Lesson 6 The Steering System

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专业英语全文翻译unit1-unit6

Unit 1 Automotive BasicsAutomobiles, trucks, and buses are essential forms of transportation. They are complex machines made up of many parts. These parts can be grouped into a number of systems. An understanding of how the system work will help you understand how the automobile works.轿车、卡车和客车是交通运输的重要组成部分。

它们都是由许多部件组成的复杂机器。

这些部件可以归类为汽车的几个组成系统。

了解这些各个小系统是如何工作的将有助于我们理解整个汽车系统是如何工作。

An automobile can be divided into two basic parts: a body and a chassis. The body is the enclosure that houses the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is the part of the automobile that you see. The chassis is that part of the automobile beneath the body.汽车可以分为两个基本部分：车身和底盘。

车身包围发动机、乘客和行李，它是汽车你所看到的部分。

而车身以下的部分就是底盘。

An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. For example, insulation in the body reduces noise and protects against heat and cold. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at driving speeds.轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发送机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动机、乘客和行李提供防护。

汽车专业英语教案Unit 6Ignition System and Starting System

11.If you do experiences this type of condition, try moving the steering wheel to remove the pressure as you turn the key.
翻译：如果你真的经历这种类型的状况,尽可能转动方向盘来减轻你转动钥匙的压力。
日期：年月日
汽车英语教案
课题： Unit 6: Ignition System and Starting System
目的要求：1．能认识发动机点火系统； 2．能认识发动机起动系统。
重点：发动机点火系统结构难点：发动机起动系统的特点
复习提问要点： 1、词汇 2、翻译句子
教具：教材、教案、备课笔记、PPT 投影。教学手段：讲解为主，提问为辅。
翻译：在某些情况下,一个现代分电器会跟老式的发动机相匹配,而不需要其他的变动, 正如通用汽车公司所生产的 HEI 分电器，强火花电子点火转换工具包,以及克莱斯勒的无触点电子系统。
9.Digital electronic ignition modules can be designed as either capacitor discharge ignition(CDI) or inductive discharge ignition(IDI) systems.
翻译：数字式电子点火模块可以设计为电容放电式点火(CDI)和电感放电式点火(IDI)系统二者之一。
10.A small amount of current then passes through the neutral safety switch to a starter relay or starter solenoid which allows a high current to flow through the battery cables to the starter motor. 翻译：接着小部分电流穿过中性安全开关，到达起动继电器或者起动器电磁线圈，它们允许大电流流过电池电缆到达起动电机。

汽车转向系统专业英语培训

Steering systemThe purpose of the steering system is guiding the car where the driver wants it to go. It consists of steering wheel, steering shaft, worm, sector gear, pitman arm, drag rod, steering knuckle, king pin, tie rod, front axle and steering knuckle. They enable the car to change the direction by means of turning and moving forth and back.purpose 目的，用途，作用steering system 转向系统Guide 指导，引导consist of 包括，包含steering wheel 方向盘steering shaft 转向轴Worm 蜗杆sector gear 齿扇pitman arm 转向摇臂Drag rod 直拉杆Steering knuckle 转向节King pin 主销Tie rod 转向横拉杆Front axle: 前桥By means of: 凭借，借助Back and forth:来回Turning 转动Moving 运动enable 使能够The basic steering system in most cars is the same. The steering gear is the heart of the steering system. This usually is next to the engine. A shaft extends from the back of the steering gear. This shaft is connected to the steering column or steering shaft. It goes through the firewall and into the passenger compartment.go through 穿过next to 仅次于extend 延伸firewall 驾驶室隔板passenger compartment 驾驶室The steering wheel is at the top of the steering column. Another shaft comes from the bottom of the steering gear. This shaft connects to the arms, rods, and links. This parts assembly, called the steering linkage, connects the steering gear to the parts at the wheel. The wheel and tires mount to the steering knuckles. The knuckles are pivoted at the top and bottom. Thus, the wheel and tires can turn from side to side.Steering linkage---转向传动Steering knuckle---转向节Pivot---以….为核心转动While the steering system may look complicated, it works quite simply, When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. The gear holds the linkage centered so that the wheels and tires point straight ahead. When the driver turns the steering wheel, the steering shaft rotates and the steering gear moves toward that side.Complicated: 复杂的Straight: 直的Centered: 位于中间的Tire: 轮胎Wheel:车轮The shaft coming out the bottom of the steering gear turns, as well, when the shaft turns, it pulls the linkage to one side and makes the steering knuckles turn slightly about their pivot point. Thus, the steering knuckle, kingpin, wheels, and tires turn to one side, causing the car to turn. The line, or axis, about which the steering knuckles rotate Is called the steering axis. When a car has completed the turn,The steering wheel returns to the center position. As a result,The steering gear pulls the linkage, wheels, and tires back to the center. The car now resumes its straight-ahead travel.Steering axis 主销Linkage 连杆装置As a result 结果Resume 重新开始There are several different types of steering gears. There are,However, only two types of steering systems: manual steering systems and power steering systems.Manual steering system: 机械转向系统Power steering system: 动力转向系统In the manual type, the driver does all the work of turning the steering Wheel, steering gear, wheels, tires. In the power type, hydraulic fluid Assists the operation so that driver effort is reduced. Power steering Systems were introduced in the early 1950s. Most new cars have power Steering.Hydraulic fluid 液压油Effort 手力Two types of steering gears are used, the recirculating ball and rack Pinion. Most large cars use the recirculating ball type of steering gear. This Steering gear is durable, with good steering response and good road Feel for the driver. The gear has a grooved shaft called the worm shaft.A large block, called the ball nut or worm nut, has teeth on one side and fits over the worm shaft.recirculating ball 循环球式rack and pinion 齿轮齿条式durable 耐用的steering response 转向响应Road feel 路感grooved shaft 刻了沟槽的轴worm shaft 螺杆Block 挡块ball nut 球状螺母A number of small steel balls fit between the worm shaft and The ball nut. Small tubes on the ball nut serve as ball guides.These ball rides in the grooves on the worm shaft. Bearings andSeals fit on each end of the worm shaft. An adjusting plug at One end allows a mechanic to adjust the worm shaft. A steering gear housing covers the partsSteel ball 钢球Fit 配合Serve as 充当Ball guide 导管Mechanic 机械师Gear housing 转向壳体In the steering gear, the output shaft makes less revolution than the Input shaft. In the recirculating ball steering gear, the worm shaft is the input shaft. The worm shaft connects to the steering column. The Pitman shaft is like the output shaft of the steering gear, which connectsTo the pitman arm on the steering linkage.output shaft 输出轴revolution 转动Input shaft. 输入轴recirculating ball steering gear 循环球转向器worm shaft 螺杆connects 连接steering column 管柱Pitman shaft 臂轴pitman arm 垂臂steering linkage 转向直拉杆The recirculating ball system is the mechanical part of this steering gear.A number of steel balls fit into grooves on the worm shaft and into similar Grooves inside the ball nut. Therefore, the ball nut does not actually ride On the worm shaft. Rather, it rides on the steel balls between the two partsBall nut:转向螺母。

汽车维修英语第三版Lesson6The Lubricating and cooling system

Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More Words and Phrases
Unit 23
Lesson 64
A. Look at the pictures and match the technical terms.
2. Water Pump
a. thermostat 节温器
Unit 2 The Engine
Lesson 4 The Main Parts of an Engine Lesson 5 The Electronic Fuel Injection System Lesson 6 The Lubricating and Cooling System Lesson 7 The Ignition System
chemical deposits, dust and dirt to protect them from corrosion.
To keep your car in good running condition, you must change the
lubricating oil every 5, 000 km.
(2) Lubricate moving parts to minimize power loss from friction.
(3) Remove heat from engine parts by acting as a cooling agent.
(4) Absorb shocks between bearings and other engine parts, thus
radiator 散热器 oil pump机油泵 oil filter spanner机油滤清器

最终版(高级)值班机工英语问答部分(1-13课全)

你的婚姻状况是什么？已婚/单身。
你家里有几口人？三个人
你在船上工作多久了？ 2个年。
你曾经去过几个国家？ 2个国家
你喜欢你的工作吗？是的，我很喜欢我的工作。
你最喜欢的颜色是？蓝色。
你最喜欢哪个季节？夏天
你喜欢什么类型的音乐？蓝调
Lesson 2 Common terms on board (5题)
To separate/remove impurities and some water from oil. 吐赛普瑞特/锐目因普瑞推斯安得萨姆沃特儿夫绕目奥由
7. What is the function of pump? 沃特 A子的方克申奥夫怕木破 To transfer the liquid. 吐串斯佛的累亏的
8. The gear pump is belongs to the positive displacement pump. True or false?
的给儿怕木破 A子比浪子吐的炮C腿五 dei斯坡累斯门特怕木破.促奥 fao斯
True. 促
9. What kind of liquid is the gear pump suitable for? 沃特卡因的奥夫累亏的 A子的给儿怕木破秀尔特包 fao
泵油。
D型锅炉属于哪种锅炉，水管锅炉还是火管（烟管）锅炉？
水管锅炉。
Lesson 5 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(Ⅱ) (10题)
1. Who is in charge of the anti-pollution equipment on board? 户 A子因叉子奥夫的安腿-破鲁森 A亏破门特昂爆的 The 4thengineer. （fourth [fɔ:θ]）佛是安真呢儿 2. What anti-pollution equipment do you know? 沃特安腿-破鲁森 A亏破门特都由 NO

5 The steering system

A. 转向杆系 B. 转向轴 C.转向器 D. 转向臂 E. 转向横拉杆
Translation:
2. Two basic tests are often carried out: a visual check and a road test.
通常进行两项基本测试：目视检查和道路测试。
visual [ˈvɪʒuəl]
adj. 视力的;视觉的
Translation:
3. Any damaged dust boots or rubber bellows should be replaced.
齿轮齿条转向器包含齿轮齿条。
rack: a long bar with teeth on it (带齿长杆) pinion: in mesh with the rack (与齿轮啮合)
齿轮齿条式 1 转向杆系
The steering linkage contains tie rods and steering arm.
一种是齿轮齿条式转向系统，另一种是循环球式转向系统。
rack [ræk] n. 齿条 pinion [ˈpɪnjən] n. 齿轮 recirculate n. 循环
1
齿轮齿条式转向器
The rack and pinion steering gear contains rack and pinion.
UNIT 5 Steering System 转向系统
After learning this unit, you will be able to:
know different parts of the steering system; talk about the functions of different parts of the steering system.

汽车转向系统英语词汇

转向系统（system）英语词汇蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steeri ng gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear 循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever and peg steering gear循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear压缩弹簧compression spring摇臂轴pitman arm shaft液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flow type power steerin g液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulator power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column整体式动力转向机构integral type power steering整体式动力转向器integral power steering gear整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steering linkdage直列式转向器in-line steering gear指销stud中间转向杆intermediate steering rod中间转向联杆center steering linkdage转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type转向不足understeering转向操纵机构steering control mechanism转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack转向传动杆系steering linkage转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft转向动力缸power cylinder转向管柱steering column转向横拉杆steering tie rod转向横轴cross shaft转向控制阀steering control valve转向力矩steering mometn转向螺杆steering screw转向螺母steering nut转向盘steering wheel转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器盖cover of steering gear转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steering gear 转向万向节steering universal joint转向蜗杆steering worm转向系steering system转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向摇臂pitman arm转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向直拉杆steering drag link转向轴steering shaft转向阻力矩steering resisting torque总成和部件assemblies and parts摆臂swing arm变传动比转向器steering gear with variable ratio侧盖side cover常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulic power steering g ear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressure hydraulic power steeri ng gear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear动力转向power steering动力转向器power steering stgear动力转向系power steering system动力转向系布置power steering system layout端部螺塞end plug阀体valve housing反作用阀reactive valve分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rod linkage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steering linkage 钢球ball滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft过度转向oversteering横拉杆端接头tie rod end滑阀valve spool滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type机构转向器manual steering gear机械转向系manual steering system接头socket壳体housing可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column快速转向fast steering (quick steering)类型type螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steering gear慢速转向slow steeirng扭杆torsion bar气压式动力转向air-power steering倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column 倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel球头销ball stud球头座ball cup球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steering column 四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkage steering梯形臂tie rod arm梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形转向机构ackerman steering网络状转向柱管net type steering column蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear。

《轮机英语听力与会话(轮机长)》课程标准

《轮机英语听力与会话（轮机长）》课程标准【课程名称】轮机英语听力与会话【英文名称】Marine Engineering English Listening and Speaking【课程类型】必修课、职业能力素质课【适用专业】轮机工程技术【总学时】70 学时（理论学时：66 机动学时：4）【前导课程】《大学英语阅读》、《大学英语听力》、《大学英语口语》1．课程性质轮机英语听力与会话是轮机工程技术专业学生的重要专业课之一。

学生在经过基础英语阶段的学习以后，通过本课程的学习，能够听懂并理解轮机工程专业所涉及的英文内容，掌握中心大意，理解其中重要关键信息；并且能够进行有效的面对面的口语沟通和交流。

发音基本准确，语言基本流畅，表意基本完整。

使学生达到教学计划中本课程所涉及的知识、能力与素质要求，基本掌握能够履行船舶轮机长职责足够的专业英语知识，满足《1978年海员培训，发证和值班标准国际公约》和95年修正案（简称STCW78/95公约）要求。

2．设计思路1）以职业能力培养为导向，开展练中学、练中教，教、学、练结合，理论讲授与语言应用练习交替互动的教学模式。

2）以课程目标和船舶轮机长岗位的真实工作任务作为选择课程内容的标准。

3）以高职学生的认知规律和职业技能培养目标作为课程内容模块化的依据来序化教学内容。

4）优化教学设计，充分利用教学资源，提高学生专业英语适岗适任能力，培养学生职业英语综合素质。

3．课程目标3.1 知识目标通过学习，使学生了解和掌握以下内容的专业英语：I。

公共用语1）日常用语2）日常对外业务用语3）船东面试时用语II。

机舱日常业务1）主机系统①轮机设备部件名称②主机燃油系统操作与管理③主机冷却水系统操作与管理④主机润滑油系统操作与管理⑤主机起动空气系统操作与管理⑥主机运行工况监测⑦主机换气、增压系统操作与管理⑧主机故障排除⑨主机维护保养⑩主机智能设备操作2）辅助设备①锅炉的操作与管理①发电柴油机的操作与管理①空调和制冷系统的操作与管理①空压机的操作与管理①造水机的操作与管理①分油机的操作与管理①油水分离器的操作与管理①焚烧炉的操作与管理①生活污水处理装置的操作与管理①舵机的操作与管理①压载水系统操作与管理①舱底水系统操作与管理①甲板机械的维护与管理①电气设备的操作与管理①电气设备的安全注意事项①消防水系统的操作与管理①生活日用水系统的操作与管理III。

Steering System

Steering SystemThe steering system is one of those that have the most significant influence on vehicle performance and reliability.The purpose of the steering system is to guide the car where the driver wants it to go.It mainly consists of the steering wheel,the steering column,the steering shaft,the steering gear,the pitman arm,the drag link,the steering arm,the ball joint and the tie rod assembly.They enable the car to change the direction by means of turning and moving forth and back.For a car to turn smoothly,each wheel must follow a different circle.Since the inside wheel is following a circle with a smaller radius,it is actually making a tighter turn than the outside sheel.If you draw a line perpendicular to each wheel,the lines will intersect at the center point of the turn.The geometry of the steering linkage makes the inside wheel turn more than the outside wheel.A steering box must have the following qualities:1.no play in the straight-ahead position;2.low friction,resulting in high efficiency;3.high rigidity;4.re-adjustability.For these reasons,there are several different types of steering gears.However,there are only two types of steering systems:manusl steering system and power steering system.A manual type relies on thedriver’s effort on the steering wheel to make the vehicle turn.A power steering system uses hydraulic or air assisting setups,which makes it easy for the driver to steer.The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion.The most common ones are rack-and-pinion and recirculating-ball steering gears. Rack-and-pinion SteeringRack-and-pinion steering is quickly becoming the most common type of steering on cars,small trucks and sport utility vehicles(SUVs)in which the engine compartment spae is limited.It is actually a pretty simple mechanism.The steering gear is small and lightweight.it provides good steering with minimum driver effort.Also,rack-and-pinion steering giver more feedback and road feel to the driver.The rack-and-pinion system has two main parts:the pinion and the rack.The pinion is on the end of the steering column.The steering wheel and steering shaft are connected to a pinion gear.The pinion gear is in mesh with a straight bar,called a rack that has teeth on one side.When the driver turns the steering wheel,the pinion gear turns,causing the rack to move.This movement,in turn,is connected to a linkage that causes the wheels to turn to the left or right.The rack-and-pinion gear-set does two things:1.It converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels.2.It provides a gear reduction,making it easier to turn the wheels. Recirculating-ball SteeringRecirculating-ball steering is used on many trucks and SUVs today.The linkage that turns the wheels is slightly different than on a rack-and-pinion system.The larger and heavier steering gear.This type of steering gear is very low in friction and provides a good mechanical advantage for a heavy vehicle.The main parts os the recirculating-ball gear are the balls,and the gear teeth on the ball nut.The steering fear shaft is connected to the steering wheel either directly shaft.A pitman shaft is mounted in the housing in a position 90 degree to the worm gear.A ball nut rides on the worm gear and a gear on the pitman shaft,called the sector,is engaged with this nut. Ball or roller bearings are used to support both engs of the worm gear and are adjustable to remove end or side play from the worm gear.The pitman shaft is supported by bushings,needs bearings,or a combination of the two,and provision is made to control the worm and pitman shaft clearance.All parts are enclosed in a cast housing that is partly filled with lubricant.Seals are used to prevent the entry of dirt or the loss of lubricant.The ball nut has internal threads that are meshed to the threads of the worm with the ball bearings between the two.In the steering gear,the output shaft makes fewer revolutions than theinput shaft.In the recirculating-ball steering gear,the worm -shaft is the input shaft.The worm-shaft connects to the steering column in such a way mechanic can remove the steering gear or steering column independently of one another.The sector shaft(also called the pitman shaft)is like the output shaft of the steering gear.As the worm-shaft turns,the balls move the ball nut up and down along the worm-shaft.This turns the sector shaft,since the sector teeth mesh with the ball nut teeth.The sector shaft is connected through steering linkage to the front wheels.Power SteeringPower steering in a recirculating-ball system works similarly to a rack-and-pinion system.A power-steering system should assist the driver only when he is exerting force on the steering wheel(such as when starting a turn).When the driver is not exerting force(such as when driving in a straight line),the system should’t provide any assist.There are two general types types of power steering:one is self-contained,with all hydraulic pressure applied to the pitman arm shaft;the other type uses a standard type gearbox with a power cylinder attached to the linkage system.The former type is currently in widespread usage.Both kinds of power steering systems are actuated by oil pressure.There are another couple of key components in power steering in addition to the rack-and-pinion or recirculating-ball mechanism:pumpand rotary valve.When the steering wheel is not being turned,both hydraulic lined provide the same amount of pressure to the steering gear.But if the spool valve is turned one way or the other,ports open up to provide high-pressure fluid to the appropriate line.It turns out that this type of power-steering system is pretty inefficient.Some parts,such as the ball joints of a steering system are easy to be worn out or damaged,so you should check them regularly to avoid malfunction.Another note is that the steering gear needs lubricants to work smoothly.Before you drive a car anther important thing is to adjust the toe-in for wheel alignment.This can be done through adjusting the length of the tie rod.It world be helpful to reduce the wear of the tires and make the steering more easily.The Future of Power SteeringIn the past fifth years,car steering systems have’t changed much.But in the next decade,we’ll see advances in car steering that will result in more comfortable ride.One of the exciting things is that you can fine-tune vehicle handling without changing anything in the car’s mechanical components-all it takes to adjust the steering is some new computer software.In future drive-by-wire vehicles,you will most likely be able to configure the controls exactly to your liking by pressing a fewbuttons,just like you might adjust the seat position in a car today.It would also be possible in this sort of system to store distinct control preferences for each driver in the family.。

汽车英语Steering System

This motion applies steering torque to the swivel pin ball joints that replaced previously used kingpins of the stub axle of the steered wheels via tie rods and a short lever arm called the steering arm 这个运动将转向扭矩应用到旋转球铰销这个运动通过转向横拉杆和转向臂从而替代了先前使用的转向轴立轴。将转向扭矩应用到旋转球铰销从而替代了先前使用的转向轴立轴。通过转向横拉杆和转向臂
3.2 Steering System

Automobile suspension and steering are the two paramount parts of an automobile, which are directly related to each other. Suspension n.暂停；中止；悬挂 Suspend v. n.暂停；中止；悬挂 Suspense n.悬疑；焦虑；悬挂 Suspicion n.猜疑；怀疑 I think her suspension from the team was a very harsh punishment. 我认为她被暂停参加队的比赛是很严厉的处罚。 As the workers went on strike, the company was obliged to suspend its operations. 由于工人罢工,该公司被迫暂停营运。 The movie kept the audience in suspense until the end. 那部电影让观众一直在悬疑之中直到最后。 We regard her behaviour with suspicion. 我们对她的行为有怀疑。

汽车专业英语教材讲义讲稿底盘第4讲 Steering System(转向系统)

integral
integral. As the sector shaft teeth move back and forth, the sector shaft is also forced to turn back and forth.
整体的
This causes the pitman arm to move from side to side to actuate actuate the linkage.
aft
the steering gear converts the turning of the
前后
steering wheel to fore-and-aft movement of the pitman
arm, which is then converted to side-to-side linkage
linkage 转向杆系
steering knuckle 转向节
clamp 夹箍
relay rod 中继杆
idler arm 随动臂
pitman arm 转向摇臂
Manual Steering Linkage Components (1)
手动转向传动机构组成 (1)
Fig. 2-4-1
1- frame （车架） 2- idler arm support （空转轮臂支架） 3- idler arm （空转轮臂） 4sector and sector shaft （扇形齿轮和齿轮轴） 5- steering shaft （转向轴） 6- worm gear and ball nut assembly （蜗轮和球螺母总成） 7pitman arm （转向摇臂） 8tie-rod (left side) （左转向横拉杆） 9- relay rod （接力杆） 10- tie-rod (right side) （右转向横拉杆） 11steering knuckle （转向节）

交通运输专业英语

Lesson 6 The Steering System1 The Steering GearThe steering gear mechanism enables the driver to turn the front wheels of the car. The mechanism consists of a steering gear box, pitman arm, drag link, tie rods, steering arms, and steering knuckles, the latter supporting the front wheels. (Fig.6.1)转向齿轮机构使司机能够转动轿车的前轮。

该机构由转向器、转向垂臂、纵拉杆、转向横拉杆、梯形臂和转向节构成，转向节支承着前轮。

（图6.1）Turning the steering wheel turns the steering shaft to which a worm gear is attached within the steering gear box.转动转向盘使转向轴转动，并带动转向器内与之相连的蜗杆转动。

The steering worm moves a roller through a part of an arc, the motion of which is transmitted to the pitman arm, which moves back and forth across the width of the frame.转向蜗杆推动滚筒移动一段弧线，滚筒的运动被传递到转向垂臂，转向垂臂在整个车架宽度上来回移动。

Several arrangements of rods and levers are in common use but, in general, a drag link, connected to the pitmen arm, transmits the movement to tie rods which are connected to the steering arms.通常使用几种杠杆的布置方式，但是总的来说，与转向垂臂相连的纵拉杆把运动传递到与转向臂相连的横拉杆。

交通运输专业英语翻译

Lesson1 to lesson3Engine发动机发动机充当动力装置。

内燃机是最常见的：它通过在发动机汽缸里面燃烧一种液体燃料获得动力。

有2种形式的发动机：汽油机〔也叫做火花点燃式发动机〕和柴油机〔也叫做压燃式发动机〕两种发动机均被称为热机，有燃烧的燃油产生热，引起气缸内气体的压力升高，并输出动力使连接到传动系的轴旋转。

Suspension悬架车桥和车轮通过悬架系统与底盘隔开。

悬架系统的根本作用是吸收由不规那么路面引起的振动，从而有助于把车辆保持在一个受控的水平方向上，否那么振动将传至车辆和车辆上的乘员。

Steering转向系通过司机控制方向盘，转向系统为前轮转向提供手段。

转向系统为减少转动方向盘所需的力以及让车辆更易操纵提供了强力的帮助支持。

Brakes制动系汽车上的制动系统有三个主要的功能。

它必须能让车辆在必要时减速；它必须能让车辆在尽可能短的一段距离内停下；它必须能让车辆保持怠速。

由于制动器迫使固定外表〔制动衬片〕接触旋转外表〔鼓式或盘式〕产生的摩擦力来完成刹车动作。

每个车轮具有一个鼓式或盘式制动总成，当驾驶员踩脚制动踏板时，靠液力产生制动principle of operation 工作原理这个发动机的四个行程见图2.2。

在吸气行程开始时，进气阀翻开活塞在汽缸中从上止点运动到下止点。

通过活塞运动产生的局部真空，导致空气燃油混合物通过进气歧管进入汽缸。

化油器提供正确比例的空气燃油混合物。

当活塞运动到行程终点时进气阀关闭，因为两个阀都关闭着，所以使得汽缸上端密封。

在图2.2b中，活塞正向上运动，压缩汽缸和活塞之间的燃油混合物至一个很小的体积，--这就是压缩行程。

在到达上止点前，由火花塞电极产生的一个电火花，点燃了空气燃油混合物。

为了得到良好的性能，点火时刻必须精确控制。

随着空气燃油混合物燃烧，热空气膨胀气缸压力急剧上升，以致活塞被迫向汽缸下方运动。

使连杆对曲轴作用一个相当大的回转力。

这就是燃烧行程，也叫做做功行程，见图2.2c。

Unit 06 Car Steering System

Unit 6 Car Steering System
Figure 6-1 Power steering system
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Unit 6 Car Steering System
The pinion gear is attached to the steering shaft. When you turn the steering wheel, the gear spins, moving the rack. The tie rod at each end of the rack connects to the
one complete revolution (360 degrees) of the steering wheel results in the wheels of the car turning 20 degrees, then the steering ratio is 360 divided by 20, or 18:1. A higher ratio means that you have to turn the steering
which the steerable wheels are turned.
Unit 6 Car Steering System
Turning the Car
For a car to turn smoothly, each wheel must follow a different circle. Since the inside wheel is following a circle
Unit 6 Car Steering System
(2) It provides a gear reduction, making it easier to turn the wheels. On most cars, it takes three to four complete

汽车专业英语Unit-6

The main rotating shaft that converts linear motion into rotational motion
The main structure that holds the cylinders and other components together
03
An engine component that uses exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which in turn compresses air entering the engine, increasing power and efficiency
The working principle of the engine
• Working principle of braking system: The braking system converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into thermal energy through friction and dissipates it into the air, thereby slowing down or stopping the vehicle.
Electric motor
Hybrid engine
Turbocharger
An engine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy It is quiet, clean, and effective
A combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which uses both power sources to optimize performance and fuel efficiency

新版轮机英语unit6STARTINGSYSTEM

Pilot air for the appropriate direction of operation is also supplied to an air distributor(空气分配器).
This device is usually driven
by the engine camshaft and
Lubricating oil from the compressor will pass along the air lines and deposit on them.
In the event of a cylinder air starting valve leaking, hot gases would pass into the air pipes and ignite the lubricating oil.
4. Another mechanical interlock is provided to prevent the main control lever being moved until starting air is admitted to the cylinders. This prevents fuel being admitted to the cylinders when the engine is at rest（停用）.
occurrence, cylinder starting valves should be properly(适当的） maintained and the pipelines regularly drained（放残）.
Also oil discharged from compressors should be kept to a minimum, by careful maintenance.

汽车维修英语第三版Unit 3 Lesson8 The Transmission System

ayout ['leiaut] n. 布局，安排
clutch [klʌtʃ] n. 离合器
tire ['taiə] n. 轮胎
pedalቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ['pedl] n. 踏板
capability [ keipə'biləti] n. 能力，性
automatic [ ɔ:tə'mætik] adj. 自动的能
4. Tom c .
a. and Mary drive the car b. is a driver c. made the decision to buy
5. Tom a .
a. hasn’t decided to take the new model b. doesn’t take the new model c. wants to buy the car
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More Words and Phrases
Unit 3
传动系统的分类和优点
Lesson 84
The basic function of the transmission system is transferring the power to the drive wheels. We can see FF, FR, MR and 4WD and so on. FF and FR are widely used on vehicles. MR is mainly used on karts. 4WD is mainly used on cross-country vehicles and limousines. The following are their advantages. 1. FF (front engine front drive) (1) Low floor gives good cornering and low body gives small air resistance. (2) Flat floor, no propeller shaft tunnel or transmission protrusions. (3) Majority of weight at front gives good cornering.

Lesson6

第六课：取暖，通风，和空调取暖，通风，和空调系统是环境工程的主要方面，就最新的概念而言，他包括建筑工程的所有方面：比如说给排水工程，隔音工程及室内布置工程。

环境工程的概念就标志着建筑的所有因素都有着内在的联系。

取暖可由照明设备提供，举个例子：管道是影响空调系统的重要因素，同时，它也能影响结构的设计。

虽然目前有条文对建筑的种种限制，但是这个科目还是被延伸到交通工具中，如：大客车，飞机，轮船，航天器和潜艇。

这些都有着很高的特殊要求。

取暖，通风，和空调系统在目前的背景下，将被定义为控制一个封闭空间的环境这一普遍的关系。

除了使人安逸的设备外，许多工业进程都依赖着一个稳定的大气层，如此以来，工程的分支则覆盖了一个相当大的应用范围。

取暖系统涉及到提高温度以达到高温环境。

通风系统则涉及到提供新鲜空气和抽出那些被污染或含有杂质的空气。

空调系统则包括了取暖和通风系统的功能，而且还增加了降温功能，调节湿度和洁净空气，过滤灰尘，细菌和空气中的杂质。

在历史上，人们生火在自己周围取暖是最容易做到的，而且无疑的是木材是最初的燃料。

首先在洞穴中，由石器时代遗留下来的炉边可以说明，后来就在泥土或是草地上生火。

发现木炭可以由木材制得，而且是一种无烟的燃料，这被看作在适当的地方的一个简单的进步，那些地方仅仅需要适度取暖，如中国，日本，以及地中海沿岸。

另外一个进展就是气孔和烟窗的出现。

首先是在屋顶中央开个简单的孔，而后来则连着壁炉，这种发明源于欧洲13世纪。

烟和汽水将不再蔓延于生活空间。

火炉在公元前600年在中国出现并使用。

它比壁炉更节省热量。

火炉从俄罗斯传到德国和欧洲的大部分国家。

及到今天它还在被使用，而且还是一家人的焦点地方。

火炉有横过大西洋进入美国，在那里，本杰明.富兰克林于1744年改进发明设计，但其先行者却是那些传统的大腹便便的火炉。

将近于18世纪末期，首先对壁炉进行科学精制好像归功于物理学家本杰明.汤姆生。

计算rumford。