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拉雷尔电子有限公司产品说明书
LAUREL ELECTRONICS, ureate™ Rate Meter & Totalizer with Functions A+B, A-B, AxB, A/B, A/B-1Features•Arithmetic functions A+B, A-B, AxB, A/B, A/B-1 applied to rate or total forchannels A & B•Frequencies from 0.005 Hz to 10 kHz•Independent scaling for each channel•Selectable "count by" of 10 or 100 with rounding•6-digit red or green LED display•Universal AC power Input, 85-264 Vac•Isolated 5, 10 or 24 Vdc excitation output•NEMA 4X, 1/8 DIN case•Optional serial I/O: Ethernet, USB, RS232, RS485, Ethernet-to-RS485 converter•Optional relay outputs: dual or quad relays, contact or solid state•Optional isolated analog output: 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 0-10V, -10 to +10V•Optional low voltage power: 10-48 Vdc or 12-32 VacDescriptionArithmetic functions A+B, A-B, AxB, A/B, A/B-1 applied tochannels A & B are a capability of Laureates with an Extendedcounter main board and FR dual-channel signal conditionerboard. These functions are applicable to rate or total after scalingto engineering units. The following are application examples:•Add two flows (A+B) for total flow or total volume.•Subtract two flows (A-B) for net flow or net volume.•Take the ratio of two flow rates (A/B) for chemical mixing.•Take the ratio of RPMs or belt speeds (A/B) to synchronizemoving machinery.•Subtract 1 from ratio (A/B-1) to control elongation of materialcompressed by rollers (draw).•Multiply belt speed by weight of material on the belt to for rateor weight of material delivered by the belt. A weighttransducer with frequency output is required.Ratio and draw are similar, except that 1 is subtracted from ratioto obtain draw. The frequency of channels A or B is measuredand converted to rate in engineering units by multiplying it by theappropriate scale factor for that channel. Either rate can bedisplayed. The A/B ratio is taken mathematically by the meter,and 1 is subtracted for draw. The result can be multiplied by amultiple or 10 from 0.0001 to 100000, and the decimal point canbe set to display the result with the desired precision up to sixdigits.Fast, High Resolution Measurements. Laureate countersdetermine frequency by timing an integral number of periods overa programmable gate time. The inverse period approach allowsgreater accuracy and faster update times than conventionalmeters which count signal pulses over a specified time interval.Channel A accepts pulses from 0.005 Hz to 1 MHz, while Chan-nel B accepts pulses from 0.005 Hz to 250 kHz. At the minimumgate time of 10 ms, update rates can be up to 25/second. Suchfast response is ideal for peak capture and for alarm and controlapplications. Variations in the displayed reading can be reducedby selecting a longer gate time. An adaptive digital filter canfurther reduce variations due to noise while rapidly responding toactual changes in the signal.Universal Signal Conditioner. The Laureate dual-channelsignal conditioner accepts inputs from proximity switches withPNP or NPN output, TTL or CMOS logic, magnetic pickups,contact closures, low-level outputs from turbine flow meters downto 12 mV, or high-level AC line inputs to 250 Vac. Jumper selec-tions provide optimum operation for different sensor types andnoise conditions. A built-in isolated 5, 10, or 24 Vdc excitationsupply can power proximity switches or other sensors, andeliminate the need for an external power supply.Designed for system use. Optional plug-in boards includeEthernet and other serial communication boards, dual or quadrelay boards, and an isolated analog output board. Laureatesmay be powered from 85-264 Vac or optionally from 12-32 Vacor 10-48 Vdc. The display is available with red or green LEDs.The 1/8 DIN case meets NEMA 4X (IP65) specifications from thefront when panel mounted. Any setup functions and front panelkeys can be locked out for simplified usage and security. A built-in isolated 5, 10, or 24 Vdc excitation supply can power trans-ducers and eliminate the need for an external power supply.All power and signal connections are via UL / VDE / CSA ratedscrew clamp plugs.SpecificationsDisplayReadout Display Range Zero Adjust Span Adjust Indicators 6 LED digits, 7-segment, 14.2 mm (.56"), red or green LED -999999 to +999999, XXXXEX notation beyond 999999-999999 to +9999990 to 999999Four LED lampsInputsTypesSignal Ground Channel A Frequency Channel B Frequency Minimum Signal Maximum Signal Noise FilterContact Debounce AC, pulses from NPN, PNP transistors, contact closures, magnetic pickups Common ground for channels A & B0.005 Hz to 1 MHz0.005 Hz to 250 kHzNine ranges from (-12 to +12 mV) to (+1.25 to +2.1V)250 Vac1 MHz, 30 kHz, 250 Hz (selectable)0, 3, 50 ms (selectable)Rate AccuracyTime Base Span Tempco Long-term Drift Crystal calibrated to ±2 ppm ±1 ppm/°C (typ)5 ppm/yearPowerVoltage, standard Voltage, optional Power frequency Power consumption (typical, base meter) Power isolation 85-264 Vac or 90-300 Vdc12-32 Vac or 10-48 VdcDC or 47-63 Hz1.2W @ 120 Vac, 1.5W @ 240 Vac, 1.3W @ 10 Vdc, 1.4W @ 20 Vdc, 1.55W @ 30 Vdc, 1.8W @ 40 Vdc,2.15W @ 48 Vdc250V rms working, 2.3 kV rms per 1 min testExcitation Output (standard)5 Vdc10 Vdc24 VdcOutput Isolation 5 Vdc ± 5%, 100 mA10 Vdc ± 5%, 120 mA 24 Vdc ± 5%, 50 mA50 Vdc to meter groundAnalog Output (optional)Output Levels Current compliance Voltage compliance Scaling Resolution Isolation 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 0-10V, -10 to +10V (single-output option) 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 0-10V (dual-output option)2 mA at 10V ( > 5 kΩ load)12V at 20 mA ( < 600Ω load)Zero and full scale adjustable from -99999 to +9999916 bits (0.0015% of full scale)250V rms working, 2.3 kV rms per 1 min test(dual analog outputs share the same ground)Relay Outputs (optional)Relay Types Current Ratings Output common Isolation 2 Form C contact relays or 4 Form A contact relays (NO)2 or 4 Form A, AC/DC solid state relays (NO)8A at 250 Vac or 24 Vdc for contact relays120 mA at 140 Vac or 180 Vdc for solid state relays Isolated commons for dual relays or each pair of quad relays 250V rms working, 2.3 kV rms per 1 min testSerial Data I/O (optional)Board Selections ProtocolsData Rates Digital Addresses Isolation Ethernet, Ethernet-to-RS485 converter, USB, USB-to-RS485 converter, RS485 (dual RJ11), RS485 Modbus (dual RJ45), RS232.Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII, Laurel ASCII protocol300 to 19200 baud247 (Modbus), 31 (Laurel ASCII),250V rms working, 2.3 kV rms per 1 min testEnvironmental Operating Temp. Storage Temp.Relative Humidity Protection0°C to 55°C -40°C to 85°C95% at 40°C, non-condensingNEMA-4X (IP-65) when panel mountedSignal ConnectionsMechanicalApplication ExamplesControlling the Mixing Ratio of Two FluidsDisplaying and alarming the input flow rate ratio of two fluids (gas or liquid) allows these to be mixed in a predetermined ratio in continuous processes. The sensing element is normally a turbine flowmeter, which outputs pulses at a frequency proportional to flow rate. The A/B ratio can also be displayed for totalized rate (or delivered volume). Comparing Fluid Inflow & OutflowThe ratio of the inflow and outflow rates of a tank is a measure of the relative filling or emptying rate. The same meter can also be programmed to display the net inflow or outflow rate in flow units, or to display totalized inflow our outflow in volume units. Any of these parameters can be alarmed using the dual relay board and be transmitted via 4-20 mA, RS-232 or RS-485. Controlling Coating Thickness on a FilmIn this application, Channel A measures the rate at which a coating material is applied, as measured by a flow meter, while Channel B measures the speed of the film based on pulses from a proximity switch. Displaying and alarming the A/B ratio assures that an even thickness of coating material is applied as the speed of the film is varies. Synchronizing Two Conveyor LinesThe dual-channel Laureate counter can measure the speed of conveyor lines by using the output of proximity switches which sense gear teeth or spokes of rotating drive wheels. Displaying the speed ratio of two lines allows line speeds to be adjusted so that material arrives at work stations when needed. Measuring Draw for ElongationDraw (Ch A / Ch B - 1) can be used to display the elongation of films compressed between rollers, the shrinkage films, and the RPM difference of rollers whose speed is varied to maintain tension. The six-digit resolution of the Laureate dual channel counter / rate meter is ideal for comparison of rates that are close to each other.Ordering GuideCreate a model number in this format: L70000FR, IPCMain Board L7 Extended Main Board, Green LEDsL8 Extended Main Board, Red LEDsNote: Extended capability is required for arithmetic functions, simultaneous rate and total in thesame counter, phase, stopwatch, batching, and custom curve linearization.Power0 Isolated 85-264 Vac1 Isolated 12-32 Vac or 10-48 VdcRelay Output (isolated) 0 None1 Two 8A Contact Relays2 Two 120 mA Solid State Relays3 Four 8A Contact Relays4 Four 120 mA Solid State RelaysAnalog Output (isolated) 0 None1 Single isolated 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 0-10 V, -10 to +10V2 Dual isolated 4-20 mA, 0-20 mA, 0-10VDigital Interface (isolated) 0 None1 RS-2322 RS485 (dual RJ11 connectors)4 RS485 Modbus (dual RJ45 connectors)5 USB6 USB-to-RS485 converter7 Ethernet8 Ethernet-to-RS485 converterInput Type FR Dual-Channel Pulse Input Signal ConditionerAdd-on Options CBL01RJ11-to-DB9 cable. RJ11 to DB9. Connects RS232 ports of meter and PC.CBL02USB-to-DB9 adapter cable. Combination of CBL02 and CBL01 connects meterRS232 port to PC USB port.CBL03-16-wire data cable, RJ11 to RJ11, 1 ft. Used to daisy chain meters via RS485.CBL03-76-wire data cable, RJ11 to RJ11, 7 ft. Used to daisy chain meters via RS485.CBL05USB cable, A-B. Connects USB ports of meter and PC.CBL06USB to RS485 adapter cable, half duplex, RJ11 to USB. Connects meter RS485 portto PC USB port.CASE1Benchtop laboratory case for one 1/8 DIN meterCASE2Benchtop laboratory case for two 1/8 DIN metersIPC Splash-proof coverBOX1NEMA-4 EnclosureBOX2NEMA-4 enclosure plus IPCBL Blank Lens without button padsNL Meter lens without button pads or Laurel logo。
Literary-translation解读
In literary translation, however, the order of the cars - which is to say the style - can make the difference between a lively, highly readable translation and a stilted, rigid and artificial rendering that strips the original of its artistic and aesthetic essence, even its very soul.
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
“Beat it,” said the doctor on duty there, who was doing a cross word puzzle.
“We can’t tell him to beat it,” said a corporal…. “…We have to keep them under observation five days because so many of them have been dying after we make them beat it.”〔p181〕
– 跟谁?
– 水手辛伯达、裁缝廷伯达、狱卒金伯达、捕鲸者珲 伯达、制钉工人宁伯达、失败者芬伯达、掏船肚水 者宾伯达、桶匠频伯达、邮寄者明伯达、欢呼者欣 伯达、咒骂者林伯达、食菜主义者丁伯达、畏惧者 温伯达、赛马赌徒林伯德、水手兴伯达。〔译林版 《尤利西斯》卷3:160〕
Tallysman HC871E 螺旋抗干扰天线说明书
Revision:HC871EOverviewThe lightweight HC871E embedded helical antenna is designed and crafted for precision positioning and covers the GPS/QZSS-L1/L2,GLONASS-G1/G2, Galileo-E1, and BeiDou-B1 frequency bands.Weighing only 10g,the lightweight HC871E features a precision-tuned helix element that provides excellent axial ratios and operates without the requirement of a ground plane,making it ideal for a wide variety of applications, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The HC871E features an industry-leading low current,low noise amplifier (LNA)that includes an integrated low-loss pre-filter to protect against harmonic interference from high amplitude interfering signals,such as 700 MHz band LTE and other near in-band cellular signals.Tallysman’s provides an embedded helical antenna mounting ring that traps the outer edge of the circuit board to another circuit board or to any flat surface.To facilitate a successful installation and optimum antenna performance,Tallysman also provides an Embedded Helical Antenna Installation Guide.1.0About Tallysman:With global headquarters and manufacturing in Ottawa,Canada,Tallysman is a leading manufacturer of high-precision antennas and components for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)applications.Tallysman’s mission is to support the needs of a new generation of positioning systems by delivering unprecedented antenna precision at competitive prices.Learn more at Contact us:******************T: +1 613 591-3131When precision matters.®HC871E Embedded Dual-Band Helical AntennaFrequency Coverage:L1/L2/G1/G2/E1/B1ApplicationsFeaturesBenefits• Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)• Precision GNSS positioning• Precision land survey positioning • Mission -critical GNSS timing • Safety & security• Network timing & synchronization• Very low noise preamp: 2.0 dB typ.• Axial ratio: : ≤ 0.5 dB at zenith • LNA gain: 28 dB typ.• Low current: 15 mA typ.• ESD circuit protection: 15 kV• Invariant performance from: 2.2 to 16 VDC • REACH and RoHS compliant• Extremely lightweight (10 g)• Ideal for L1/L2 RTK surveying systems • Great multipath rejection • Increased system accuracy • Excellent signal -to-noise ratioL1L2L5G1G2Architecture G3Gain E1Noise Figure E5A VSWRE5B Supply Voltage Range E6Supply Current B1ESD Circuit Protection B2P 1dB Output B2a Group DelayB3L5L6SizeWeight (including O-Ring)10 g Available connectors Radome MountOperating Temperature Storage Temperature Vibration Shock Salt Fog IP Rating Part NumberCompliance Parts and LabourRevision:TechnologyDual Frequency, RHCP Quadrifilar HelixFrequency BandwithOut of Band RejectionGLONASS1.2≤ 0.51.7dBic typ. at Zenith< 1.5:1 typ. | 1.8:1 max.-- 2.2 to 12 VDC L-Band Services (1525 MHz - 1559 MHZ)--Galileo1.6IRNSS / NavIC --GNSSGainAxial RatioGPS / QZSS1.6≤ 0.51.7≤ 0.5Satellite Communications Iridium --Lower Band< 1100 MHz > 46 dB < 1190 MHz > 40 dB----15 ns @ L1 | 10ns @ L2≤ 0.51215 - 1254 MHzUpper Band≤ 0.5 2.0 dB typ.----15 mA typ.28 dB typ. | 26 dB min. --dB at Zenith< 1400 MHz > 48 dB < 1500 MHz > 39 dB > 1625 MHz > 38 dB > 1700 MHz > 57 dB1559 - 1606 MHz pre-filter → LNA --15 kV air discharge --10 dBmBeiDou1.6≤ 0.5-MCX Globalstar --OtherAxial Ratio at 10°-Efficiency-27.5 mm (dia.) x 49.6 mm (h.)1.0© 2019 Tallysman Inc. All rights reserved. Tallysman, the “When Precision Matters” tag line and the Tallysman logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Tallysman Inc. and/or its affiliates in Canada and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. The information presented is subject to change without notice. Tallysman assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions in this document. Tallysman Wireless Inc. hereby disclaims any or all warranties and liabilities of any kind.IPC-A-610, FCC, RED / CE Mark, RoHS, REACH33-HC871EPlease refer to our Ordering Guide to review available radomes and connectors at:https:///resource/tallysman-ordering-guide/One year (extended warranty available)----Tallysman compression ring-40 °C to +85 °C -50 °C to +95 °CMIL STD 810D - 2 hr per axis (X,Y,Z)QZSS--PC VariationHC871E Embedded Dual-Band Helical AntennaFrequency Coverage:L1/L2/G1/G2/E1/B1Antenna MechanicalsEnvironmentalWarranty:Ordering Information Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) -Measured at 3V and 25°CMechanical Diagram。
民航英语缩写
民航英语缩写缩写 ABBREIATION LISTAA/C air conditioning 空气调节A/G air/groundA/L autoland 自动落地A/P autopilot 自动驾驶A/S airspeed 空速A/T autothrottle自动油门, adjustment/test 调整/测试ABNORM abnormal 不正常的AC alternating current 【电】交流电ACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACCEL acceleration, accelerate 使增速ACM air cycle machine 空气循环机ADC air data computer 大气资料电脑ADF automatic direction finder 自动方位寻找器ADI attitude director indicator 姿态指示器ADP air drien pump, air drien hydraulic pump 气动液压泵AD adance 推进AFCS automatic flight control system 飞控系统AGL aboe ground leel 地标位AI anti-ice 防冰AIDS aircraft integrated data system 整合资料系统AIL aileron 副翼ALT altitude 高度ALTM altimeter 高度计ALTN alternate 交替的ALTNT alternate 交替的AMB ambient 环绕的AMM Airplane Maintenance Manual 修护手册ANN announcement 通告ANNUNC annunciator 通告器ANT antenna 天线AOA angle of attack 功角APB auxiliary power breaker 辅助的动力断电器APD approach progress display 接近行进显示APL airplane 飞机APPR approach 接近APPROX approximately 近乎APU auxiliary power unit 辅助的动力单元ARINC Aeronautical航空学的Radio Incorporated【美】有限责任的ARINC IO ARINC I/O errorARNC STP ARINC I/O UART data strip error 通用非同步收发传输器ASA autoland status annunciator 自动落地状况通告器ASP audio selector panel 音频选择面板ASYM asymmetrical 非对称的ATC air traffic control 空中交通管制ATC/DABS air traffic control/discrete address beacon system ATT attitude 姿态ATTND attendant 服务员AUTO automatic 自动装置的AUX auxiliary 辅助的AM airborne ibration monitor 空中震动监视器BB/CRS back course 回程BARO barometric 气压计的BAT battery 电池;蓄电池BFO beat扑动frequency oscillator 频率振汤器BITE built-in test equipment 装备自我测试BK brake 煞住(车)BKGRD background (干扰录音或无线电广播的)杂音BPCU bus power control unit 汇流排电力控制单元BRKR breaker 断电器BRT bright 发亮的BTB bus tie束缚breaker 汇流排联系断电器BTL bottle 瓶子CC/B circuit breaker 【电】断路器,断路开关C center 中央CADC central air data computer 中央大气资料电脑CAPT captain (飞机的)机长CB circuit breaker 【电】断路器,断路开关CCA central control actuator 中央控制致动器CCW counterclockwise 逆时针方向的CDU control display unit 控制显示器CH channel 频道CHAN channel 频道CHG change 改变CHR chronograph 记时器CHRGR charger 充电器CK check 检查CKT circuit 【电】电路;回路CL close 关闭;盖上;合上CLB climb 倾斜向上CLR clear 变乾净;变清楚CLSD closed 关闭的;封闭的;闭合的CMD command 命令CMPTR computer 电脑CNX cancelled 取消,废除;中止COL column 圆柱 (报纸的)栏,段COMM communication 通讯COMP compressor 压缩机COMPT compartment 隔间CON continuous 连续的,不断的COND condition 状态CONFG configuration 结构;表面配置CONFIG configuration 结构CONN connection 连接CONT control 控制CP control panel 控制面板CPCS cabin pressure control system 舱压控制系统CPS cycles per second 每秒循环CRS course 方向CRT cathode阴极ray射线 tube 阴极射线管CRZ cruise 巡航CSEU control system electronics unit 控制系统电子元件CT current电流transFORMer变压器CTN caution 注意CTR center 中央CU control unit 控制元件CUST customer 顾客;买主CW clockwise 顺时针方向的CWS control wheel steering掌舵DDA drift漂移angleDADC digital air data computer 数位化大气资料电脑DC direct直系的,指挥currentDEC decrease减少, decrement减少率DECEL decelerate 降低速度DECR decrease 减少DEG degree 度数DEPR depressurize 洩压; 压下DEPT departure 离开;出发DEST destination 目标, 目的地DET detector 探测器DETNT detent (机械上的)止动装置;棘爪DE deiation 误差;偏航DFDR digital flight data recorderDG directional方向的gyro回转仪罗盘DH decision决定height高度,海拔DIFF differential 依差别而定的;鉴别性的DIR direct 指挥DISC disconnect 使分离,分开,断开DISCH discharge 释放,排出(液体,气体等)DISCONT discontinued 停止,中断DISENG disengage 解开,解除;使脱离DISP dispatch 派遣DIST distance 距离;路程DK deck (船的) 舱面,甲板DME distance measuring equipment 测距仪DMU data management unit 资料管理单元DN down 向下DPCT differential protection current transFORMer【电】变压器DR door 门DSCRT IO discrete分离I/O errorDSPLY display 显示DSPY display 显示EEADI electronic attitude director indicator 数位化姿态指示器ECON economy 节约, 经济ECS enironmental control system 环控系统EDP engine drien pump, engine hydraulic pump 引擎液压泵EEC electronic engine control 引擎电控EFDARS expanded flight data acquisition and reporting systemEFI electronic flight instruments 电子化飞行仪表EFIS electronic flight instrument systemEGT exhaust gas temperature 排气尾温EHSI electronic horizontal situation indicator 水平状况方位指示器EICAS engine indicating and crew alerting system引擎状况警告指示ELEC electrical 与电有关的,电气科学的ELE eleation 高度;海拔EMER emergency 紧急情况ENG engage啮合,接合, engineENT entrance入口,门口, entryENTMT entertainment 娱乐EPC external power contactor 外电源接触器EPR engine pressure ratio 推力比EPRL engine pressure ratio limit 推力比范围EQUIP equipment 装备ERR error 错误ESS essential 必需品EAC eacuation 撤空;排泄物EBC engine ane and bleed control 引擎放气控制EXH exhaust 排出;排气EXT external 外部的EXTIN extinguish, extinguished 灭火器EXTING extinguishing 熄灭FF/D flight director 飞行引向器F/F fuel flow 燃油流量F/O first officerFAA Federal美国联邦 Aiation Administration行政机构FCC flight control computer 飞行控制电脑FCEU flight controls electronic unit 飞控电子单元FCU fuel control unit 燃油控制器FDR feeder 餵食器FIM Fault Isolation Manual 故障隔离手册FL flow 流量FL/CH flight leel changeFLD field(飞机)场,;(广阔的一大片)地(知识)领域;专业;(活动)范畴FLT flight (飞机的)班次FLUOR fluorescent 发亮的FMC flight management computer 飞行管理电脑FMS flight management system 飞行管理系统FREQ frequency 频率FRM Fault Reporting Manual 错误报告手册FSEU flap/slat electronic unit 副翼电控单元FT feet复, foot单英尺FWD forward 前面的GG/S glide slope, ground slope 下滑坡度GA go-around 重飞GB generator breaker 发电机断电器GCB generator circuit breaker 发电机断路器GCR generator control relay 发电机控制继电器GCU generator control unit 发电机控制组件GEN generator 发电机GHR ground handling relay 地面操作继电器GND ground 地面GP group 团体GPWS ground proximity warning system 地面接近警告GR gear 齿轮;传动装置; (飞机的)起落架GRD ground 地面GS ground speed 地速GSSR ground serice select relay 地面勤务选择继电器GSTR ground serice transfer relay 地面勤务转换继电器GW gross总量weight 总重HH/L high/low 高/低HDG heading 【航】航向HF high frequency 高频HORIZ horizontal 水平HP high pressure 高压HSI horizontal situation indicator 水平状况方位指示器HTR heater 加热器HYD hydraulic 液压的IIAS indicated airspeed 指示空速IDENT identification 识别;鉴定IDG integrated drie generatorIGN ignition 点火,发火;点火开关ILLUM illuminate, illuminated 被照明的;发光的ILS instrument landing system 仪降IMP imperial (度量衡)英制的IN in, input 输入INBD inboard 内侧的INC incorporated结合的, increase增大, increment增加INCR increase 增加IND indicator 指示器INFC interface 分界面INFLT inflight 飞行过程中的INHIB inhibit 抑制禁止INIT initiation 入门;开始实施INOP inoperatie 不活动的INPH interphone 对讲机INST instrument 仪器;仪表INT interphone 对讲机INTLK interlock 连结INTPH interphone 对讲机INTMT intermittent 时断时续的;周期性的IP intermediate pressure 中间的压力IRS inertial reference system 惯性参考系统IRU inertial惯性的reference unit 惯性参考组件ISLN isolation 隔离ISOL isolation 隔离ISI instantaneous瞬时的ertical speed indicator 垂直速度指示器MMCDP maintenance control display panel 修护控制显示面板MCP mode control panel 模式控制面板MCU modular模件concept观念 unitMDA minimum decision altitude 最小判断高度MIC microphone 扩音器;麦克风MIN minimum 最小量,最小数;最低限度MM Maintenance Manual 修护手册MOD module 组件;单元MON monitor 监视器;监控器MOT motion (机械的)装置,运转MPU magnetic pickup 检波器MSG message 信息MSTR master 主要的;总的MSU mode selector unit 模式选择组件MTG miles to go 英里MU management unit 管理组件MUX multiplexer 多路传输NN/A not applicable 可应用的NAC nacelle 引擎舱;气球吊篮NA naigation 导航NCD no computed data 无法计算资料NEG negatie 否定的; 反面的【电】负的,阴极的【数】负的NEUT neutral 中立的NLG nose landing gear 鼻轮起落架NO. number 数,数字NORM normal 正常的,正规的,标准的NRM normal 正常的,正规的,标准的NMEM RD non-olatile memory read error 故障读错误排除才能消除NMEM WR non-olatile memory write error 故障写错误排除才能消除O02 oxygen 氧气OBS obserer 观察员OK okay 对,很好地OPR operate 运转OPT option 选择权OPRN operation 操作OUT output 输出OUTBD outboard 外部的OHD overhead 头顶(船舱)顶板OHT overheat 过热ORD override 权力高於;优先於; 越过OXY oxygen 氧气PP/RST press to reset 压下清除故障P/S pitot皮托管(流速计);皮托静压管/static 静态的PA passenger address 客舱广播PASS passenger 旅客PCA power control actuator 电控致动器PCT percentage 百分比PDI pictorial deiation indicator 偏航图表示PES passenger entertainment娱乐systemPLA power leel anglePLT pilot (飞机等的)驾驶员,飞行员PMG permanent magnet generator 永磁发电机PNEU pneumatic 气动PNL panel 【电】配电盘;控电板POR point of regulation调节POS position, positie (电池的)阳极【数】正的PPOS present当前的出席的 positionPRESS pressure 压力PRG FLOW program flow error 流量程序错误PRIM primary 首要的,主要的PROC procedure 程序;手续;步骤PROG MEM ROM memory error 唯读记忆体错误PROJ projector 投射器PROT protection 保护,防护;PS pitot static 皮托管(流速计);皮托静压管PSI pounds per square inch 每平方寸上的压力磅数PSS passenger serice system 客服系统PSU passenger serice unit 客服组件PTT push to talk 发话PTU power transfer unit 动力传送组件PWR power 动力QQAD quick-attach-detach 快拆卸;使分离QTS quarts 一夸脱的容器QTY quantity 数量RR/T rate of turn 回转速率R/W MEM RAM memory error 随机存取记忆体错误R right 右边的RA radio altimeter, radio altitude 雷达高度RAT ram air turbine 冲压驱动RCR recieer 接受RDMI radio distance magnetic indicator 磁场距离指示REC recorder 记录器RECIRC recirculate 再循环REF reference 参考REFRIG refrigeration 冷冻REG regulator 调节器REL release 释放,解放REP representatie 代表性的,典型的REQ required 必须的RES reserve 储备RESSTART power interrupt restart error 动力中断重新起动错误RE reerse 倒退,使倒转RF right front 右前RH right hand 右手RLSE release 释放,解放RLY relay 【电】继电器RLY/SW relay/switchRMI radio magnetic indicator 磁场方位指示RMT OUT high-speed ARINC output error 汇流排输出错误RN right noseROT rotation 旋转RPM reolutions循环,(一)周期回转,旋转per minuteRPTG reporting 报导RR right rear 後方RST reset 重新设定RTO rejected丢弃takeoff起飞RUD rudder (飞机的)方向舵RW right wing 右翼RWY runway (机场的)跑道SSAM stabilizer trim/eleator asymmetry limit module尾舵飞操组件SAT static air temperature 静压空气温度SEC second 第二次SEI standby engine indicator 紧急直接引擎指示SEL select 选择SELCAL selectie calling 飞航呼叫SER serice 服务SG signal generator 信号产生器SLCTD selected 选择SLCTR selector 选择器SO shut off ale 关断阀SP speed 速度SPD speed 速度SPD BK speed brake 速煞SQL squelch 压扁SSB single side bandSTA station 驻地(各种机构的)站,所,STAB stabilizer 安定装置;安定翼STBY standby 备用STS system status 系统状况SURF surface 表面SW switch 开关SWITCH IN switch input errorSYNC synchronous 同步的SYS system 系统SYST system 系统TT/R thrust reverser 反推力器T.O. takeoff 起飞TACH tachometer 转速计TAI thermal热的anti-iceTAS true airspeed 真空速TAT total air temperature 总温TCC turbine case cooling 涡轮(机)冷却TE trailing edge 後缘(飞机的)襟翼,阻力板TEMP temperature 温度,气温TFR transfer 转换THR thrust 推力THROT throttle 节流阀THRSH threshold 门槛THRT thrust 推力THRU through 穿过;通过遍及,在...各处;在...之间,在...之中TIE bus tie系,拴,捆,扎汇流排联系TLA thrust leer angle 推力杆角度TMC thrust management computer 推力管理电脑TMS thrust management system 推力管理系统TMSP thrust mode select panel 推力选择面板TO TO/takeoff 起飞TOL tolerance 【机】公差,容限TR transFORMer【电】变压器 rectifier【电】整流器TRP thrust rating panel 推力等级面板TUNE tuner (频率))调整器;【无】调谐器TURB turbine 涡轮(机)TURBL turbulent, turbulence【气】湍流;(气体等的)紊流UUBR utility有多种用途的;通用的bus relay 汇流排继电器UPR upperUSB upper side band 【机】传送带 (无线电的)波段,频带/NA vertical navigation 【经】纵向联合的导航/S vertical speed 垂直的速率ERT vertical 垂直的ERT SPD vertical speed 垂直的速率FY erify 验证G vertical gyro 垂直回转仪罗盘HF very high frequency 超高频无线电IB ibration 震动LD alid 合法的;有效的L ale 【机】阀,活门OL olume 量;额OLT oltage 电压;伏特数OR HF omni range receier 方向无线识标OX voice 声音TR video tape reproducer (录音,录影的)播放装置WW/D wiring线路diagram图解W/W wheel well 轮舱WARN warning 警告;警报WG wing 机翼WHL wheel 轮子 ; 变换方向WHLS wheels 车轮WPT waypoint 位子点WSHLD windshield 挡风玻璃WX weather 天气WXR weather 气象雷达XX-CH cross channel 交叉频道X-CHAN cross channel 交叉频道XDCR transducer 变换器XMISSION transmission 传送XMIT transmit 发射XMTR transmitter 发射机XPNDR transponder 询答机YY/D yaw damper 阻尼器。
2x2和2x4型号LED设备说明书
Consult installation guide for exact dimensions.CEILING CUTOUT SIZE A B C D E F 2X223 3/4”23 3/4” 4 1/8”22 1/2”22 7/8”22 7/8”2X447 3/4”23 3/4”4 1/8”46 1/2”46 3/4”22 7/8”ATOP VIEW7/8” WIRING ACCESSEDCROSS SECTIONCBFHousingPrecision die formed and welded housing with specified material (see product ordering key).MountingFlange installation is supported by swing style mounting brackets. Grid installation suitable for 1” and 1.5” T-Bar ceilings.Door FrameSingle piece precision die formed with specified material (see product ordering key). Corners are TIG welded. Tamper resistant TORX® Head with center pin fasteners secure door frame to housing.LEDAvailable in two standard colour temperatures 3500K and 4000K.LensMultiple lens choices available (see product key for options). Lens sealed to door frame with continuous retention system and supported with stainless steel aircraft cables.FinishPolyester powder painted white finish features a high reflectivity coating for improved performance and efficiency.ElectricalLong life LED’s coupled with high efficiency drivers provide quality illumination. Rated to deliver an L80 performance >50,000 hours. The standard driver has a THD of <10%. Standard low-voltage dimming (0-10v). All electrical components are CSA or UL approved. A ½” EMT hole is provided for wiring connections.Warranty5 year limited warranty. For complete warranty terms visit:/assets/Viscor_LED_Warranty.pdfDimensionsApprovalsApproved CSA and UL Standards. UL listed for insulated ceilings, wet locations.ICRATEDProduct DescriptionThe VRU series by Certolux is a vandal resistant IC-rated specification grade recessed luminaire for grid or flange applications. The luminaire features tamper resistant fasteners to protect from unauthorized fixture penetration and security lenses to maximize impact resistance.Features• SPEEDShip in 5 days (limited quantity of 25 units)Features Options• IP65 RatingOrder KeyEXAMPLE: VRUI2X2A/ALED840K055LUNV-P13/P45PhotometricCRI8 - (80-89)8A AVoltageUNV - 120-277V347 - 347VCCT35K - 3500 K40K - 4000 KSize NominalLumens Watts 2x25500532x45500477000611000082LEDVRUSeriesSize(Width xLength)2x22x4 Door StyleI - InsetO - OverlappingDoorGaugeA - 18 Ga. CRS - PaintedHousingGaugeA - 18 Ga. CRS - PaintedInternal/ExternalLensP13 - .125 Prismatic AcrylicP45 - .125 Clear Polycarbonate/-/NominalLumens055L - 5500lm070L - 7000lm100L - 10000lm2x42x2VRUI-2X2-LED840K055LUNV-P82P08IES File:VRUI-2X2-LED840K055LUNV-P82P08Lumens:5569Wattage:52Efficacy:1070°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°90200 cd 400 cd 600 cd 800 cd 1000 cd 1200 cd 1400 cd 1600 cd 1800 cd 2000 cd 2200 cd 2400 cdZonal Lumen SummaryZone Lumens%Lamp0.0° - 30.0°1723-43,083.6%30.9%0.0° - 40.0°2764-69,091.0%49.6%0.0° - 60.0°4646-116,155.7%83.4%0.0° - 90.0°5569-139,225.4%100.0%Average Luminance Table (cd/m2)CP Summary0.00°45.00°90.00°0.00°63646364636445.00°52025147523255.00°46644579468165.00°39103791391575.00°26592559278085.00°79711701738Coefficients of Utilizationρc80%70%50%ρw70%50%30%70%50%30%70%50%30%0119119119116116116111111111111010510110710399102999621009386989185938782392827489807385777148473658272647869625786557766456726255672595070585067564976754456553456251448624941614841584740958453757453754443610554234534134514033Effective Floor Cavity Reflectance: 20%P13P45OptionsApproval OptionsX8 IP65 RatingOther options may be available, consult factory.Specifications and data subject to change without notice.。
飞行英语
ANN announcement 通告
ANNUNC annunciator 通告器
ANT antenna 天线
AOA angle of attack 功角
APB auxiliary power breaker 辅助的动力断电器
APD approach progress display 亲近前进显示
COMM communication 通信
COMP compressor 紧缩机
COMPT compartment 隔间
CON continuous 持续的,一直的
COND condition 状况
CONFG configuration 构造;名义配置
DMU data management unit 资料管理单元
DN down 向下
DPCT differential protection current transFORMer【电】变压器
DR door 门
DSCRT IO discrete分离I/O error
ABNORM abnormal 不畸形的
AC alternating current 【电】交换电
ACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System
ACCEL acceleration, accelerate 使增速
ADV advance 推动
AFCS automatic flight control system 飞控系统
AGL above ground level 地标位
AI anti-ice 防冰
AIDS aircraft integrated data system 整合材料系统
RANGER-LR LITE 长距离激光雷达系统说明书
APPLICATIONSGENERAL MAPPING CONSTRUCTION SITE SURVEYINGAGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MONITORINGUTILITIES MAPPINGOIL & GAS SURVEYINGRAILWAY TRACK MAPPINGOPEN PIT MINING OPERATIONSQUICK SPECSABSOLUTE ACCURACY1.5 - 3.0 cm RMSEz @ 120 m Range (1)(2)(4)INTRASWATH PRECISION2 cm RMSDz @ 120 m (1)(2)(3)PP ATTITUDE HEADING RMS ERROR0.022° / 0.006° IMU optionsWEIGHT4.15 kg / 9.15 lbs.DIMENSIONS23.5 x 18.0 x 18.7 mmLASER RANGE1,000m @ 20% reflectivity, 50kHzSCAN RATE1,500k shots/s, up to 5 returnsRANGER-LR LITE The RANGER-LR LITE is the new lighter Long Range system confi gura-tion of our RANGER Series. Designed for the most demanding mapping applications, the RANGER-LR LITE is the ultimate combination of high density, long range LiDAR with a powerful 1,550 nm laser and up to 15 returns that penetrate dense vegetation at high speeds and altitudes in large scan regions. This system is available UAV, manned aircraft, mobile, VTOL and backpack confi gurations.FEATURES H igh versitlity payload designed with fl exible mounting options S urvey-grade (cm-level) accuracy with outstanding range capabilities for high altitude and high speed missions I maging Upgrades: High-Res RGB, Thermal, Hyperspectral, and Panoramic cameras.PLATFORM OVERALL DIMENSIONS (Sensor)32.9 x 16.3 x 17.9 cm OPERATING VOLTAGE 12 - 28 V POWER CONSUMPTION 90 W OPERATING TEMPERATURE -10° - +40° C WEIGHT (including Nav Box) 4.15 kg / 9.15 lbs.LIDAR SENSOR LASER PROPERTIES 1550 nm Class 1 (eye safe)RANGE MIN 1.5m at 1 MHz PRR RANGE MAX 1,000 m at 20% reflectivity, 50 kHz PRR MAX EFFECTIVE MEASUREMENT RATE 1,500,000 shots/s HORIZONTAL FIELD OF VIEW 360°ACCURACY 15 mm one Signma @ 150 m SENSOR CLASSIFICATION IP64WEIGHT 3.5 kg w/o fan POWER CONSUMPTION 90 W NAVIGATION SYSTEM CONSTELLATION SUPPORT GPS + GLONASS + BEIDOU + GALILEO SUPPORT ALIGNMENT Static, Kinematic, Dual-Antenna OPERATION MODES Real-time, Post-processing optional ACCURACY POSITION 1 cm + 1 ppm RMS horizontal PP ATTITUDE HEADING RMS ERROR 0.022° to 0.006° IMU options inside BACKPACK HELIVEHICLE UAV VTOL (1) Approximate values based on PLS test condition. (2) Using a 90° downward fi eld of view. (3) Range of elevation values on fl at surfaces with >20% refl ectivity at the laser’s wavelength.(4) E xpected RMSEz when following the PLS recommended acquisition & processing workfl ow and ASPRS check point guidelines.COMPATIBLERANGER-LR LITE DIMENSIONS 235 mmRANGER-LR LITE ACCESSORIESPRR = 600kHz PRR = 1500kHzMAX MEASUREMENT RANGE & POINT DENSITY RANGER-LR LITERANGE-LR LITE MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCELaser Pulse RepetitionRate PRR 1) 5)50 kHz 200 kHz 400 kHz 600 kHz 800 kHz 1200 kHz 1500 kHzMax. Measuring Range 3) 4)natural targets ρ ≥ 20%natural targets ρ ≥ 60%natural targets ρ ≥ 80%1000 m 1630 m 1845 m 600 m 1000 m 1140 m 435 m 730 m 830 m 355 m 600 m 690 m 310 m 525 m 600 m 255 m 435m 500 m 230 m390 m445 mMax. Operating FlightAltitude AGL 2) 5)@ ρ ≥ 20%@ ρ ≥ 60%640 m (2110 ft)1050 m (3440 ft)390 m (1270 ft)640 m (2110 ft)280 m (920 ft)470 m (1540 ft)230 m (750 ft)390 m (1270 ft)200 m (650 ft)340 m (1100 ft)160 m (540 ft)280 m (920 ft)150 m(490 ft)250 m(820 ft)Max. Number of Targets per Pulse 6)1515151511751) Rounded values.2) Setting of intermediate PRR values possible.3) T ypical values for average conditions. Maximum range is specifi ed for fl at targets with size in excess of the laser beam diameter, perpendicularangle of incidence, and for atmospheric visibility of 23 km. In bright sunlight, the max range is shorter than under overcast sky.4) Ambiguity to be resolved by post-processing with RIUNITE software.5) Flat terrain assumed, scan angle ± 45° FOV.6) If more than one target is hit, the total laser transmitter power is split and, accordingly, the achievable range is reduced.EXPLORE A PHOENIX LiDAR SYSTEM FOR YOUR TEAM, CONTACT US! |**********************| USA +1.323.577.3366P o i n t D e n si t y(p oi n ts /m )20406040206080100Speed (knots)0spacing point to point = spacing line to line spacing point to point ≠s pacing line to line F li g h tA l t i t u d e A GL Swath Width FOV 90°Flight Altitude AGL 500 ft (152 m)600 ft (183 m)700 ft (213 m)800 ft (244 m)Swath Width 1,000 ft (305 m)1,200 ft (366 m)1,400 ft (427 m)1,600 ft (488 m)500 ft 600 f t 700 f t 800 f t P o i ntDe n s it y(p o ints /m )20010030050040030102040506070Speed (knots)spacing point to point = spacing line to linespacing point to point ≠s pacing line to line F l ig h t Al t i t u d e A G L Swath Width FOV 90°Flight Altitude AGL 300 ft (91 m)400 ft (122 m)500 ft (152 m)600 ft (183 m)Swath Width600 ft (183 m)800 ft (244 m)1,000 ft (305 m)1,200 ft (366 m)300 ft 400 f t 500 f t 60ft26.75 mm 180 mm 187 mm IXM100A6KLiteEXAMPLE Ranger-LRat 1,500k pulses/sec Flying height AGL = 122 m, speec 6 m/sec (19 knots)RESULTS Point Density ~ 150 pts/mEXAMPLE Ranger-LR at 600k pulses/sec. Range to target = 150 m, speed 60 kn RESULTS Point Density ~ 16 pts/m 2022-02-01360° Mobile Camera。
A 10-Gb_s two-dimensional eye-opening monitor in 0.13-μm standard CMOS
A 10-Gb/s Two-Dimensional Eye-Opening Monitor in 0.13- m Standard CMOSBehnam Analui ,Associate Member,IEEE ,Alexander Rylyakov,Sergey Rylov,Mounir Meghelli,andAli Hajimiri ,Member,IEEEAbstract—An eye-opening monitor (EOM)architecture that can capture a two-dimensional (2-D)map of the eye diagram of a high-speed data signal has been developed.Two single-quadrant phase rotators and one digital-to-analog converter (DAC)are used to gen-erate rectangular masks with variable sizes and aspect ratios.Each mask is overlapped with the received eye diagram and the number of signal transitions inside the mask is recorded as error.The com-bination of rectangular masks with the same error creates error contours that overall provide a 2-D map of the eye.The authors have implemented a prototype circuit in0.13-m standard CMOS technology that operates up to 12.5Gb/s at 1.2-V supply.The EOM maps the input eye to a 2-D error diagram with up to 68-dB mask error dynamic range.The left and right halves of the eyes are moni-tored separately to capture horizontally asymmetric eyes.The chip consumes 330mW and operates reliably with supply voltages as low as 1V at 10Gb/s.The authors also present a detailed analysis that verifies if the measurements are in good agreement with the expected results.Index Terms—Bit error rate,CMOS,eye diagram,eye monitor,eye-opening monitor,high speed,mask error rate,signal quality.I.I NTRODUCTIONTHE signal quality in various types of high-speed wire-line communication systems such as chip-to-chip inter-connects,backplane transceivers,and fiber optic transmission is degraded by jitter and the intersymbol interference (ISI)im-posed by the channel.A transversal filter can be inserted in the link front-end to compensate for the channel response and im-prove the quality of the received signal [1],[2].For example,Wu et al.[3],[4]and Reynolds et al.[5]have demonstrated sig-nificant bit error rate (BER)reduction by using transversal filter equalizers in the high-speed front-end of multimode fiber links.When the channel response is initially unknown or if it may vary over time,an adaptive equalizer is used in which the transversal filter coefficients are adjusted automatically and continuously to track channel response variations.Since the adaptation is an iter-ative process,a feedback mechanism is required to measure and report the signal quality at the equalizer output.An eye-openingManuscript received April 11,2005;revised July 25,2005.This work was supported by Caltech’s Lee Center for Advanced Networking and the National Science Foundation.B.Analui was with the California Institute of Technology,Pasadena,CA 91125USA.He is now with Luxtera Inc.,Carlsbad,CA 92008USA (e-mail:behnam@).A.Rylyakov,S.Rylov,and M.Meghelli are with the IBM T.J.Watson Re-search Center,Yorktown Heights,NY 10598USA (e-mail:sasha@;sergeyr@;meghelli@).A.Hajimiri is with the California Institute of Technology,Pasadena,CA 91125USA (e-mail:hajimiri@).Digital Object Identifier10.1109/JSSC.2005.856576Fig.1.Adaptive transversal filter equalizer with an EOM.monitor (EOM)is a circuit block that reports a quantitative mea-sure of the quality of the signal eye diagram (eye pattern)and thus can be used as such feedback.Fig.1shows the block diagram of a transversal filter adaptive equalizer that uses an EOM circuit.The EOM evaluates signal quality by making periodic observations of the filter output and provides information about the filter performance to an optimization algorithm.The algorithm updates all of the filter coefficients accordingly.This architecture is desirable if the transversal filter is implemented using broadband passive delay lines,i.e.,LC networks [3]–[5]or active delay elements [6].At multigigabit per second data rates,the passive or active delay cells become more sensitive to on-chip parasitic components.In contrast to conventional least mean square (LMS)adaptive equalization,when an EOM-based adaptive equalizer is used,the nodes of the delay cells of the filter are not loaded by ad-ditional hardware for adaptation circuitry.Therefore,the filter can be designed as a separate module and its response remains intact.The other advantage of the EOM-based architecture is that coefficient optimization is only based on the filter output and is independent of the receiver decision on the symbols.This is especially beneficial in links where training sequences are not used for adaptation and most decisions are erroneous at the startup when BER is high.The EOM can also be utilized as a standalone measurement system to verify the quality of the eye.The received signal quality in a communication link and the shape of its eye diagram (eye pattern)are strongly correlated [1],[2].Therefore,eye diagram monitoring has been proposed as a0018-9200/$20.00©2005IEEEtechnique for extracting information about the received signal [7]–[10]and is used in various applications including adaptive equalizers.George [11]and Hogge [12]both introduced an eye monitor hardware that is used as a pseudo-error detector [7],[13]for rapid estimation of low BER.The estimation is based on evaluating the eye diagrams by comparing them against a fixed rectangular eye-opening mask.Shin et al.[14]use an eye monitor to perform a pass/fail test on fiber optic channels.They use two reference levels overlapped with the eye diagram and count the instances that a signal sample is between the refer-ence levels at the sampling time.If the number is more than a given threshold,the channel has failed and another standby fiber channel is selected.Various signal performance monitors have been proposed [15]–[18]to adaptively adjust the decision threshold level of the receiver.For instance,in [16]and [17],the approach is to fit a rectangular mask to the eye and to adaptively adjust its height to keep the number of eye traces occurring inside the mask constant.The traces above and below threshold (representing “1”and “0”bits)are counted separately to capture unbalanced eye shapes.The threshold is set to the center of the rectangular mask.In [17],a separate automatic phase aligner is also included that optimizes the phase of the retiming clock.Eye-opening monitor circuits have also been utilized as part of adaptive equalizers [19]–[27]mainly to mitigate various dis-persion issues in optical fibers.In [22],the eye monitor esti-mates the vertical eye opening at the sampling point.The re-ceiver includes a path parallel to the main path that embraces a decision circuit with variable decision threshold.The threshold is varied to sweep the eye vertically.The decision of the two paths is compared and an error is recorded if they differ.When the error is integrated over time for various thresholds,the eye vertical opening for a given error rate can be estimated from the separation of the thresholds that resulted in that error rate.Eller-meyer et al.suggest a circuit for estimating the horizontal eye opening of the input signal [20],[21].A rectangular mask with fixed height is overlapped with the input eye.The width of the mask is increased as long as eye traces does not occur inside it and is decreased otherwise.In steady state,the mask width in-dicates the horizontal eye opening.In this work,the authors propose an EOM circuit architecture that has the unique feature of mapping both the vertical (ampli-tude)and the horizontal (temporal)opening of the received eye to a two-dimensional (2-D)error diagram [28].The error dia-gram is directly correlated to the eye opening in both dimen-sions and is essentially the captured image of the signal eye di-agram.The output error rate is recorded with a digital counter as opposed to an accumulated or integrated format.This is ad-vantageous when the eye monitor is in a feedback loop with a microcontroller that runs the optimization algorithm because error is recorded in finer resolution and potentially has larger dynamic range.The authors have implemented a prototype of this 2-D EOM circuit in0.13-m standard CMOS technology.They have veri fied its operation up to 12.5Gb/s.At 10Gb/s,the error dynamic range is 68dB.The EOM is not bounded by any architectural limitation at lower data rates.The total power con-sumption of the circuit is about 330mW,which is signi ficantly lower than prior work that does not offer concurrent measure-ment of the horizontal and vertical eyeopening.Fig.2.MER varies for different mask shapes in a given eyediagram.Fig.3.Effective eye opening formed by combining the mask areas that have the same MER.The rest of this paper is organized as follows.First,the op-eration principle of the EOM is discussed in Section II.Then,the designed architecture and its circuit details are presented in Sections III and IV .Finally,the experimental techniques for ver-ifying the operation of the prototype and the measurement re-sults are described in Section V .II.EOM P RINCIPLE OF O PERATIONThe EOM characterizes the opening of an eye diagram by an eye mask.The eye is overlapped by several rectangular masks with various sizes and aspect ratios.Any eye trace,i.e.,data tran-sition,that passes inside a mask is counted as an error.A mask error rate (MER)can be de fined as the number of data transi-tions that fall inside a given mask normalized by the total tran-sitions during the same time period.Fig.2illustrates an example where MER is obtained for three different masks in a given eye diagram.Any given mask is associated with an MER that in-creases as the quality of the monitored eye degrades.The hori-zontal and vertical opening of an eye can be determined from the mask size for a speci fic MER.Moreover,different eye diagrams can be quantitatively compared by comparing their associated mask sizes at a given MER.Simply,the eye that can fit a larger mask for the given MER is more desirable.We will discuss the advantages of recording MER,in contrast to the conventional BER,in Section V-F.A signi ficant feature of a 2-D eye-opening monitor is that it can capture eye diagram shapes with irregular and nonrectan-gular openings that are common in high-speed links.In such a case,rectangular mask shape might not be the optimum choice for comparing eye openings because nonzero rise and fall times of data transitions constitute a large portion of the bit period and form rounded diamond eye opening.A 2-D EOM can generate rectangular masks of different size in both horizontal and ver-tical dimensions.For a given eye diagram,a group of masks with different aspect ratio can have the same MER.Fig.3demon-strates an example of a typical eye diagram shape overlappedANALUI et al.:10-Gb/s 2-D EYE-OPENING MONITOR IN 0.13-m STANDARD CMOS2691bination of effective eye openings is a 2-D error map that is correlated to the shape of the eyediagram.Fig.5.Operation principle of the EOM for one mask.with three masks.All the masks result inMER .The com-bined area inside the eye that covers all the masks with the same MER is de fined as the effective eye opening at that MER.This effective eye opening is not necessarily rectangular and contains more realistic information about the shape of the eye.The EOM architecture in this design can measure the effective eye opening for different MER values.The aggregate of effective eye open-ings is a 2-D error map that covers the eye diagram completely and is a representation of the shape of the eye as Fig.4illustrates hypothetically.The MER for a given mask is found from counting the er-rors,i.e.,the number of data transitions that cross either of the two vertical sides of the mask.The operation is demonstratedin Fig.5.Two referencevoltages,and ,de fine the ver-tical opening of the mask,and two phases of the samplingclock,and ,determine its horizontal opening.Data are con-tinuously comparedwithand ,and these results are sam-pled at both early and late phases.At each phase,if the sam-pled values differ,a mask violation has occurred and an error isflagged.The error detection logic iserror,whereand are sampled comparison results for either of the phases,i.e.,either side of the mask,and the operator is XOR .The timing diagram in Fig.5illustrates one violation for each side of themask.If the errors on the left(from)and right(from )sides of the mask are counted separately,horizontally asymmet-rical eye diagrams can be captured effectively.We have added this capability to the architecture by providing two independent error detector blocks for two sides of the mask.III.EOM A RCHITECTUREFig.6shows the proposed architecture of the EOM cir-cuit.Differential input data are compared with differential reference levels in two comparators.The lower comparatorreference is generated byswappingand [20],[29].The reference levels can be adjusted either through an on-chip digital-to-analog converter (DAC)or externally.The DACsetsand ,where isthe input common modeand.Every positive edge on next_ref triggers a reference-set shift register thatincreases by one.The eighth edgeresets to 1.The stepsize is adjustable externally.The comparators ’outputs are sampled at both early and late phases by the D-flip-flops (DFFs)that follow the comparators.The sampling clocks are half-rate and thus each DFF block consists of two master –slave DFFs to sample at both rising and falling edges of the clocks.This avoids skipping any data transitions.The samples from early and late phases are processed separately in two independent logic blocks.From discussions in Section II,this allows the EOM to differentiate data transitions that cross the left of the eye mask from those that cross the right side,and enables it to capture asymmetrical eye diagrams.In our prototype implementation,we have com-bined the early and late errors to only one error_out signal due to test equipment limitations.However,asymmetric eye shapes can still be captured by triggering the early or late sampling phases one at a time.The reference levels are constrained to be symmetric around the input common mode.Thus,vertical asymmetries in the eye cannot be measured.In each logic block for early or late phases,the errors due to rising and falling edge samples are detected,retimed,and merged.The errors are detected for the edges separately by in-dependent XOR gates.Then,the error signals from the falling sampling edge are resampled at the next rising edge to align the two error signals in time.Then,they are merged by a logic OR function.The merged error signal is divided down by a factor of 16using current-mode logic (CML).This allows the use of low-power CMOS logic for the dividers in the subsequentstages.Finally,the two error signals fromtheand are retimed by the early sampling phase and are combined.The error output passes through a digital divider with four selectable divide ratios.A larger divide ratio is selected in order to measure cases with high error counts.The chip output,error_out signal,is a toggling output.MER for a fixed mask size can be calcu-lated from the frequency of error_outsignal,,asMERBR(1)whereis the total divide ratio in the chain and BR is the input bit rate.A separate divider chain is used to divide the latesamplingclockby 512.The output is used to monitor clock divider and phase rotator functionality,and is also applied as a trigger signal during the chip test and characterization.The sampling clocks are generated from an external full-rate clock that is divided by two with an on-chip divider to createhalf-rateandphases.Two single-quadrant phase rotators interpolatebetweenand tocreateand ,respec-tively.Therefore,the output phase of each rotator covers a range of 90or half of the bit period as can be seen from the timing chart in Fig.7.Each rotator has 15thermometer-encoded con-trol lines that set the phase interpolation weights and results in a phase step of 6.The control line values for each rotator are determined by a phase-set shift register.The trigger signals of2692IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS,VOL.40,NO.12,DECEMBER2005Fig.6.EOMarchitecture.Fig.7.Generation ofandby phase interpolation.the shift registers that increment the control linesforandarenext_andnext_,respectively.When both control lines are set tozero,and have the same phaseas and overlap in the center of the eye.Every positive edgeonnext_moves one step to the left.Similarly,every positive edge on thenext_moves one step to the right.The 16th positive edge on eithernext_ornext_auto-matically resets the phase to thecenterposition.By separately stepping thenext_,next_,and next_ref trigger signals,the architecture provides three degrees of freedom for obtaining several rectangular mask sizes in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.Seven settings for the differential reference voltage DAC and 15for each phase rotator provide 210different masks.The number of masks can be increased by applying reference voltages externally with a smaller step size.The MER increases as the mask size expands in either dimension.The EOM can be utilized in two ways.Mask expansion can be stopped at a threshold MER toreportFig.8.Differential comparator circuit.the eye opening or all masks can be swept to capture the full error map that represents the effective shape of the eye diagram.IV .C IRCUIT I MPLEMENTATIONThe comparator circuits use a two-stage differential topology followed by a CML buffer,as shown in Fig.8.The first stage consists of two parallel source-coupled pairs [29].The overall output of the stageis(2)which can be rewrittenas(3)The latter is the desired output for a differential comparator withdifferential reference voltage.Theparametersand in both (2)and (3)are,respectively,the transconductance of one MOS transistor and the load resistor.Since the referencevoltagesand are stepped such that all the input swing range is covered by the vertical mask opening,each source-coupled pair must tol-erate a wide range of common-mode input and thus needs a large common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).The second stage is also added to enhance the CMRR of the comparator and to increaseANALUI et al.:10-Gb/s 2-D EYE-OPENING MONITOR IN 0.13-m STANDARD CMOS2693Fig.9.Phase interpolator and phase-set register.its sensitivity.The sensitivity of a single-ended comparator is de fined as the minimum required amplitude at the input port that makes the output swing to the top rail.The tail current de-vices are designed longer than the minimum feature size to im-prove their output impedance and further enhance CMRR.The comparator is optimized to achieve maximum gain bandwidth product.This maximizes the comparators ’sensitivity and thus minimizes the degradation of the input eye diagram shape due to EOM nonidealities.We will discuss the impact of EOM non-idealities on the eye opening in Section V .The comparator ’s offset is another limitation that affects the EOM operation by shifting the rectangular mask vertically.The input offset for each input source-coupled pair can be modeledby a shift ineitheror in (2).Equivalently,the overall offset can be modeled as a constant term on the right-hand side of (3).In the absence of offset,comparator maximum sensitivityiswhenand both are equal to the input common mode,because then the second term on the right-hand side of (3)is zero.With offset,maximum sensitivity iswhenequals the amount of the offset.This interpretation is used to de-embed the offset impact on MER measurements,as will be shown in Section V .In the implementation of the prototype,we minimized offset by careful layout techniques to increase matching between transistors.We also avoided usinglow-(MOS threshold voltage)devices for the input stage transistors of the comparator due to theirpoor matching property.Monte Carlo simulation of the comparator shows a mean output offset voltage of 6.4mV with worst case value of 25mV .A CML buffer follows the second stage of the comparator to convert the output swing to proper levels for CML DFF blocks in the subsequent stages.DFFs use a standard master –slave topology with conventional CML latches and resistive loads.The clock divider is a static divider based on similar CML latches.We usedlow-transistors in the latch circuit to enhance the latch switching speed.The phase rotator circuit consists of a phase interpolator and a phase-set register that adjusts the proper interpolation weight.The phase interpolator is formed by two parallel differential stages,as Fig.9shows.The differential input of each stage is connected to one of the two input phases.By properly adjusting the differential controllines–,the tail current is steered between the two stages to set the input phase weights and ob-tain the desired interpolated phase.To generate uniformphaseFig.10.Simulated phase interpolator transfer function for different bandwidths.steps and thus uniformly sweep the mask horizontal opening,the transfer characteristic of the phase interpolator,i.e.,the relationship between output phase and input weight,should be linear.The characteristic can be controlled by the input signal transition slope and the bandwidth of the interpolator.Fig.10illustrates the transfer function for three different bandwidths that is achieved by generalizing the approach in [30].The phase interpolator is modeled by a band-limited system that performs a weighted sum operation on two input signals.Although a smaller bandwidth linearizes the transfer function,it causes increased jitter because it reduces the output signal transition slope and thus creates more timing uncertainty due to amplitude fluctuation at the signal threshold crossing point.The reference-set register for the DAC,the phase-set registers for the phase rotators,and all the back-end dividers and error combiner are implemented using CMOS standard cells in the technology to achieve lower power consumption.V .E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTSThe EOM circuit was implemented in a0.13-m standard CMOS technology.The die photograph and the layout of the active core are shown in Fig.11.The chip is designed for a cus-tomized pad frame that enabled us to perform on wafer testing.As a result,the die size is bounded to the pad frame andismm .However,the active area of the EOM circuit thatis highlighted on the die photograph isonlym .Wafer measurements at up to 12.5Gb/s input data rate with a2694IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS,VOL.40,NO.12,DECEMBER2005Fig.11.Die photograph of the EOM with magni fied activecore.Fig.12.Measurement setup.2pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS)source and 1.2-V power supply showed successful error diagram measurement.Tested input amplitude was from 50to 400mVp.The chip con-sumes about 275mA from a 1.2-V supply.It is functional at 10Gb/s with supply voltage as low as 1V .It operates reliably even at severe input conditions when a closed eye with 10BER is applied to the input.In the following,we elaborate on the test setup and experimental results.A.Test SetupThe block diagram of our test setup is shown in Fig.12.A PRBS source provides the data and clock for wide range of data rates up to 12.5Gb/s.The data source has an additional port that controls the amount of jitter added to the data arti ficially.Although the full rate clock phase is primarily phase-locked to data when applied to the EOM,the on-chip path difference does not preserve the phase relationship.In our measurements,we compensated the path delay mismatch by an external delay line.We adjusted the external delay to minimize the MER for the minimum size mask to guarantee that the mask is centered with respect to the eye.In the adaptive equalizer loop,this calibration can be done once at start up,as the delay mismatch is a system-atic effect.In addition,two external delay lines were used at the input path to compensate external cable mismatches and insure 180phase difference between differentialinputs.Fig.13.Accumulated phase of the clock_out signal that veri fies the functionality of the divider and phase rotator with a 10-GHz input clock.The trigger signals fornext_andnext_are applied externally to step horizontal opening of the mask.Similarly,vertical opening is controlled byvaryingand externally.A frequency counter records the average frequency of the error_out signal,from which MER can be calculated using (1).B.Clock PathWe first tested the functionality of the divider and the phase rotators by observing the clock_out output signal on the oscil-loscope.Fig.13shows the accumulated phases of the clock_out when a 10-GHz clock is applied to the clock input.We triggerthenext_signal by applying a 3-MHz square wave pulse.Although standard cell CMOS dividers slow down the clock transition,the accumulated phases correctly cover 50ps,which is equivalent to half of the bit period of a 10-Gb/s signal.ANALUI et al.:10-Gb/s2-D EYE-OPENING MONITOR IN 0.13-m STANDARD CMOS2695Fig.14.Qualitative eye-opening measurement.(a)10-Gb/s input eye diagram.(b)The error_out signal demonstrates an error-free region.(c)Magnified error_out signal shows MER increase for wider mask.C.Qualitative Eye-Opening MeasurementThe objective of this test is to verify the functionality of the main blocks in the data path of the EOM.We apply a10-Gb/s PRBS input signal and add41-ps peak-to-peak sinusoidal jitter (SJ)to it to degrade the eye quality,as shown in Fig.14(a).Thenext_andnext_signals are stepped simultane-ously.The vertical opening of the mask is constant and is set to 120mV with external references.Fig.14(b)shows the measured error_out signal.There is an error-free region(no toggle)for asmall mask opening that corresponds towhenandare close to their initial position in the center of the eye.But as the trigger signals step the sampling phases toward the edges of the eye and thus the mask gets wider,the error frequency gradually increases.This can be seen in Fig.14(c),which is the magnified error_out signal around regions with error and shows the frequency of error_out signal increases after each positive trigger edge.The periodic behavior of the error_out signal is due to the self-resetting mechanism of the phases.D.Eye-Opening Measurement VariationsUltimately,the EOM will be used in an adaptive equalizer as shown in Fig.1.In such setting,the EOM output should track variations of the eye opening and provide a correct gra-dient to assist the optimization algorithm in adjusting thefilter coefficients.We verified the behavior of the EOM in this sce-nario by measuring the eye opening when various amounts of peak-to-peak SJ are added to the10-Gb/s2PRBS input. The vertical opening of the mask is constant.Fig.15shows the measurement result with three sample input eye diagrams that demonstrate gradual closing of the eye.As expected,the mea-sured eye opening monotonically decreases as additional jitter closes the eye.At low input jitter,the transition from small to large measured MER is abrupt and thus the plot loses accuracy, because the resolution of horizontal eye-opening step becomes comparable to the peak-to-peak input jitter.Therefore,when the sampling clocks approach the data edge,one horizontal opening step can increase the number of transitions falling inside the mask from zero to all transitions.plete System TestThis experiment demonstrates the EOM capability in gener-ating the2-D error diagram that corresponds to the input eye shape.A pair of5-ft coaxial cables was used to add ISI to the input data.A computer program controls a pulse generator and two external power sources through a general-purpose interface bus(GPIB)port.The program steps through several mask hor-izontal and vertical openings.A frequency counter records the error_out frequency,as the number of transition errors,for each mask.In each mask sweep,only one half of the eye is covered by triggering only one of thenext_ornext_signals. The other phase is held in the center of the eye in phasewith .Once one half of the eye is swept completely,the other next signal will be stepped through to cover the other half.This way, any horizontal asymmetry in the eye is captured.Ideally,whenand are both equal to the input data common mode,the MER should be minimum because the comparators have the highest sensitivity.Therefore,the vertical mask is sweptforand,where is the data common modeand.is7if an on-chip DAC is used but can be larger with external reference adjustment.However,due to comparators’offset,the minimum error count may occurwhenor.To guarantee that all the horizontal range is covered,the horizontal sweep is donefor.We measured a total of three samples and we observed that the minimum MER occursator corresponding to5–10mV of differential offset for the three samples.Fig.16illustrates the2-D error diagram that is generated as the result of the measurement for the input eye in Fig.14(a).It demonstrates that the asymmetrical input eye shape is captured. Furthermore,the diagram has68dB of dynamic range for MER. The dynamic range is a function of the time period for MER。
固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定地表水饮源中的阿特拉津
河南科技Henan Science and Technology化工与材料工程总第818期第24期2023年12月收稿日期:2023-10-07作者简介:刘青(1995—),女,本科,助理工程师,研究方向:环境科学。
固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定地表水饮源中的阿特拉津刘青(河南省郑州生态环境监测中心,河南郑州450000)摘要:【目的】阿特拉津具有一定的毒理性、水溶性、土壤淋溶性,其化学性质稳定,容易转移到水环境中并长期存在,对生态系统和饮用水源存在潜在威胁,因此需要高效准确地测定地表水饮源中的阿特拉津含量。
【方法】采用固相萃取仪对水样进行萃取,然后用氮吹浓缩仪进行浓缩,最后用高效液相色谱—紫外检测法测定,采用C18反相色谱柱(25mm×4.6mm ,5μm ),流动相V (甲醇)∶V (水)=60∶40(体积比)、流速0.8mL/min 、检测波长225nm 、柱温30℃、进样体积10μL 的条件下测定地表水饮源中阿特拉津含量。
【结果】此方法检出限为0.06μg/L ,相关系数为0.9999,精密度为2.3%,线性范围为0.02~1.0mg/L ,样品加标回收率在97.5%~101%之间。
【结论】该方法效果较好,适用于地表水饮源中阿特拉津的分析测定。
关键词:阿特拉津;高效液相色谱法;地表水饮源中图分类号:O657.7文献标志码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2023)24-0091-04DOI :10.19968/ki.hnkj.1003-5168.2023.24.019Determination of Atrazine in Surface Water Drinking Sourcesby SPE-HPLCLIU Qing(Zhengzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center in Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450000,China)Abstract:[Purposes ]Due to the toxicity,water solubility,soil leaching,stable chemical properties,hightransferability and long-term existence,atrazine poses a potential threat to ecosystems and surface waterdrinking sources,requiring efficient and accurate determination of the content of atrazine in surface wa⁃ter sources.This paper aims to efficiently and accurately determine atrazine in surface water sources.[Methods ]The water sample was extracted by SPE,followed by concentration using a nitrogen blowing concentration instrument.Finally,a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector was used,reversed phase column of C 18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),the mobile phase of methanol-water (60∶40),the flow rate of 0.8mL/min,the detection wavelength of 225nm,the column temperature of 30℃,and the injection volume of 10μL,the concerntration of e atrazine in surface water sources was detected.[Findings ]The limit of detection was 0.06μg/L,the related coefficient wasc 0.9999,the precision of2.3%,the linear range was 0.02~1.0mg/L.Overall recoveries were between 97.5%and 101%.[Conclu⁃sions ]This method is effective and suitable for the analysis and determination of atrazine in surface wa⁃ter sources.Keywords:atrazine;high-performance liquid chromatography;surface water source0引言阿特拉津又名莠去津、园去津等,化学名称为2-氯-4-乙胺基-6-异丙氨基-1,3,5-三氮苯,分子式为C8H14ClN5,分子量为215.69,是世界范围内最常见的除草剂之一[1],其具有一定的毒理性、水溶性、土壤淋溶性,化学性质稳定,容易转移到水环境中并长期存在,对生态系统和饮用水源构成严重威胁。
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Then the SL1K digital portables are the perfect fit – the ultimate in discreet communication, where function meets style, they complement executive attire.Are your customers looking for high powered performance combined with day-in, day-out durability? The XiR ™ P8600 Series portable radios meets the challenge, integrating voice and data and offering enhanced features such as GPS, integrated Bluetooth ® audio & data, and Intelligent Audio.Are your customers seeking a tough-as-nails mobile that goes the distance and delivers expanded capabilities like integrated GPS, text messaging and Bluetooth ® audio and data? Then the XiR ™ M8600 Series is the ideal match.For customers looking for a scalable portable solution to help achieve greater productivity, safety and cost-effectiveness, the XiR P6600 Series can help remaster their workplace and the way people collaborate.FIND THE RADIO THAT FITSFrom the front desk to the factory dock, moving across campus or around the country, MOTOTRBO radios are connecting more people effortlessly and efficiently wherever they work. Information is instantaneous. Decision-making becomes easier. Safety gets stronger. Productivity increases. Service improves and customers are more satisfied.Whether your customers want ultra-thin, rugged, or scalable portables or extra-tough mobiles with integratedBluetooth ® or industry-leading data applications, we have the right radio that fits their needs today and evolves with new features to address their requirements tomorrow.Our radios are designed with a robust mix of features to increase workforce efficiency, productivity and safety – such as digital telephone patch for talking with a landline or mobile phone, emergency notification for use during critical situations, and intrinsically safe certifications for hazardous work environments.MOTOTRBO RADIOS MADE FOR THE WAY PEOPLE WORKSL1K: ULTRA-THIN AND LIGHTFOR THE ULTIMATE IN DISCREET COMMUNICATIONOptimize data applications, from enhanced work ticket management to text messaging, on a large, full-color screen that’s easy to read. Experience integrated Bluetooth® data and Intelligent Audio, in a shape so sophisticated, it’s unlike any radio you’ve ever used. xiR P8200 SERIES PORTABLE ANDxiR M8200 SERIES: TRANSFORM BUSINESS WITH THE ORIGINAL HIGH-POWERED PORTABLES AND MOBILES Get increased capacity, integrated data applications including GPS, text messaging and access to the industry’s largest application developer program, exceptional voice quality and extended battery life.xiR P8600 SERIES AND xiR M8600 SERIES: TAKE YOUR ENTERPRISE EVEN FURTHER WITH FULL-FEATURED PORTABLES AND MOBILESEnjoy exceptional voice and data communication with integrated Bluetooth audio and data, integrated GPS and text messaging, full color displays with day/night mode, and best-in-class audio that includes Intelligent Audio and customizable voice announcement.xiR P6600 SERIES:DIGITAL NOW WITHIN REACHThe XiR P6600 Series offers best-in-class audio in a scalable solution that allows users to migrate at their own pace. With analog/digital interoperability and the ability to expand features with a simple software upgrade, you can make the transition to digital at your own pace and budget.PAGE 4PAGE 5MOTOTRBO SYSTEMSTHE BEST FIT FOR ANY BUSINESS FOOTPRINTWant to increase the number of users on a system, extend coverage, connect employees in different locations or deliver voice and data without adding newfrequencies? MOTOTRBO has a scalable solution that fits your customers’ locations, facilities and workforce.• C onventional systems combine the best of two-way radio with analog and digital technology to deliver integrated voice and data communication, increased capacity, enhanced features, exceptional voice quality and extended battery performance.• I P Site Connect uses the Internet to extendMOTOTRBO’s voice and data capabilities. Link up to 15 sites at geographically dispersed locations, create wide-area coverage or enhance coverage at a single site with physical barriers.• C apacity Plus is the single site digital trunking solution that maximizes the capacity of MOTOTRBO. Use it for a high volume of voice and datacommunication and link over a thousand users at a single site without adding new frequencies.• L inked Capacity Plus is an entry level, multi-site digital trunking system configuration for the MOTOTRBO platform. It leverages the high capacity of Capacity Plus, with the wide area coverage capabilities of IP Site Connect to keep your staff at various locations connected with an affordable highcapacity, wide area trunking solution.PAGE 6MOTOTRBO REPEATERSINCREASE USERS, ExTEND COVERAGE AND CONNECT WORKERSxiR R8200 REPEATERDelivers 100% continuous duty at 40W/UHF, 45W/VHF and 35W/800MHz and two simultaneous voice or data paths in digital TDMA mode.Operates in analog or digital mode and has an integrated power supplywith connector for optional external DC battery backup.PAGE 7PAGE 8A more detailed product comparison matrix is available on Motorola Online. For more information on how to remaster the workforce with the right radio, visit /mototrbo.MOTOROLA, MOTO, MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS and the Stylized M Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC and are used under license. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © 2012 Motorola Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. APAC_TRBO_Selection Guide_0512Motorola Solutions Singapore Pte Ltd12 Ang Mo Kio Street 64, Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park 3, UE Biz Hub, Block A, Level 7 Singapore 569088。
NVIDIA Mellanox Quantum HDR 200G InfiniBand 交换机芯片数
NVIDIA MELLANOX QUANTUM HDR 200G INFINIBAND SWITCH SILICONNVIDIA® Mellanox® Quantum™ switch silicon offers 40 ports supporting HDR 200 Gb/s InfiniBand throughput per port, with a total of 16 Tb/s bidirectional throughput and 15.6 billion messages per second.Mellanox Quantum is the world’s smartest network switch that enables in-network computing through the co-design Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP)™ technology. Its co-design architecture enables the usage of all active data center devices to accelerate communication frameworks, resulting in an order of magnitude improvement in application performance and enabling the highest performing server and storage system interconnect solutions for Enterprise Data Centers, Cloud Computing, High-Performance Computing, and Embedded environments.Mellanox Quantum embeds an innovative solution called SHIELD™ (Self-Healing Interconnect Enhancement for Intelligent Datacenters) that makes the fabric capable of self-healing autonomy. So, the speed at which communications can be corrected in the face of a link failure can be increased by 5000X, making it fast enough to save expensive retransmissions or absolute communications failure.Mellanox Quantum offers industry-leading integration of 160 SerDes lanes, with speed flexibility ranging from 2.5 Gb/s to 50 Gb/s per lane, making this Mellanox switch an obvious choice for OEMs that must address end-user requirements for faster and more robust applications. Network architects can utilize the reduced power and footprint, and a fully integrated PHY capable of connectivity across PCBs, backplanes, and passive and active copper/fiber cables, to deploy leading, fabric-flexible computing and storage systems with the lowest total cost of ownership.Key Features>Industry-leading switch silicon in performance, power and density>Industry-leading cut-through latency >Low-cost solution>Single-chip implementation>Fully integrated PHY>Backplane and cable support>1, 2 and 4 lanes>Up to 16 Tb/s of switching capacity>Up to 15.6 billion messagesper second>Up to 40 HDR 200 Gb/s InfiniBand ports >Collective communication acceleration >Hardware-based adaptive routing>Hardware-based congestion control >Mellanox SHARP™v2 collective offloads support streaming for Machine Learning>SHIELD-enabled self-healing technologyINFINIBAND INTERCONNECTMellanox Quantum InfiniBand devices enable industry standard networking, clustering, storage, and management protocols to seamlessly operate over a single “one-wire” converged network. Combined with the Mellanox ConnectX® family of adapters, on-the-fly fabric repurposing can be enabled for Cloud, Web 2.0, EDC and Embedded environments providing “future proofing” of fabrics independent of protocol. Mellanox Quantum enables IT managers to program and centralize their server and storage interconnect management and dramatically reduce their operations expenses by completely virtualizing their data center network.COLLECTIVE COMMUNICATION ACCELERATIONCollective communication describes communication patterns in which all members of a group of communication endpoints participate. Collective communications are commonly used in HPC protocols such as MPI and SHMEM. The Mellanox Quantum switch improves the performance of selected collective operations by processing the data as it traverses the network, eliminating the need to send data multiple times between endpoints.Mellanox Quantum also supports the aggregation of large data vectors at wire speed to enable MPI large vector reduction operations, which are crucial for machine learning applications.TELEMETRYVisibility is a critical component of an efficient network. Capturing what a network is‘thinking’ or ‘doing’ is the basis for true network automation and analytics. In particular, today’s HPC and cloud networks require fine-grained visibility into:>Network state in real-time>Dynamic workloads in virtualized and containerized environments>Advanced monitoring and instrumentation for troubleshootingMellanox Quantum is designed for maximum visibility using such features as mirroring, sFlow, congestion based mirroring, and histograms.SWITCH PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTThe Mellanox Quantum Evaluation Board (EVB) and Software Development Kit (SDK)are available to accelerate an OEM’s time to market and for running benchmark tests. These rack-mountable evaluation systems are equipped with QSFP56 interfaces for verifying InfiniBand functionality. In addition, SMA connectors are available for SerDes characterization. The Mellanox Quantum SDK provides customers the flexibility to implement InfiniBand connectivity using a single switch device.The SDK includes a robust and portable device driver with two levels of APIs, so developers can choose their level of integration. A minimal set of code is implemented in the kernelto allow for easy porting to various CPU architectures and operating systems, such asx86 and PowerPC architectures utilizing the Linux operating system. Within the SDK, the device driver and API libraries are written in standard ANSI “C” language for easy porting to additional processor architectures and operating systems. The same SDK supportsthe Mellanox SwitchX®-2, Switch-IB®, Switch-IB 2, Mellanox Spectrum®, and Mellanox Quantum switch devices. CompatibilityCPU>PowerPC, Intel x86, AMD x86, MIPS PCI Express Interface>PCIe 3.0, 2.0, and 1.1 compliant>2.5 GT/s, 5 GT/s or 8 GT/s x4link rateConnectivity>Interoperability with InfiniBand adapters and switches>Passive copper cables, fiber optics, PCB or backplanes Management & Tools>Support for Mellanox and IBTA compliant Subnet Managers (SM) >Diagnostic and debug tools>Fabric Collective Accelerator (FCA) software libraryORDERING INFORMATIONCONFIGURATIONSMellanox Quantum allows OEMs to deliver: >40-port 1U HDR 200 Gb/s InfiniBand switch >80-port 1U HDR100 100 Gb/s InfiniBand switch>Modular chassis switch with up to 800 HDR InfiniBand ports >Modular chassis switch with up to 1600 HDR100 InfiniBand portsNVIDIA MELLANOX ADVANTAGENVIDIA Mellanox is the leading supplier of industry standard InfiniBand and Ethernet network adapter silicon and cards (HCAs and NICs), switch silicon and systems,interconnect products, and driver and management software. Mellanox products have been deployed in clusters scaling to tens of thousands of nodes and are being deployed end-to-end in data centers and TOP500 systems around the world.SpecificationsInfiniBand>IBTA Specification 1.4 compliant >10, 20, 40, 56, 100 or 200 Gb/s per 4X port>Integrated SMA/GSA>Hardware-based congestion control>256 to 4 KB MTU >9 virtual lanes:8 data +1 managementI/O Specifications>SPI Flash interface, I 2C>IEEE 1149.1/1149.6 boundary scan JTAG>LED driver I/Os>General purpose I/Os >55 x 55 mm HFCBGALearn more at /products/infiniband-switches-ic/quantum© 2020 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, Mellanox, Mellanox Quantum, Mellanox Spectrum, SwitchX, SwitchIB, ConnectX, Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP) and SHIELD are trademarks and/or registered。
ldeglira在医学中意思
ldeglira在医学中意思Ldeglira是一种药物的名称,它在医学中有着重要的意义。
这种药物是用于治疗一些特定的疾病的,因此被广泛地应用于临床实践中。
下面将分步骤阐述ldeglira在医学中的意思。
首先,ldeglira是一种二肽酰胺酶-4抑制剂。
它的主要作用是通过抑制二肽酰胺酶-4的活性,减少血糖生成,使血糖水平得到有效的控制。
因此,ldeglira被广泛地应用于2型糖尿病的治疗中。
其次,ldeglira的剂型是注射剂。
这意味着它需要通过皮下注射的方式进行给药。
这种给药方式可以使药物快速地进入体内,从而发挥出效果。
同时,注射剂还可以绕过口服药物被消化的过程,避免药物的丢失和损失,增加药物的利用率。
第三,ldeglira有着较长的持续时间。
它可以维持大约24小时的降糖效果。
这个特点使得它可以减少每天的给药次数,方便了患者的用药,提高了患者的依从性。
第四,ldeglira还可以与其他降糖药物联合使用。
这样可以增加疗效,使治疗更加精准有效。
与二甲双胍、糖皮质激素和胰岛素等药物联合使用,可以加强它们的降糖效果,提高治疗成功率。
最后,ldeglira还可以改善患者的生活质量。
通过减少血糖波动和降低低血糖事件的发生率,可以改善患者的身体状况,增加他们的健康风险抵抗能力。
同时,较少的用药次数也可以降低患者的治疗成本,减轻患者的经济负担。
综上所述,ldeglira在医学中的意义非常重要。
它作为一种2型糖尿病治疗的药物,可以发挥出强大的降糖效果,提高治疗成功率。
同时,它的剂型、持续时间和联合应用等优势,也使得它在临床实践中应用广泛。
船舶专业英语词典
Abs.E=absolute error absiemens absolute absorb absorbability absorbent absorber absorber absorber absorber absorber
absorber absorptance absorptiometer absorption absorption absorption absorption absorption absorptivity abstract abstraction abs.visc.=absolute viscosity aburton abut abutment abutting abvolt abysmal abyss abyssal abyssalpelagic AC=account current AC=air condense AC=air-cooled AC=alternating current
ACAS=automatic collision avoidance system ACAV=automatic circuit analyzer and verifier ACB=air circuit breaker ACB=automatic circuit breaker ACC=automatic control system certified(ABS) ACC,acc=acceleration(linear) A.C.C=automatic combustion control A/cc=aircraft carrier acc=accepted acc=accorking to--acceleration acceleration acceleration
A A&C.P.=anchors and chains a.a.r.=against all AB=anchor bolt ababac aback abacus abaft abampere abandoner abandonment abase abate abatement A-battery ABB=air-blast circuit breaker ABB=automatic back bias abbreviation ABC=automatic bandwidth control ABC=automatic bias compensation ABC=automatic bias control ABC=automatic binary computer ABC=automatic boiler control ABC=automatic brightness control ABCC=automatic brightness contrast control abcoulomb ABCU=automatic bridge control system for unattended engine room (ABS) ABD=advance base dock abd=aboard ABDC=after bottom dead center abeam aberration abfarad abhenry abide ability ability ability ability ability ability ability ability risks
AMM手册缩写
AMM⼿册缩写ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONA AmberA AlternateA/C AircraftA/D Analog/DigitalA/DC Analog-to-Digital ConverterA/R Audio ReproducerA/SKID Anti-SkidA/THR AutothrustA/XFMR Autotransformer ⾃耦变压器ABCU Alternate Braking Control UnitAC Alternating CurrentACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System ACC Active Clearance ControlACCEL Acceleration/AccelerateACCLRM AccelerometerACCU ACCUMULATORACMM Abbreviated Component Maintenance ManualACMS Aircraft Condition Monitoring SystemACP Area Call PanelACP Audio Control PanelACQN AcquisitionACSC Air Conditioning System ControllerACT ActiveACTR ActuatorADC Air Data ComputerADF Automatic Direction FinderADIRS Air Data/Inertial Reference SystemADIRU Air Data/Inertial Reference UnitADM Air Data ModuleADR Air Data ReferenceADS Air Data SystemADV AdvisoryAEVC Avionics Equipment Ventilation ComputerAF Audio FrequencyAFS Automatic Flight SystemAGB Accessory GearboxAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGL Above Ground LevelAGW Actual Gross WeightAIL AileronAIM Aircraft Integrated MaintenanceAIP Attendant Indication PanelALI Airworthiness Limitation ItemALIGN AlignmentALT AltitudeALTM AltimeterALTN Alternate, AlternativeAM Amplitude ModulationAMM Aircraft Maintenance ManualAMS Aerospace Material Specification航材规范AMU Audio Management UnitANI Analog InputANN AnnunciatorANN LT Annunciator LightANO Analog OutputANT AntennaAOA Angle-of-AttackAOC Airline Operational ControlAOC Airline Operational ControlABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONAP AutopilotAP/FD Autopilot/Flight DirectorAPPR ApproachAPPU Asymmetry Position Pick Off UnitAPU Auxiliary Power UnitARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated航空⽆线电公司ARPT AirportASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国信息交换标准代码ASI Airspeed IndicatorASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits特定⽤途集成电路ASM Aircraft Schematics ManualASP Audio Selector PanelASSY Assembly 组件ATA Air Transport Association of AmericaATC Air Traffic ControlATE Automatic Test EquipmentATLAS Abbreviated Test Language for All SystemsATS Autothrottle SystemATSU Air Traffic Service UnitATT AttitudeATTND AttendantAUTO AutomaticAUX AuxiliaryAVAIL AvailableAVNCS AvionicsAWM Aircraft Wiring ManualAWY AirwayAZ AzimuthB BlueBARO Barometric ⽓压的BAT BatteryBCD Binary Coded DecimalBCL Battery Charge Limiter电瓶充电限制器BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator差频振荡器BGM Boarding MusicBITE Built-in Test EquipmentBMC Bleed Monitoring ComputerBNR Binary ⼆进制BOT Begin of TapeBP Bottom PlugBRG Bearing ⽅位⾓BRK BrakeBRKR BreakerBRKT Bracket 托架BRT Bright, BrightnessBSCU Braking/Steering Control UnitBTC Bus Tie Contactor汇流条连接接触器BTMU Brake Temperature Monitoring UnitBTN Button 按钮BTR Bus Tie RelayBU Battery UnitBUS BusbarBYDU Back-Up Yaw Damper Unit 备⽤偏航阻尼组件C CloseC Celsius, CentigradeC/B Circuit BreakerC/L Check ListCAB CabinCAM Cabin Assignment ModuleCAPT CaptainCAS Calibrated Air Speed修正表速CAUT CautionABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONCAUT LT Caution LightCBMS Circuit Breaker Monitoring SystemCBMU Circuit Breaker Monitoring UnitCCS Cabin Communications SystemCCW Counter Clockwise逆时针CDP Compressor Discharge PressureCDU Control and Display UnitCFDIU Centralized Fault Display Interface UnitCFDS Centralized Fault Display SystemCFMI CFM InternationalCFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic 碳纤维强化塑料CG Center of GravityCGCS Center of Gravity Control System重⼼控制系统CHAN ChannelCHG ChangeCIDS Cabin Intercommunication Data SystemCK CheckCKPT CockpitCKT CircuitCL Center LineCLB ClimbCLG Centerline Landing GearCLOG Clogging堵塞CLR ClearCMC Central Maintenance Computer中央维护计算机CMD Command 命令,指令CMM Component Maintenance ManualCMR Certifification Maintenance Requirements 取证维护要求CNTOR Contactor 开关CO Company 公司COM CommunicationCOMPT Compartment 间隔COMPTR Comparator 精密仪器COND Conditioned, Conditioning 状态CONFIG Configuration 配置,布局,结构CONT ControllerCONV ConverterCOOL Cooling, CoolerCOS Cosine 余弦CPC Cabin Pressure ControllerCPLR CouplerCPMS Cabin and Passenger Management System客舱和旅客管理系统CPMU Cabin Passenger Management UnitCPRSR Compressor 压缩机CPU Central Processing UnitCRC Continuous Repetitive ChimeCRG CargoCRS CourseCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRZ CruiseCSD Constant Speed Drive恒速传动装置CSM/G Constant Speed Motor/GeneratorCSTR ConstraintCSU Command Sensor UnitCT Current Transformer 电流互感器CTL CentralCTL ControlCTR CenterCU Control UnitCUDU Current Unbalance Detection Unit电流不平衡探测组件CUR CurrentCVR Cockpit Voice RecorderCVR Cockpit Voice RecorderABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONCVT Center Vent Tube 中通⽓管CW ClockwiseD/D Engine Out Drift Down Point发动机失效漂降点D/O Description and Operation说明与⼯作DA Drift Angle 偏离⾓DAC Digital to Analog ConverterDAR Digital ACMS RecorderDC Direct CurrentDDRMI Digital Distance and Radio Magnetic IndicatorDEC Declination倾斜DECEL Decelerate 减速DECR Decrease 减少DEF Definition 定义DELTA P Differential Pressure 压差DES Descent 下降DEST Destination ⽬的地DET Detection, DetectorDEU Decoder/Encoder UnitDEV Deviation 偏差DFDR Digital Flight Data RecorderDFDRS Digital Flight Data Recording SystemDGI Digital InputDGO Digital OutputDH Decision Height决断⾼度DIA Diameter 直径DIFF Differential差分DIM Dimming, DimensionDIR Direction, Direct, DirectorDISC Disconnect, DisconnectedDIST DistanceDMA Direct Memory Access直揍获取存储器DMC Display Management ComputerDME Distance Measuring EquipmentDMU Data Management UnitDN DownDNLK Downlock放下锁DPDT Double Pole/Double Throw双极/双置DPI Differential Pressure IndicatorDR Dead Reckoning 航位推算DRVR Driver 驱动器DSCRT DiscreteDSDL Dedicated Serial Data Link专⽤系列数据链DSI Discrete InputDSO Discrete OutputDSPL DisplayDTG Distance to Go待飞距离DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency双⾳多频DU Display UnitE EastEBU Engine Built-up UnitECAM Electronic Centralized Aircraft MonitoringECB Electronic Control Box (APU)ECM Engine Condition MonitoringECMU Electrical Contactor Management Unit电路接触器管理系统ECON Economy经济ECP Ecam Control PanelECS Environmental Control System环境控制系统ECU Electronic Control UnitEEC Electronic Engine Control电⼦发动机控制EEPROM Electrically Eraseable Programmable Read Only Memory电清除程序可控只读存储器EFCS Electrical Flight Control SystemEFCS Electrical Flight Control SystemABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONEFF Effective, EffectivityEFIS Electronic Flight Instrument SystemEGIU Electrical Generation Interface Unit发电接⼝组件EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature排⽓温度EIS Electronic Instrument SystemEIU Engine Interface UnitEIVMU Engine Interface and Vibration Monitoring Unit发动机接⼝和振动监控组件ELEC Electric, Electrical, ElectricityELEV Elevation, ElevatorEMER EmergencyEMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁⼲扰END Endurance 续航时间ENG EngineEO Engine Out 发动机失效EOSID Engine Out Standard Instrument Departure发动机失效标准仪表离港EOT End of Tape录⾳结束EPC External Power Contactor外部电源接触器EPGS Electrical Power Generation System发电系统EPR Engine Pressure Ratio发动机压⼒⽐EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEPSU Emergency Power Supply Unit应急电源供电组件EQPT EquipmentESS Essential 重要EST Estimated预计的ETA Estimated Time of Arrival预达时间ETE Estimated Time en Route 预计航路时间ETP Equal Time Point 等时点EVAC Evacuation 撤离EWD Engine/Warning Display发动机/警告指⽰EXC Excitation, Excite励磁,产⽣励磁EXCESS Excessive 过多的EXT Exterior, ExternalF FahrenheitF-PLN Flight PlanF/O First OfficerFAC Flight Augmentation ComputerFADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control 全效能数字电⼦控制FAIL Failed, FailureFAP Forward Attendant PanelFC Fully Closed 全关FCDC Flight Control Data Concentrator 飞⾏数据集中器FCMS Fuel Control Monitoring System 燃油控制和监控计算机FCOM Flight Crew Operating Manual 飞⾏机组使⽤⼿册FCPC Flight Control Primary Computer飞⾏操纵主计算机FCSC Flight Control Secondary Computer飞⾏操纵辅助计算机FCTN FunctionFCU Flight Control UnitFCV Flow Control ValveFD Flight DirectorFDBK Feedback 反馈FDIU Flight Data Interface UnitFDU Fire Detection UnitFE Flight Envelope 飞⾏包线FF Fuel Flow 燃油流量FG Flight GuidanceFIDS Fault Isolation and Detection SystemFIFO First Input/First Output 先进/先出FIG FigureFIN Functional Item NumberFIR Full Indicator Reading 全指⽰器读数FL Flight LevelFLEX FlexibleFLEX FlexibleABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONFLP FlapFLT FlightFM Flight ManagementFMA Flight Mode Annunciator飞⾏⽅式指引FMC Flight Management ComputerFMGC Flight Management and Guidance ComputerFMGS Flight Management and Guidance SystemFMS Flight Management SystemFMU Fuel Metering Unit燃油计量装置FMV Fuel Metering ValveFO Fully OpenFOB Fuel On Board机载燃油FOD Foreign Object DamageFPA Flight Path Angle飞⾏航经⾓FPEEPMS Floor Proximity Emergency Escape Path Marking System FPPU Feedback Position Pick-off Unit回输位置传感组件FPV Flight Path Vector飞⾏航经引导FQ Fuel QuantityFQI Fuel Quantity Indicating/Indication/IndicatorFR Frame结构,隔框FREQ FrequencyFRU Frequency Reference Unit频率基准组件FRV Fuel Return ValveFSB Fasten Seat BeltsFW Failure WarningFWC Flight Warning ComputerFWD ForwardFWS Flight Warning SystemG GreenG/S Glide SlopeGA Go-Around 复飞GALY Galley 厨房GAPCU Ground Auxiliary Power Control UnitGalleyGCR Generator Control RelayGCU Generator Control UnitGEN GeneratorGLC Generator Line Contactor发电机馈线接触器GLR Generator Line RelayGMT Greenwich Mean Time格林尼治时钟GND GroundGPCU Ground Power Control UnitGPS Global Positioning SystemGPU Ground Power UnitGPWC Ground Proximity Warning Computer近地警告计算机GPWS Ground Proximity Warning SystemGRP Geographic Reference Point地⾯/地理坐标基准点GRU Ground Refrigeration Unit 地⾯冷冻车GS Ground SpeedGSE Ground Support Equipment地⾯⽀援设备GW Gross WeightH Hot (Electrical Point)HCU Hydraulic Control UnitHDG HeadingHEGS Hydraulic Electrical Generating System液电产⽣系统HF High FrequencyHI HighHLAC High Level Alternating Current Voltage⾼压交流电HLDC High Level Direct Current VoltageHMU Hydromechanical Unit液压机械组件HP High PressureHPC High Pressure CompressorHPC High Pressure CompressorABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONHPT High Pressure TurbineHPTACC High Pressure Turbine Active Clearance Control⾼压涡轮主动间隙控制HS High SpeedHSI Horizontal Situation IndicatorHSMU Hydraulic System Monitoring UnitHUDC Head Up Display Computer平视显⽰计算机HYD Hydraulic 液压I/O Input/OutputI/P Intercept ProfileI/P InputIAE International Aero Engines国际航空发动机公司IAS Indicated AirspeedIBR Integral Bladed RotorID Inside DiameterIDENT Identification, Identifier, IdentifyIDG Integrated Drive Generator整体驱动发电机IDGS Integrated Drive Generator SystemIGB Inlet Gear Box进⼝齿轮箱IGN Ignition点⽕IGV Inlet Guide Vane进⽓导向叶⽚ILS Instrument Landing System (LOC and G/S)IMM ImmediateINB Inbound向台飞⾏的INBD Inboard归航的;向台(电)飞⾏的INCR Increment 增加IND IndicatorINFO InformationINHIB Inhibition, Inhibit, Inhibited 抑制INIT Initial(ization) 初始化INOP InoperativeINR InnerINT Interrupt中断INTCP Intercept拦截INTFC InterfaceINTL InternalINTRG Interrogate, Interrogator 询问INV Inverter静变流机IP Intermediate PressureIPC Illustrated Parts CatalogIPPU Instrumentation Position Pick-off Unit仪表位置传感组件IR Inertial ReferenceIRS Inertial Reference SystemISA International Standard Atmosphere国际标准⼤⽓ISO International Standardization Organisation国际标准化组织ISOL IsolationIVS Inertial Vertical Speed惯性垂直速度JAM Jammed, Jamming卡阻的,卡阻,⼲扰JAR Joint Airworthiness Requirements联合航空条例L LeftL LengthL/G Landing GearLA Linear Accelerometer线性加速器LAT Lateral 横向LAT Latitude 维度LAV Lavatory 厕所LBP Left Bottom Plug 左下插头LCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLCIT Load Compressor Inlet Temperature负载压⽓机进⼝温度LDG LandingLE Leading Edge前沿LED Light Emitting DiodeLED Light Emitting DiodeABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION LGCIU Landing Gear Control and Interface UnitLIM Limit, Limitation, Limiting, LimiterLKD LockedLL Lat/LongLLDC Low Level Direct Current VoltageLMP Left Middle PlugLNG LongLMS Leakage Measurement System渗漏测量系统LO LowLOC Localizer航向信标台LONG Longitude 经度LONGN Longeron 纵轴LOP Low Oil PressureLP Low PressureLPC Low Pressure CompressorLPT Low Pressure TurbineLPTACC Low Pressure Turbine Active Clearance ControlLRU Line Replaceable UnitLS LoudspeakerLSB Least Significant Bit最低有效位LSI Large Scale Integration⼤刻度积分的LT LightLTP Left Top PlugLV Low VoltageLVDT Linear Variable Differential Transducer线性可变差动变压器LVL LevelLW Landing WeightLWR LowerMAC Mean Aerodynamic Chord平均空⽓动⼒弦MAG MagneticMAINT MaintenanceMAN ManualMAX MaximumMCDU Multipurpose Control & Display UnitMCL Maximum Climb最⼤爬升率MCT Maximum Continuous ThrustMCU Modular Concept Unit模块式概念组件MDA Minimum Descent Altitude 最⼩决断⾼度MDDU Multipurpose Disk Drive UnitMECH Mechanic, Mechanical, MechanismMED MediumMES Main Engine Start 主发动机启动MI Magnetic IndicatorMIC MicrophoneMICBAC Micro-System Bus Access Channel 微系统总线存取通道MID MiddleMIN MinimumMISC Miscellaneous 各式各样的,其他MKR Marker (radio) BeaconMLA Maneuver Load AlleviationMLG Main Landing GearMLI Magnetic Level Indicator 磁⽔平指⽰器MLS Microwave Landing SystemMLW Maximum Design Landing Weight 最⼤着陆重量MMEL Master Minimum Equipment ListMMO Maximum Operating Mach 马赫⽅式的最⼤操纵速度MMR Multi Mode ReceiverMODLTR ModulatorMON Monitor, Monitoring, MonitoredMORA Minimum Off Route Altitude 最低偏航⾼度MOT Motor, MotorizedMPD Maintenance Planning Document 维护计划⽂件MPD Maintenance Planning Document 维护计划⽂件ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONMRBR Maintenance Review Board Report维修审查委员会报告MRW Maximum Ramp Weight最⼤停机重量MSA Minimum Safe Altitude 最⼩安全⾼度MSB Most Significant BitMSG MessageMSL Mean Sea LevelMSU Mode Selector Unit (IRS) ⽅式选择组件MSW Microswitch 微动开关MTBF Mean Time Between FailureMTBUR Mean Time Between Unscheduled Removals ⾮定期拆卸平均MTG MountingMTO Maximum Take-Off 最⼤起飞MTOGW Maximum Takeoff Gross WeightMTOW Maximum Design Takeoff WeightMU Management Unit 管理组件MUX Multiplex, Multiplexer 多路器MVT Movement 运动,动态MZFW Maximum Design Zero Fuel WeightN Normal, NorthN/A Not ApplicableN/P Next PageN/W Nose WheelN/WS Nose Wheel SteeringNAC Nacelle 发动机短舱;吊舱NAS Navy and Army StandardNAV NavigationNAVAID Navigation AidNBPT No Break Power Transfer 不间断供电转换NC Normally ClosedNCD No Computed DataND Navigation DisplayNDB Non-Directional BeaconNEG NegativeNLG Nose Landing GearNMI Non Maskable Interrupt⾮屏蔽性中断No NumberNO Normally OpenNO Normal Operation in SSMNORM NormalNS No SmokingNUM NumericalNVM Non-Volatile Memory⾮易失存储器N1Low Pressure Rotor SpeedN2High Pressure Rotor SpeedO OpenO/P OutputOAT Outside Air Temperature外界⼤⽓温度OBRM On Board Replaceable Module机上可更换组件OC Open CircuitOC OvercurrentOD Outside Diameter 外直径OF OverfrequencyOFST OffsetOGV Outlet Guide VaneOHU Optical Head UnitOIT Oil Inlet TemperatureOK CorrectOMS Onboard Maintenance System机载维修系统OOT Oil Outlet Temperature滑油出⼝温度OP OperationalOPP Opposite相反的,相对的,对⾯的OPS Operation操作OPS Operation操作ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION OPT Optimum可选择的OPV Overpressure ValveOUTBD OutboardOVBD OverboardOVHD OverheadOVHT OverheatOVLD OverloadOVRD OverrideOVSP OverspeedOXY OxygenP/B PushbuttonP/BSW Pushbutton SwitchPA Passenger AddressPATS Passenger Air-to-Ground Telephone SystemPAX PassengerPC Pack ControllerPCB Printed Circuit Board印刷电路板PCM Pulse Code Modulation脉冲编码调谐PCU Passenger Control UnitPCU Power Control UnitPD Pitch DiameterPED Pedestal操纵台PERF PerformancePES Passenger Entertainment (System)PF Power FactorPFD Primary Flight DisplayPH PhasePHC Probe Heat ComputerPIU Passenger Information UnitPMA Permanent Magnet Alternator永磁交流发电机PMG Permanent Magnet Generator永磁产⽣器PN Part NumberPNL PanelPOB Pressure-Off BrakePOR Point of RegulationPOS PositionPOT Potentiometer 电位计PPH Pounds per hourPPM Parts per millionPPOS Present Position现在位置PR Power Ready RelayPRAM Prerecorded Announcement and Music⼴播预录⾳机PREAMP PreamplifierPRED PredictionPRESEL Preselector/PreselectionPRESS Pressure, Pressurization, PressurizePREV PreviousPRIM PrimaryPROC T Procedure TurnPROF ProfilePROG ProgressPROM Programmable Read Only MemoryPROT ProtectionPROX Proximity 接近PRR Power Ready RelayPSCU Proximity Switch Control Unit 邻近电门控制组件PSDU Power Supply Decoupling Unit 供电去耦组件PSI Pound per Square Inch 每平⽅英⼨PSIA Pound per Square Inch Absolute每平⽅英⼨绝对压⼒PSIG Pound per Square Inch Gauge每平⽅英⼨重⼒PSS Passenger Services SystemPSS Passenger Services System ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION PSU Passenger Service UnitPT PointPTC Positive Temperature CoefficientPTT Push to TestPTT Push-to-TalkPU Panel UnitPVI Paravisual IndicatingPVIS Passenger Visual Information SystemPWR PowerP&W Pratt & WhitneyQ Pitch RateQAD Quick-Attach-DetachQAR Quick Access RecorderQAT Quadruple ARINC TransmitterQEC Quick Engine ChangeQFE Field Elevation Atmospheric PressureQFU Runway HeadingQNE Sea Level Standard Atmosphere PressureQNH Sea Level Atmospheric PressureQTY QuantityR RedR RightR/I Radio/InertialRA Radio Altimeter, Radio AltitudeRAC Rotor Active ClearanceRACC Rotor Active Clearance ControlRACSB Rotor Active Clearance Start BleedRAD RadioRAM Random Access MemoryRAT Ram Air TurbineRBP Right Bottom PlugRC Repetitive ChimeRCC Remote Charge ConverterRCCB Remote Control Circuit BreakerRCDR RecorderRCL Recall 撤销RCPT ReceptacleRCPTN ReceptionRCVR ReceiverRECIRC Recirculate, RecirculationRECT RectifierRED ReductionREF ReferenceREFUEL RefuelingREG RegulatorREL ReleaseRES ResistanceRET ReturnREV ReverseREV Revise, RevisionRF Radio FrequencyRFS Regardless of Feature SizeRLA Reverser Lever AngleRLS Remote Light SensorRLY RelayRMP Radio Management PanelRNG RangeROM Read Only MemoryRPLNT RepellentRPM Revolution per MinuteRQRD RequiredRST ResetRSV ReserveRSV ReserveABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION RSVR ReservoirRTE RouteRTN ReturnRTP Right Top PlugRTS Return to SeatRUD RudderRVDT Rotary Variable Differential TransducerRVR Runway Visual RangeRWY RunwayS SouthS/C Step ClimbS/D Step DescentSAF SafetySAT Static Air TemperatureSB Service BulletinSC Single ChimeSD System DisplaySDAC System Data Acquisition ConcentratorSDCU Smoke Detection Control UnitSDN System Description NoteSEB Seat Electronic BoxSEC SecondarySEL Select, Selected, Selector, SelectionSELCAL Selective Calling SystemSFCC Slat Flap Control ComputerSH ABS Shock AbsorberSHED SheddingSHT ShortSIC System Isolation Contactor 系统隔离接触器SID Standard Instrument Departure标准仪表离场SIG SignalSLT SlatSMK SmokeSN Serial NumberSOL SolenoidSOV Shut-Off ValveSPD SpeedSPLY SupplySPMC Service Process Material Control 服务进程材料控制SPOP Service Process Operation ProcedureSQ SquelchSRU Shop Replaceable Unit 车间可更换件SSB Single Side BandSSEC Static Source Error Correction 静压源误差校准SSM Sign Status Matrix符号状态码SSTU Side Stick Transducer UnitSTA Station位置;电台;飞机在编队中的位置STAB StabilizerSTAR Standard Terminal Arrival Route 标准进场程序STAT StaticSTBY StandbySTD StandardSTGR StringerSTS StatusSVA Stator Vane ActuatorSVCE ServiceSW SwitchSWTG SwitchingSYNTHR SynthetizerSYS SystemT True, TurnT True, TurnABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION T/C Top of ClimbT/D Top of DescentT/R Thrust ReverserT-P Turn PointTACT TacticalTAS True AirspeedTAT Total Air TemperatureTBC To Be ConfirmedTBD To be DeterminedTCA Turbine Cooling AirTCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance SystemT2CAS Traffic and Terrain Collision Avoidance System TCC Turbine Case Cooling 涡轮机匣冷却/TDS Technical Data SheetTE Trailing Edge 后缘TEC Turbine Exhaust Case 涡轮排⽓机匣TEMP TemperatureTFU Technical Follow-UpTGT TargetTHR ThrustTHRM ThermalTHS Trimmable Horizontal StabilizerTIT Turbine Inlet Temperature 涡轮进⼝温度TK TankTKE Track Angle Error 航迹⾓误差TLA Throttle Lever Angle 油门杆⾓度TLU Travel Limitation Unit ⾏程限制组件TMR TimerTO TakeoffTOGW Takeoff Gross WeightTOT TotalTPIC Tire Pressure Indicating ComputerTPIS Tire Pressure Indicating SystemTR Transformer Rectifier 变压整流器TRA Throttle Resolver AngleTRANS Transition 过渡TRDV Thrust Reverser Directional Valve反推⽅向活门TRF Turbine Rear Frame 涡轮后框TRIG Trigger扳机,触发器TRK Track (angle)TROPO TropopauseTRPV Thrust Reverser Pressurizing ValveTRV TravelTSFC Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption单位推⼒耗油率TSM Trouble Shooting ManualTTG Time to Go 剩余时间TTL Transistor Transistor LogicTTS Trim Tank SystemTURB Turbulent, TurbulenceTVBC Turbine Vane And Blade Cooling涡轮叶⽚冷却UF UnderfrequencyUHF Ultra High FrequencyUNLK UnlockUNLKD Unlocked, UnlockingUNSD UnusedUPR UpperUTC Universal Time Coordinated 世界协调时UV Under VoltageV/S Vertical SpeedVc Calibrated Airspeed校正空速VAC Voltage Alternating CurrentVAR Variable, Variation 变化,可变的VAR Variable, Variation 变化,可变的ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATIONVBV Variable Bleed Valve可调防⽓活门VC Ventilation Controller 通风控制器VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator 压控振荡器VCU Video Control Unit 视频控制组件VDC Voltage Direct Current直流电压VDEV Vertical Deviation 垂直偏差VDR VHF Data Radio甚⾼频话⾳/数据⽆线电VEL Velocity 速度,速率VENT Ventilation 通风VERT VerticalVFE Maximum Flat Extended SpeedVFTO Final Takeoff Speed 最后起飞速度VHF Very High FrequencyVHV Very High Voltage 甚⾼压VIB VibrationVLE Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed 最⼤起落架放下速度VLO Maximum Landing Gear Operating SpeedVLS Lower Selectable SpeedVM VoltmeterVMAX Maximum Allowable Airspeed 允许最⼤空速VMO Maximum Operating SpeedVOR VHF Omnidirectional RangeVOR.D VOR-DMEVR Rotation Speed抬前轮速度VRMS Volt Root Mean Square均⽅根电压VRS V2500 Repair SchemeVSC Vacuum System Controller 真空系统控制器VSCF Variable Speed Constant Frequency 变速恒频VSV Variable Stator Vane 可变静⼦叶⽚VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波⽐V1Critical Engine Failure SpeedV2Takeoff Safety SpeedV3Flap Retraction SpeedV4Slat Retraction SpeedW WeightW WhiteWARN WarningWBC Weight & Balance Computer载重平衡计算机WBS Weight and Balance SystemWD Warning DisplayWHC Window Heat ComputerWHL WheelWIPCU Water Ice Protection Control Unit 防⽔防冰控制组件WIPDU Water Ice Protection Data UnitWPT WaypointWTB Wing Tip BrakeWXR Weather RadarX FEED CrossfeedX-TALK Cross-TalkXCVR Transceiver 收发机XDCR Transducer 转换器XFMR Transformer 变压器XFR TransferXMSN TransmissionXMTR TransmitterXPDR Transponder 异频雷达收发机Y YellowZ ZoneZFCG Zero Fuel Center of Gravity ⽆燃油重⼼ZFW Zero Fuel Weight3D Three Dimensional (Lat, Long, Alt) 3维3D Three Dimensional (Lat, Long, Alt) 3维ABBREVIATION SIGNIFICATION 4D Four Dimensional (Lat, Long, Alt, Time)。
FDA警告信:瑞士日内瓦LaboratoireSintylS.A.(节译)
FDA警告信:瑞士日内瓦LaboratoireSintylS.A.(节译)翻译:Julia朱玉姣来自:蒲公英Warning Letter 320-16-37Via UPS Return Receipt RequestedSeptember 29, 2016Mr. Rémy PfennigerCEO/OwnerLaboratoire Sintyl S.A.Route Des Jeunes 23Carouge Ge, Geneva, 1227SwitzerlandDear Mr. Rémy Pfenniger:The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspected your drug manufacturing facility, Laboratoire Sintyl S.A. at Route Des Jeunes 23, Carouge Ge, Geneva, from June 20 to 23, 2016.FDA于2016年6月20-23日检查了你们位于瑞士日内瓦的工厂。
This warning letter summarizes significant violations of current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for finished pharmaceuticals. See 21 CFR, parts 210 and 211.本警告信总结了你们制剂生产中严重违背CGMP的情况。
参见21CFR第210和211部分。
Because your methods, facilities, or controls for manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding do not conform to CGMP, your drug product is adulterated within the meaning of section 501(a)(2)(B) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act(FD&C Act), 21 U.S.C. 351(a)(2)(B).由于你们生产、加工、包装和存贮药品的方法、场所或控制不符合CGMP,你们的药品根据FDCA,21 U.S.C. 351(a)(2)(B)第501(a)(2)B)的规定被认定为掺假药品。
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埃斯特迪安娜说明书
PLASTEC® VENTILATION, INC. 2216 60th Drive East • Bradenton, Florida 34203General DescriptionBENEFITS• Safety: air flow is maintained at required speed at all sash heights• Energy savings: only the lowest required amount of air is exhausted therefore reducing energy bill• User comfort: Low air speeds ensure comfortable noise level• Ease of installation and maintenance• Stable and accurate analogical sensor reading• Attractive design: available in choice of LED or digital displayRANGEVersions:• C LED: Monitors and controls air speed, LED lights • C DIGITAL: Monitors and controls air speed, digital read out in meter per second or feet per minute FEATURES• Audio and visual alarm• 0 to 10V or 4-20mA VAV system to link to inverter • 3 Pushbuttons: Fan On/Off, Light On/Off, Mute • Automatic pre-purge with inverter• 30s purge following fan switch off• Alarm disabled when fan switch off• Sash High indicator• Auxiliary contact for fan make up, etc. OPTIONS• Surface Box Mounting: Plastic enclosure to mount the face plate and to avoid profile cutting theservice panel.• Alarm Relay: A remote alarm can be triggered froma relay on the controller pcb.• Battery Back Up: Red LED alarm is stillfunctional up to 12 hours when unit loses power.• Custom Resin Stickers: Customizable resin stickers with logo, address, etc.COLORSPlastic fascia is available in:- White (Standard)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS COMPLIANCEIn accordance with:- European laboratory standard EN 14175-2- Electromagnetic standards EN61326 : 1997/A1 : 1998/A2 : 2001/A3 : 2003 (Test report RC-05-42060-1) US FCC Part 15Class B edition 2005 (Test report RC-05-42060-2-A)- European RoHS directive governing disposal and recycling of electronics- French laboratory standard XPX 15203 of Sept. 1996 - CECOMPONENTS• Circuit Board: Panel mounted circuit board to be installed vertically or horizontally onto fumecupboard with 2x Ø 2.8 mm / 0.11" screws. IP55 protection ensured by “O” ring seal. Face plate to be supplied with chemical resistant plastic sticker (horizontal or vertical) with control/push buttons on fascia. Surface box mounting optional.• Numerical and Antistatic Sensor: To be installed inside fume hood. Sensor measures air speedvariations inside fume hood. Supplied with a3.5 m / 11.48' (5 m optional) shielded cable withpin connections onto controller circuit board.• Power Supply: 115 VAC to 12 VDC power transformer directly into controller circuit board.Comes with a wall plug and cord. Adaptor may be required to fit local power socket.PACKING• Supplied in cardboard box which includes con-troller circuit board, face plate, sensor and powertransformer. Surface box mounting optional.When the fume extraction fan is running, it causes negative pressure inside the fume cupboard. If the sash is lowered, the negative pressure become more intense causing air to be drawn through the sash opening at an increased velocity. Conversely, if the sash is raised the negative pressure becomes less intense and air velocity reduces.If an opening is made in the wall of the fume cupboard, air will enter it at a velocity determined by the same negative pressure that is drawing air into the sash opening. By sensing the air velocity through an opening, we can determine its level at the sash opening.PLASTEC ® AirControl Type C exploits this by the placing of a numerical sensor, or thermal anemometer into a hole in the cupboard and sending the air velocity measurement obtained to a display on the fascia panel. Based on air velocitymeasured, Plastec ® AirControl C will send a signal to an inverter to either increase or decrease fan speed.The air velocity level is displayed on the fascia either by LED illumination or digital read-out. An audible alarm will also sound if the air velocity is too low.Operating PrincipleSENSORAirflow Monitorww w .p l a s t e c v e n t .n e t115 VAC/12 VDCPower SupplyControllerSensorSensorSignal InputSash High Alarm InputSash movement=Pressure decreaseor increaseHood Lighton/off relayAir Make-upon/off relay0 to 10V or 4-20mAMotorizedDamperFrequencyInverterORMake-upFanFrequency Inverter230V – 1Ph input Plastec® ExtractionFan: Speed increaseor decreaseAir speedmonitoring & control!If air speed is lowOUTPUT:0 to 10Vor4-20mA230V – 3PhFan on/offrelaySchematic AirControl C LED & DigitalInverter System115 VAC/12 VDCPower SupplyControllerSensorSensorSignal InputSash High Alarm InputSash movement=Pressure decreaseor increaseHood Lighton/off contactNight Setback relayAir speedmonitoring & control!If airflow is lowOUTPUTSchematic AirControl C Night SetbackAirControl C LEDPart Number 819703 8197041 green LED for normal air speed 1 green LED for normal air speed Display – Visual 1 red LED flashing for alarm "HI" for high air speed displayed No digital display 1 red LED flashing for alarm 3 digit display with velocity reading UnitsN/A meter per second (m/s) / FPM Display Range N/A0 - 2.00 m/s / 0 - 400 FPM Alarm Setpoint Standard: below 0.39m/s / 78 FPMStandard: below 0.39m/s / 78 FPMAlarm Delay Selectable: 15s or 30s Selectable: 15s or 30s Analog Output 0 - 10V or 4 - 20mA0 - 10V or 4 - 20mAAlarm Indication 1 red LED flashing & audible buzzer1 red LED flashing & audible buzzerAlarm Mute Light On/Off Fan On/Off Alarm Relay Yes, optional Yes, optional Battery Back Up Yes, optionalYes, optionalSash High InputAudible and orange flashing LED indicate Audible and orange flashing LED indicatesash position switch has been tripped sash position switch has been trippedMounting Flush or surface box (option)Flush or surface box (option)Calibration**************************/s/100FPM **************************/s/100FPMRecalibration possible Recalibration possiblePower Requirement12VDC (power supply included)12VDC (power supply included)Orientation Vertical /Horizontal VerticalFront fascia: 210L x 90W x 10D mm Front fascia: 210L x 90W x 10D mmMonitor Dimensions (metric)Surface box: 205L x 85W x 14D mmSurface box: 205L x 85W x 14D mmFront fascia: 8.27"L x 3.54"W x 0.39"D Front fascia: 8.27"L x 3.54"W x 0.39"D Monitor Dimensions (U.S.)Surface box: 8.07"L x 3.35"W x 0.55"D Surface box: 8.07"L x 3.35"W x 0.55"DAirControl C DigitalSpecificationsAirControl C LEDPart Number8197038197041 green LED for normal air speed 1 green LED for normal air speed Display – Visual 1 red LED flashing for alarm1 red LED flashing for alarm No digital display3 digit display with velocity readingUnitsN/A meter per second (m/s) / FPM Display Range N/A0 - 2.00 m/s / 0 - 400 FPM Alarm Setpoint Standard: below 0.39m/s / 78 FPMStandard: below 0.39m/s / 78 FPMAlarm Delay Selectable: 15s or 30sSelectable: 15s or 30sAnalog Output 0-10V 0-10VAlarm Indication 1 red LED flashing & audible buzzer1 red LED flashing & audible buzzerAlarm Mute Light On/OffNight Setback On/Off Alarm Relay Yes, optional Yes, optional Battery Back Up Yes, optionalYes, optionalSash High InputAudible and orange flashing LED indicate Audible and orange flashing LED indicatesash position switch has been tripped sash position switch has been trippedMounting Flush or surface box (option)Flush or surface box (option)Calibration**************************/s/100FPM **************************/s/100FPMRecalibration possible Recalibration possible Power Requirement12 VDC (power supply included)12 VDC (power supply included)Orientation Vertical /Horizontal VerticalFront fascia: 210L x 75W x 10D mm Front fascia: 210L x 75W x 10D mmMonitor Dimensions (metric)Surface box: 210L x 85W x 25D mmSurface box: 210L x 85W x 25D mmFront fascia: 8.27"L x 2.95"W x 0.39"D Front fascia: 8.27"L x 2.95"W x 0.39"D Monitor Dimensions (U.S.)Surface box: 8.27"L x 3.35"W x 0.99"D Surface box: 8.27"L x 3.35"W x 0.99"DAirControl C DigitalSpecificationsMONITOR & MOUNTING BOXMounting Box75 mm / 2.95"210 mm / 8.27"SENSOR65 mm / 2.56"28 mm / 1.10"40 mm / 1.57"Ø 22 mm / 0.87"Cable L = 3.5m /137.76” (11.48')NOTE: All dimensions in mm /inchesFace PlatePANEL CUTOUT DIMENSION 64 mm / 2.62"172 mm / 7.02"25 mm / 0.98"20 mm / 0.79"SpecificationsØ 2.8 mm / 0.11"Laboratory Airflow Monitors & ControlsTYPE C STANDARD & NIGHT SETBACKLED & DIGITAL - VAV SYSTEMChemical and pressure resistant sticker Flashing red LED for alarm: air speed too lowAlarm Mute push button Customizable Resin StickerDigital display.Not applicable on LED version“HI” displayed:Airflow too high One green LED lit up:Airflow OKLED fan on/off indicator If fan on, LED orange Fan on/off push button LED light on/off indicator If light on, LED orange Light on/off push button Calibration LED. Should be off when calibration is completedSash high LED. Starts flashing when sash position switch has been trippedOverall ViewFront plate/fasciaOverall ViewFront plate/fasciaChemical and pressure resistant stickerFlashing red LED foralarm: air speed too low Alarm Mute on/off push buttonCustomizable Resin Sticker“HI” displayed:Airflow too highOne green LED lit up:Airflow OKNight Setback on/off indicator. If LED lit up, night setback is on. Alarm cannot sound LED light on/off indicator If light on, LED orange Light on/off push button Calibration LED. Should be off when calibration is completedSash high LED. Starts flashing when sash position switch has been trippedDigital display in m/s or fpmAlarm Relay220v 3A(optional)ONOFFSettings:1. On: Alarm always active Off: Alarm disabled when fan is off2. Alarm delay setting:On: 30 secondsOff: 15 secondsSash High Contact VENT1: Fume fan to inverter ‘run’ relay VENT2: Make-up fan220v 3A Power Supply:115 VAC/12 VDC inputSensor ConnectionBattery back upRechargeable (optional)Contact Light On/Off Control220v 3A Contacts & FeaturesResistance to be cutfor night setback use Auxiliary contact orNight setback contact Reset0-10V signal to link toinverter controlINSTALLATION1) Drill a Ø 23mm / 0.91" hole either in the top or side of the fume cupboard to allow sensor positioning. Make sure sensor is not in a turbulent zone where the pressure can fluctuate but where it can monitor stable changes in pressure. Attention should be paid to dead zones near the top of the fume cupboard.2) Proceed with wiring as seen on page “Contacts & Features”.3) Position and secure monitor to service panel of the fume cupboard with the two self-tapping screws supplied. Do not forget to position “O” ring seal into the moulded groove in the back of the face plate.CONTROLLER SET UP PROCEDUREAll monitors unless indicated otherwise are factory pre-calibrated at 0.5 m/s or 100 FPM. If you need a different sensor calibration and/or displayed speed reading:1) Make sure that controller is properly linked to inverter and that the ventilation is working. Youneed an anemometer to do this set up.2) Pushfor more than 5 seconds, then release and push simultaneouslyfor Standardor for Night Setback within the following 5 seconds. Buzzer sounds twice, the green LED is on and the red LED is flashing indicating controller is in manual set up mode.3) Raise the fume cupboard to its test height e.g. 500mm/19.69".4) Push orto increase or to decrease the fan speed via the inverter until the anemometeris reading required air speed. Every button press increases or decreases the speed of 0.5V producing one beep.The maximum value is 10V, the minimum is 0.3V.For model without digital display (819703), please go directly to step 6.5) For digital display model (819704), press “Reset” button at the back of the controller to change the required speed display from 0.3 m/s/59 FPM to 0.7 m/s/138 FPM, using and . The value will be memorized as the set point.6) Wait for 15 seconds or so for air speed to stabilize.7) To return to “AUTO” mode, push again until the buzzer beeps 3 times (about 3 seconds) and the green LED is illuminated: new calibration (above or equal at 0.2 m/s) is accepted.This is automatically done after 7 minutes in manual mode.The buzzer beeps 10 times in case of incorrect calibration.All updated information is stored in an internal memory which saves and holds the data even in case of power cut.Installation, Calibration & Alarm TestVELOCITY TYPETo change Digital readout from/to m/s to FPM: Press simultaneously the following buttons:until buzzer sounds (about 5 seconds).DISPLAY MESSAGESThe display will show “HI” for an airflow superior to 1 m/s/96 FPM and “LO” for an airflow inferior to 0.20 m/s/40 FPM.In case of faulty, improper or absent sensor, the display will show “PB”.FACTORY DATA RESETPress “Reset” (at the back of the controller) for 15 seconds. Buzzer sounds 5 times.When using this feature, you restore factory default settings: set point and display at 0.5 m/s/100 FPM, 7V output to the inverter and all relays and LEDs deactivated.This operation should be imperatively done in “Auto” mode.TEST MODETest mode is to confirm that all functions are operational. To access test mode, follow this procedure:1) Press simultaneously following buttons:for 2 seconds for Standard orfor 2 seconds for Night Setback* Buzzer sounds twice2) Press the 3 buttons alternately.* Buzzer sounds 3 times indicating normal operating mode* Buzzer sounds 10 times if malfunctionIn case of faulty sensor, the display will show “PB”.Installation, Calibration & Alarm TestMaintenance, Troubleshooting & WarrantyMAINTENANCEFront plate and stickers of airflow monitor may be cleaned with mild soap and water on a damp cloth to remove finger marks, oils and residue. Do not use abrasives. Do not allow liquids to enter the plastic casing. Dry the monitor thoroughly after cleaning.TROUBLESHOOTINGWARRANTYPLASTEC® Ventilation, Inc. warrants its equipment, products and parts, to be free from defects in workmanship and material under normal use and service for one year after delivery to the first user. Product must be returned to point of purchase, with dated bill of sale, within one year of purchase. If factory return is required, please contact distributor first.。
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Operators Manual │ nLIGHT alta™Rack Mounted Fiber LaserTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS (2)REVISION HISTORY (4)SUPPORT (5)ABOUT THIS MANUAL (5)1 LASER SAFETY (6)1.1 Responsibility for Safety (6)1.2 Laser Classification (6)1.3 Hazards and Safety Symbols (6)1.4 Safety Guidelines (7)1.5 Product Safety Labels (9)1.6 Thermal Protection (9)1.7 Electrical Safety (9)1.8 Safety Compliance with Government Requirements (10)1.9 Applied Standards and Regulations (10)1.10 Further Reading (11)2 MODULE DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS (11)2.1 nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser (11)2.2 System Enclosure (12)2.3 Process Fiber (13)2.4 Safety Interlocks (13)3 INSTALLATION (14)3.1 De-Crating and Initial Inspection (14)3.2 Facilities System Connections (15)3.2.1 Cooling System Connection (15)3.2.2 CDA Purge Connection (17)3.3 Process Fiber (17)3.4 Electrical Power Connections (18)3.4.1 DISCONNECT REQUIREMENTS (19)3.4.2 CONNECTION (19)3.5 Control System Connections (19)3.5.1 Command-Line Control Connections (20)3.5.2 External Hardware Control Interface Connections (20)3.5.3 Ethernet Connections (22)3.5.4 Laser Safety Interlock Connections (23)3.5 Software Installation (23)3.6 Network Configuration (24)3.7 Firewall Configuration (26)4 OPERATION (28)4.1 nLIGHT alta TM States (28)4.2 Laser Emission Control (30)4.3 Software User Interface (30)4.3.1 LASER EMISSION Window (32)4.3.2 LASER CONTROL Window (32)4.3.3 STATUS Window (33)4.3.4 SYSTEM CONTROL Window (34)4.3.5 PARAMETERS Window (36)4.4 Starting Up the nLIGHT alta TM (36)4.5 Shutting Down the nLIGHT alta TM (37)4.6 Operating the Aiming Laser (38)4.7 Enabling the Laser (39)4.8 Operating the Laser (40)4.9 Disabling the Laser (40)4.10 Clearing an Error (40)4.11 Clearing a Warning (40)4.12Clearing a Fault (41)5 SOFTWARE COMMANDS (41)5.1 RS-232 Command-Line Control Interface (41)5.2 External Hardware Control Interface (45)5.3 Status Strings (47)5.4 Changing Control Modes (47)6 RETURN FOR FACTORY SERVICE (49)7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS (50)8 APPENDIX (51)8.1 APPENDIX A – DIAGRAMS (51)8.1.1 Input Signal Wiring Diagrams (51)8.1.2 Output Signal Wiring Diagrams (51)8.1.3 GatING OUT Signal Wiring Diagrams (52)8.2 APPENDIX B – CHINA EEP HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION (53)CUSTOMER FEEDBACK FORM (54)REVISION HISTORYSUPPORTFor technical support, please contact n LIGHT Sales & Service Headquarters:n LIGHT CorporationSales & Service5408 NE 88th Street, Building EVancouver, WA 98665, USATel: 360-566-4460Fax: 360-546-1960Website: w Sales Team: s ales@ABOUT THIS MANUALThis instruction manual contains information to help buyers and operators understand how to prepare, operate, and maintain the n LIGHT Photonics alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser.This manual will assist in operating the laser safely and properly. Careful attention to this manual will help avoid risks, reduce repair costs, reduce process downtime, and increase the overall reliability of the laser system.The instruction manual must be read and complied with by users of this laser product. Specific topics covered in this instruction manual include:∙Laser safety∙Installation∙OperationThis instruction manual provides guidelines for safe and reliable laser system operation. In addition to following the instructions in this manual, the laser operator should adhere to mandatory safety regulations, professional technical rules for laser safety, and other professional guidelines for safe laser operation.This instruction manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under copyright law, this document may not be copied in whole or in part or reproduced in any other media without the express written permission of n LIGHT.n LIGHT, the n LIGHT logo, and nLIGHT alta TM are registered trademarks of n LIGHT, Inc.1 LASER SAFETYn LIGHT laser systems are carefully designed and tested to ensure that they are safe and reliable tools when used properly. However, n LIGHT laser systems typically emit light at wavelengths and optical powers that can be extremely hazardous to both people and property if the appropriate safety guidelines are not followed. This danger can be compounded when the output wavelength of laser light is invisible to the naked eye in the infrared spectrum, as is the case with this laser system.1.1 Responsibility for SafetyThe nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is not suitable for direct use and is solely intended to be integrated into a laser product certified by the Purchaser. The device lacks mechanical and/or safety features that contribute to the safe and proper operation of the integrated end product. The Purchaser acknowledges that their integrated end product must comply with the applicable regulations and standards before it can be sold to an end user.1.2 Laser ClassificationGovernmental standards and requirements specify that the laser system must be classified according to the output power or energy and the laser wavelength. In the U.S.A. the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is classified as Class IV based on 21 CFR, subchapter J, part II, section 1040-10(d). Internationally, the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is classified as Class 4 based on the international standard 60825-1:2007. The laser is designed to emit radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum at 1080 nm and has additional spectral content at both 920 and 1135 nm.The nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser also includes an integrated visible (630-665 nm), low power aiming laser beam to assist in optical alignment. The integrated aiming laser is classified as Class IIIb or Class 3B according to the same documents, respectively.Throughout this manual these classifications will be referred to as Class 4 and Class 3B.1.3 Hazards and Safety SymbolsThe following table details the safety consideration symbols used to indicate hazards based on the standard DIN EN 61 310-1.Thisguidelines here can result in life-threatening injuries or death.This symbol indicates an imminent danger of electrical energy. Failure to follow the guidelines here can result in life-threatening injuries or death.This symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation for the operator. Failure to follow the guidelines here can have serious adverse health effects, leading to life-threatening injuries or death.This symbol designates application tips and other useful information.WARNING may result in serious bodily harm or death to you and/or others. Do not proceed beyond the WARNING sign until you completely understand and meet the required conditions.CAUTION may result in damage or destruction to the product or components. Do not proceed beyond the CAUTION sign until you completely understand and meet the required conditions.IEC WARNING TRIANGLE output of this device. This indicates a danger of coherent electromagnetic radiation.Risk of Electrostatic Discharge damaging components.Wear laser safety glasses.Figure 1 - Hazard Symbols Used in this ManualThe Equipment and Product Safety Act requires manufacturers to have operators and users observe generally accepted laser operation guidelines and standards, as well as the Occupational Safety and Accident Prevention regulations.1.4 Safety GuidelinesHigh-power laser systems such as the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser are capable of producing light at power levels and wavelengths that could cause permanent eye damage and other bodily harm if proper safetyguidelines are not followed. In addition to the main beam, any reflections that create secondary beams can also be ofsufficient power to cause eye damage. The nLIGHT alta TMoperates at a high enough power to burn skin, clothing, or other surfaces. Volatile substances can inadvertently be ignited.n LIGHT provides the following recommendations to promote safe use of the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser . Operators are advised to adhere to these recommendations and employ sound laser safety practices at all times.∙Use protective eyewear when operating the laser system or when inside the laser controlled area, and guard against inadvertent exposure to skin or clothing. Be sure to select eyewear that is suitable for use with the wavelengths and radiation intensity that the laser system emits.∙Do not open the protective housing, which confines internal reflections so that they are not hazardous to operators. There are no panel removal switches in the safety interlock chains.∙ Never look directly into the laser beam.∙Provide enclosures for the laser beam whenever possible. Use a beam stop of appropriate material to terminate any potentially hazardous laser beams. Use diffusely reflecting materials near the beam, where appropriate. Cover/block windows, doorways, open portals, etc. to reduce escaping laser beams below appropriate ocular MPE levels.∙ Post the appropriate warning signs and placards.∙ When operating the laser system, limit access to the area to individuals who are trained in laser safety. ∙ Avoid operating the laser system in a darkened environment.∙ Do not use the laser system in the presence of flammables, explosives, or volatile solvents such as alcohol, gasoline, or ether. Ensure that the laser controlled area is adequately ventilated.∙Do not operate the laser system with damaged cables, hoses, or fibers. Defective cables, hoses, and fibers must be replaced before system start-up. Prior to system start-up, verify that all cables, hoses, and fittings are properly and securely connected. Faulty connections can interrupt operation and cause irreparable damage to this product.∙ Shut down the laser system in the event of a malfunction, and contact an n LIGHT Service Representative. Do not resume operation until the malfunction has been completely resolved.∙ Install the laser system in close proximity to the main disconnect circuit breaker panel or switch. Ensure that the main disconnect is clearly marked and within immediate reach of the operator at all times.∙All Class 4 lasers and laser systems require a master switch control. The nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser master switch control is operated by a key. When disabled (key removed), the laser system cannot be operated. Only authorized system operators are to be permitted access to the key.Figure 2 – Key SwitchDirect ocular interception of the laser output beam can cause serious eye damage orblindness. Protective eyewear is required for operation of the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser to shield all Class 4 emissions.1.5 Product Safety LabelsThe following images show representative laser safety labels and how they apply to the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser; exact format and content may vary.IdentificationLabel, Class 4Label, Class 4Label, Class 4Figure 3 – nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser Safety Labels1.6 Thermal ProtectionThe nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is designed to connect to an filtered external cooling system to prevent overheating.∙Thermal management is required for safe and reliable nLIGHT alta TM operation.∙See Installation section for further details about thermal management requirements.1.7 Electrical SafetyThe nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is designed to operate at voltages and currents that could be dangerous if proper safety precautions are not met. Never remove any of the panels. Doing so will void the productwarranty and expose a risk of electrical shock. Always ensure that the electrical connections are in good workingorder and properly secured before applying any electrical energy to the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser .Electrical energy supplied to the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser can reach as high as 240 VAC and 30A. Every portion of the electrical system should be regarded as posing a risk of electrical shock. 1.8 Safety Compliance with Government RequirementsThis product is not certified in accordance with IEC 60825-1:2014 or 21CFR1040.10/ 21CFR1040.11 and is solely intended to be integrated into a laser product certified by the Purchaser. The Purchaser acknowledges that their product (incorporating the nLIGHT laser product) must comply with the applicable regulations before it can be sold. U.S.A. laser safety requirements are contained in 21 CFR, Sub-chapter J and are administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH).The text of this federal law is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office Bookstore located in most major cities in the U.S.A. A report detailing how the laser product complies with Federal law is required before the product is shipped. The form of this report is covered in a pamphlet titled Guide for Preparing Initial Reports and Model Change Reports on Lasers and Products Containing Lasers , HHS Publication FDA 86-8259. This pamphlet is available at no cost from:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health ServiceFood and Drug AdministrationCenter for Devices and Radiological Health Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance Rockville, Maryland 20857 800-638-2041For jurisdictions outside of the U.S.A., it is the responsibility of the buyer of this laser system to ensure that it meets the local laser safety requirements.1.9 Applied Standards and Regulationsn LIGHT recommends adherence to ANSI Z136.1-2014 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers or otherapplicable laser safety standards when operating the nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser .DANGER ELECTRICITY1.10 Further ReadingFor additional information on laser safety, please refer to the following publications:∙American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers, Z136.1, American National Standards Institute, 2014.∙Performance Standard for Laser Products, FDA (FR-40), 148:32252-32265. Department of Health, Education, and Human Service Bureau of Radiological Health, July 31, 1974.∙Laser Safety Guide, Laser Institute of America, 9th Ed., Orlando, Florida 1993.∙Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources, D. Sliney and M. Wolbarsht, Plenum Publishing Co., New York, 1980.∙Safety of Laser Products, Part 1: Equipment Classification, Requirements, and User’s Guide, EN60825-1, 2007, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, Central Secretariat, rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.2 MODULE DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS2.1 nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Lasern LIGHT’s medium power Continuous Wave/Quasi-Continuous Wave (CW/QCW) Fiber Laser (nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser) provides a near diffraction limited or multimode CW or QCW 1080nm beam. Designed for maintenance-free 24/7 industrial operation, the system offers a high brightness solution to meet the rigors of the laser macro and micro materials processing industry. It has been engineered for industrial applications including cutting, welding, and drilling, and was designed for integration into factory automation equipment or a host machine. It cannot be used as a stand-alone product.Figure 4 – nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser (delivery fiber not shown)Figure 5 – nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser Environmental Specifications2.2 System EnclosureThe nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser enclosure consists of a 4U high 19-inch rack-mount box. There are no auditory signals or alarms.Figure 6 – nLIGHT alta TMRack Mounted Fiber Laser Mechanical SpecificationsFigure 7 – nLIGHT alta TMFront View and User InterfaceFigure 8 – nLIGHT alta TMBack View and Utility/Communication ConnectionsAC Power Breaker A/C Power Terminal BlockLEDsAnalog Outputs (A1 A2 A3)Key Switch Safety InterlockControl Interface RS-232 EthernetEMOWater Input/OutputAir InputThe Communication Interface panel shown inFigure 8 provides the following input/output:∙CONTROL INTERFACE (HD26 female)∙RS232 (DB9 female)∙ETHERNET (RJ-45)∙SAFETY INTERLOCK (4-pin)∙Analog A1 A2 A3 (BNC for output signals)The RS-232 interface provides for basic commands such as ON/OFF, setting power level, setting modulation rate, and for polling system status.The AC POWER interface shown inFigure 8 consists of a 3-terminal block (L, N, PE-GND).Figure 9 – nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Laser System Electrical Specifications2.3 Process FiberThe QBH connectorized process fiber is designed to routinely handle power in excess of 1 kW with the following specifications:∙QBH connector with AR coated endcap and interlock∙Required water flow rate min 1.5 l/min, max 2.5 l/min (0.10 MPa min, 0.17 MPa max)∙Max 4 bar pressure input to QBH connector∙Minimum dynamic bend radius of 150 mm, static coil radius of 200 mm2.4 Safety InterlocksThe nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser has two redundant (channels A and B) interlock chains with the following internal items as depicted in Figure 10:∙Relays controlled by firmware∙Delivery fiber interlock∙Front panel key switch∙E-STOP switch (the GUI EMERGENCY STOP button will open a firmware controlled relay)When the safety relays are open, all power to the laser diode drivers is removed and no laser power will emit from the device. Additional interlock items may be added to the interlock chain through the connector described in section3.5.4 Laser Safety Interlock Connections.Figure 10 – nLIGHT alta TM Safety Interlock Chain3 INSTALLATIONThe following sections provide a brief overview of installation tasks.3.1 De-Crating and Initial InspectionPlace the shipping container on a sturdy, level surface and open the top of the box. Check the items listed on the packing list and ensure that all items are available in the container. The container generally includes the following items:∙Laser box∙HD26 male connector with shroud/cover∙External interface noise filter box with power supply and short HD26 cable∙Interlock shorting connector∙Laser feet (x4) for use if laser is not rack mounted∙USB stick with User Interface Software and Operators ManualDo not discard the shipping container or foam packaging since these are requiredif the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser is ever returned to nLIGHT forfactory service.Carefully remove the laser from the container. Inspect the system for any visible signs of shipping damage. Contact n LIGHT if the system enclosure is damaged or if any of the required materials are missing.3.2 Facilities System Connections3.2.1 COOLING SYSTEM CONNECTIONLocation of the water cooling connections are shown in the following figure.Figure 11 – Cooling ConnectionsTo maintain optimal performance and to avoid damaging the cooling system, supplied coolant must be comprised of distilled or filtered water. Water must meet quality specifications listed in Figure 12 - Cooling Water Quality Recommendations.Figure 12 - Cooling Water Quality RecommendationsCAUTION: Using water that does not meet these requirements can lead to premature failure of the laser and is not covered by warranty.Coolant must be drained from system if shut down for more than 2 days. Extended periodsof stagnant coolant can lead to corrosion of the water system and premature failure.Figure 13 - Cooling System Performance SpecificationsTo make the water cooling connections to the module:∙Select the proper I.D. (inner diameter) tubing for connection to the module; standard fittings are ½” or 12.7 mm O.D (outer diameter).∙Make appropriate connections to the water source, either a closed loop chiller or PCW (process chilled water) with sufficient cooling and flow/pressure. It is recommend that blue tubing be used for the supply line, and red tubing be used for the return line.∙Remove the protective covers from the hose barbs as shown in Figure 14–Hose barbs with (left) and without (right) protective covers.Figure 14 –Hose barbs with (left) and without (right) protective covers∙Place hose clamps on both the supply and return tubing.∙Connect supply line from water source onto the module barb labeled “IN”.∙Connect return line to the water source onto the module barb labeled “OUT”.∙Position both hose clamps over the module hoses barbs and tighten as shown in Figure 15–Completed water connections to module.Figure 15 –Completed water connections to module∙After all connections are complete, open return valve to water source. Then slowly open supply valve while checking for leaks.∙If no leaks found, continue with installation. Otherwise, stops leaks by either reseating tubes or tightening hose clamps.3.2.2 CDA PURGE CONNECTIONTo maintain optimal performance and to avoid damaging the system, CDA (Clean Dry Air) must be supplied to the laser to prevent condensation in humid environments. CDA must meet the quality specifications listed in Figure 16 - CDA Quality Requirements.Figure 16 - CDA Quality Requirements* Dew point specification for customer provided CDA.CAUTION: Using CDA that does not meet these requirements can lead to premature failureof the laser and is not covered by warranty.3.3 Process FiberCare must be taken to protect the fiber connector from damage or contamination. A protective cover is provided. After removing the cover, the quartz end-cap should be inspected for contamination and cleaned if necessary before use. To clean the fiber tip:∙Clean with ionized dry air or N2.∙If necessary, wipe gently with lint-free swab moistened with alcohol.The QBH fiber output connector must be cooled on a separate coolant circuit given the different flow requirements listed in Figure 17.Figure 17 - QBH Water RequirementsTo make water cooling connections to the QBH connector (see Figure 18):∙Place SMC MS-5H-6 connectors onto water hoses with 6 mm outer diameter and 4 mm inner diameter.∙Attach connectors to fiber assembly.∙Turn water flow on and check for leaks.CAUTION: Do not overpressurize. Pressure or flow exceeding the values in Figure 17 maycause catastrophic damage to the fiber and QBH connector.Figure 18 - Water lines connected to QBH fiber output connector3.4 Electrical Power ConnectionsThis section describes the electrical power connections to the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser.This equipment was designed to only operate hard-wired to a main disconnect. It was not designed to have a plug attached, and be removable from an outlet. There is a capacitive charge that remains on the cable for up to 5 minutes after the system breakers are thrown. This charge is high enough to potentially causeserious injury or death.3.4.1 DISCONNECT REQUIREMENTSThe user must provide a main disconnect device. This can be either a fused disconnect or a circuit breaker. The rating shall be 240VAC 3 pole, 30 Amps, and be a UL489 Main Breaker. Alternately, a 240VAC 3 phase, 30 Amp IEC 60947-2 rated breaker or fused disconnect may be used. SCCR of fuse or circuit breaker shall exceed 4kA.3.4.2 CONNECTIONConnect a 3-wire single-phase AC power supply to the input terminals. Power requirements are per Figure 9–nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Laser System Electrical Specifications and require an earth ground connection. Installation process is as follows:1. Strip 1cm off the end of the 3 power wires. Minimum wiring requirements are 300V, 10 AWG 60/75°C AWMWire. UL Style 1015 AWM is recommended. Local wiring codes must be adhered to and may supersede this recommendation.For “S tyle 1 Terminal Block” (see Figure 19):2. Figure 19Use a screwdriver to push in the orange button, then insert the bare wire.3. Release the button after the wire is in.For “Style 2 T erminal Block” (see Figure 19):2. Figure 19Use a flat head screwdriver to release the screw, insert the bare wire in to the slot, then tighten thescrew.3. Ensure that each wire is installed in the appropriate location.4. After the power connections are secure, the laser system can be energized by flipping up the circuit breakeron the lower back panel.Style 1 Terminal Block Style 2 Terminal BlockFigure 19 – AC Power Supply ConnectionL: LineN: NeutralEarth ground3.5 Control System ConnectionsThis section describes the control connections to the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser.3.5.1 COMMAND-LINE CONTROL CONNECTIONSSerial digital communications with the nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser are made through an RS-232 interface. RS-232 protocol is 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and no hardware handshaking. See section 5.1 RS-232 Command-Line Control Interface for specific RS-232 commands which are available. The RS-232 connector is a 9 pin female D-type situated on the rear of the electrical unit with the following pin designations:Figure 20 - RS-232 Pin DesignationThe nLIGHT alta TM Rack Mounted Fiber Laser may also be controlled over an Ethernet connection with the supplied user interface software. The Ethernet connection is an RJ-45 connector that supports 10/100Base-T connections to a fixed IP address. Only connect through the Ethernet port on a local/private network. Connecting the Ethernet connector to a broad network can overload the host computer CPU with network traffic and adversely affect laser performance. A USB-to-Ethernet adapter or a second network port can be added to the host computer to create a local private network. See section 3.6 Network Configuration for more details on IP address and subnet mask.3.5.2 EXTERNAL HARDWARE CONTROL INTERFACE CONNECTIONSAll signals on the External Control Interface are electrically isolated from the internal system to allow predictable control in heavy industrial environments. The external control interface provides the following functionality: ∙Clearing errors and enabling the laser∙Turning the aiming laser on/off∙Monitoring system status∙Gating the laser emission∙Observing the internally modulated gating signal∙Setting the average output power level through the optically isolated analog input (0-10V)The External Control Interface is an HDB26 female D-type with the following pin designations:Figure 21 - External Control Interface ConnectorCAUTION: Do not plug/unplug the external interface connector with the main AC powersupply turned on. Voltage/current spikes on the external interface pins can cause the signalsto latch up or cause the internal isolated supply to shut down.The external interface supports 0-5V and 0-24V signals. The voltage threshold is 2.7V to support the 0-5V signals. If your system uses 24V signaling, add an nLIGHT-supplied external noise filter box to increase the switching threshold to 12V.Figure 22 - External Noise Filter BoxFigure 23 – External Control Interface Connector Pin-Out3.5.3 ETHERNET CONNECTIONSA custom software user interface using Ethernet communication has been developed allowing users to control the following system attributes:∙Control transitions between the machine states described in section 4.1 nLIGHT altaTM States.∙Control the laser output gating and power level as described in section 4.2 Laser Emission Control.∙Control the aiming laser output and power.∙Save default settings to non-volatile memory (NVM) to be restored at next power up.∙Observe current status and a simple history of recent changes.∙Observe several system parameters that may help with diagnosing system problems.∙Download status logs which can be used to diagnose system problems.3.5.4 LASER SAFETY INTERLOCK CONNECTIONSThe interface with the safety relay is through a 4-pin connector.Figure 24 – Safety Relay Connector Pin-Out∙Both safety A and B must be shorted to turn on the laser. The external interlock plug shipped with the system has two wire loops to short these connections.∙If not shorted at the plug, twisted pairs are strongly advised for the wires between pins 1 and 2, and between pins 3 and 4, to reduce noise.∙To insert the bare wire, depress and hold the orange button with a small screw driver. Release the button after insertion.Pin 1 Pin 4Figure 25 – External Interlock Plug (shorted)3.5 Software InstallationThe minimum host computer requirements for the user interface software are:∙Windows 7 64-bit operating system∙ 1 GHz or faster CPU∙ 1 GB RAM∙500 MB available hard drive space∙USB-to-RS232 adapter and RS-232 (straight through) cable∙Isolated private network to connect through Ethernet。