit. This specific symbol, however, indicates WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive cooperation, a European attempt to minimize electronic waste in landfills by making it fun to type and say WEEE. · The exclamatio n mark inside a circle signals a Class II wireless device, which is important for users in other countries: not all the frequency bands the device may try to use are available everywhere.· “0682” and “CE” are also European markers. The number designates who approved it (Cetecom ICT services, an accreditation firm) and “CE” (Conformite Europeenne) represents the approval of its sale in the European Union.Apple’s MacBook sports all of these symbols (minus the 0682 Cetecom notice) but also adds two others.· Voluntary Control Council for Interference (“VCCI”) is a Japanese regulatory agency. Their stamp of approval indicates the laptop meets their standards for emitting radio frequency (RF) signals.· That checkmark inside the triangle is a Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) used in Australia to indicate electronic devices that are safe to use.Even if you don’t have a sleek cell phone case, you may not have to look at any of this gibberish for much longer. In November 2014, President Obama signed the E-Label Act into law, a bill that will allow manufacturers to place these notices in the device’s software. That may not apply to the European symbols, but either way, things will get a little sleeker.We also popped open an Android device—a Samsung Galaxy SII destined for a museum—and it relegated many of those notices to the battery itself. It also had cautions not to allow it to get wet, poked with a screwdriver, set ablaze, or obtained by a baby. You’ve been warned.BBC World News 每日新闻听力美国20世纪最伟大的100个演讲文本+MP3+中英双语对照转贴于：。

六价铬在 ELV, RoHS 及 WEEE指令

IEC科学上正确, 但在生產品檢的時候會產生問題
Only results >0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) are unambiguous
▪ Not shared by IEC IEC 沒有此條文 ▪ 0.02 mg/l Cr(VI) can well be quantified with UV-Vis 0.02 mg/L Cr(VI)能以UV-Vis 光譜儀測出 ▪ IEC is scientifically correct, but does not account for reproducibility of analyte preparation.
defines <0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) as ELV compliant 定义样本少于 0.1mg/l Cr(VI)为合符 ELV
Implication 意即:
If <0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) in analyte confirmed everything is fine 若测试结果<0.1 mg/l即代表没问题。
Passivates are thin films on plated bulk metal parts. 钝化膜是在镀层上的一层薄膜。
Weight of passivate is negligible compared to weight of part, quantification is a severe problem. 相对于工件的重量, 膜化膜的重量是可被忽略的。这令量化钝化膜重量的工作变得困难。 Estimation for ca. 0.3 µm thick passivate: 为 0.3µm厚的钝化膜作出估算:
▪ Not shared by IEC IEC没有这假设

UKCA,CE,WEEE等EU法规标签大全

CE Marking 的要求按照指令要求：--The CE marking shall be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the electrical equipment or to its data plate. Where that is not possible or not warranted on account of the nature of the electrical equipment, itshall be affixed to the packaging and to the accompanying documentsCE标记应明显、清晰、可靠。

如果由于电气设备的性质,不可能或不允许的（例如size过小）,则应贴在包装上，并附上相关文件。

--1：If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged, the proportions given in the graduated drawing in paragraph 3 shall be respected.（CE标志缩小或者放大，应当按照第三款刻度图中规定的比例进行）--2：Where specific legislation does not impose specific dimensions, the CE marking shall be at least 5 mm high.如果具体的法规没有规定具体的尺寸，那么CE marking 至少要求5mm 高度--3：The CE marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:CE标志须包括首字母“CE”，其形式如下:现场检查，要特别注意如下几点：1：判断产品是否需要具备CE mark (可根据booking 上货物出口的目的地以及产品本身的属性进行判断)2：检查CE mark 印刷比例是否标准3: 测量CE mark 的高度是否满足要求4：检查CE mark 的位置是否满足法规要求UKCA marking 的要求UKCA 标志（英国合规评估标志）推荐的英国产品标志要求，将产品投放到英国市场需申请该标志。

TP-Link Archer C20 AC750 无线双频路由器安装指南说明书

Archer C20AC750 Wireless Dual Band RouterREV1.0.0COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKSSpecifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2016 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved.FCC STATEMENTThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:∙Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.∙Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.∙Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.∙Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1）This device may not cause harmful interference.2）This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.Note: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused by unauthorized modifications to this equipment. S uch modifications could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.“To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this grant is applicable to only Mobile Configurations. The antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.”This device is restricted in indoor environment only.CE Mark WarningThis is a class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.RF Exposure InformationThis device meets the EU requirements (1999/5/EC Article 3.1a) on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields by way of health protection.T he device complies with RF specifications when the device used at 20 cm from your body. Restricted to indoor use.Canadian Compliance StatementThis device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1)This device may not cause interference, and(2)This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.Cet appareil est conforme aux norms CNR exemptes de licence d’Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes:(1)cet appareil ne doit pas p rovoquer d’interférences et(2)cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence, y compris celles susceptibles de provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.Industry Canada StatementCAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)Korea Warning Statements당해무선설비는운용중전파혼신가능성이있음.NCC Notice & BSMI Notice注意！依據低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性或功能。

欧洲WEEE电子废弃指令

This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents►B DIRECTIVE2002/96/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof27January2003on waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)(OJ L37,13.2.2003,p.24)Amended by:Official JournalNo page date►M1Directive2003/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ofL34510631.12.2003 8December2003DIRECTIVE2002/96/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCILof27January2003on waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,and in particular Article175(1)thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of Regions(3), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article251of the Treaty in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on8November2002(4),Whereas:(1)The objectives of the Community's environment policy are,inparticular,to preserve,protect and improve the quality of the environment,protect human health and utilise natural resources prudently and rationally.That policy is based on the precau-tionary principle and principles that preventive action should be taken,that environmental damage should as a priority be recti-fied at source and that the polluter should pay.(2)The Community programme of policy and action in relation tothe environment and sustainable development(Fifth Environ-mental Action Programme)(5)states that the achievement of sustainable development calls for significant changes in current patterns of development,production,consumption and behaviour and advocates,inter alia,the reduction of wasteful consumption of natural resources and the prevention of pollution.It mentions waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)as one of the target areas to be regulated,in view of the application of the principles of prevention,recovery and safe disposal of waste. (3)The Commission Communication of30July1996on review ofthe Community strategy for waste management states that,where the generation of waste cannot be avoided,it should be reused or recovered for its material or energy.(4)The Council in its Resolution of24February1997on a Commu-nity strategy for waste management(6)insisted on the need for promoting waste recovery with a view to reducing the quantity of waste for disposal and saving natural resources,in particular by reuse,recycling,composting and recovering energy from waste and recognised that the choice of options in any particular case must have regard to environmental and economic effects but that until scientific and technological progress is made and life-cycle analyses are further developed,reuse and material recovery should be considered preferable where and in so far as they are the best environmental options.The Council also invited the Commission to develop,as soon as possible,an appropriate(1)OJ C365E,19.12.2000,p.184and OJ C240E,28.8.2001,p.298.(2)OJ C116,20.4.2001,p.38.(3)OJ C148,18.5.2001,p.1.(4)Opinion of the European Parliament of15May2001(OJ C34E,7.2.2002,p.115),Council Common Position of4December2001(OJ C110E,7.5.2002,p.1)and Decision of the European Parliament of10April2002(not yet published in the Official Journal).Decision of the European Parlia-ment of18December2002and Decision of the Council of16December 2002.(5)OJ C138,17.5.1993,p.5.(6)OJ C76,11.3.1997,p.1.follow-up to the projects of the priority waste streams programme,including WEEE.(5)The European Parliament,in its Resolution of14November1996(1),asked the Commission to present proposals for Direc-tives on a number of priority waste streams,including electrical and electronic waste,and to base such proposals on the principle of producer responsibility.The European Parliament,in the same Resolution,requests the Council and the Commission to put forward proposals for cutting the volume of waste.(6)Council Directive75/442/EEC of15July1975on waste(2)provides that specific rules for particular instances or supple-menting those of Directive75/442/EEC on the management of particular categories of waste may be laid down by means of individual Directives.(7)The amount of WEEE generated in the Community is growingrapidly.The content of hazardous components in electrical and electronic equipment(EEE)is a major concern during the waste management phase and recycling of WEEE is not undertaken toa sufficient extent.(8)The objective of improving the management of WEEE cannot beachieved effectively by Member States acting individually.In particular,different national applications of the producer respon-sibility principle may lead to substantial disparities in the financial burden on economic operators.Having different national policies on the management of WEEE hampers the effectiveness of recycling policies.For that reason the essential criteria should be laid down at Community level.(9)The provisions of this Directive should apply to products andproducers irrespective of the selling technique,including distance and electronic selling.In this connection the obligations of producers and distributors using distance and electronic selling channels should,as far as is practicable,take the same form and should be enforced in the same way in order to avoid other distribution channels having to bear the costs of the provi-sions of this Directive concerning WEEE for which the equipment was sold by distant or electronic selling.(10)This Directive should cover all electrical and electronic equip-ment used by consumers and electrical and electronic equipment intended for professional use.This Directive should apply without prejudice to Community legislation on safety and health requirements protecting all actors in contact with WEEE as well as specific Community waste management legislation, in particular Council Directive91/157/EEC of18March1991 on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances(3).(11)Directive91/157/EEC needs to be revised as soon as possible,particularly in the light of this Directive.(12)The establishment,by this Directive,of producer responsibilityis one of the means of encouraging the design and production of electrical and electronic equipment which take into full account and facilitate their repair,possible upgrading,reuse, disassembly and recycling.(13)In order to guarantee the safety and health of distributors'personnel involved in the take-back and handling of WEEE, Member States should,in accordance with national and Commu-nity legislation on safety and health requirements,determine the conditions under which take-back may be refused by distributors.(1)OJ C362,2.12.1996,p.241.(2)OJ L194,25.7.1975,p.47.Directive as last amended by Commission Deci-sion96/350/EC(OJ L135,6.6.1996,p.32).(3)OJ L78,26.3.1991,p.38.Directive as amended by Commission Directive98/101/EC(OJ L1,5.1.1999,p.1).(14)Member States should encourage the design and production ofelectrical and electronic equipment which take into account and facilitate dismantling and recovery,in particular the re-use and recycling of WEEE,their components and materials.Producers should not prevent,through specific design features or manufac-turing processes,WEEE from being reused,unless such specific design features or manufacturing processes present overriding advantages,for example with regard to the protection of the environment and/or safety requirements.(15)Separate collection is the precondition to ensure specific treat-ment and recycling of WEEE and is necessary to achieve the chosen level of protection of human health and the environment in the Community.Consumers have to actively contribute to the success of such collection and should be encouraged to return WEEE.For this purpose,convenient facilities should be set up for the return of WEEE,including public collection points, where private households should be able to return their waste at least free of charge.(16)In order to attain the chosen level of protection and harmonisedenvironmental objectives of the Community,Member States should adopt appropriate measures to minimise the disposal of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to achieve a high level of separate collection of WEEE.In order to ensure that Member States strive to set upefficient collection schemes,they should be required to achieve a high level of collection of WEEE from private households.(17)Specific treatment for WEEE is indispensable in order to avoidthe dispersion of pollutants into the recycled material or the waste stream.Such treatment is the most effective means of ensuring compliance with the chosen level of protection of the environment of the Community.Any establishment or undertak-ings carrying out recycling and treatment operations should comply with minimum standards to prevent negative environ-mental impacts associated with the treatment of WEEE.Best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques should be used provided that they ensure human health and high envir-onmental protection.Best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques may be further defined in accordance with the procedures of Directive96/61/EC.(18)Where appropriate,priority should be given to the reuse ofWEEE and its components,subassemblies and consumables.Where reuse is not preferable,all WEEE collected separately should be sent for recovery,in the course of which a high level of recycling and recovery should be achieved.In addition, producers should be encouraged to integrate recycled material in new equipment.(19)Basic principles with regard to the financing of WEEE manage-ment have to be set at Community level and financing schemes have to contribute to high collection rates as well as to the implementation of the principle of producer responsibility. (20)Users of electrical and electronic equipment from private house-holds should have the possibility of returning WEEE at least free of charge.Producers should therefore finance collection from collection facilities,and the treatment,recovery and disposal of WEEE.In order to give maximum effect to the concept of producer responsibility,each producer should be responsible for financing the management of the waste from his own products.The producer should be able to choose to fulfil this obligation either individually or by joining a collective scheme.Each producer should,when placing a product on the market,providea financial guarantee to prevent costs for the management ofWEEE from orphan products from falling on society or the remaining producers.The responsibility for the financing of the management of historical waste should be shared by all existing producers in collective financing schemes to which all produ-cers,existing on the market when the costs occur,contributeproportionately.Collective financing schemes should not have the effect of excluding niche and low-volume producers,impor-ters and new entrants.For a transitional period,producers should be allowed to show purchasers,on a voluntary basis at the time of sale of new products,the costs of collecting,treating and disposing in an environmentally sound way of historical waste.Producers making use of this provision should ensure that the costs mentioned do not exceed the actual costs incurred. (21)Information to users about the requirement not to dispose ofWEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to collect WEEE sepa-rately,and about the collection systems and their role in the management of WEEE,is indispensable for the success of WEEE collection.Such information implies the proper marking of electrical and electronic equipment which could end up in rubbish bins or similar means of municipal waste collection. (22)Information on component and material identification to beprovided by producers is important to facilitate the management, and in particular the treatment and recovery/recycling,of WEEE.(23)Member States should ensure that inspection and monitoringinfrastructure enable the proper implementation of this Directive to be verified,having regard,inter alia,to Recommendation 2001/331/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of4 April2001providing for minimum criteria for environmental inspections in the Member States(1).(24)Information about the weight or,if this is not possible,thenumbers of items of electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in the Community and the rates of collection,reuse (including as far as possible reuse of whole appliances), recovery/recycling and export of WEEE collected in accordance with this Directive is necessary to monitor the achievement of the objectives of this Directive.(25)Member States may choose to implement certain provisions ofthis Directive by means of agreements between the competent authorities and the economic sectors concerned provided that particular requirements are met.(26)The adaptation to scientific and technical progress of certainprovisions of the Directive,the list of products falling under the categories set out in Annex IA,the selective treatment for mate-rials and components of WEEE,the technical requirements for storage and treatment of WEEE and the symbol for the marking of EEE should be effected by the Commission under a committee procedure.(27)The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directiveshould be adopted in accordance with Council Decision1999/ 468/EC of28June1999laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commis-sion(2),HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1ObjectivesThe purpose of this Directive is,as a first priority,the prevention of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE),and in addition, the reuse,recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the disposal of waste.It also seeks to improve the environ-mental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment, e.g.producers,distributors and(1)OJ L118,27.4.2001,p.41.(2)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.consumers and in particular those operators directly involved in the treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment.Article2Scope1.This Directive shall apply to electrical and electronic equipment falling under the categories set out in Annex IA provided that the equipment concerned is not part of another type of equipment that does not fall within the scope of this Directive.Annex IB contains a list of products which fall under the categories set out in Annex IA.2.This Directive shall apply without prejudice to Community legis-lation on safety and health requirements and specific Community waste management legislation.3.Equipment which is connected with the protection of the essential interests of the security of Member States,arms,munitions and war material shall be excluded from this Directive.This does not,however, apply to products which are not intended for specifically military purposes.Article3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive,the following definitions shall apply: (a)‘electrical and electronic equipment’or‘EEE’means equipmentwhich is dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly and equipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents and fields falling under the categories set out in Annex IA and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding1000Volt for alternating current and1500Volt for direct current;(b)‘waste electrical and electronic equipment’or‘WEEE’meanselectrical or electronic equipment which is waste within the meaning of Article1(a)of Directive75/442/EEC,including all components,subassemblies and consumables which are part of the product at the time of discarding;(c)‘prevention’means measures aimed at reducing the quantity andthe harmfulness to the environment of WEEE and materials and substances contained therein;(d)‘reuse’means any operation by which WEEE or componentsthereof are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived,including the continued use of the equipment or components thereof which are returned to collection points,distri-butors,recyclers or manufacturers;(e)‘recycling’means the reprocessing in a production process of thewaste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes,but excluding energy recovery which means the use of combustible waste as a means of generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat;(f)‘recovery’means any of the applicable operations provided for inAnnex IIB to Directive75/442/EEC;(g)‘disposal’means any of the applicable operations provided for inAnnex IIA to Directive75/442/EEC;(h)‘treatment’means any activity after the WEEE has been handedover to a facility for depollution,disassembly,shredding,recovery or preparation for disposal and any other operation carried out for the recovery and/or the disposal of the WEEE;(i)‘producer’means any person who,irrespective of the selling tech-nique used,including by means of distance communication in accordance with Directive97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of20May1997on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts(1):(i)manufactures and sells electrical and electronic equipmentunder his own brand,(ii)resells under his own brand equipment produced by other suppliers,a reseller not being regarded as the‘producer’ifthe brand of the producer appears on the equipment,asprovided for in subpoint(i),or(iii)imports or exports electrical and electronic equipment on a professional basis into a Member State.Whoever exclusively provides financing under or pursuant to any finance agreement shall not be deemed a‘producer’unless he also acts as a producer within the meaning of subpoints(i)to(iii); (j)‘distributor’means any person who provides electrical or elec-tronic equipment on a commercial basis to the party who is going to use it;(k)‘WEEE from private households’means WEEE which comes from private households and from commercial,industrial,institutional and other sources which,because of its nature and quantity,is similar to that from private households;(l)‘dangerous substance or preparation’means any substance or preparation which has to be considered dangerous under Council Directive67/548/EEC(2)or Directive1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(3).(m)‘finance agreement’means any loan,lease,hiring or deferred sale agreement or arrangement relating to any equipment whether or not the terms of that agreement or arrangement or any collateral agreement or arrangement provide that a transfer of ownership of that equipment will or may take place.Article4Product designMember States shall encourage the design and production of electrical and electronic equipment which take into account and facilitate dismantling and recovery,in particular the reuse and recycling of WEEE,their components and materials.In this context,Member States shall take appropriate measures so that producers do not prevent, through specific design features or manufacturing processes,WEEE from being reused,unless such specific design features or manufac-turing processes present overriding advantages,for example,with regard to the protection of the environment and/or safety requirements.Article5Separate collection1.Member States shall adopt appropriate measures in order to mini-mise the disposal of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to achievea high level of separate collection of WEEE.2.For WEEE from private households,Member States shall ensure that by the13August2005:(a)systems are set upallowing final holders and distributors to returnsuch waste at least free of charge.Member States shall ensure the(1)OJ L144,4.6.1997,p.19.(2)OJ196,16.8.1967,p.1.Directive as last amended by Commission Directive2001/59/EC(OJ L225,21.8.2001,p.1).(3)OJ L200,30.7.1999,p.1.Directive as amended by Commission Directive2001/60/EC(OJ L226,22.8.2001,p.5).availability and accessibility of the necessary collection facilities, taking into account in particular the population density;(b)when supplying a new product,distributors shall be responsible forensuring that such waste can be returned to the distributor at least free of charge on a one-to-one basis as long as the equipment is of equivalent type and has fulfilled the same functions as the supplied equipment.Member States may depart from this provision provided they ensure that returning the WEEE is not thereby made more difficult for the final holder and provided that these systems remain free of charge for the final holder.Member States making use of this provision shall inform the Commission thereof;(c)without prejudice to the provisions of(a)and(b),producers areallowed to set upand op erate individual and/or collective take-back systems for WEEE from private households provided that these are in line with the objectives of this Directive;(d)having regard to national and Community health and safety stan-dards,WEEE that presents a health and safety risk to personnel because of contamination may be refused for return under(a)and(b).Member States shall make specific arrangements for suchWEEE.Member States may provide for specific arrangements for the return of WEEE as under(a)and(b)if the equipment does not contain the essential components or if the equipment contains waste other than WEEE.3.In the case of WEEE other than WEEE from private households, and without prejudice to Article9,Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf provide for the collec-tion of such waste.4.Member States shall ensure that all WEEE collected under para-graphs1,2and3above is transported to treatment facilities authorised under Article6unless the appliances are reused as a whole.Member States shall ensure that the envisaged reuse does not lead to a circum-vention of this Directive,in particular as regards Articles6and7.The collection and transport of separately collected WEEE shall be carried out in a way which optimises reuse and recycling of those components or whole appliances capable of being reused or recycled.5.Without prejudice to paragraph1,Member States shall ensure that by31December2006at the latest a rate of separate collection of at least four kilograms on average per inhabitant per year of WEEE from private households is achieved.The European Parliament and the Council,acting on a proposal from the Commission and taking account of technical and economic experi-ence in the Member States,shall establish a new mandatory target by 31December2008.This may take the form of a percentage of the quantities of electrical and electronic equipment sold to private house-holds in the preceding years.Article6Treatment1.Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf,in accordance with Community legislation,set up systems to provide for the treatment of WEEE using best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques.The systems may be set up by producers individually and/or collectively.To ensure compliance with Article4of Directive75/442/EEC,the treatment shall,as a minimum,include the removal of all fluids and a selective treatment in accordance with Annex II to this Directive.Other treatment technologies ensuring at least the same level of protec-tion for human health and the environment may be introduced in Annex II under the procedure referred to in Article14(2).For the purposes of environmental protection,Member States may set upminimum quality standards for the treatment of collected WEEE.Member States which opt for such quality standards shall inform the Commission thereof,which shall publish these standards.2.Member States shall ensure that any establishment or undertaking carrying out treatment operations obtains a permit from the competent authorities,in compliance with Articles9and10of Directive75/442/ EEC.The derogation from the permit requirement referred to in Article 11(1)(b)of Directive75/442/EEC may apply to recovery operations concerning WEEE if an inspection is carried out by the competent authorities before the registration in order to ensure compliance with Article4of Directive75/442/EEC.The inspection shall verify:(a)the type and quantities of waste to be treated;(b)the general technical requirements to be complied with;(c)the safety precautions to be taken.The inspection shall be carried out at least once a year and the results shall be communicated by the Member States to the Commission.3.Member States shall ensure that any establishment or undertaking carrying out treatment operations stores and treats WEEE in compli-ance with the technical requirements set out in Annex III.4.Member States shall ensure that the permit or the registration referred to in paragraph2includes all conditions necessary for compli-ance with the requirements of paragraphs1and3and for the achievement of the recovery targets set out in Article7.5.The treatment operation may also be undertaken outside the respective Member State or the Community provided that the shipment of WEEE is in compliance with Council Regulation(EEC)No259/93 of1February1993on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within,into and out of the European Community(1).WEEE exported out of the Community in line with Council Regulation (EEC)No259/93,Council Regulation(EC)No1420/1999(2)of29 April1999establishing common rules and procedures to apply to ship-ments to certain non-OECD countries of certain types of waste and Commission Regulation(EC)No1547/1999(3)of12July1999deter-mining the control procedures under Council Regulation(EEC)No 259/93to apply to shipments of certain types of waste to certain coun-tries to which OECD Decision C(92)39final does not apply,shall only count for the fulfilment of obligations and targets of Article7(1)and (2)of this Directive if the exporter can prove that the recovery,reuse and/or recycling operation took place under conditions that are equiva-lent to the requirements of this Directive.6.Member States shall encourage establishments or undertakings which carry out treatment operations to introduce certified environ-mental management systems in accordance with Regulation(EC)No 761/2001of the European Parliament and of the Council of19March 2001allowing voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme(EMAS)(4).Article7Recovery1.Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf set upsystems either on an individual or on a collective (1)OJ L30,6.2.1993,p.1.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2557/2001(OJ L349,31.12.2001,p.1).(2)OJ L166,1.7.1999,p.6.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2243/2001(OJ L303,20.11.2001,p.11).(3)OJ L185,17.7.1999,p1.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2243/2001.(4)OJ L114,24.4.2001,p.1.basis,in accordance with Community legislation,to provide for the recovery of WEEE collected separately in accordance with Article5. Member States shall give priority to the reuse of whole appliances. Until the date referred to in paragraph4,such appliances shall not be taken into account for the calculation of the targets set out in paragraph 2.2.Regarding WEEE sent for treatment in accordance with Article6, Member States shall ensure that,by31December2006,producers meet the following targets:(a)for WEEE falling under categories1and10of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of80% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of75%by an average weight perappliance;(b)for WEEE falling under categories3and4of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of75% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of65%by an average weight perappliance;(c)for WEEE falling under categories2,5,6,7and9of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of70% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of50%by an average weight perappliance;(d)for gas discharge lamps,the rate of component,material andsubstance reuse and recycling shall reach a minimum of80%by weight of the lamps.3.Member States shall ensure that,for the purpose of calculating these targets,producers or third parties acting on their behalf keep records on the mass of WEEE,their components,materials or substances when entering(input)and leaving(output)the treatment facility and/or when entering(input)the recovery or recycling facility. The Commission shall,in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article14(2),establish the detailed rules for monitoring compliance, including specifications for materials,of Member States with the targets set out in paragraph 2.The Commission shall submit this measure by13August2004.4.The European Parliament and the Council,acting on a proposal from the Commission,shall establish new targets for recovery and reuse/recycling,including for the reuse of whole appliances as appro-priate,and for the products falling under category8of Annex IA,by 31December2008.This shall be done with account being taken of the environmental benefits of electrical and electronic equipment in use,such as improved resource efficiency resulting from developments in the areas of materials and technology.Technical progress in reuse, recovery and recycling,products and materials,and the experience gained by the Member States and the industry,shall also be taken into account.5.Member States shall encourage the development of new recovery, recycling and treatment technologies.Article8Financing in respect of WEEE from private households1.Member States shall ensure that,by13August2005,producers provide at least for the financing of the collection,treatment,recovery and environmentally sound disposal of WEEE from private households deposited at collection facilities,set up under Article5(2).。

欧盟绿色贸易壁垒对我国家电产品出口影响分析以海尔电器为例

摘要：随着世界贸易联系的日益紧密和我国改革开放的不断深入，我国与欧盟的家电贸易发展越发迅速，但是绿色壁垒作为欧盟限制我国家电产品出口的主要手段，使用频率越来越高，限制越来越严格。

本文从欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的具体法令出发，研究形成原因，分析其给我国家电企业带来的影响。

并通过海尔电器应对这些绿色限制措施的策略进行分析，总结海尔的应对经验，提出适合我国家电企业应对绿色壁垒的可行性措施。

关键词：绿色壁垒；家电企业；海尔电器；影响；对策Abstract：With joining the WTO, the trade between China and the west are increasingly linked. The development of household appliance industry that as an important support of China's export trade are faster and faster .However, the expansions of our trade surplus make our export suffer non-tariff barriers to trade more and more. Among them，the green barriers is the main method as limiting China's household electrical appliance product export of EU, using frequency more and more high and requiring more strict.This essay aiming at the green trade barriers types and reasons for research, analyze the impact of home appliance enterprises. At present, the green trade barriers of impact on China's household electrical appliance industry in export trade have been enlarged in particular environment. So taking Haier electronics for case studies, summing up the experience, then put forward the measures dealing with green barrier that suit for our home appliance enterprise.Key words: green barriers; household electrical appliance enterprises; Haier Electronics; effect;strategy目录一、引言 (1)（一）研究背景 (1)（二）主要研究内容 (1)（三）研究思路和方法 (1)二、文献综述 (2)三、我国家电企业遭受欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的原因分析 (3)（一）欧盟家电绿色贸易壁垒 (3)（二）国家电企业遭受欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的原因 (4)四、绿色贸易壁垒对中国家电产品贸易影响的分析 (7)（一）积极影响 (7)（二）消积影响 (8)五、海尔面对欧盟绿色壁垒的对策分析 (10)（一）海尔及其欧洲发展进程 (10)（二）海尔针对遭受的欧盟绿色壁垒与应对措施 (12)六、结论与启示 (15)（一）正确识别绿色壁垒的壳层梯度结构采取不同策略 (15)（二）建立强大的技术研发、质量检测、信息网络等支撑保障体系 (16)（三）强化环境管理标准体系，通过国际认证 (16)参考文献 (17)致谢......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

SPECTCT骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的应用价值

・202・!"#$$报(医学版)J Southeast Univ(Med Sei Edi)2021,Apy40(2)：202-206.论著.SPECT/CT骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的应用价值汤元翔1#2，栗全营2,徐玄飞2,王强2,杨桂芬3(1.南京大学医学院，江苏南京210046；2.东南大学附属中大医院核医学科，江苏南京210009；3.东部战区总医院核医学科，江苏南京210002)&摘要'目的：探讨""铮-亚甲基二瞬酸盐(""To MDP)单光子发射型断层扫描/X线计算机断层扫描(SPECT/CT)骨显像在钙化防御中的诊断价值。

方法：回顾性分析东南大学附属中大医院2017年11月至2020年5月临床病理确诊为钙化防御的17例患者的""T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像检查资料，根据患者临床资料及""T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像结果分析其临床特点及影像学表现。

结果：17例钙化防御患者16例出现骨外异常摄取99m Tc-MDP，阳性率为94.1%，仅1例SPECT/CT显像无阳性表现，阴性率为5.9%。

部分患者表现为多脏器的累及,其中累及躯干、四肢皮肤8例，占总病例的47.1%，表现为病变处皮肤增厚，皮下可见软组织团块、结节、钙化、炎性渗出等，病变区域放射性摄取不同程度增高。

多器官受累5例，占总病例的29.4%，表现为皮肤及皮下组织、骨骼肌、心肌、肺放射性异常增高，其中1例患者经硫代硫酸钠治疗后，临床表现及SPECT/CT骨显像表现均明显减轻。

另累及阴茎1例。

结论：钙化防御患者”"T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像有其特定的影像学表现，SPECT/CT骨显像对于钙化防御患者有重要的诊断价值。

&关键词'钙化防御；铮-亚甲基二瞬酸盐；单光子发射型计算机断层扫描；骨显像；骨外摄取&中图分类号］R543；R445.6&文献标志码］A&文章编号］1671-6264(2021)02-0202-05doi：10.3969/j.issn.1671-6264.2021.02.011Value of SPECT/CT bone imaging in the diagnosis of calciphylaxisTANG Yuanxiang1，2，LI Quanying2，XU Xuanfei2,WANG Qiang2 ,YANG Guifen3(1.Medical School qf Nanjing University,Nanjing210046,China；2.Department*Nuclear Medicine,Hospital,Sootheasi Universit',Nanjing210009,China；3.Department mf Nuclear Medice,Jinling Hospital of Eastern Theater Command,Nanjing210002, China)&Abstrach］Objective:To investigate the value of99m Technetium_methylene diphosphonale(99m Tc-MDP)single phoion emo s oon compuied iomogeaphyCcompuied iomogeaphy(SPECTCCT)boneomagongon ihedoagnososoecaaco-phylaxis.Methods:The data of99m Tc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging of17patients with calciphylaxis confirmed by paihoaogyon ZhongdaHo)poiaaoeSouihea)iUnoeee)oiyeeom Noeembee2017ioMay2020weeeeeieo)pecioeeayana-lyzed.Accerding to the clinical data and99m Tc_MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging results,the imaging manifestations and clinical characteVstics were analyzed.Resslts:16of the17patients with calciphylaxis had extraosseous uptakeal the lesion site,the positive rate was94.1%,only1patient had no positive manifestation on SPECT/CT,and the&收稿日期］2020-12-10&修回日期］2021-03-06&基金项目］江苏省“科教强卫工程-青年医学重点人才项目(QNRC2016913)&作者简介］汤元翔(1990-),男，江苏镇江人，住院医师。

FAQ_WEEE_ROHS-chinese&english

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ TÜV Product Service Ltd. Question and AnswersQuestion and Answersregarding the Directives2002/96/ECon waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)and2002/95/ECon the restriction of the use of certain hazardoussubstances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)关于废弃电子电气设备2002/96/EC 指令(WEEE)以及限制有害物质在电子电气设备中使用2002/95/EC 指令 (RoHS)的问与答_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ TÜV Product Service Ltd. Question and AnswersQ: Has the RoHS effective date changed? I thought it was July 1, 2006? 问: RoHS 的生效日期是否更改了？我以为是2006年7月1日。

A: The RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) entered into force on the day of its publication in the OJ (February 13, 2003). Member States of the EU are requested to bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions to comply with this Directive before August 13, 2004. From July 1, 2006 new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market shall not contain the six hazardous substances listed in the RoHS Directive.答: RoHS 指令(2002/95/EC) 从它在官方的定期刊物(Official Journal)上公布的那天（2003年2月13日）开始强制使用。

验厂英语

Peak Temperature（峰值温度）Cooling Stage（冷却阶段）Heating Stage（加热阶段）Bridging（桥连）Open（开路）车间:仓库：备品库：成品库：品管部：工程部：生产部：液晶显示器LCD（Liquid Crystal Display）发光二极管LED（Light Emitting Diode）电阻resistance电阻器resistor整流器rectifier电容capacitance电容器capacitor/capacitator电感inductance电感器inductor/inducer变压器transformer蓄电池storage battery继电器electrical relay充电器charger/ battery charger电源power/ power supply集成电路IC（Integrated Circuit）电路板circuit board不间断电源UPS（Uninterruptable Power Supply）连接器connector操作指导书/工艺文件operation guide/ process paper设计文件Design Document技术标准technical standard测试：射频测试：EVMPPM功率交换测试：高压测试：漏电流测试：接地电阻测试：QC（quality control）品质管理（员）SQC（Statistical Quality Control）统计品质管理TQC（Total Quality Control）全面品质管理AQL（Acceptable Quality Level）允许水准，可接受品质等级QA（Quality Audit）品质稽核QE（Quality Engineering）质量工程IQC（Incoming Quality Control）进料检验IPQC（In Process Quality Control）制程检验FQC（Final Quality Control）最终检验，线上检验OQC（Outgoing Quality Control）出货检验SIP（Standard Inspection Procedure）检验标准MQM（Modern Quality Management）(日本)现代品质管理体系（比ISO9001严格）QCC（Quality Control Circle）品管圈Check Sheet 核查表，审查表被欧盟禁止的有害物质Lead 铅PbCadmium 镉CdMercury 汞/水银HgHexavalent Chromium 六价铬Cr＋6PBB（Polybrominated biphenyls）溴化联苯PBDE（Polybrominated biphenyl ether）溴化联苯醚WEEE―（Waste From Electrical And Electronic Equipment）欧盟《关于报废电子电器设备指令》（简称：WEEE指令）ROHS―（The Use Of Certain Hazardous Substances In Electrical And Electronic Equipment）欧盟《关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》（简称：ROHS指令）ISO（International Organization for Standardization）国际标准化组织Preheat Zone 预热区Soak Zone 吸收区Ramp to Reflow 升温区Reflow Zone 再流区Cooling Zone 冷却区Reflow Soldering 再流焊Wave Soldering 波峰焊SMT 表面组装技术SMC（Surface Mount Component）表面组装元器件SMD（Surface Mount Device）表面组装元器件SMA（Surface Mount Assembly）表面组装组件Shelf Life 贮存寿命Working Life工作寿命Lot No. 批号Net/Net Weight净重Exp. Date 有效期至Mfg. Date 制造日期BS Brain Storming 腦力激蕩QCC Quality Control Circle 品質圈PDCA Plan Do Check Action 計劃執行檢查總結DCC delivery control center 交貨管制中心Computer 電腦類產品Consumer electronics 消費性電子產品Communication 通訊類產品Engineering control system 工程管制系統Quality control system品質管制系統Manufacturing control system生產管制系統Management control system經營管制系統Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiriRegulation整頓(arrangement, tidiness)-seitonCleanliness清掃(sweeping, purity)-seisoConservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsuCulture教養(discipline)-shitsukeSave 節約Safety安全品質保證類FAI first article inspection 新品首件檢查FAA first article assurance 首件確認CP capability index 能力指數CPK capability process index 模具製程能力參數SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供應商品質評估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC運作類AQL Acceptable Quality Level 運作類允收品質水準S/S Sample size 抽樣檢驗樣本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 極嚴重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 輕微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品質/可靠度/服務P/N Part Number 料號L/N Lot Number 批號AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件檢查報告PPM Percent Per Million 百萬分之一制程統計品管專類SPC Statistical Process Control 統計製程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 統計品質管制GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重測性判斷量可靠與否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直徑N Number 樣品數其它品質術語類QIT Quality Improvement Team 品質改善小組ZD Zero Defect 零缺點QI Quality Improvement 品質改善QP Quality Policy 目標方針TQM Total Quality Management 全面品質管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料認可7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件類ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程變更通知(供應商)ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改動要求(客戶)PCN Process Change Notice 工序改動通知PMP Product Management Plan 生產管制計劃SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 製程檢驗標準程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 製造作業規範IS Inspection Specification 成品檢驗規範BOM Bill Of Material 物料清單PS Package Specification 包裝規範SPEC Specification 規格DWG Drawing 圖面系統文件類ES Engineering Standard 工程標準CGOO China General PCE龍華廠文件IWS International Workman Standard 工藝標準ISO International Standard Organization 國際標準化組織GS General Specification 一般規格部類PMC Production & Material Control 生產和物料控制PCC Product control center 生產管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生產計劃控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 資料中心QE Quality Engineering 品質工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 品質保證(處)QC Quality Control 品質管制(課)PD Product Department 生產部LAB Laboratory 實驗室IE Industrial Engineering 工業工程R&D Research & Design 設計開發部生產類PCs Pieces 個(根,塊等)PRS Pairs 雙(對等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 棧板PO Purchasing Order 采購訂單MO Manufacture Order 生產單D/C Date Code 生產日期碼ID/C Identification Code (供應商)識別碼SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批號P/N Part Number 料號OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原設備製造(來樣代工) ODM Original Design Manufacture 原設計制造(設計代工)PC Personal Computer 個人電腦CPU Central Processing Unit 中央處理器A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 盡可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 電子郵件N/A Not Applicable 不適用QTY Quantity 數量I/O input/output 輸入/輸出NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 極嚴重不允許APP Approve 核準,認可,承認CHK Check 確認ASS'Y Assembly 裝配,組裝T/P True Position 真位度5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to6M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Message4MTH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time, How 人力,物力,財務,技術,時間(資源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品質保證DQA Design Quality Assurance 設計品質保證MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 製造品質保證SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 銷售及服務品質保證LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率SPS Switching power supply 電源箱DT Desk Top 臥式(機箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(機箱)DVD Digital Video DiskVCD Video Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer Aided DesignCAM Computer Aided ManufacturingCAE Computer Aided EngineeringPCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷電路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善報告NG Not Good 不良WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出貨要求PPM Percent Per Million 百萬分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生產保養MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需計劃OS Operation System 作業系統TBA To Be Assured 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 電子音樂工業Electrical Magnetic Interference 電子干扰RFI Read Frequency Input 讀頻輸入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material SizeLED lighting-emitting diode 發光二极管QBR Quarter Business RecordCIP Continuous improvement processFGI Forecasted Goal InventoryCNC Computerized numeral controllerB2C Business to customerB2B Business to businessAVL Approved vendor listPOP Procedure of packagingEOL End of lifeVDCS Vender defect correcting sheetPDCS Process defect correcting sheetGRN Goods receiving noteA/R Accounting receivableA/P Accounting payable三:專業詞匯通用類president董事長operator作業員position職務general manager總經理special assistant 特助deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理deputy supervisor =vice supervisor 副課長group leader組長line leader線長supervisor 課長responsible department負責單位Human Resources Department人力資源部Head count 人頭數production department生產部門planning department企劃部QC Section品管課stamping factory沖壓廠painting factory烤漆廠molding factory成型廠administration/general affairs dept./總務部production unit生產單位meeting minutes會議記錄distribution department分發單位subject主題conclusion結論decision items決議事項pre-fixed finishing date預定完成日Color management 顏色管理Visual management 目視管理production capacity生產力first count初盤first check初盤復櫂second count 復盤second check復盤復核quantity of physical inventorysecond count 復盤點數量physical inventory盤點數量physical count quantity帳面數量difference quantity差異量spare parts physical inventory list備品盤點清單cause analysis原因分析waste materials廢料description品名specification 規格model機種work order工令revision版次remark備注registration登記registration card登記卡to control管制application form for purchase請購單consume, consumption消耗to notify通知to fill in填寫to collect, to gather收集statistics統計cosmetic inspection standard 外觀檢驗規範computer case 電腦外殼(組件) personal computer enclosure 電腦機箱產品front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座bezel panel面板Hood 上蓋base pan 基座bezel 面板riser card 擴充卡flat cable 排線TOP driver cage 上磁架bottom driver cage 下磁架resin film 樹脂膜raw materials原料materials物料steel plate鋼板roll/coil material捲料spare parts =buffer備品plastic parts塑膠件sheet metal parts/stamping parts 沖件material check list物料檢查表finished product成品semi-finished product半成品good product/accepted goods/accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods處理品warehouse/hub倉庫packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket膠筐flow chart流程表單production tempo生產進度現狀lots of production生產批量manufacture procedure制程to revise, modify修訂to switch over to, switch—to,switching over切換engineering bottleneck, projectdifficulty工程瓶頸glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套Band-Aid創可貼Industrial alcohol工業酒精broom掃把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸塵器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋liaison聯絡單rags抹布lamp holder燈架to mop the floor拖地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 氣管delivery deadline交貨期die worker模工production, to produce生產equipment設備resistance電阻beacon警示燈coolant冷卻液crusher破碎機club car高爾夫球車plate電鍍power button電源按鍵reset button重置鍵forklift叉車Workshop traveler 天車trailer =long vehicle拖板車Hydraulic trolley手壓車hydraulic hand jack油壓板車casing = containerization裝箱velocity速度patent專利coordinate座標supply and demand供求career card履歷卡barricade隔板carton box紙箱to pull and stretch拉深work cell/work shop工作間sub-line支線bottleneck 瓶頸品質類qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品defective product box不良品箱poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part來件不良exposed metal/bare metal金屬裸露excessive defect過多的缺陷critical defect極嚴重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合規格cosmetic defect外觀不良lack of painting烤漆不到位slipped screw head/slippery slipped thread滑絲missing part漏件wrong part錯件oxidation氧化defective threading抽芽不良poor staking鉚合不良deficient purchase來料不良deficient manufacturing procedure 制程不良cosmetic inspection外觀檢查inner parts inspection內部檢查blister 氣泡angular offset 角度偏差dent 壓痕scratch 刮傷deformation 變形filings 鐵削defective label 不良標簽abrasion 磨損Breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked 斷裂short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 銀紋gas mark焦痕delaminating起鱗speckle斑點mildewed =moldy = mouldy發霉deformation變形burr(金屬)flash(塑件)毛邊poor staking鉚合不良excessive gap間隙過大grease/oil stains油污inclusion雜質shrinking/shrinkage縮水mixed color雜色fold of packaging belt打包帶折皺painting make-up補漆discoloration羿色water spots水漬impurity 雜質Mismatch 錯位failure, trouble 故障deformation 變形rust 生銹peel 脫漆Shrink 縮水Contamination 臟污water spots 水漬Gap 間隙label error 標簽錯誤Missing label 漏貼rejection criteria 拒收標准Suspected rejects 可疑庇abrasion 損傷、磨損Texture surface 印花紋表面Streak 條紋stains 污點Blotch 斑點discoloration 脫色Inclusion 雜質slug mark 壓痕dirt grime 灰塵blush 毛邊薄膜sink 下凹Hickey 漏漆labels and logos 貼紙與商標Configuration labels 組合貼紙corrugated container 瓦擺紙箱Delaminating 脫層splattering 散點Gouge 銼孔puckering 折痕Quality Innovation Activity SystemISO 2859-1 Sampling PlansCritical: A Critical defect is a defect which, based on expert assessment and experience, can cause dangerous or unsafe situations for users, installers or maintenance people or people directly involved with the product as long as they follow the instructions mentioned in the technical documentation.Major: A defect, other than a Critical defect, that causes the product not to function as agreed or will presumably cause the product not to function as agreed in the foreseeable future, or reduces materially the usability of the product for its intended purpose.Deviations from agreed specifications are classified as Major. Some visual imperfections can be classified as Major defect too.Minor: A Minor defect is a defect not classified as Critical or Major. Small deviations from the agreed specifications, that are not likely to reduce materially the usability of the product for its intended purpose are classified as minor defect.。

WEEE Directive

Testing everywhere for markets anywhere
WEEE Compliance
WEEE Markings
All EEE placed on the market after 13 August 2005 shall be marked with: • Crossed wheelie bin symbol. • Producer’s registered identification (e.g. brand name, trademark, company registration No.). • Date marking as either: – Date of manufacture/placed on the market; or – Solid bar added beneath the crossed wheelie bin.
Testing everywhere for markets anywhere
Background
Why WEEE?
• WEEE in the EU amounted to 14 kg/head/per year (5 million tonnes/year) for the 15 Member States. • Fastest growing EU waste stream – at a rate three times faster than average municipal waste!! • Hazardous substances commonly found in WEEE are a major concern.
8. Medical devices;
Used for detecting & monitoring illness injury and disability.

WEEE Directive

Testing everywhere for markets anywhere
WEEE Compliance
WEEE Markings
All EEE placed on the market after 13 August 2005 shall be marked with: • Crossed wheelie bin symbol. • Producer’s registered identification (e.g. brand name, trademark, company registration No.). • Date marking as either: – Date of manufacture/placed on the market; or – Solid bar added beneath the crossed wheelie bin.
Testing everywhere for markets anywhere
WEEE Compliance
Distributor Responsibility
Distributor:
Any person who commercially provides EEE to the end user (e.g. a retailer).
Testing everywhere for markets anywhere
WEEE Compliance
Markings - prEN 50419 - Location
• On the EEE.
• Elsewhere ONLY in exceptional cases, if the size, functionality or other characteristics of the EEE prevent this, they shall be placed: – On a flag attached to the fixed supply cord (if any); AND – In the operating instructions; AND – Warranty of the EEE, where supplied. • Only in the absence of the above options: – On the packaging.

欧盟（EU）双环保指令RoHSWEEE介绍

欧盟(EU)双环保指令R‎oHS& WEEE 介绍(1) 名词解释● RoHS的中‎文解释：关于在电子电‎气设备中限制‎使用某些有害‎物质指令● WEEE的中‎文解释：关于报废电子‎电气设备指令‎● "WEEE" Markin‎g: 垃圾桶上打叉‎● 所有出欧盟的‎K eyboa‎r d产品，其FCC Label上‎必须印"WEEE" LOGO(2) SGS关于R‎o HS& WEEE之论‎述● SGS研讨会‎资料● SGS测试通‎知：从2006年‎10月1日起‎，SGS开始使‎用统一的报告‎格式，全部采用IE‎C 62321测‎试方法﹔所有报告中不‎会再出现“EPA305‎0B”、“EN1122‎”、“EPA305‎2”、“EPA 3060A ＆ EPA719‎6A” 等字眼.(3) 为何要推行R‎oHS&WEEE?● 欧盟各国电子‎垃圾日益增多‎● SONY游戏‎机被荷兰海关‎N ITON 700 XRF(X光荧光分析‎仪)侦测出线材C‎d含量严重超‎标并被处巨额‎罚款，迫使SONY‎痛定思痛并在‎全球首家推出‎S S-00259，从此引发全球‎绿色采购环保‎认证浪潮X-Ray Fluore‎s cence‎X光荧光分析‎仪● 欧盟各国违反‎W EEE和R‎o HS罚则(4) 为何各个客户‎（如SONY、Micros‎o ft、HP、……）之间环保标准‎不一致？● 欧盟和美州各‎国针对环保制‎订的法规标准‎不一致● 各客户产品最‎终出货之目的‎地不一样(5) RoHS从最‎初的产品认证‎逐步发展、演变至与IS‎O 9000、ISO140‎00类似的I‎E CQ QC0800‎00 HSPM有害‎物质过程管理‎体系认证● IECQ QC 080000‎HSPM有害‎物质过程管理‎体系认证简介‎● IECQ QC 080000‎---SGS讲义● IECQ QC 080000‎---Intert‎e k讲义(6) RoHS物质‎检测仪器介绍‎● 电感耦合等离‎子发射光谱 (ICP-AES)● 原子吸收光谱‎仪 (AAS)● 紫外线可见光‎分光光度计 (UV-VIS)● 微波消解仪 (Microw‎a ve)● 气相色谱/氮磷检测器 ( GC / MS / NPD )● 离子色谱/质谱仪 ( LC / MS )● 高效液相色谱‎仪 ( HPLC )(二) 欧盟(EU) 邻苯二甲酸酯‎(Phthal‎a tes)指令《2005/84/EC》介绍(1) 何谓《2005/84/EC》？● 12/14/2005,欧盟颁布第2‎005/84/EC指令，限制儿童护理‎用品及玩具中‎的邻苯二甲酸‎酯(Phthal‎a tes)的含量.●儿童护理用品‎系指任何有助‎于儿童睡眠、放松、保持卫生、以及喂哺儿童‎或让儿童吸吮‎的产品，包括各种形状‎及类型的奶嘴‎.●邻苯二甲酸酯‎(Phthal‎a tes)属增塑剂范畴‎，是一类能起到‎软化作用的化‎学品，普遍应用于玩‎具、食品包装材料‎、医用血袋和胶‎管、乙烯地板和壁‎纸、清洁剂、润滑油、个人护理用品‎(如指甲油、头发喷雾剂、香皂和洗发液‎)等数百种产品‎中.(2) 此指令所限用‎的六种邻苯二‎甲酸酯(Phthal‎a tes)如下：DEHP：邻苯二甲酸二‎己酯DBP：邻苯二甲酸二‎丁酯BBP：邻苯二甲酸苯‎基丁酯DINP：邻苯二甲酸二‎异壬酯DIDP：邻苯二甲酸二‎异癸酯DNOP：邻苯二甲酸二‎辛酯含量限制为： DEHP+DBP+BBP< 0.1% (1000pp‎m )DINP+DIDP+DNOP< 0.1% (1000pp‎m )(3) 此指令于1/16/2007正式‎生效.(4) 此指令可能涉‎及到的群光产‎品为DSC & CM事业部出‎货Micro‎soft的X‎-BOX.(5) Micros‎o ft 及Sony二‎个客户于最新‎版的RoHS‎规范中均有增‎加此指令内容‎.(三) China RoHS 介绍(1) 何谓Chin‎a RoHS ?● 2/28/2006由中‎国大陆之信息‎产业部、国家发改委、商务部、海关总署、工商总局、质检总局、环保总局等七个部‎委联合制订的‎《电子信息产品‎污染控制管理‎办法》● 此管理办法将‎于2007年‎3月1日开始‎施行(2) 11/06/2006 SJ/T 11363-2006《电子信息产品‎中有害物质的‎限量要求》正式发行● 此标准明确定‎义了Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr+6、PBB、PBDE的含‎量限制，● China RoHS与欧‎盟RoHS标‎准一致，但解释更清楚‎、定义更明晰(3) 11/06/2006 SJ/T 11364-2006《电子信息产品‎污染控制标识‎要求》正式发行●“ e ” 表示产品中不‎含有害物质或‎元素●“ 10 ”表示产品中含‎有有毒有害物‎质或元素,环保使用期限‎为10年(4) 11/06/2006 SJ/T 11365-2006《电子信息产品‎中有毒有害物‎质的检测方法‎》正式发行● 此标准系参考‎I EC 111/54/CDV《电子电器产品‎中六种限用物‎质铅、镉、汞、六价铬、多溴联苯、多溴二苯醚的检‎测方法》而编写的，但比之内容更‎详细、解释更清楚.(5) 6/20/2006 GB/Z 20288-2006《电子电气产品‎中有害物质检‎测样品拆分通‎用要求》正式发行● 此标准系参考‎欧盟关于均质‎材料的定义规‎定了样品测试‎时如何进行拆‎分至最小单元‎的若干要求● 当测试样品质‎量≦10mg或体‎积≦ 1.2mm3(如0805贴‎片类组件2.0mm×1.2mm×0.5mm) 难进一步拆分时，可直接混测.(6) China RoHS 解读● Foxcon‎n讲解●信息产业部五‎所(赛宝)---罗道军● China RoHS及配‎套标准常见问‎题官方解答(四) Micros‎o ft客户2‎007年最新‎之"RSC管控"标准变动情况‎介绍(1) 《H00594‎》版本变更： Rev J ==> Rev K● 新增Micr‎osoft各‎种环境规范(H00594‎,H00642‎,H02446‎)之间的相互关‎系示意图.● 变更表A中玩‎具行业Bio‎availa‎b ility‎(生物利用度)八大可溶性重‎金属(Sb、Ba、As、Cd、Hg、Cr、Se、Pb)的限度规格值‎(2) 《H00642‎》版本变更： Rev D ==> Rev E● 附件SDoC‎变更为新版本‎● 移除了有关O‎DC的内容.(3) 《H02446‎》版本变更： Rev F ==> Rev G●此规范提供了‎M icros‎o ft认可的‎供货商内部R‎oHS实验室‎(in-house Lab)清单、第三方公正机‎构RoHS测‎试实验室(Third Party Profes‎s ional‎Lab)清单及认证流‎程.●明确了RoH‎S六项有害物‎质、六种邻苯二甲‎酸酯、玩具行业八大‎可溶性重金属‎的测试方法.●规定了提交给‎M icros‎o ft的有害‎物质化学分析‎测试报告的具‎体要求.(五)Sony客户‎2007年最‎新之"RoHS管控‎"标准变动情况‎介绍(1) 2007年4‎月1日，SS-00259(第六版)---中英文对照版‎发行○1 以下物质、部位规定为1‎级：a. 镍、镉电池b. 含有PVC的‎如下零部件及‎部位● 扁型软电线(FFC)● 用于木制扬声‎器外装的片材‎、层压板● 绝缘板、装饰板、标签、片材(如绝缘片、保护膜等)、层压板.○2 2级中新增加‎氧化铍○3 3级中新增加‎：● 铍青铜●. 氢氟碳化合物‎(HFC)、全氟化碳(PFC)●. Cable外‎被、插头(Plugs)、连接器(Connec‎t or)等含PVC的‎物料中的几大‎类增塑剂---邻苯二甲酸酯‎(Phthal‎a tes),如DEHP、DBP、BBP、DINP、DIDP、DNOP、DNHP(2)“Non-use自我宣‎告书”<<Certif‎i cate of Non-use of Enviro‎n ment-relate‎d Substa‎n ces to be contro‎l led环境‎管理物质不使‎用证明书>>(3) 《索尼集团环境‎质量管理程序‎书》第1版 PQ-2029C-01(中文版) 或《SONY Group Proced‎u res for Enviro‎n menta‎l Qualit‎y Contro‎l》1st Editio‎n PQ-2029E-01(英文版)发行。

两种方式治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效比较

dvi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0287-2021.01.048-临床论著-两种方式治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效比较王觅格，孙哲思，王卫明，许伟斌，郑松摘要：目的比较经皮微创锁定钢板内固定（MICPO）和交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效。

方法将90例胫骨中下段骨折患者按治疗方法不同分为髓内钉组（采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,40例）和MIPPO组（采用MIPPO治疗,50例）。

记录并发症情况和骨折愈合时间。

术后1年采用Johner-Wruhs评分和疼痛VAS评分评价疗效。

结果90例患者均获得随访，时间14~24个月。

髓内钉组发生膝关节疼痛2例，感染1例;MIPPO组发生浅部感染1例。

骨折愈合时间髓内钉组较MIPPO组短，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

术后1年,Johner-Wruhs评分优良率髓内钉组高于MIPPO组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;VAS评分髓内钉组低于MIPPO组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论MIPPO和交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折均可取得理想效果，但交锁髓内钉内固定治疗术后功能评分更好。

关键词:胫骨骨折;交锁髓内钉内固定;经皮微创锁定钢板内固定中图分类号：R683.42；R687.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-0287（2021）01-0124-04Comparison effect of two methods in the treatment of middle and lower tibial fracteresWANG Mi-ge,SUN Zhe-st,W4NG Wei-ming,XU WejZm,ZHENG Song(Dept of Orthogaedics,theSecond Hospital f Jiaxing Cith,Jiaxing,Zhejiang314000,China)Abstract:Objective To compare the eWect of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis(MIPPO)andinterlocking inWameduHary nail internal fixation in the Weahnent of middle and lower tibial fractures.Methods Ac-coedingtotheteeatmentmethod,90casesofmiddaeand aoweetibiaafeactueesweeedieided intointeamedu a aeynaiageoup and MIPPOgeoup,40casesweeeteeated with inteeaockinginteamedu a eynaia,50casesweeeteeated with MIP-PO inteenaafiaation.Thecompaicationsand thefeactueeheaaingtimeweeeeecoeded,Johnee-Weuhsscoeeand pain VASwere used to evaluate the eWect at1year Vter operation.Results All90cases were followed up for14〜24months.In theinteamedu a eynaiageoup,theeeweee2casesofknee.ointpain and1caseofinfection.In theMIPPO geoup,theeewas1caseofsupeeficiaainfection.Theheaaingtimeofinteamedu a eynaiageoup wasshoeteethan thatofMIPPOgeoup,butthedi f eeencewasnotstatistica a y significant(P>0.05).At1yeaepostopeeation,theJohnee-Weuhsscoeeexcellent-good rate of the inWamedullary nail group was higher than that of MIPPO group(P<0.05).VAS of intr-amedu a eynaiageoup wasaoweethan MIPPOgeoup,whiaethedieeencewasnotstatistica a y signiicant(P>0.05).Conclusions MIPPO and interlocking inWamedullary nail internal fixation can achieve ideal results in the Weatwentofmiddaeand aoweetibiaafeactuee,,butthefunctionaa,coeeofinteeaockinginteamedu a a eynaiaibe t ee.Key words:tibiaafeactuee,;inteeaockinginteamedu a eynaiainteenaafiaation;minima a y inea,ieepeecutaneou paateo,-teo,ynthe,iinteenaafiaation胫骨中下段骨折通常采用普通加压钢板内固定治疗，但胫骨远端骨折多由交通事故等高能量损伤所致,常伴发严重软组织损伤,尤其是胫骨下端软组织附着少、血供较差，故术后并发症发生率较高[1]"有报道⑵显示，胫骨交锁髓内钉内固定和经皮微创锁（MIPPO）治疗骨中骨折织作者单位:嘉兴市第二医院骨科，浙江嘉兴314000作者简介:王觅格，男，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事创伤及关节骨科,E-maia:doaphin123*********;郑松&男，主任医师，通讯作者，主要从事创伤及显微外科研究&E-mail:jxzs007@163-com 剥离少、血运破坏较小,但关于两者疗效比较的报道较少。

无铅焊接与覆铜板选择

无铅焊接与覆铜板选择一、前言欧盟RoHS法令已从2006.7开始执法，虽说禁用物质共有六项，但对PCB与CCL所造成的影响，其实却只有无铅焊接而已。

FR-4板材中所惯用的阻燃剂(Flame Retardent)四溴丙二酚(Tetra─Bromo─Bisphenol A；早期此词一向简称为TBBA，不知为何最近又流行起TBBPA了)，事实上并不属于RoHS所明文指出的多氯联苯PBB与多溴二苯醚PBDE等两项毒害物质。

不过的确有某些欧盟国家(如瑞典等)与日本等仍在搅局，想要从板材中彻底废除所有的溴化物，幸好目前IPC与多数国家业界尚不认同这种陈义过高的极端做法。

无铅焊接由于热量(Thermal Mass)大增，也就是焊料熔点比有铅者上升34~44℃(例如SAC或SCN)，且熔点以上的历时(Time Above Liquidus；TAL)也多出约50秒。

此等火上浇油所加成的负面效果，使得组装过程中不但零组件遭创颇巨，且受热面积最大的板材尤其受害最深。

通常小面薄形多层板所幸内外温差较少，且又在PCB制程的良好管控下，其外观可见到的爆板尚不致太多。

然而厚大多层板与厚铜兼厚板者所受到的灾难则惨不忍睹矣！如此前所来见的痛苦，一时还很难从强热中毫发无伤全身而退。

加以板材除了必须具备耐强热之品质外，其它如机械强度、电气特性、耐化性、与制程匹配性等亦均不可牺牲；是故不可能从树脂配方与板材的制作中全数加以改善。

经验中迁就某一项性能时，一定会对其他质量带来若干负面影响。

天下没有万能的CCL，只能就需求的优先程度而取决其改善的方向。

二、板材规范新增品项与Tg的影响无铅焊接的强热一定会对CCL覆铜板的三成员(铜箔、树脂及玻纤布)分别造成影响，其中尤以树脂部份所受到的折磨最大。

现将其全面性的内容要式整理成两个表格以供参考。

表1、无铅焊接对基材板的负面影响：表2、无铅焊接基材板新增之关键品项：表3、讨论四种常见的FR-4板材之品项比较：事实上多年来在热量较少的有铅焊接世界中，板材的Tg较高者，通常其耐热性也表现得较好。

NI 9401 说明书使用手册

使用说明和产品规范NI 94018通道，TTL数字输入/输出模块NI 9401 使用说明和产品规范/china 本文档主要介绍NI 9401的使用方法，及其产品规范和引脚分配。

关于模块所需软件的详细信息，请访问/info ，输入信息代码rdsoftwareversion 查询。

欲知系统安装、配置以及编程的相关信息，请参见系统文档。

关于C 系列模块的说明文档，请访问/info ，输入信息代码cseriesdoc 查询。

注本文档中的安全守则和产品规范仅适用于NI 9401。

系统中其它组件的安全评级和产品规范可能有所不同。

请参考系统中各个组件的说明文档，确定整个系统的安全评级和产品规范。

关于C 系列模块的说明文档，请访问/info ，输入信息代码cseriesdoc 查询。

安全守则请遵循NI 9401的使用说明。

高温表面该符号表明组件表面温度较高，触摸该组件可能导致受伤。

在可能发生爆炸的环境中安装NI 9401时，应遵守下列守则。

违反安全守则可能导致人员伤亡。

注意电源未断开或处于非安全环境时，请勿断开I/O 连线或连接器。

注意电源未断开或处于非安全环境时，请勿卸除模块。

注意替换组件可能影响模块在环境等级为Class I, Division 2时的适用性。

注意对于Zone 2环境中的应用，应将系统安装在防护等级不低于IP 54（IEC 60529和EN 60529）的外壳内。

注意对于Zone 2环境下的应用，连接信号必须在下列范围内：电容..............................................0.2 μF，最大值危险环境下的特殊要求（欧洲）该设备在DEMKO认证No. 03 ATEX 0324020X中的评定等级为EEx nC IIC T4。

电动机能效标准

电动机能效标准国外概况秦和上海电器科学研究所（集团）有限公司三相感应电动机能效限定值标准(MEPS)•10个国家和地区实施：美国、加拿大、墨西哥、巴西、哥斯特黎加、中国、中国台湾、澳大利亚、新西兰、以色列•4个国家准备实施：智利、泰国、越南、韩国2三相感应电动机效率等级标淮或协议•2个国家和地区实施：欧盟、马来西亚3美国电动机能效标准•EPACT标准（NEMA MG1(2006) 12-11）•NEMA Premium（NEMA MG1(2006) 12-12）•IEEE 841-200145EPACT 效率值与一般工业电动机效率平均值的比较24.316.732.124.117.727.222.831.422.432.815.424.6损耗下降值(%)87.2594.091.992.191.587.786.484.783.981.481.176.8一般工业电动机效率值(%)89.9595.094.594.093.092.489.589.587.587.584.082.5EPACT 效率(%)平均值200100755025107.55321功率(hp)6NEMA Premium 与EPACT 效率指标的比较18.824.016.423.321.414.721.021.016.016.015.617.1损耗下降值(%)89.9595.094.594.093.092.489.589.587.587.584.082.5EPACT（%）91.2796.295.495.494.593.691.791.789.589.586.585.5NEMAPremium （%）平均值200100755025107.55321功率（hp ）7美国电动机效率比较EFFICIENCY COMPARISON70.075.080.085.090.095.0100.037.5101520253040506075100125150200HP N OMI NA LVA LU ESU FRAMETYPICAL STD MOTORS T-FRAME1974 ORIGINAL EE(12-6B)1997 EPACT LEVEL (12-10)PREMIUM LEVEL (12-11)8NEMA Premium 50hz levels1.076.782.585.58483.81.579.184.086.585.585.22.080.884.086.585.586.23.081.487.589.588.587.45.083.387.589.588.589.17.585.589.591.790.289.910.085.789.591.79190.715.086.691.092.492.491.620.088.591.093.092.492.325.089.392.493.69392.730.089.692.493.693.69340.090.293.094.193.693.650.091.393.094.594.193.960.091.893.695.094.594.275.091.794.195.494.594.5100.092.394.595.49594.9125.092.294.595.49595.1150.093.095.095.895.495.3200.093.595.096.295.495.7ThreeStar IECTestMethodHorse Power Pre-EPAct EPAct92NEMA Premium 60 hz NEMA Premium 50 hz9Historic Efficiency Trend 2001-2006010203040506070200120022003200420052006YearsP e r c e n to fu n its NEMA PremiumEpact Other Market penetration after six years 10美国电动机效率下一步工作•在EPACT 中增加7个品种。

Pantum PT-B680系列条码打印机用户手册说明书

Pantum PT-B680 SeriesBarcode PrinterContentsAbout the Manual (1)Safety Information (2)Legal Information (5)Chapter 1 Product Description (6)1.1 Unpacking Checklist (6)1.2 Appearance and Components (7)1.3 Product dimensions (9)Chapter 2 Product specifications (10)Chapter 3 Installation and Use (12)3.1 Components installation (12)3.1.1 Installing the paper roll (12)3.1.2 Installing the ribbon (15)3.2 Power connection (18)3.3 Interface connection (19)3.4 Operating Interface Description (20)3.5 Basic functions (21)3.5.1 Power on/off (21)3.5.2 Print test (21)3.6 Paper Tear-off Direction (21)3.6.1 Paper Tear-off Direction (21)Chapter 4 Ports (22)4.1 USB (22)4.2 Serial port (22)4.3 Network port (23)Chapter 5 Printer Cleaning (24)5.1 Cleaning the printhead (24)5.2 Cleaning the sensor, rubber roller and paper path (24)Chapter 6 Driver Installation (25)6.1 Driver installation for Windows system (25)6.2 Driver installation for Linux system (28)6.3 Bartender registration guidelines (32)Appendix 1: Statement for Pollution Control of Electronic Information Products (36)About the ManualThe Manual contains basic information on product use, installation and other respects. The following provides more detailed information on various technical problems and areas.Safety InformationBefore using the printer, please read the following precautions carefully to avoid personal injury or equipment damage.1. Safety Warning Signs--------Warning: Must be observed to avoid personal injury or equipment damage.--------Note: Give important information and tips for operating the printer.2. Safety PrecautionsWarning:Failure to comply with following instructions can cause serious injury or death.1) Do not plug several products in one multi-outlet.• This can cause overheating and fire.• If the plug is wet or dirty, dry it or wipe it clean before use.• If the plug does not fit perfectly with the outlet, do not plug in.• Be sure to use only standardized multi-outlets.2) You must use only the supplied adapter.• It is dangerous to use other adapters.3) Do not pull the cable to unplug.• This can damage the cable, which is the origin of a fire or a breakdown of the printer.4) Do not plug in or unplug with your hands wet.• This can cause electric shock.5) Do not bend the cable forcibly or place it under heavy objects.• A damaged cable can cause a fire.Note:Failure to comply following instructions can cause slight wound or damage the appliance.1) If you observe a strange smoke, odor or noise from the printer, unplug it before taking followingmeasures.• Switch off the printer and unplug it.• After the disappearance of the smoke, call your dealer to repair it.2) Install the printer on a stable, flat surface.• If the printer falls, it can be broken and cause personal injury.3) Use only approved accessories and do not try to disassemble, repair or remodel it for yourself.• Call your dealer when you need these services.4) Do not let water or other foreign objects in the printer.• If this happened, switch off and unplug the printer before calling your dealer.5) Do not use the printer when it is out of order. This can cause a fire or electric shock.• Switch off and unplug the printer before calling your dealer.6) Other Precautions• Leave enough space around the printer for operation and maintenance.• Keep the printer away from water and direct sunlight, glare, and heat.• Do not use or store the printer in places with high temperatures, high humidity, and heavy pollution.• Avoid placing the printer where it is subject to vibration and shock.• Connect the printer's power adapter to an appropriate grounded outlet to avoid use the same outlet with large motors or other devices that can cause fluctuations in the supply voltage.• If you are not using the printer for a long time, disconnect the printer from the power source.• To ensure the print quality and the service life of the product, it is recommended to userecommended paper or paper of equivalent quality.• When connecting or disconnecting each interface, you must first turn off the power to avoiddamage to the printer control circuit;• Keep this manual properly for reference.3. Other PrecautionsAlthough we are very careful when preparing this manual, some errors or omissions are still inevitable. We are not responsible for any loss arising from the use of the information contained herein.We and our branches are not legally responsible to any users or third parties for product damage, failure or misuse caused by failure to comply with or ignorance of the information and instructions on operation and maintenance, and damages, losses, costs or expenses caused by unauthorized alteration, maintenance or modification of the product.We are not legally responsible for damages or problems caused by the use of counterfeit options, components or unauthorized products.Note: For constant improvement of the products, the specifications, accessories andprocedures described herein depend on the real products, and are subject to change without notice.4. WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment)This marking or its literature indicates that it should not be disposed of with other householdwastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or humanhealth from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastesand recycle it responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources.Household users should contact either the retailer where they purchased this product, ortheir local government office, for details of where and how they can return this item forenvironmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier and check theterms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with othercommercial wastes for disposal.Warning:This is Class A product which may cause radio interference in the living environment.In this case, users may be required to take practical measures against interference.Legal InformationThis symbol indicates that, at the end of your product’s life, it must not bediscarded as domestic waste. Instead, you should dispose of your usedequipment at a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electricaland electronic equipment. Ref: EU Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electricaland Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Please contact your distributor / supplierfor further information.European Community (EC) directives conformityThis product complies with the protection requirements of EC directives2014/35/EU and 2014/30/EU on the approximation and harmonization of thelaws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility andsafety of electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits.The manufacturer of this product is: Zhuhai Pantum Electronics Co.,Ltd.,No.3883, Zhuhai Avenue, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China 519060.A declaration of conformity to the requirements of the Directives is availableupon request from the Authorized Representative.This product satisfies the Class B limits of EN 55032 and safetyrequirements of EN62368.Chapter 1 Product Description1.1 Unpacking ChecklistNote:1) Open the printer package and keep the packing materials for future packing and shipping.2) If any items are damaged or missing, please contact the dealer who sells the product.Printer Installation CD InstructionsUSB cable Power cord Paper roll + Ribbon1.2Appearance and ComponentsNote: During use, keep your fingers as far away as possible from the paper cutter to avoid injuryto your hands. We are not responsible for any injuries caused by the paper cutter during use.1.3 Product dimensionsChapter 2 Product specifications Model PT-B680 SeriesPrintingPrint method Thermal direct/thermal transfer Resolution300dpi(11.8dots/mm) Maximum print speed203mm/s(Max) Maximum print width106.7mmLabel print length710mm(27.9")ConsumablesPaper typeContinuous Paper, Gap Paper, Folding Paper, Black MarkPaper, Perforated Paper, Wash Care LabelPaper winding form Printing surface outside roll Paper width(Label + liner)Maximum 120mm (4.72"), minimum 20mm (0.78")Maximum outerdiameter of built-in roll203mmPaper thickness(Label + liner)Maximum 0.254mm (10mil), minimum 0.06mm (2.36mil) Gap height:Minimum 2mmPaper roll core size25.4mm-38mmOuter diameter ofribbonMaximum 81.3mmRibbon length Maximum 450mRibbon core size1inch(25.4mm)Ribbon width Max.110mm, Min.30mmRibbon winding form Outside rollDetection Sensor Paper Out, Uncover, Overheated, Gap, Ribbon detectionSoftware Windows driverSupport WIN10 (32/64 bit), WIN8.1, Win8, WIN 7, WindowsServer 2016, WindowsServer2008 R2, Windows Server2012R2, VistaLinux driver Support Linux19.10, Linux18.04.5, Red Hat Linux, etc.Software communication interface 3 port (serial port + USB + network port)Human-computer interaction LED indicators: Power, running and warning indicator Key: Set, Back, Feed, Pause, Up and DownMemory DRAM:16M FLASH:8MPowerBuilt-inInput: AC200-240V 1.5A 50/60HzModel PT-B680 Series Programming language ZPL Printhead life 30kmEnvironmental parameters Working 5°C ~45°C，25%-85%RH Storage -10°C ~50°C，10%~90%RHPhysical parametersProduct dimensions425mm×255mm×265mm (L×W×H) Product weight9.65 KGPacking dimension525mm×365mm×375mm (L×W×H)Packing weight11.95 KGImageGRF, PNG format (other formats need to be converted to GRFformat)Supported barcode types 1DCode 11, Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF), Code 39, Code 49, Planet,EAN-8, UPC-E, Code 93, Code 128, EAN-13, Industrial 2 of 5,Standard 2 of 5, ANSI Codabar, LOGMARS, MSI, Plessey,UPC/EAN, UPC-A2D QR Code、PDF417、Micro PDF 417、Aztec、DATAMATRIXBuilt-in fonts Downloadable alternative vector fonts Chinese character coding GB-18030, UTF-8Accessories Instructions, USB cable, power cord, CD (driver, user manual, labeling software), test ribbon, test label paperCertification CE、RoHSChapter 3Installation and Use3.1 Components installation3.1.1Installing the paper roll1.Fix the paper loading block horizontally, move it to the extreme extent and wrench it flat.2.Install the paper roll on its mounting shaft, hold the loading block upright and adjust it to the proper position so that it touches the edge of the paper roll lightly.3. Push the printhead cover hook in the direction of the arrow as shown in the figure to open the printhead.4.Pass the front end of the paper through the flexible paper guiding channel and extend the paperthrough the gap black-mark sensor toward the printhead exit to the first sheet sensor. (Refer to the “Paper Installation Path” as illustrated below)5.Adjust the paper clamping block to fit the paper width. To adjust the gap black-mark sensor, make surethat the paper gap (or black mark) passes through the triangular position of this sensor.6.Press both ends of the printhead as shown, close the printhead and make sure that the cover hooksnaps into the groove for a fully closed state and that the paper extends to the first sheet sensor.3.1.2Installing the ribbon1.Lift the right cover of the printer and install the ribbon and the empty paper roll on the ribbon supply spindle and the ribbon recovery spindle respectively.2.Push the printhead cover hook in the direction of the arrow as shown in the figure to open the ribbon holder.forward and out. (Refer to the “Ribbon Installation Path” as illustrated below).4. Attach the front end of the ribbon to the empty paper roll on a flat and wrinkle-free basis.5. Roll the ribbon recovery spindle 3~5 times by hand to make the ribbon completely smooth and tight.hook snaps into the groove for a fully closed state.3.2 Power connection1. Make sure that the power switch is off (O).2. Connect the power cord to the printer.3. Connect the other end of the power cord to a nearby outlet.Note:• Use the original power adapter provided by the Company to avoid danger and damage to the product.• If you do not use the printer for a long period, disconnect the power cord. • Power off or data cable disconnected during printing:When all the information is transmitted to the printer, it will not continue printing or reprint the information if disrupted and reconnected; when part of information is transmitted to the printer, it will reprint the information if disrupted and reconnected.Power cordOFFON3.3 Interface connectionConnect the interface cable as shown in the figure below. The printer supports the following communication interface standards:--USB B-Type cable1) Turn off the printer (O).2) Plug the communication cable to be used into the corresponding communication connection plug.--Plug the USB B-Type cable into the USB port.3.4Operating Interface Description◼Power onWhen the printer is powered off, turn on the power switch on the back of the printer, and then the printer turns on and the indicator lights.◼Power offWhen the printer is powered on, turn off the power switch on the back of the printer, and both printer and indicator turns off.◼Feed1. If you press the Feed key, the printer feeds the paper to the specified paper-out position accordingto the learned paper type. When you use the label paper, pressing the Feed key once will deliver a full sheet of label.2. When the printer is performing a print task, press the Feed key to pause its current task; at thismoment, the indicator flashes blue; then press the key again to cause the printer to perform the incomplete task.◼Restore Factory DefaultsIn the power-on state, click the SET key to enter the main menu, click the Down key to select the fourth option, click the SET key again to enter the printer page, click the Down key to select the ninth Restore Defaults option, continue to click the SET key to enter the Restore Defaults option, then click the Up key to select State 1 SET, and finally click the SET key to save for factory defaults.◼Indicator Status DescriptionIndicator Status Indication statusPower OFF Printer is powered off ON Printer is powered onRunningON Printer is in the ready state FlashingPauseDownloading data to the printerWarningOFF Printer is in the ready stateON “Printhead is open” Flashing “Label Out”, “Paper Jam”, “Ribbon Out”3.5Basic functions3.5.1Power on/offTurn on the power switch to the I state. Turn off the power switch to the O state.OFF ON3.5.2Print testWhen the printer is initially installed or there is any problem with the printer, self-test procedure can be executed to confirm the following status, firmware version, printer parameter setting, print quality, external settings and other related setting information. If it is found after the self-test that there is no problem with the printer, please check other devices or software. This function runs independently from other devices or software.◼Print Self-test PageIn the power-on state, click the SET key to enter the main menu, click the Down key to select the third configuration information option, click the SET key again to enter the configuration information page, click the Down key to select the second option Print Self-Test Page, continue to click the SET key to print the self-test page.3.6Paper Tear-off Direction3.6.1Paper Tear-off DirectionWhen the printer finishes printing, the paper will be torn off from top to bottom.Chapter 4Ports4.1 USBPin No.Signal name1 VBUS2 D-3 D+4 GND 4.2Serial portPin No.Signal name1 -2 TXD3 RXD4 -5 GND6 DTR7 -8 RTS9 -4.3Network portPin No.Signal name1 TX+2 TX-3 RX+4 -5 -6 RX-7 -8 -Chapter 5Printer CleaningDust, foreign objects, viscous material, or other contaminants stuck in the printhead or printer may reduce print quality. Please clean the dirty printhead as follows:Note:1) Be sure to turn off the printer before cleaning.2) When printing, the printhead will become very hot. Therefore, if you want to clean theprinthead, please turn off the printer and wait 2~3 minutes before you start cleaning.3) When cleaning the printhead, be careful not to touch its heating part to avoid damage to theprinthead due to static electricity.4) Be careful not to scratch or damage the printhead.5.1Cleaning the printhead1) Please open the top cover of the printer, and clean the printhead with a cleaning pen or a cottonswab dipped in diluted alcohol (alcohol or isopropyl alcohol)) from its center to both sides.2) After cleaning the printhead, do not use the printer immediately. Only use the printer until thecleaning alcohol evaporates completely (1~2 minutes) and the printhead is completely dry. 5.2Cleaning the sensor, rubber roller and paper path1) Please open the top cover of the printer and remove the paper roll.2) Wipe off dust or foreign objects with dry cotton cloth or cotton swab.3) Soak the cotton cloth or cotton swab in medical alcohol and use it to wipe off sticky foreign objectsor other contaminants.4) After cleaning the parts, do not use the printer immediately. Only use the printer until the alcoholevaporates completely (1~2 minutes) and the printer is completely dry.Note:Clean the parts when the print quality or paper checking performance degrades.Chapter 6Driver Installation6.1Driver installation for Windows system1) Run the Pantum_2021.2_M-0 (subject to change with version updates) file2) Accept the terms and conditions and select Next3) Select the installation directory and click Next, or you can default the directory and go directly to the next step4) Complete the installation=============================================================================The following is an example of installing the printer driver USBPreparations for installation1. Connect the printer to the computer using the USB cable2. Power on the printer3. Select Install Driver and click Next1) The model number is automatically recognized2) Follow the instructions and click Next to complete the installationNote: If you use other ports, please select OtherPT-B680 Series User Manual 6.2Driver installation for Linux system1) Open the driver package folder, open the terminal, type sudo dpkg -i and drag in the driver package, click “Enter”.2) Enter your computer password and click “Enter”.3) After installing the driver, close the terminal.4) Open the computer settings, then open Devices, select Printers, and click Add Printer.5) Click Add in the upper left corner.6) Select the printer you want to add and click Forward.7) Click Apply.8) Select Print Test Page. If the test page prints out normally, the printer has been successfully installed.6.3Bartender registration guidelines1) Access the software installation and activation guidelines;============================================================================================================2) Enter the product key code; Z2WV-893L-B2SJ-5SDW3) Select the server;4) Complete the Bartender software activation.Appendix 1: Statement for Pollution Control of Electronic Information Products1. The name and content of hazardous substances in the product:ComponentToxic and hazardous substances or elementsLead(Pb)Mercury(Hg)Cadmium(Cd)ChromiumVI(Cr6+)Polybrominatedbiphenyls(PBB)Polybrominateddiphenyl ether(PBDE) Powersupply/electricalcomponentsX O O O O O Printhead X O O O O OMetal parts X O O O O OMain board X O O O O OWire X O O O O O Packing materialsand accessoriesO O O O O OThis table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T11364.O: indicates that the content of the toxic and hazardous substance in all homogeneous materials of the component is below the limit requirement specified in GB/T26572-2011.X: indicates that the content of the toxic and hazardous substance in at least one of the homogeneous materials of the component exceeds the limit requirement specified in GB/T26572-2011.2. Symbols for restricted use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products:All electrical and electronic products sold in the People’s Republic of China must bear thissymbol, and the number in the symbol represents the environment-friendly use period(EPUP) of electrical and electronic products in the normal service condition.All electrical and electronic products sold in the People’s Republic of China must bear thissymbol, which indicates that this product can only be used safely in non-tropical climateconditions.Pantum International LimitedManufacturer: Zhuhai Pantum Electronics Co., Ltd.Website: Address/Adresse: Building02,06 and 08, No.888 Shengping Avenue, Pingsha Town,Zhuhai City,。

有害物质国际法规介绍

绝对品质不是选择,而是生存的必要条件
SESC QRE
法律/法规清单
区分
有害/化学物质管理现状
日本
- Japan J-MOSS - Japan Law Concerning Prevention from Radiation Hazards - Japan Law concerning the evaluation of chemical substances - Japan Law for the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material,Nuclear Fuel Material, and
。。。。。。
绝对品质不是RE
RoHS
名称：《电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》简写“RoHS指令” The Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment
绝对品质不是选择,而是生存的必要条件
SESC QRE
RoHS
RoHS 1.0
RoHS 2.0
元素符号
Pb
Cd
Hg Cr(VI) PBBs PBDEs DIBP DEHP
DBP BBP
中文名称
限值要求
高风险材质
检测仪器
铅及其化合物
镉及其化合物汞及其化合物
六价铬多溴联苯多溴二苯醚邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯
SESC QRE
蒙特利尔议定书-关于消耗臭氧层物质
名称：蒙特利尔破坏臭氧层物质管制议定书
（Montreal Protocol on Substances that Depletethe Ozone Layer）

NI 9474 数字输出模块用户手册说明书

数据表NI 94748 DO, 5 V～30 V，源极，1 μs•螺栓端子或弹簧端子连接•CompactDAQ计数器兼容性•250 Vrms, CAT II，通道对地隔离NI 9474是一款数字输出模块，用于CompactDAQ和CompactRIO系统。

每个通道都可接受5 V ～ 30 V的信号，并具有通道对背板的2,300 Vrms瞬间过压保护。

每个通道都有表示通道状态的LED指示灯。

通过NI 9474，可直接连接至多种工作设备。

例如，发动机、激励器、继电器，等等。

NI 9474具有两种连接方案：10针螺栓端子连接器或10针弹簧端子连接器。

套件内容所需附件•• NI 9474NI 9474入门指南• NI 9927后壳套件（螺栓端子）• NI 9981后壳套件（弹簧端子）NI C 系列概述NI 提供超过100种C 系列模块，用于测量、控制以及通信应用程序。

C 系列模块可连接任意传感器或总线，并允许进行高精度测量，以满足高级数据采集及控制应用程序的需求。

•与测量相关的信号调理，可连接一组传感器和信号•隔离选项包括组间、通道间以及通道对地•温度范围为-40 °C ～70 °C ，满足各种应用程序和环境需要•热插拔CompactRIO 和CompactDAQ 平台同时支持大部分C 系列模块，用户无需修改就可将模块在两个平台间转换。

2 | | NI 9474数据表CompactRIOCompactRIO将开放嵌入式架构与小巧、坚固以及C系列模块进行了完美融合，是一种由NI LabVIEW驱动的可重配置I/O (RIO)架构。

每个系统包含一个FPGA，用于自定义定时、触发以及处理一系列可用的模块化I/O，可满足任何嵌入式应用程序的需求。

CompactDAQCompactDAQ是一种便携、耐用的数据采集平台，其模块化I/O集成了连接、数据采集以及信号调理功能，可直接接入任意传感器或信号。

WEEE case

WEEE称重方法

iPhone手机背后面的那些标志都代表什么

六价铬在 ELV, RoHS 及 WEEE指令

UKCA,CE,WEEE等EU法规标签大全

TP-Link Archer C20 AC750 无线双频路由器 安装指南说明书

欧洲WEEE电子废弃指令

欧盟绿色贸易壁垒对我国家电产品出口影响分析以海尔电器为例

SPECTCT骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的应用价值

FAQ_WEEE_ROHS-chinese&english

验厂英语

WEEE Directive

WEEE Directive

欧盟（EU）双环保指令RoHSWEEE介绍

两种方式治疗胫骨中下段骨折的疗效比较

无铅焊接与覆铜板选择

NI 9401 说明书 使用手册

电动机能效标准

Pantum PT-B680系列条码打印机用户手册说明书

有害物质国际法规介绍

NI 9474 数字输出模块用户手册说明书

TP-Link Archer C20 AC750 无线双频路由器安装指南说明书

NI 9401 说明书使用手册