20世纪美国文学史 2

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美国文学史作家作品一览表2

美国文学

Part 1. Colonial America

1、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809

The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利；Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代

2、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832

The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地

3、Jonathan Edwards乔纳森爱德华

The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue

4、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790

A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传

美国文学史及作品选读习题集（2）

2 The Literature of Colonial America

Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks

1. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was ________, an English soldier of fortune, whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinct American literature written in English.

2. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.

3. _______College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in 1639.

4. The first permanent English settlement in North American was established at _____, Virginia.

5. ______ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown.

AmericanPuritanism美国文学史

第一篇：American Puritanism 美国文学史

American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them.They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature.6.American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end.The Age of Realism came into existence.It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism.Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived.It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.8American Transcendentalism: Transcendentalists terroras from the romantic literature of Europe.They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of Americagogopirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe.They stressed the importance of the individual.To them, the individual was the most important element of society.They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of

美国文学2

Washington Irving

《柑掌录》（即《见闻札记》[The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent.1819-1820]）其中收录奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。其中的散文《威斯敏斯特教堂》、短篇小说《瑞普·凡·温克尔》和《睡谷的传说》等，都是脍炙人口至今不衰之作。

《睡谷的传说》（The legend of the Sleepy Hollow）Ichabod Crane 和Katrina V an Tassel

《瑞普．凡．温克尔》（Rip V an Winkle）等32篇

《纽约外史》(A History of New Y ork,1809)第一部重要作品美国第一部诙谐文学杰作

《布雷斯布里奇田庄》（Brace bridge Hall,1822）

《旅人述异》（即《旅客谈》[Tales of a Traveller,1824]）

《哥伦布的生平和航行》即《哥伦布传》[The Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus,1828] 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》（V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus,1831）《攻克格拉纳达》（The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829）

《大食故宫余载》（即《阿尔罕伯拉》[Tales of the Alhambra,1832]）

《阿斯托里亚》（Astoria,1836）

美国文学史2

American Realism: A Webliography and

E-Anthology

(1865-1900)

Description:

Like all the terms relating to literary movements, the term is loose and somewhat equivocal. American Realism began as a reaction to and a rejection of Romanticism, with its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the individual. The movement began as early as the 1830's but reached prominence and held sway from the end of the Civil War to around the end of the nineteenth century. The movement was centered in fiction, particularly the novel. It attempted fidelity to real life, or "actuality," in its representation. The realist concerns himself with the here and now, centering his work in his own time, dealing with common-place everyday events and people, and with the socio-political climate of his day .

美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记2

History And Anthology of American Literature

（2）

Part ⅡThe Literature of Reason And Revolution理性和革命时期文学

1．托马斯·佩因《常识》Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”;

托马斯·杰弗逊《独立宣言》Thomas Jefferson “Declaration of Independence”

2．在经济方面，英国要求美出口原材料，后从英国购回高成本的机器they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country.

3．在政治方面，要求他们归英国政府统一管理，交各种税收但在议会中却没有代表by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament.

4．美独立战争持续了八年（1776-1783）The War for Independence.

诺亚·韦伯斯特（Noah Webster）说：文化上的独立，艺术上的著名。

5．文学上独立的代表作：

外研社美国文学史及选读(第三版)(第二册)教学课件0 Part V-Introduction

ICnhatprtoerd3uction
American society. Early in the century Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot published works that would change the nature of American poetry, but their impact (and that of other modernist writers) on the general reading public was slight. The genteel tradition and popular romanticism still dominated the nation’s literary tastes.
Introduction
ICnhatprtoerd3uction
The United States began the 20th century with a population of about 76,000,000, almost two thirds of it rural. The expansion of the railroads after the Civil War had reduced the provincial isolation of the nation—by 1900 the United States had nearly 200,000 miles of railroad tracks—yet the dominant symbol of mobility and industrialism that was to transform America had only begun to appear: in all the land there were only 8,000 horseless carriages and a mere 150 miles of paved country roads.

美国文学史及选读

History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ)

美国文学史及选读1

PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学

1.17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and

other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。

2.17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史

3.美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,Freunch ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portugueses

(荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。

4.美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，

他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.

5.第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at

美国文学史chaptertwo(sectionI)

• Romantic Techniques
• 1. Remoteness of settings in time and space.
• 2. Improbable plots.
• 3. Inadequate or unlikely characterization.
• 4. Gothicism ---sense of terror, fear; use of the odd and queer.
• Characteristics of Romanticism • 1. subjectivity • (1) feeling and emotions, finding truth • (2) emphasis on imagination • (3) emphasis on individualism –
Major Writers and Literary Works
--- several names attached to Irving (1) the first American writer who gained international fame (2) started short story as a literary genre (3) father of American literature
Review of the previous lecture

TEM8美国文学串讲及试卷评析(下)

代表作品：诗歌The Raven (1845)；Annabel Lee (1849) 短篇小说集Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840)
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) 沃尔特•惠特曼
代表作品：Leaves of Grass (1855) — over 400 poems all written in the form of free verse (自由体诗）无固定格律和押韵
TEM8美国文学串讲及试卷评析
上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院程雪芳
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
主讲人程雪芳介绍上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院讲师参与历年专业英语四、八级辅导教授美国文学史等专业课程，教学经验丰富上海外国语大学博士研究生。研究方向：英美文学
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) 埃米莉•迪金森
代表作品：Poems by Emily Dickinson (1890) — collection This is My Letter to the World I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
四、Literature of Realism 美国现实主义文学（十九世纪中期—二十世纪初）

20世纪美国文学史

from serious problem20世s纪美.国文学史
3
Lost Generation
refers to those writers who were devoid of faith, values and ideas and who were alienated from the civilization the capitalist society advocated. It includes the writers such as (Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, and Louis Bromfield) and poets (like Malcolm Cowley, E. E. Cummings, Archibald Macleish, and Ezra Pound), who rebelled against former values and ideas, but replaced them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. They were totally frustrated by the WWI and returned from that “Great War” to their own country only to find the grim reality that the social values and civilization were hollow and affected if compared to the cruel realities of the battleground. They felt alienated from American civilization, w20h世纪ic美h国文w学史as conveyed in their 4

美国文学史及选读2复习笔记

History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅡ)

美国文学史及选读2

PartⅣ The Literature Of Realism现实主义文学

1.美国国内战争Civil War 1861-1865.美国现实主义文学：他们寻找描写美国人真实生活的方法，他们声称平凡的、就近的事件同重大的、遥运的事件一

样都是艺术创作的源泉they sought to portray American life as it really was,, insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote.

2.现实主义一词来源于法语realism, 她是一种文学原则，她强调描写平凡的生活，强调其“真实性和现实性”。Realism had originated in France as

realism, a literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. “现实主义要求创作素材绝对真实，即不能夸张，也不能缩小”,William Dean Howells(豪厄斯) defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”.他反对那些表现失意和绝望类苍白无力的小说，他强调现实主义作品要发掘出生活中微笑的一方面，因为美国人都坚信自己的国家是一个充满希望，什么奇迹都有可能发生的一个国家，作为文学也应该把这些特征表现出来he spoke out against the writing of a bleak fiction of failure and despair. He called for the treatment of the “Smiling aspects of life” as being the more “American”, insisting that Americ an was truly a land of hope and of possibility that should be reflected in its literature.

美国文学史

《美国文学史》复习指南

时间：2010年12月

使用教材：《美国文学史》（第二版）常耀信著

Chapter 1 Colonial America

★1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America

★1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America

★Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English

★Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman poet

Major work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)

Contemplations (9) on P. 17 （熟悉这首诗歌）

To My Dear and Loving Husband《致我亲爱的丈夫》

★Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature

★Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial period

Huswifery on P. 19 （熟悉这首诗歌）

★Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644)

美国文学二

II. Literature of the Eighteenth Century
1.
Background: 1).The age of reason and revolution 2). Great Awakening in 1730s and 1740s 3). Deism: a compromise between Science and Religion
Leabharlann Baidu
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
——top propagandist of the American Revolution
1)Life Thomas Paine was the author of two of the most popular books in eighteenth century America and the most persuasive rhetorician (雄辩家) of the cause of independence. Paine was born in England and moved to America at the age of thirty-seven. Arriving at Philadelphia in 1774, Paine contributed extensively to the Pennsylvania Magazine and achieved wide fame with the publication of Common Sense, the first Pamphlet published in this country to urge immediate Independence from Britain. From 1787 to 1802 he was in England and France where he wrote The

美国文学史2. Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790), American printer, author, diplomat,
philosopher, and scientist Benjamin Franklin was a statesman and diplomat for the newly formed United States, as well as a prolific author and inventor.
As a civic leader, he initiated a number of new
programs in Philadelphia, including a fire company, fire insurance, a library, and a university.
Works: Poor Richard’s Almanack,
Franklin helped draft, and then signed, the
Declaration of Independence in 1776, and he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. As a civic leader, he initiated a number of new programs in Philadelphia, including a fire company, fire insurance, a library, and a university.

美国20世纪文学的历史特点与流派分析

20世纪，是美国文学史上最为繁荣、多元化的时期。多种不同的文学流派在此时兴起并受到广泛关注，这些流派代表了不同的文化、社会与政治观点，而本文的目的就是对这些文学流派进行探讨和分析。

一、自然主义文学

自然主义文学是美国20世纪早期的一种文学流派。它强调人类受环境和遗传因素的影响，认为人类无法逃脱自身的本性。该流派的作品常常描述人类在恶劣环境中的境遇，表现出生活在城市贫民窟和工厂中的人们的苦难和生存状态。

美国作家菲利普·韦斯特在《三毛猫》中通过对小人物命运的描写，展示了自然主义文学的主要特色：人物命运悲惨、常常受到外界环境和遗传因素的限制，他们往往面临着无法逃脱的命运的困境。

二、现代主义文学

20世纪中期，出现了现代主义文学这一全新的文学流派。现代主义文学强调形式的创新、将文学视为一种艺术表现形式。作家们通常采用象征主义等手法，通过扭曲的形式、不连续的叙述和旁白等技巧，表现一种缺失感和审美主义。

例如，欧内斯特·海明威在《老人与海》（The Old Man and the Sea）中描述的老渔夫就成为了现代主义文学中的代表人物。小说描绘了老渔夫独自乘船出海，最终捕到了一条巨大的鱼的故事。这一作品以其深刻的人物心理描写、含蓄的艺术形式和复杂的象征主义内涵，使其成为了现代主义文学的代表作品。

三、后现代主义文学

在20世纪70年代后期，后现代主义文学开始成为主流文学流派之一。后现代主义文学通常不注重故事线的逻辑、情节的连贯性和传统的文学习惯。作者会采取

多种文学形式，例如碎片化的文字、错位的时间和空间、多方面的叙述等等，让读者在众多形式中自行建立连续的故事线。