高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题

高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题㈠高考短文改错命题焦点：短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。

短文改错的文章多采用记叙文，有时也用说明文。

在100词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种：1．该行错一个词，找出来并改正。

2．该行多一个词，找出来并去掉。

3．该行缺一个词，补上一词。

4．该行没错，不改动。

从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词1～2处；缺一词1～2处；正确1处；错一词5～6处。

这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。

换句话说，这是一种比较全面的考查。

我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句，句不离篇，要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。

平时打好这种基础，就为正确地解题准备了条件。

㈡短文改错解题技巧：⒈快速阅读掌握大意。

短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍，了解其大意，这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系，对时态、人称等都心中有数。

十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发现并纠正错误，首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语，注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主旨容，注意整篇短文的中心容，这样才更加有效地完成改错。

⒉在改错过程中，要结合上下文语境来观察，不要只盯住一行。

按照上述的原则，对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误，应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误，有无语法修饰上的错误，有无惯用法方面的错误。

如果没有发现明显错误，则分别检查时态、人称，单复数，主谓一致等各项。

⒊检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。

如有不妥之处，看看是否关联词有问题。

⒋整篇做完后，认真检查一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否合理，时态人称等是否一致。

㈢短文改错常见考点：⒈多一词：抽象名词前多一冠词：如：Modern people know more about the health.（去掉the ）专有名词前多一冠词：如:the England(去掉the ), the Hebei Province（去掉the ）, the Beijing Airport（去掉the ）固定词组中名词前多一冠词：如：go to the school（去掉the ）, go to the prison（去掉the ）,at the work（去掉the ）, in the bed（去掉the ）, go to the hospital（去掉the ）, set a fire to sth （去掉a）., at the first（去掉the ）, the most of them（去掉the ）,at the noon（去掉the ）, make a rapid progress（去掉a ），a plenty of（去掉a ）表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词：如：by the air（去掉the ）, by the bus（去掉the ）, by the ship（去掉the ）表示体育活动的名词前；如：play the football（去掉the ）, play the basketball（去掉the ）表示节日（常含有Day）的名词前多一冠词：如：the National Day（去掉the ）, the May Day（去掉the ）表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词：如：He is the most hardworking. （去掉the ）某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词：如：A child as he is, he knows a lot. （去掉a ）在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词：如：on one day（去掉on ）, on that evening（去掉on ）, in every week（去掉in）某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；如：①raise up one’s hand（去掉up ）②pick（摘）up apples（去掉up ）③return back(回来) （去掉back）④repeat again（去掉again）⑤play with them in the match（去掉with ）⑥marry with the man（去掉with ）⑦serve for the people（去掉for ）⑧enter into the room（去掉into）⑨I learn English every day to improve it better（去掉better ）.表示地点的副词前多一介词：如：①go to there（去掉to ）②drive to home（去掉to）③return to home（去掉to ）某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词：如：①because of his left leg was broken（去掉of）②instead of he developed his love for the theatre（去掉of ）③I looked at but could see nothing. （去掉at）④join in the army（去掉in ）状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：如：①Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. （去掉but ）②As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday. （去掉so）充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词：如：①Her husband died, and leaving her three children. （去掉and ）②He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. （去掉and ）作定语的分词前多一代词：如：①The child who reading a book is her brother. （去掉who）②How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. （去掉which ）定语从句中多一代词：如：①The film that I saw it yesterday is good. （去掉it ）②This is the very book that I am looking for it. （去掉it ）③He is the man we talked about him. （去掉him ）在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词：如：①While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground. （去掉waiting前的I ）②If it heated, ice turns to water. （去掉it）在某些固定结构中多了“to”，如：①I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you. （去掉第一个to）②Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? （去掉to ）③She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. （去掉to ）④You had better not to go there. （去掉to ）⑤I made them to do the cleaning. （去掉to ）⑥I had him to clean the room. （去掉to ）⑦We noticed him to walk out of the garden. （去掉to ）⑧I often hear her to sing the song. （去掉to ）⒉缺一词：表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：如：A/The ∧horse is a useful animal.单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词，如：①There is a∧library in every town in Britain.②Good health is a∧person’s most valuable possession.特指名词前缺定冠词the ,如：①Have you read the∧books by Mark Twain?②The book on the∧desk is mine.作状语的动词不定式缺“to”，如：①David and I want to go off to∧find help…②…and other organizations are working to∧improve health all over the world.形容词最高级前缺定冠词the ,如：one of the∧earliest kinds of moneysuch或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词，如：①This is such a∧good book that I like it.②He is so good a∧student that all the teachers like him.姓氏复数形式（表示一家人或夫妇二人）前面缺一冠词，如：The∧Turners are watching TV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，如：In the∧1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示“一个名叫…的人”前缺一冠词，如：A∧Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词，如：He is the∧taller of the two.某些固定短语中缺一冠词，如：in the∧end, go to the∧cinema, in the∧daytime, on the∧right抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，如：①The meeting held yesterday was a∧success.②It is a∧famous Chinese tea.③The experiment turned out to be a∧failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，如：①He is looking for a room to live in∧.②There is nothing to worry about∧.③I need a pen to write with∧.一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，如：①He didn’t reply to∧my letter.②Are you sure about∧it?③Thousands and thousands of∧people like watching TV.④Dr Wang started to operate on∧them at once.⑤He grasped my hands and asked for∧my name and address.⑥Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for∧.并列句缺并列连词，如：①He was tired and∧it was getting dark.②He asked me to go, so∧I went.③He is old, but∧he is still strong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词，如：①That∧he will come is certain.②It is uncertain whether∧he can come or not.③We all know the truth that∧the earth goes round the sun.④They expressed the hope that∧they would come over to visit China again.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，如：①The police have found the knife with which∧the man killed his wife.②The changes that/ which∧have taken place are great.③Is this the boy who∧did the good deed?缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”，如：①The population is much larger than that∧of Canada.②The weather of Beijing is as good as that∧of Shijiazhuang.③The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those∧made in Beijing.“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch”等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to”，如：①They were made to∧work fourteen hours a day by the landlord.②He was noticed to∧cross the street.为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,如：①If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to∧.②I wanted to go out, but my mother told me not to∧.③Don’t leave the room unless I tell you to∧.⒊错一词：名词的单复数错误，如：①Different people speak different language. (language →languages)②We have been to Europe many time.( time→times)③His word were a great encouragement to me. (word→words)④There are branch library in many villages. (library→libraries)动词时态、语态的错误，如：①Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurry →hurried)②Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.( is →was)③Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost→costs)形容词、副词混用错误（修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动词、名词应用形容词）及其他词性错误，如：①I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully →wonderful)②A player’s native language is not importance. (importance→important)③Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( important→importance)④Unfortunate, there are too many people…(Unfortunate→Unfortunately)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误，如：①The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves →itself)②The Blacks did his best to make me feel at home. ( his→their)非谓语动词使用错误，如：①I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort.( watch →watching 动名词短语作主语)②I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk.(enjoy→enjoying, 与seeing 是平行结构)③He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(wash→washed,与cut是平行结构，采用的是have sth done结构)同义词、近义词、形似词错误，如：across与through, among 与between, except与besides, like与as, ago 与before, accept 与receive, living 与alive, let与allow, lonely与alone, too 与either, cost 、spend 、pay与take, hard与hardly, worth与worthy, raise与rise, likely与possible, near 与nearly, lend 与borrow, job 与work, deep 与deeply, answer 与reply, high与highly, sit 与seat, wide 与widely, try与manage, neither 与either, so 与such, every day 与everyday, all与both, every 与each, find 与found（建立）, lie（躺）、lie（撒谎）与lay（放置、生产）, hang（挂）与hang（绞死）sound 与voice, place与room, forget与leave, hope 与wish, call on与call at如：①I raised my sound so that I could be heard.(sound→voice, voice表示人的嗓音)②There isn’t any place for me in the bus.(place→room, room为不可数名词表示“空间”)③I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.(forgot→left, leave表示“剩留，把某物忘在某地”)④I hope you to come earlier next time.(hope→wish, hope后面不能跟“宾语+动词不定式”的复合结构)⑤He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher.(such→so, 当many/ much/few/little 表示“多或少”的含义时，前面常用so) ⑥I received an invitation but I didn’t receive it.(receive→accept, accept 表示“主观接受”)⑦You should rise your hand before asking the question.(rise→raise, rise是不及物动词，raise是及物动词)关系词用错，如：①I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.(when→that,先行词在定语从句中作宾语)②I’ll never forget the day that I went abroad myself.(that→when, 先行词在定语从句中作时间状语)③The tool with that he is working is called a saw.(that→which, 介词后面的关系代词不能用that )④If he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.(If→Whether, if 不能引导主语从句)⑤The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen is undeniable.(which→that, that 引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分)连词使用错误，如：if与unless, because与for, when与while①We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.( and→but)②If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry.(If→Unless)③He was walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.(while→when, 此时，when不译作“当…的时候”，而表示“正在…时，这时另一件事发生了”。