M3U4 Astronomy the science of the stars
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Seismography 地震仪
Invented seismography and the Armillary Sphere (浑天仪) so as to observe the universe and predict earthquake
张衡(78 AD - 139 AD), earliest astronomer in China Later Han Dynasty
Reptiles
Mammals
Dinosaurs
海洋里的细胞开始分裂
登陆
爬行动物
恐龙
Mammals
人类的兴起
The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it ?
• 大爆炸后1秒后 100亿度,中微子向外逃逸, 正负电子湮没反应出现,核力尚不足束缚中 子和质子。 • 大爆炸后13.8秒后 30亿度,氘、氦类稳定原 子核(化学元素)形成。 • 大爆炸后35分钟后 3亿度,核过程停止,尚 不能形成中性原子。 • 大爆炸后30万年后 3000度,化学结合作用使 中性原子形成,宇宙主要成分为气态物质, 并逐步在自引力作用下凝聚成密度较高的气 体云块,直至恒星和恒星系统。
Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy
Do you know the following scientists? Who are they? What have they discovered?
Aristotle
亚里斯多德
Metaphysics (宇宙哲学)
Galileo 伽利略
In 1609 Galileo learned of the invention of the telescope in Holland. From the barest description he constructed a vastly superior model. Galileo made a series of profound discoveries using his new telescope, including the moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus (similar to those of Earth's moon).
Pangu separates the sky from the earth
中国神话传说中有盘古开天地的说法。 巨人盘古用一把利斧劈开混沌,将天地分开。
死后,他的气息化成风和云,声音变成轰轰的
雷声,左眼化为太阳,右眼化为月亮,手足与四
肢变成大地的四极与五方的名山,血液化成
江河,筋脉铺成道路,肌肉形成田地,须发成为
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
India Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have evolved from him.
Pre-reading
1. Do you know each religion or
culture has its own ideas about the
beginning of the universe?
In China, we all know that Pangu
separates the sky from the earth.
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
Isaac Newton,
牛顿 1642―1727 Universal gravitation 万有引力
Relativity(相对论) and the Cosmos (宇宙)
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
爱因斯坦
The theory about black holes (黑洞理论)
Copernicus
哥白尼 sun-centered or heliocentric
(以太阳为中 心)theory
Thales 泰利斯
His questioning approach to the understanding of heavenly phenomena was the beginning of Greek astronomy. Thales's hypotheses were new and bold, and in freeing phenomena from godly intervention, he paved the way towards scientific endeavor.
A cloud of dust A solid globe
Explode
atmosphere water
Cells separate
Plants on land
Plants in the water
oxygen
Early shellfish and fish
Insects and amphibians
Unit 4
How Life Began on the Earth
Reading
Do you know the origin of the human beings ?
Think it over 1. Where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors? 2. Do you really think space flights are meaningful? 3. Why is the earth the only one of all the plants on which life can survive?
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the stars
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
八 大 行 星
你知道吗?
Mercury Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星
水星
Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
星星,牙齿和骨骼化为金属、珍珠、玉石,汗
水成为滋润万物生长的甘霖和雨露。
Other legends about the beginning of
universe
The Biblical Account Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land
6.amphibians(两栖类)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
▲Big
Bang
Gas
New stars
remnants
Dying stars
平面图
1948年,美国物理学家伽莫夫提出了宇宙大爆炸 学说。他认为:我们所观测到的宇宙始于150亿前的一 次爆炸事件。 爆炸之初,宇宙是一个极度高温、高密度的“辐 射地狱”,物质只能以中子、质子、电子、光子和中微 子等基本粒子形态存在。宇宙爆炸之后不断膨胀,导致 温度和密度很快下降。随着温度的下降,逐步形成原子 核、原子、分子,并复合成通常的气体。气体逐渐凝聚 成星云,星云进一步形成各种各样的恒星和星系,形成 现在我们所看到的宇宙。 #宇宙大爆炸学说的主要证据 (1) 星系距离越远,退行速度越大(红移) (2) 3K宇宙微波背景辐射(1978年诺贝尔物理奖) (3) 宇宙氦丰度(76%的)
Study of the groups of life (生命的种类/物种) Look at the pictures and tell the groups . 1.insects
2.plants
3.reptiles(爬行类)
4.shellfish(贝类)
5.fish 7.mammals(哺乳类)
从1948年伽莫夫建立热大爆炸的观念以来,通过几 十年的努力,为我们勾画出这样一部宇宙历史:
• 大爆炸开始时 150-200亿年前,极小体积,极高 密度,极高温度。 • 大爆炸后10-43秒 宇宙从量子背景出现。 • 大爆炸后10-35秒 同一场分解为强力、电弱力和引 力。 • 大爆炸后10-5秒 10万亿度,质子和中子形成。 • 大爆炸后0.01秒 1000亿度,光子、电子、中微子为 主,质子中子仅占10亿分之一,热平衡态,体系急 剧膨胀,温度和密度不断下降。 • 大爆炸后0.1秒后 300亿度,中子质子比从1.0下降 到0.61。