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2020济南市历下区一模语文试题及答案

2020济南市历下区一模语文试题及答案
D.简·爱 18 岁时离开学校,来到桑菲尔德庄园做家庭教师,在这里,她遇到了罗切斯特并与 他相爱。
二、(33 分)
(一)课内文言文阅读
阅读下面的文段,完成 6~8 题。(共 9 分)
醉翁亭记
环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰,林壑尤美,望之蔚然而深秀者,琅琊也。山行六七里,渐闻水声潺 潺,而泻出于两峰之间者,酿泉也。峰回路转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉翁亭也。作亭者谁?山之 僧智仙也。名之者谁?太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此,饮少辄醉,而年又最高,故自号曰醉翁也。 醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。山水之乐,得之心而寓之酒也。
(选自《韩非子·解老》)
【注释】①重:重视。②贵:看重。③务:致力于。④疑:犹豫不决。
9.用“/”为下面的文字断句。(只.画.一.处.)(2 分) 慈母之于弱子也务致其福
10.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(3 分) 见必行之道则其从事亦不疑,不疑之谓勇。
11.本文运用了 的说理方法,阐明了圣人对待事物的态度,最后得出的结论是 。(3 分)
四、(32 分) (一)阅读下面的文章,完成 16~18 题。(共 12 分)
深藏故宫里的古老“3D 打印”技术
①紫禁城(今故宫博物院)拥有世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的木结构古建筑群。紫禁城 是皇帝执政和生活的场所,其各建筑的修造,是要经过皇帝事先批准的。可是很少有人知道,皇帝 批准建造一座宫殿之前,是需要审核它们的实物模型的。这种实物模型,就是烫样。
⑤制作好的烫样非常灵活,各个构件之间互不影响,彼此有所联系又各自独立,其屋定、柱子、 门窗甚至内部陈设的桌椅、几案、床榻等每一个小部件都是活动的,从里到外将建筑结构和形态表 现得十分明确。
⑥烫样具有简易性。烫样的制作不需要依赖复杂的建模技术、高科技的辅助设备或大量的资金 即可实现。此外,工匠会在不同的建筑构件表面,贴上含有设计者姓名、建筑名称、控制尺寸、施 工要点等信息的标签。制作好的烫样,皇帝认可之后,样式房方可依据烫样绘制施工设计画样,编 制做法说明,支取工料银两,进而招商承修,开工建设。上述模型制作所需材料造价低廉,加工简 单,实物效果好,易于在实际工程中指导施工。

朝阳区2020年高三一模生物试卷(含答案)

朝阳区2020年高三一模生物试卷(含答案)

北京市朝阳区高三年级学业水平等级性考试练习一生物2020.4(考试时间90分钟满分100分)第一部分(共30分)本部分共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。

1.下图为细胞膜的结构模式图,说法正确的是A.磷脂双分子层是细胞膜的基本支架,③为疏水端,④为亲水端B.细胞癌变时,细胞表面发生变化,①减少使细胞的黏着性降低C.同种生物不同细胞的细胞膜上①、②、⑤的种类和数量完全相同D.性激素、甘油等小分子物质从A侧运输到B侧需要有②或⑤参与2.下列有关生物多样性的叙述正确的是A.群落演替过程中生物多样性一般会逐渐降低B.建立动植物园是保护生物多样性最有效的措施C.湿地能调节气候,体现了生物多样性的直接价值D.生物多样性包括遗传多样性物种多样性、生态系统多样性3.有一种变异发生在两条非同源染色体之间,它们发生断裂后片段相互交换,仅有位置的改变,没有片段的增减。

关于这种变异的说法错误的是A.这种变异使染色体结构改变,在光学显微镜下可见B.该变异一定导致基因突变,为生物进化提供原材料C.该变异可导致染色体上基因的排列顺序发生变化D.该变异是可遗传变异的来源,但不一定遗传给后代4.右图是人体缩手反射的反射弧结构,方框甲、乙代表神经中枢。

当手被尖锐的物体刺痛时,先缩手后产生痛觉。

对此生理过程的分析正确的是A.缩手反射的反射弧为A→B→C→D→EB.图中甲是低级神经中枢,乙是高级神经中枢C.未受刺激时,神经纤维D处的电位是膜内为正、膜外为负D.由甲发出的传出神经末梢释放的神经递质一定能引起乙的兴奋5.下列关于人体免疫的叙述,正确的是A.T细胞受到抗原刺激后可直接转变为效应T细胞B.浆细胞产生的抗体可消灭宿主细胞内的结核杆菌C.记忆细胞在二次免疫过程中产生更快更强的反应D.人体内的吞噬细胞只能参与非特异性免疫的过程6.下列关于细胞的叙述,正确的是A.都能进行细胞呼吸但不一定发生在线粒体中B.都能合成蛋白质但合成场所不一定是核糖体C.都具有细胞膜但不一定具有磷脂双分子层D.都具有细胞核但遗传物质不一定是DNA7.下列与人们饮食观念相关的叙述中,正确的是A.胆固醇会弓起血管粥样硬化,不要摄入B.谷物不含糖类,糖尿病患者可放心食用C.食物中含有的核酸可被消化分解D.过量摄人蛋白质类不会使人长胖8.眼皮肤白化病(OCA)是一种与黑色素(合成时需要酪氨酸酶)合成有关的疾病,虹膜、毛发及皮肤呈现白色症状。

(审核版)山东省潍坊市2020届高三一模(潍坊一模)试题及答案(含答案解析).doc

(审核版)山东省潍坊市2020届高三一模(潍坊一模)试题及答案(含答案解析).doc

保密★启用前试卷类型:A2020年高考模拟考试高三语文2020.3 注意事项:1.本试题分为选择题和非选择题两部分,共9页。

时间150分钟,满分150分。

2.务必将自己的班级、姓名、座号、考号填涂在答题卡的相应位置。

第Ⅰ卷(共36分)一、(15分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

晚风徐来,轻轻地滑过树稍、草尖,树们、草们就腰脊.闪晃,摇曳..着缥缈的梦。

河水迤逦着金色的光,浪花拍击着堤岸的碎石,弹奏着(清纯/清醇)的音符,唱着欢快的歌谣;还有鸟儿的鸣啾.与狗吠、牛哞、羊唤一起喧响,构成了草原的绝唱。

薄薄的雾气氤氲.,轻拂着盘树的虬枝,清丽的河水充盈着①。

两岸茂密绵延的红柳,烂漫成了火焰,尽情燃放,(显示/昭示)着生命的倔强与执着。

星星点点,灯火亮起。

归牧的牛羊走在回家的路上,②。

劳做..的乡民们陆陆续续地收了工,一天的忙碌与疲惫..画上了句号。

人们荷.锄背草,扛袋提筐,脸上挂着串串晶莹的汗珠,洋溢..着对美好生活的(憧憬/希望)。

1.文中加点字的注音和加点词语的字形,都正确的一项是A.脊(jǐ)摇曳B.啾(jiū)劳做C.氲(wēn)疲惫D.荷(hé)洋溢2.依次选用文中括号里的词语,最恰当的一项是A.清纯昭示憧憬B.清醇显示憧憬C.清醇昭示希望D.清纯显示希望3.在文中两处横线上依次填入语句,最恰当的一项是A.①泥土的味道、花草的味道、岁月沉淀的味道②动听的诗行在阵阵蹄声中奏出B.①岁月沉淀的味道、泥土的味道、花草的味道②阵阵蹄声奏出动听的诗行C.①泥土的味道、花草的味道、岁月沉淀的味道②阵阵蹄声奏出动听的诗行D.①岁月沉淀的味道、泥土的味道、花草的味道②动听的诗行在阵阵蹄声中奏出4.下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确的一项是A.一些农村地区的精神文化生活单调,聚众赌博已经蔚然成风....,这无疑会给新农村建设带来巨大的阻碍和危害。

B.目前在通讯行业只有中国移动、中国联通和中国电信三家分庭抗礼....,形成了三足鼎立的市场竞争格局。

2020年济南历下区一模-语文试题+答案

2020年济南历下区一模-语文试题+答案

历下区2020年初三年级学业水平第一次模拟考试语文试题一.(20分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音完.全.正.确.的一项是()(4 分)A.闭塞.(sè)狩.猎(shòu)狡黠.(xié)屡见不鲜.(xiān)B.生肖.(xiào)诡谲.(jué)瘦削.(xuē)冠.状病毒(guàn)C.豪横.(hèng)羸.弱(léi)炽.热(chì)厚德载.物(zài)D.陨.石(yǔn)酵.母(xiào)字帖.(tiè)一塌.糊涂(tā)2.下列词语中没.有.错.别.字.的一项是()(4 分)A.气慨掉书袋油然而生振聋发聩B.战栗区块链轻歌曼舞心旷神怡C.慰藉断舍离相辅相成九宵云外D.汲取雷震雨鸠占鹊巢不经之谈3.下列句子中加点成语使.用.恰.当.的一项是()(4 分)A.很多人知道猎食野生动物是不正确的,却不.以.为.意.,我行我素。

B.疫情期间,全国中学生“停课不停学”,但学习效果良.莠.不.齐.。

C.不良商贩呕.心.沥.血.经营的口罩制假窝点被工商局一举查获。

D.我刚去了大明湖,那里的行.云.流.水.给我留下了深刻印象。

4.下列句子没.有.语.病.的一项是()(4 分)A.《囧妈》这部电影之所以广受欢迎的原因是融入了脉脉的温情。

B.钟南山、李兰娟、张文宏……这一个个名字对广大群众非常熟悉。

C.下班高峰期,为了避免发生交通拥堵,交警部门加大了对机动车辆的疏导力度。

D.各个学校应当拟定校园应急处理方案和防疫演练,保障每个孩子的身体健康。

5.下列关于名著的表述,不.正.确.的一项是()(4 分)A.“镇关西”郑屠户欺男霸女,激怒武松,之后武松三拳打死镇关西,被迫到五台山出家为僧。

B.保尔在发电厂工作时结识了老水手朱赫来,在这位老水手的教育下,他走上了革命道路。

C.《红星照耀中国》中,“个子清瘦,中等身材,骨骼小而结实,胡子又长又黑,仍不脱孩子气”描写的是周恩来。

2020年北京市西城区九年级一模数学试题及答案解析

2020年北京市西城区九年级一模数学试题及答案解析

2020年北京市西城区九年级一模数学试题一、选择题1.北京大兴国际机场目前是全球建设规模最大的机场,2019年,9月25日正式通航,预计到2022年机场旅客吞吐量将达到45 000 000人次,将45 000 000用科学记数法表示为()A. 45×61010 C. 4.5×810 B. 4.5×710 D. 0.45×9【答案】B【解析】【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.【详解】解:将数据45000000用科学记数法可表示为:4.5×107.故答案选:B.【点睛】此题考查科学记数法的表示方法.表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值.2.如图是某个几个几何体的三视图,该几何体是()A. 圆锥B. 圆柱C. 长方体D. 正三棱柱【答案】B【解析】【分析】由主视图和俯视图确定是柱体,由左视图确定具体形状.【详解】解:从主视图和俯视图可以确定是柱体,然后由左视图可以确定此物体为一个横放着的圆柱.故答案为:B.【点睛】考查学生对三视图掌握程度和灵活运用能力,同时也体现了对空间想象能力方面的考查.主视图、左视图、俯视图是分别从物体正面、左面和上面看,所得到的图形.3.下面的图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是()A. B.C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据轴对称图形与中心对称图形的概念逐一进行判断即可.【详解】解:A、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形.故选项错误;B、不是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形.故选项错误;C、是轴对称图形,也是中心对称图形.故选项正确;D、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形.故选项错误,故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念:轴对称图形的关键是寻找对称轴,图形两部分沿对称轴折叠后可重合;中心对称图形是要寻找对称中心,旋转180度后与原图重合.4.在数轴上,点A,B表示的数互为相反数,若点A在点B的左侧,且2,则点A,点B表示的数分别是()A. 222,2 C. 0,2 D. 2,2【答案】A【解析】【分析】根据相反数的定义即可求解.【详解】解:由A、B表示的数互为相反数,且2,点A在点B的左侧,得点A,点B表示的数分别是22.故选:A.【点睛】本题考查了相反数的知识,属于基础题,注意熟练掌握相反数的概念是解题的关键.5.如图,AB是⊙O的直径,C,D是⊙O上的两点.若∠CAB=65 ,则∠ADC的度数为()A. 65︒B. 35︒C. 32.5︒D. 25︒【答案】D【解析】【分析】首先利用直径所对的圆周角是直角得到∠ACB=90°,然后根据∠CAB=65°求得∠ABC的度数,利用同弧所对的圆周角相等即可得到答案.【详解】解:∵AB是直径,∴∠ACB=90°,∵∠CAB=65°,∴∠ABC=∠ACB -∠CAB=90°-65°=25°,∵∠ADC和∠ABC所对的弧相同∴∠ADC=∠ABC=25°,故选:D.【点睛】本题考查了圆周角的知识,解题的关键是掌握直径所对的圆周角为直角.6.甲、乙两名运动员10次射击成绩(单位,环)如图所示.甲、乙两名运动员射击成绩平均数记为x甲,x乙,则下列关系中完全正确的是()A. x甲=x乙,2S甲>2乙S B. x甲= x乙,2S甲<2乙SC. x甲>x乙,2S甲>2乙S D. x甲<x乙,2S甲<2乙S【答案】A 【解析】【分析】分别求出甲、乙两名运动员10次射击成绩的平均数和方差即可. 【详解】解:8492104910x ⨯+⨯+⨯==甲 8394103910x ⨯+⨯+⨯==乙 ∴x x =乙甲()()()222289499210944105S -⨯+-⨯+-⨯==甲 ()()()222289399410933105S -⨯+-⨯+-⨯==乙 ∴22S S >甲乙故选:A .【点睛】此题考查了平均数和方差,掌握平均数和方差公式是解题的关键.7.如图,在数学实践活动课上,小明同学打算通过测量树的影长计算树的高度,阳光下他测得长1m 的竹竿落在地面上的影长为0.9m ,在同一时刻测量树的影长时,他发现树的影子有一部分落在地面上,还有一部分落在墙面上,他测得这棵树落在地面上的影长BD 为2.7m ,落在墙面上的影长CD 为1.0m ,则这棵树的高度是( )A. 6.0mB. 5.0mC. 4.0mD. 3.0m【答案】C【解析】【分析】 根据在同一时刻物高和影长比值相同,即在同一时刻的两个物体,影子,经过物体顶部的太阳光线三者构成的两个直角三角形相似进而解答即可.【详解】解:延长AC 交BD 延长线于点E ,根据物高与影长成正比得:109 CDDE.=,∵CD=1,∴1109 DE.=解得:DE=0.9,则BE=2.7+0.9=3.6米,∵AB∥CD,∴△ABE∽△CDE,∴AB BE CD DE=,即36 109 AB..=,解得:AB=4,即树AB的高度为4米,故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的性质,解决本题的关键是作出辅助线得到AB的影长.8.设m是非零实数,给出下列四个命题:①若-1<m<0,则1m<m<2m;②若m>1,则1m<2m<m;③若m<1m<2m,则m<0;④2m<m<1m,则0<m<1.其中命题成立的序号是()A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ③④【答案】B【解析】【分析】逐个进行一次判断即可,判断一个命题是假命题,只需举出一个反例.【详解】解:①若-1<m<0,则1m<m<2m,成立,是真命题;②若m>1,取m=2时,m2=4,m<m2,原命题不成立;③若m<1m<2m,取m=-12时,1m=-2,m>1m,原命题不成立;④2m<m<1m,则0<m<1,成立,是真命题;成立的有①④,故选:B.【点睛】此题考查了命题和不等式,解题的关键是理解不等式的性质.二、填空题9.x的取值范围是_______.x≥【答案】1【解析】先根据二次根式有意义的条件列出关于x的不等式,求出x的取值范围即可.解:∴x-1≥0,解得x≥1.故答案x≥1.本题考查的是二次根式有意义的条件,即被开方数大于等于0.10.一个多边形的内角和是外角和的2倍,则这个多边形的边数为________.【答案】6.【解析】【分析】由多边形的外角和等于360°,可得多边形的内角和为720°,根据多边形的内角和公式,即可求解.【详解】∵多边形的外角和是360度,多边形的内角和是外角和的2倍,∴内角和是720度,∵720÷180+2=6,∴这个多边形是六边形.故答案为:6.【点睛】本题主要考查多边形的内角和与外角和,掌握多边形的外角和等于360°以及多边形的内角和公式,是解题的关键.11.已知y是以x为自变量的二次函数,且当x=0时,y的最小值为-1,写出一个满足上述条件的二次函数表达式_______.【答案】y=x2-1.【解析】【分析】直接利用二次函数的性质得出其顶点坐标为(0,-1),然后写出一个满足题意的二次函数即可.【详解】解:∵y 是以x 为自变量的二次函数,且当x=0时,y 的最小值为-1,∴二次函数对称轴是y 轴,且顶点坐标为:(0,-1),抛物线开口向上,故满足上述条件的二次函数表达式可以为:y=x 2-1.故答案为:y=x 2-1.【点睛】此题主要考查了二次函数的性质,正确得出其顶点坐标是解题关键.12.如果21a a +=,那么代数式2111a a a ---的值是______. 【答案】1【解析】【分析】 先根据分式的运算法则将2111a a a ---进行化简,再将21a a +=的值代入即可. 【详解】解:2111a a a --- ()()1111a a a a -=-+- ()()111a a a a a a +=-++ ()11a a =+ 21a a=+ ∵21a a += ∴原式211a a==+ 故答案为:1.【点睛】本题主要考查分式的化简求值,解题的关键是掌握分式的混合运算顺序和运算法则.13.如图,在正方形ABCD 中,BE 平分∠CBD ,EF ⊥BD 于点F ,若,则BC 的长为_________.21【解析】【分析】根据正方形的性质,角平分线的性质可得到△DEF 为等腰直角三角形,然后设BC=CD=x ,利用勾股定理解答即可.【详解】解:∵四边形ABCD 为正方形,∴∠C=90°,∠CDB=45°,BC=CD .∴EC ⊥CB .又∵BE 平分∠CBD ,EF ⊥BD ,∴EC=EF .∵∠CDB=45°,EF ⊥BD ,∴△DEF 为等腰直角三角形,∴DF=EF ,设BC=CD=x ,∵2,∴2,即2,在Rt △DEF 中,222DE DF EF =+, ∴((222222x x += 解得21∴21故答案为:21+.【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质,角平分线的性质,勾股定理,熟练掌握相关图形的性质是解题的关键.14.如图,△ABC的顶点A,B,C都在边长为1的正方形网格的格点上,BD⊥AC于点D,则AC的长为________,BD的长为_________.【答案】(1). 5 (2). 3【解析】【分析】根据图形和三角形的面积公式求出△ABC的面积,根据勾股定理求出AC,根据三角形的面积公式计算即可.【详解】如图所示:由勾股定理得:AC=2234+=5,S△ABC=12BC×AE=12×BD×AC,∵AE=3,BC=5,即12×3×5=12×5BD,解得:BD=3.故答案为:5;3.【点睛】本题主要考查了勾股定理的知识,解题的关键是利用勾股定理求出AC的长,此题难度一般.15.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点A,B,C的坐标分别是(0,4),(4,0),(8,0),⊙M是△ABC 的外接圆,则点M的坐标为___________.【答案】(6,6)【解析】【分析】如图:由题意可得M在AB、BC的垂直平分线上,则BN=CN;证得ON=OB+BN=6,即△OMN是等腰直角三角形,得出MN=ON=6,即可得出答案.【详解】解:如图∵圆M是△ABC的外接圆∴点M在AB、BC的垂直平分线上,∴BN=CN,∵点A,B,C的坐标分别是(0,4),(4,0),(8,0)∴OA=OB=4,OC=8,∴BC=4,∴BN=2,∴ON=OB+BN=6,∵∠AOB=90°,∴△AOB是等腰直角三角形,∵OM⊥AB,∴∠MON=45°,∴△OMN是等腰直角三角形,∴MN=ON=6,点M的坐标为(6,6).故答案为(6,6).【点睛】本题考查了三角形的外接圆与外心、坐标与图形性质、等腰直角三角形的判定与性质等知识,其中判定△OMN 为等腰直角三角形是解答本题的关键.16.某景区为了解游客人数的变化规律,提高旅游服务质量,收集并整理了某月(30天)接待游客人数(单位:万人)的数据,绘制了下面的统计图和统计表:根据以上信息,以下四个判断中,正确的是_________.(填写所有正确结论的序号) ①该景区这个月游玩环境评价为“拥挤或严重拥挤”的天数仅有4天; ②该景区这个月每日接待游客人数的中位数在5~10广域网人之间; ③该景区这个月平均每日接待游客人数低于5万人;④这个月1日至5日的五天中,如果某人曾经随机选择其中的两天到该景区游玩,那么他“这两天游玩环境评价均为好”的可能性为310. 【答案】①④ 【解析】 【分析】利用统计图与统计表获取的信息逐项判定即可.【详解】解:①根据统计表可得日接待游客人数10≤x< 15为拥挤,15≤x< 20为严重拥挤,由统计图可知,游玩环境评价为“拥挤或严重拥挤”,1日至5日有2天,25日-30日有2天,共4天,故①正确;②本题中位数是指将30天的游客人数从小到大排列,第15与第16位的和除以2,根据统计图可知0≤x < 5的有16天,从而中位数位于0≤x< 5范围内,故②错误;③从统计图可以看出,接近10的有6天,大于10而小于15的有2天,15以上的有2天,10上下的估算为10,则(10×8+15×2-5×10)÷16=3.25,可以考虑为给每个0至5的补上3.25,则大部分大于5,而0至5范围内有6天接近5,故平均数一定大于5,故③错误; ④由题意可知“这两天游玩环境评价均为好”的可能性为3235410⨯=,故④正确. 故答案为①④.【点睛】本题考查了中位数、平均数及可能性等知识,利用统计图与统计表获取的有效信息是解答本题的关键.三、解答题17.计算:101()(1|2sin 602-++-°. 【答案】3 【解析】 【分析】先运用负整数次幂、零次幂、取绝对值和特殊角的三角函数对原式化简,然后进行计算即可.【详解】解:101()(1|2sin 602-++-°=3【点睛】本题主要考查了负整数次幂、零次幂、取绝对值和特殊角的三角函数等知识点,灵活应用相关运算法则是解答本题的关键.18.解不等式组3(2)22254x x x x -<-⎧⎪⎨+<⎪⎩.【答案】52<x <4 【解析】 【分析】先分别求出各不等式的解析,然后各不等式解集的公共部分即为不等式组的解集.【详解】解:3(2)22254x x x x -<-⎧⎪⎨+<⎪⎩①②由①得x <4 由②得x >52所以不等式组的解集为:52<x <4 【点睛】本题考查了解一元一次不等式组,根据不等式的解集确定不等式组的解集是解答本题的关键. 19.关于x 的一元二次方程22(21)0x m x m -++=有两个实数根 (1)求m 的取值范围;(2)写出一个满足条件的m 的值,求此时方程的根. 【答案】(1)m≥14-;(2) 当m=0时,方程的根为x 1=1,x 2=0. 【解析】 【分析】(1)根据根的判别式列出不等式并求解即可;(2)确定一个满足条件且方便计算的m ,然后解一元二次方程即可. 【详解】解:(1)由题意得:△=(2m+1)2-4m 2≥0,解得:m≥14-; (2)当m=0时,原方程为:20x x -=,解得x 1=1,x 2=0.【点睛】本题主要考查了根的判别式,一元二次方程ax 2+bx+c=0(a ≠0)的根与△=b 2-4ac 有如下关系:①当△> 0时,方程有两个不相等的实数根;②当△=0时,方程有两个相等的实数根;③当△< 0时,方程无实数根.20.如图,在Y ABCD 中,对角线AC ,BD 交于点O ,OA=OB ,过点B 作BE ⊥AC 于点E . (1)求证:Y ABCD 是矩形;(2)若AD=cos ∠,求AC 的长.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)5.【解析】【分析】(1)先说明.OA=OC,OB=OD,再证得AC=BD,即可证明Y ABCD是矩形;(2)先说明∠BAD=∠ADC=90°,再求得∠CAD=∠ABE,最后解直角三角形即可.【详解】(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形∴OA=OC,OB=OD又∵OA=OB,∴OA=OB=OC=OD,∴AC=BD,∴Y OABCD是矩形;(2)解∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴∠BAD=∠ADC=90°,∴∠BAC+∠CAD=90°,∵BE⊥AC,∴∠BAC+∠ABE=90°,∴∠CAD=∠ABE,在Rt△ACD中,AD=5cos∠CAD=ADAC=cos∠25∴AC=5.【点睛】本题考查了矩形的判定和性质、平行四边形的性质、解直角三角形等知识点,掌握矩形的判定和性质定理是解题答本题的关键.21.先阅读下列材料,再解答问题.尺规作图已知:△ABC,D是边AB上一点,如图1,求作:四边形DBCF,使得四边形DBCF是平行四边形.小明的做法如下:请你参考小明的做法,再设计一一种尺规作图的方法(与小明的方法不同),使得画出的四边形DBCF是平行四边形,并证明.【答案】见解析【解析】【分析】利用平行四边形的判定方法作图证明即可.【详解】解:(1)设计方案先画一个符合题意的草图,再根据两组对边分别相等的四边形是平行四边形.(2)设计作图步骤完成作图作法:如图:①以点C为圆心,BC长为半径画弧;②以点D为圆心,BC长为半径画弧,;③两弧交于点F,四边形DBCF即为所求.(3)推理论证证明:∵CF=BD,DF=BC∴四边形DBCF是平行四边形.【点睛】本题考查了尺规作图、平行四边形的判定等知识点,灵活应用平行四边形的判定方法是解答本题的关键.22.运用语音识别输入统计可以提高文字输入的速度,为了解A,B两种语音识别输入软件的可读性,小秦同学随机选择了20段话,其中每段话都含有100个字(不计标点符号),在保持相同条件下,标准普通话来测试两种语音识别输入软件的准确性,整个测试分析过程如下,请补充完整.(1)收集数据:两种软件每次识别正确的字数记录如下:(2)整理,描述数据:根据上面得到的两组样本数据,绘制了分布直方图(3)分析数据:两组样本数据的平均数,众数,中位数,方差如下表所示平均数众数中位数方差A 84.7 84.5 88.91B 83.7 96 184.01(4)得出结论:根据以上信息.判断____种语音识别输入软件的准确性较好,理由如下._______________(至少从两个不同的角度说明判断的合理性) . 【答案】(2)见解析;(3)92,88.5;(4)见解析. 【解析】 【分析】(2)先统计数据,再补全频数分布直方图即可; (3)根据众数和中位数的定义计算即可; (4)从平均数、方差两个角度分析即可.【详解】解:(2)统计B 组数据得到:60-70的频数为2,70-80的频数为4,则补全频数分布直方图如图所示:(3)在A 组数据中92出现的次数最多,故A 组的众数为92;B 组的中位数为第10个和第11个数分别为88和89,则中位数为(88+89)÷2=88.5.故答案如图:(4)A 种语音识别输入软件的准确性较好,理由如下: ∵A 种语音的平均数=84.7,B 种语音的平均数=83.7, ∴84.7> 83.7,故A 种语音识别输入软件的准确性较好, ∵A 种语音的方差=88.91,B 种语音的方差=184.01, ∴88.91< 184.01,故A 种语音识别输入软件的准确性较好.【点睛】本题考查频数分布直方图、频数分布表、方差等知识,明确题意、灵活应用所学知识是解答本题的关键.23.如图,四边形OABC 中,90OAB ︒∠=.OA=OC , BA=BC .以O 为圆心,以OA 为半径作☉O(1)求证:BC是☉O的切线:(2)连接BO并延长交⊙O于点D,延长AO交⊙O于点E,与此的延长线交于点F若»».AD AC①补全图形;②求证:OF=OB.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)①图见解析(2)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)连接AC,根据等腰三角形的性质得到∠OAC=∠OCA,∠BAC=∠BCA,得到∠OCB=∠OAB=90°,根据切线的判定定理证明;(2)①根据题意画出图形;②根据切线长定理得到BA=BC,得到BD是AC的垂直平分线,根据垂径定理、圆心角和弧的关系定理得到∠AOC=120°,根据等腰三角形的判定定理证明结论.【详解】(1)证明:如图1,连接AC,∵OA=OC,∴∠OAC=∠OCA,∵BA=BC,∴∠BAC=∠BCA,∴∠OAC+∠BCA=∠OCA+∠BCA,即∠OCB=∠OAB=90°,∴OC⊥BC,∴BC是⊙O的切线;(2)①解:补全图形如图2;②证明:∵∠OAB=90°,∴BA是⊙O的切线,又BC是⊙O的切线,∴BA=BC,∵BA=BC,OA=OC,∴BD是AC的垂直平分线,∴»»AD CD=,∵»»=,AD AC∴»»==»AC,AD CD∴∠AOC=120°,∴∠AOB=∠COB=∠COE=60°,∴∠OBF=∠F=30°,∴OF=OB.【点睛】本题考查的是切线的判定、垂径定理、切线长定理的应用,掌握切线的判定定理、圆心角和弧之间的关系定理是解题的关键.24.如图,在△ABC中,AB=4cm.BC=5cm,P是»AB上的动点.设A,P两点间的距离为xcm,B,P两点间的距离为1y cm,C,P两点间的距离为2y cm.小腾根据学习函数的经验,分别对函数1y,2y随自变量x的变化而变化的规律进行了探究.下面是小腾的探究过程,请补充完整:(1)按照下表中自变量x 的值进行取点、画图、测量,分别得到了1y ,2y 的几组对应值: x/cm0 1 2 3 4 1y /cm 4.003.692.132y /cm3.00 3.914.715.23 5(2)在同一平面直角坐标系xOy 中,描出补全后的表中各组数值所对应的点(x ,1y ),(x ,2y ),并画出函数1y ,2y 的图象:(3)结合函数图象.①当△PBC 为等腰三角形时,AP 的长度约为____cm .②记»AB所在圆的圆心为点O ,当直线PC 恰好经过点O 时,PC 的长度约为_____cm . 【答案】(1)3.09(答案不唯一);(2)见解析;(3)①0.83或2.49(答案不唯一).②5.32(答案不唯一). 【解析】 【分析】(1)利用图象法解决问题即可; (2)描点绘图即可;(3)①分PB=PB 、PC=BC 、PB=BC 三种情况,分别求解即可;②当直线PC 恰好经过点O 时,PC 的长度取得最大值,观察图象即可求解. 【详解】解:(1)由画图可得,x=4时,y 1≈3.09cm (答案不唯一). 故答案为:3.09(答案不唯一).(2)描点绘图如下:(3)①由y1与y2的交点的横坐标可知,x≈0.83cm时,PC=PB,当x≈2.49cm时,y2=5cm,即PC=BC,观察图象可知,PB不可能等于BC,故答案为:0.83或2.49(答案不唯一).②当直线PC恰好经过点O时,PC的长度取得最大值,从图象看,PC=y2≈5.32cm,故答案为5.32(答案不唯一).【点睛】本题考查函数的图象,等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是理解题意,学会利用图象法解决问题,属于中考常考题型.25.在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线L:y=kx+2k(k>0)与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,与函数myx(x>0)的图象的交点P位于第一象限.(1)若点P的坐标为(1,6),①求m的值及点A的坐标;②PBPA=_________;(2)直线h:y=2kx-2与y轴交于点C,与直线L1交于点Q,若点P的横坐标为1,①写出点P的坐标(用含k的式子表示);②当PQ≤PA时,求m的取值范围.【答案】(1)①6;(−2,0)②13;(2)①P(1,3k)②m≥3【解析】【分析】(1)①把P (1,6)代入函数m y x=(x >0)即可求得m 的值,直线l1:y =kx +2k (k >0)中,令y =0,即可求得x 的值,从而求得A 的坐标;②把P 的坐标代入y =kx +2k 即可求得k 的值,进而求得B 的坐标,然后根据勾股定理求得PB 和PA ,即可求得PB PA的值; (2)①把x =1代入y =kx +2k ,求得y =3k ,即可求得P (1,3k );②分别过点P 、Q 作PM ⊥x 轴于M ,QN ⊥x 轴于N ,则点M 、点N 的横坐标1,2+2k,若PQ =PA ,则PQ PA =1,根据平行线分线段成比例定理则PQ PA =MN MA =1,得出MN =MA =3,即可得到2+2k−1=3,解得k =1,根据题意即可得到当PQ PA =MN MA≤1时,k ≥1,则m =3k ≥3. 【详解】(1)①令y =0,则kx +2k =0,∵k >0,解得x =−2,∴点A 的坐标为(−2,0),∵点P 的坐标为(1,6),∴m =1×6=6;②∵直线l 1:y =kx +2k (k >0)函数m y x =(x >0)的图象的交点P ,且P (1,6), ∴6=k +2k ,解得k =2,∴y =2x +4,令x =0,则y =4,∴B (0,4),∵点A 的坐标为(−2,0),∴PA =PB =∴PBPA 13=, 故答案为13; (2)①把x =1代入y =kx +2k 得y =3k ,∴P (1,3k );②由题意得,kx +2k =2kx−2,解得x=2+2k,∴点Q的横坐标为2+2k,∵2+2k>1(k>0),∴点Q在点P的右侧,如图,分别过点P、Q作PM⊥x轴于M,QN⊥x轴于N,则点M、点N的横坐标为1,2+2k,若PQ=PA,则PQPA=1,∴PQPA=MNMA=1,∴MN=MA,∴2+2k−1=3,解得k=1,∵MA=3,∴当PQPA=MNMA≤1时,k≥1,∴m=3k≥3,∴当PQ≤PA时,m≥3.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与反比例函数的交点问题,待定系数法求解析式,勾股定理的应用,利用函数图象解决问题是本题的关键.26.已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+a+2(a≠0)与x轴交于点A(x1,0),点B(x2,0),(点A在点B的左侧),抛物线的对称轴为直线x=-1.(1)若点A 的坐标为(-3,0),求抛物线的表达式及点B 的坐标;(2)C 是第三象限的点,且点C 的横坐标为-2,若抛物线恰好经过点C ,直接写出x 2的取值范围;(3)抛物线的对称轴与x 轴交于点D ,点P 在抛物线上,且∠DOP=45°,若抛物线上满足条件的点P 恰有4个,结合图象,求a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)21322y x x =--+,(1,0);(2)-1<x 2<0;(3)a <-2. 【解析】【分析】(1)由题意可知抛物线的对称轴为12b x a =-=-,求出b=2a ,将点A 的坐标代入抛物线的表达式,即可求解;(2)根据题意可得点C 在第三象限,即点A 在点C 和函数对称轴之间,故-2<x 1<-1,继而进行分析即可求解;(3)根据题意可得满足条件的P 在x 轴的上方有2个,在x 轴的下方也有2个,则抛物线与y 轴的交点在x 轴的下方,即可求解.【详解】解:(1)抛物线的对称轴为12b x a =-=-,解得:b=2a , 故y=ax 2+bx+a+2=a (x+1)2+2,将点A 的坐标代入上式并解得:12a =-, 故抛物线的表达式为:2221)2113(22y x x x =-++=--+; 令y=0,即213220x x --+=,解得:x=-3或1, 故点B 坐标为:(1,0).(2)由(1)知:2(1)2y a x =++,点C 在第三象限,即点C 在点A 的下方,即点A 在点C 和函数对称轴之间,故-2<x 1<-1, 而121(1)2x x +=-,即x 2=-2-x 1, 故-1<x 2<0.(3)∵抛物线的顶点为(-1,2),∴点D (-1,0),∵∠DOP=45°,若抛物线上满足条件的点P 恰有4个,∴抛物线与x 轴的交点在原点的左侧,如下图,∴满足条件的P 在x 轴的上方有2个,在x 轴的下方也有2个,则抛物线与y 轴的交点在x 轴的下方,当x=0时,2220y ax bx a a =+++=+<,解得:a <-2,故a 的取值范围为:a <-2.【点睛】本题考查的是二次函数综合运用,涉及到解不等式、函数作图,解题的关键是通过画出抛物线的位置,确定点的位置关系,进而分析求解即可.27.如图,在等腰直角△ABC 中,∠ACB=90 点P 在线段BC 上,延长BC 至点Q ,使得CQ=CP ,连接AP ,AQ .过点B 作BD ⊥AQ 于点D ,交AP 于点E ,交AC 于点F .K 是线段AD 上的一个动点(与点A ,D 不重合),过点K 作GN ⊥AP 于点H ,交AB 于点G ,交AC 于点M ,交FD 的延长线于点N .(1)依题意补全图1;(2)求证:NM=NF ;(3)若AM=CP ,用等式表示线段AE ,GN 与BN 之间的数量关系,并证明.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)见解析;(3)BN=AE+GN ,见解析.【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意补全图1即可;(2)根据等腰三角形的性质得到AP=AQ,求得∠APQ=∠Q,求得∠MFN=∠Q,同理,∠NMF=∠APQ,等量代换得到∠MFN=∠FMN,于是得到结论;(3)连接CE,根据线段垂直平分线的性质得到AP=AQ,求得∠PAC=∠QAC,得到∠CAQ=∠QBD,根据全等三角形的性质得到CP=CF,求得AM=CF,得到AE=BE,推出直线CE垂直平分AB,得到∠ECB=∠ECA=45°,根据全等三角形的性质即可得到结论.【详解】(1)依题意补全图1如图所示;(2)∵CQ=CP,∠ACB=90°,∴AP=AQ,∴∠APQ=∠Q,∵BD⊥AQ,∴∠QBD+∠Q=∠QBD+∠BFC=90°,∴∠Q=∠BFC,∵∠MFN=∠BFC,∴∠MFN=∠Q,同理,∠NMF=∠APQ,∴∠MFN=∠FMN,∴NM=NF;(3)连接CE,∵AC⊥PQ,PC=CQ,∴AP=AQ,∴∠PAC=∠QAC,∵BD⊥AQ,∴∠DBQ+∠Q=90°,∵∠Q+∠CAQ=90°,∴∠CAQ=∠QBD,∴∠PAC=∠FBC,∵AC=BC,∠ACP=∠BCF,∴△APC≌△BFC(AAS),∴CP=CF,∵AM=CP,∴AM=CF,∵∠CAB=∠CBA=45°,∴∠EAB=∠EBA,∴AE=BE,∵AC=BC,∴直线CE垂直平分AB,∴∠ECB=∠ECA=45°,∴∠GAM=∠ECF=45°,∵∠AMG=∠CFE,∴△AGM≌△CEF(ASA),∴GM=EF,∵BN=BE+EF+FN=AE+GM+MN,∴BN=AE+GN.【点睛】本题考查了三角形的综合题,全等三角形的判定和性质,等腰直角三角形的性质,线段垂直平分线的判定和性质,正确的识别图形是解题的关键.28.对于平面直角坐标系xOy中的图形W1和图形W2.给出如下定义:在图形W1上存在两点A,B(点A,B可以重合),在图形W2上存在两点M,N,(点M于点N可以重合)使得AM=2BN,则称图形W1和图形W2满足限距关系(1)如图1,点C(1,0),D(-1,0),E(0,3),点P 在线段DE 上运动(点P 可以与点D ,E 重合),连接OP ,CP .①线段OP 的最小值为_______,最大值为_______;线段CP 的取值范直范围是_____;②在点O ,点C 中,点____________与线段DE 满足限距关系;(2)如图2,⊙O 的半径为1,直线3y x b =+(b>0)与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点F ,G .若线段FG 与⊙O 满足限距关系,求b 的取值范围; (3)⊙O 的半径为r(r>0),点H ,K 是⊙O 上的两个点,分别以H ,K 为圆心,1为半径作圆得到⊙H 和 K ,若对于任意点H ,K ,⊙H 和⊙K 都满足限距关系,直接写出r 的取值范围.【答案】(13332CP ≤≤,②O;(2)13b ≥;(3)0<r≤3. 【解析】【分析】(1)①根据垂线段最短以及已知条件,确定OP ,CP 的最大值,最小值即可解决问题.②根据限距关系的定义判断即可.(2)直线3y x b =+与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点F ,G (0,b ),分三种情形:①线段FG 在⊙O 内部,②线段FG 与⊙O 有交点,③线段FG 与⊙O 没有交点,分别构建不等式求解即可.(3)如图3中,不妨设⊙K ,⊙H 的圆心在x 轴上位于y 轴的两侧,根据⊙H 和⊙K 都满足限距关系,构建不等式求解即可.【详解】(1)①如图1中,∵D (-1,0),E(03,∴OD=1,3OE = ∴3OE tan EDO OD∠== ∴∠EDO=60°,当OP ⊥DE 时,3•60OP OD sin =︒=,此时OP 的值最小, 当点P 与E 重合时,OP 3当CP ⊥DE 时,CP 的值最小,最小值•603CD cos =︒=当点P 与D 或E 重合时,PC 的值最大,最大值为2, 3332CP ≤≤. ②根据限距关系的定义可知,线段DE 上存在两点M ,N ,满足OM=2ON ,故点O 与线段DE 满足限距关系.故答案为O .(2)直线3y x b =+与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点F ,G (0,b ), 当0<b <1时,线段FG 在⊙O 内部,与⊙O 无公共点,此时⊙O 上的点到线段FG 的最小距离为1-b ,最大距离为1+b ,∵线段FG 与⊙O 满足限距关系,∴1+b ≥2(1-b ), 解得13b ≥, ∴b 的取值范围为131b ≤<. 当1≤b ≤2时,线段FG 与⊙O 有公共点,线段FG 与⊙O 满足限距关系,当b >2时,线段FG 在⊙O 的外部,与⊙O 没有公共点,此时⊙O上的点到线段FG的最小距离为121b-,最大距离为b+1,∵线段FG与⊙O满足限距关系,∴11212b b⎛⎫+≥-⎪⎝⎭,而11212b b⎛⎫+≥-⎪⎝⎭总成立,∴b>2时,线段FG 与⊙O满足限距关系,综上所述,b的取值范围为13 b≥.(3)如图3中,不妨设⊙K,⊙H的圆心在x轴上位于y轴的两侧,两圆的距离的最小值为2r-2,最大值为2r+2,∵⊙H和⊙K都满足限距关系,∴2r+2≥2(2r-2),解得r≤3,故r的取值范围为0<r≤3.【点睛】本题属于圆综合题,考查了解直角三角形,垂线段最短,直线与圆的位置关系,限距关系的定义等知识,解题的关键是理解题意,学会利用参数构建不等式解决问题,属于中考创新题型.。

2020年中考一模考试《英语试卷》含答案

2020年中考一模考试《英语试卷》含答案

英语中考模拟测试学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________ 第Ⅰ卷1.听力测试A)听四组短对话,根据所听对话及问题,选择正确图片.1. How will the two speakers go on the trip?A. B. C.2. What are the people doing on the square?A. B. C. 3. Where does the boy want to go? A. B. C. 4. When was the library built? A. B. C. B)听六组短对话,根据所听对话及问题,选择正确答案.5. What’s the weather like now?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s rainy.C. It’s cloudy.6. Why did Tom get up so early this morning?A. Because he wanted to go cycling.B. Because he wanted to catch the first bus.C. Because he wanted to walked his dog.7. Who is Mr. Black?A. The woman’s friend.B. The woman’s father.C. The woman’s boss.8. What did they say about Yuan Longping?A. He lived a poor life when he was young.B. He worked very hard at school.C. The reason why he did the research.9. Which country does the teacher come from?A. India.B. China.C. Australia.10. What’s wrong with the man?A. He is too tired.B. He can’t eat a nything.C. There may be something wrong with his legs.C)听一组长对话和对话后的问题,选择正确答案.11. How many dollars did the old man donate to Wuhan?A. One million.B. Ten thousand.C. Eight hundred.12. What would Peter do first if he had so much money?A. He would donate some money to the government to protect the wild animals.B. He would put all the money in the bank.C. He would buy a big house for his family.D)听一篇短文,请根据内容从三个选项中选择正确选项,完成信息记录表.13. A. mum B. dad C. sister14 A. run B. skate C. swim15. A. play the piano B. play the guitar C. play the violinE)根据听到的短文,选择正确答案.16. What did the doctor advise Mrs Brown not to do?A. Not to eat meat or cakes.B. Not to drink juiceC. Not to watch TV.17. Who did Mrs. Brown make a cake for the next morning?A. Her husband.B. Her child.C. Her parents.18. How was the cake?A. Quite badB. Very tasty.C. Too sweet.19. Why did Mrs. Brown make another cake?A. Because she thought half of the cake wasn’t enough for herself.B. Because she invited her friends to come and eat it.C. Because she was afraid Mr. Brown would be angry.20. Where was the half cake?A. In the fridge.B. In the basket.C. On the table.Ⅱ.单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的正确答案.1.I like playing volleyball and my parents will buy me ________ ball tomorrow.A. /B. anC. aD. the2.The number of the tourists to Japan _________ about 8.5 million during the cherry blossom season(樱花盛开季)between March and May last year.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3.—John, can you post the letter for me?—No problem. I’ll walk past a ___________.A. police stationB. football fieldC. toy shopD. post office4.— ____________ is it from here to the centre of the city?—Only one kilometre.A. How longB. How farC. How oftenD. How much5.—When is Children’s Day every year?—It’s _______ June 1.A. onB. atC. toD. in6.—It’s a(n)__________ report. You must read it.— Oh, yes. It says our school won the basketball final.A. excitedB. excitingC. boredD. boring7.— I decide ___________ hard on my English.—You need to speak as much as possible.A. workingB. workedC. to workD. work8.—When can we _________?—I don’t know. It is such a long way.A. get toB. arrive atC. reachD. arrive9.—___________, Simon! The train is leaving.—Can’t you see I’m running? A.Hurry up B. Take up C. Stay up D. Give up 10.The old car cost them ____________ dollars, but it often broke down. A. thousands of B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousand 11.—How’s Susan?— Oh, I __________ see her because she lives abroad. A. always B. sometimes C. usually D. seldom 12.Bob knows how to cut the cost of th e project. I’m sure he can do the work well with __________ money and fewerpeople.A. littleB. lessC. leastD. fewer13.—Hey, Jenny. Let’s go home together.—Just a moment. I __________ an e-mail now.A. am sendingB. was sendingC. sentD. is going to send14.—How about my new skirt?—It’s beautiful! _______, where did you buy it?A. On the wayB. By the wayC. In some waysD. In my way15.—____________. Hope is always around you and you must work harder.—Thank you, Mum. I’ll try my best again.A. An apple a day keeps the doctor awayB. A friend in need is a friend indeedC. No pain, no gainD. Many hands make light workⅢ.完形填空阅读下文,从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.Once upon a time there lived a beautiful princess who like to play alone in the forests. One day ___16___ she was playing with her golden ball, it rolled(滚动)into a lake. The water was so ___17___that she could not see the ball. The princess was very sad. She cried out, "I would give anything ___18___ have my golden ball back!"Suddenly a large ugly frog(青蛙)appeared out of the water. “___19___?” he croaked(呱呱的叫). The princess ___20___ him with distaste(讨厌). “Yes,” she said. “I would give anything.”“I will get your golden ball,” said the frog. “In return(作为回报), you ___21___ take me back to the castle. You must let me eat from your golden ___22___ and live with you.” “Whatever you want,” said the princess. She thought the frog was very ugly, ___23___ she wanted her golden ball.The frog dove(潜水)down and ___24___ the ball back to the princess. She put the frog in the ____25____ of her coat and took him home. “He is ugly,” the princess said. “But a promise is a promise. And a princess always____26____her word.”However, when the princess changed her clothes, she forgot all about the frog. That evening, she heard somebody ____27____ her door. Then she heard a ____28____."Oh, no!" said the princess. "I forgot about the frog!’’ She ran to the door to open it and a handsome prince(王子)stepped in."____29____ are you?" asked the princess. "I am the frog you met at the lake." said the handsome prince. "I was turned into a frog one hundred years ago by a wicked (邪恶的)lady. They said only a beautiful princess could help me. ____30____ I met you. You are a little forgetful(健忘的), but you did keep your word!"16. A. if B. when C. because D. though17. A. clear B. tidy C. deep D. low18. A. in order to B. as a result C. so that D. instead of19. A. Something B. Nothing C. Everything D. Anything20. A. looked after B. looked for C. looked through D. looked at21. A. can B. may C. must D. should22. A. plate B. cup C. bottle D. box23. A. or B. and C. but D. so24.A. bought B. brought C. lent D. drove 25. A. wallet B. cover C. glove D. pocket 26. A. keeps B. breaks C. leaves D. shares 27. A. putting on B. trying on C. living on D. knocking on28. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. saying29. A. Who B. When C. Where D. How30. A. Unluckily B. Luckily C. Sadly D. ExactlyⅣ.阅读理解阅读下文,从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.A"Where’s Daddy going with the axe(斧头)?"said Joan to her mother."Out to the hoghouse(猪圈)," replied Mrs. Arable. "Some pigs were born last night.""I don’t know why he needs an axe," continued Joan. She was only eight."Well," said her mother, "one of the pigs is very small, thin and weak, and it will never grow up. So your father has to do away with it.""Do away with it?" cried Joan. "Just because it’s smaller than the others?""Don’t cry, Joan!" Mrs Arable said. "The pig w ould probably die anyway." Joan pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors."Please don’t do it!" she said with eyes full of tears(眼泪). "It’s not its mistake to be so weak." "Joan," Mr. Arable said gently, "you will have to learn to control yourself." "This is a matter of life and death, and you talk about controlling myself." cried Joan. Tears ran down her face and she took hold of the axe and tried to pull it out of her father’s hand."Joan," said Mr. Arable, "I know more about raising pigs than you do. A thin and weak pig makes trouble.""But it’s not right," cried Joan. "If I had been very weak at birth, would you have killed me?" Mr. Arable smiled. "Certainly not," he said, looking down at his daughter with love. "But this is different. A little girl is one thing; a little weak pig is another. ""I see no difference," replied Joan, still holding on to the axe. "This is the most terrible thing I have ever heard of." A strange look came over Mr. Arable’s face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself.31. What happened last night?A. The hoghouse fell down.B. Some pigs were born.C. Her father got lost in the forest.D. Joan took some sheep home.32. What does the underlined phrase "do away with" mean in English?A. raiseB. throwC. acceptD. kill33. Why did Joan want to stop her father?A. Because she thought the pig was very lovely.B. Because she liked the pig very much.C. Because she thought it was not the pig’s mistake to be so weak.D. Because she couldn’t control herself.34. What did Mr. Arable think of the pig?A. The pig was so weak that it couldn’t grow up.B. The pig was very strong.C. The pig was so fat that he wanted to sell it.D. The pig was the same as Joan.35. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Mrs. Arable didn’t stop Mr. Arable when he went to the hoghouse with the axe.B. Joan was loved by her father very much.C. Mr. Arable didn’t kno w how to raise pigs.D. Mr. Arable was moved(感动)by her daughter’s words in the end.BCaptain Good FellowDo your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games and nice dances?Captain Good Fellow will be ready to teach all these things to children at the City Theatre at 10:00 on Saturday morning for free.Films at the Museum TheatreTwo American films will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 1:30. The Workers will be on at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898.International PicnicAre you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 p.m.Take me out to the ball gameIt’s October, and Saturday night (7:00~ 9:00)is your last chance to see the Red Birds this year. Get your tickets at the gate. It might be cold. Don’t forget to take sweaters and jackets with you.Do you want to hear "The Zoo""The Zoo", a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert this Saturday night, at eight in Rose Hall, City College.36. On Saturday morning, you can ________ according to the advertisement.A. go to see a ball gameB. watch American filmsC. have an international picnicD. take children to play games for free37. You can eat many different foods from all over the world if you go to _________.A. the Museum TheatreB. Central ParkC. the City TheatreD. Rose Hall38. The Red Birds may be the name of ___________.A. birdsB. a storyC. a team of a ball gameD. a film39. "The Zoo" is ___________.A. a music group from AustraliaB. a concert from AmericaC. going to give their last showD. going to teach people to sing40. Which is impossible for Mr. Smith to do if he wants to have a nice Saturday?A. Seeing a film and watching a ball game.B. Watching a ball game and listening to a concert.C. Seeing a film and taking children to play.D. Having a picnic and listening to a concert.CAs the novel coronavirus pneumonia(新型冠状病毒肺炎)makes students to stay at home, they have to learn online and smart phones(智能手机)make online learning become possible and easy. But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes?According to a study, half of the British people own smart phones and they spend an average (平均)of two hours a day using them. There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the UK who suffer from shortsightedness(近视)since smart phones were introduced there in 1997.Staring at(盯着看)smart phones for a long time gives you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance, your eyes automatically blink (自动眨眼)a certain number of times. However, when you look at things closer to your face, the blinking slows down. This reduces the amount of tears and causes discomfort(不适)in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smart phones in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen while your pupils(瞳孔)become larger, too much light enters your eyes. This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma(青光眼).If you have to use your smart phone to learn online, there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. Hold your phone at least 30 centimetres away from your eyes when using it. Take a rest every hour and try the following: look at something at least five metres away from you and then focus on(专注于)the tip(尖端)of your nose. Repeat this several times. It should reduce the discomfort in your eyes.41. What makes the students’ online learning become possible and easy?A. TV sets.B. Cameras.C. Smart phones.D. Robots.42. From Paragraph 2, we learn that ____________.A. half of the British people began to use smart phones 23 years agoB. each of the British people spends two hours a day on smart phonesC. more British people have suffered from shortsightedness since 1997D. the number of British people who own smart phones increases by 35%43. The bad habits of using smart phones may cause ____________.A. too many blinksB. more tears in the eyesC.smaller pupilsD. dry eyes and glaucoma 44. The writer suggests _____________. A. not using the phone for over an hour without a rest B. holding the phone at least half a metre away from the eyes C. turning off your phone for a few hours every day D. looking at something green and then focus on the tip of your hands 45. The passage is mainly about ________________. A. the rules to obey when using smart phones B. the harm that smart phones do to users’ eyes C. the reason why students get shortsightedness D. advantages and disadvantages of smart phones 第II卷V.词汇运用(A)根据句子意思,从方框中选用恰当的词或短语填空.46. —There are two ___________ bread on the table. Would you like them? —No, thanks.47. —I don’t k now ___________ next.—You can finish your homework first.48. The little girl wasn’t afraid of snakes _________. She knew they were her friends.49. —Which do young people prefer, music or sports?— Both, music is ____________ sports.50. A policeman saved her from the river. She was hurt and now she is _________.51. The students _______15 minutes going to school by bus every day.52. People should stop ___________ made of wild animals’ fur.53. Televisions have made ___________ possible for us to watch movies at home.(B)根据句意,用括号所给单词的正确形式填空.54.This mini iPad is mine, __________(you)is at home.55.Don’t play football on the road. It’s very___________(danger).56.It’s a sunny, hot day again today with temperatures in the__________(thirty).57.It’s not polite to leave school without_____________(say)goodbye.58.The girl likes fruit. She eats many _________(strawberry)every day.59.— Lucy, you are late again.—Sorry, Mrs. Li. I____________(wake)up late this morning.60.We didn’t do well in this exam a nd Bill did __________(badly)among three of us. Ⅵ. 完成句子根据所给中文意思,用英文完成下列各个句子.61.沿着这条路走,在第二个十字路口向左拐,你就看见那个银行了.______________ the road, turn left _____________ and you’ll find the bank.62.这些男孩子们太粗心了,没能拼对那些这么简单的单词.The boys are ______________ to spell so ____________ right.63.如果它使你烦恼,你可以告诉我并且我将为你保守秘密.If it ______________ you worried, you can tell me and I’ll ____________ for you.64.你最好不要拾起公园地上的花.You ____________ not ____________ the flowers on the ground in the park.65.下周这个著名的歌手将参加在淮安举行的活动.多么好的消息啊!—T he famous singer _____________ in the activities in Huai’an next week.—________ it is!Ⅶ.任务型阅读阅读下面短文,根据要求完成下列问题ATao Xing, 12, and Tao Jun, 10, used to be afraid of the end of the Chinese New Year holiday as their parents would return to their jobs in distant cities and they would be left at home. However, this year, they had no reason to be sad. After five years of living with their uncle in a village in Chongqing, the children have their parents back by their sides. There are more than 60 million "left-behind"(留守)children in the countryside when their parents moved away to work in the cities. Tao Xing and Tao Jun’s mother Yu Changmei and their father Tao Yonghong could only return home twice a year from their jobs in Guizhou Province.Now more and more such kind of families becomes reunited(重聚的)ones. The Tao family is just one of them. In 2015, China’s migrant(移民)population fell for the first time in about 30 years as people pay more attention to the problems faced by left-behind children. Migrants are encouraged to return hometown. They are needed to work for the development of the countryside and provide support for lonely children. "Their parents’ company(陪伴)is the best gift children can receive. It’s difficult for children to grow into adults. They require parents’ care and help," said Guan Xinping, a professor of social policy(政策)at Nankai University.根据上面短文内容,回答下列问题(每小题答案不超过6个单词).66. Where did Tao Xing and Tao Jun’s parents work last year?_________________________________________________67. Who did Tao Xing and Tao Jun live with in a village in Chongqing for five years?_________________________________________________68. How often did Tao Xing and Tao Jun’s parents return home from their jobs in Guizhou?_________________________________________________69. Are migrants encouraged to return hometown now?_________________________________________________70. What does the sentence "Their parents company is the best gift children can receive." mean?__________________________________________________BFighting an enemy that we cannot see is terrible. The novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)is one of these invisible(看不见的)enemies and it brings us a great disasters. It has infected(感染)435,519 people in China and other places in the world as of(截至)March 25. It was reported that it killed 3,281 people in China.But even if we cannot see the virus, we know how it behaves and spreads around. It is just like most other viruses. To prevent any respiratory(呼吸系统)illness, what we can do is to have good personal hygiene(卫生). And that includes wearing a mask and washing hands. By wearing a mask, we keep ourselves away from the droplets (飞沫)that infected people coughed and (打喷嚏). These droplets can spread the virus — as far as two meters! But these droplets don’t stay in the ai r for long. They quickly fall and land on surfaces, like tables or clothes. They can also be passed on to elevator buttons(电梯按钮)and door knobs(把手)by our hands. The novel coronavirus can stay alive for quite a long time on smooth surfaces, so washing hands becomes important.A new discovery about the virus makes it even more necessary to keep these hygienic habits even if we don’t think we’ve interacted(接触)with anyone infected. According to People’s Daily , there is evidence that the virus might be contagious(有传染性的)even before patients start showing symptoms(症状). And these people don’t even know that they’re ill yet."However, this epidemic(传染病)brings us a positive(积极的)change. It’s that we’ve developed better hygienic habits. After all, washing our hands is really what we should do every day.根据上面短文内容填空.71. The novel coronavirus is the enemy that we ___________ and it brings us a great disaster. It has infected 435,519 people in the world as of March 25 and 3,281 people ____________ in China by it.72. What we can do is to have good personal hygiene, ___________ wearing a mask and __________.73. When these droplets stay in the air, they _____________ quickly fall and land on surfaces but also can be passed on to elevator buttons and ____________ by our hands.74. A new discovery about the virus makes it even __________ to keep these hygienic habits even if we don’t think we’ve interacted with _______________.75. A positive change has _____________ around us since this epidemic began—We’ve developed better hygienic habits. _____________, washing our hands is really what we should do every day.Ⅷ.书面表达76.疫情当前,开学延期,教育部制定了相关的应对之策.学生上网课,教师变“主播”.一时之间,“停课不停学”成为了热议话题.请你以My online learning at home为题写一篇英语短文,谈谈这段时间以来你的线上学习情况.100个词左右,内容必须包括以下表格中的要点:注意:1.文中不得出现真实人名,单位名或地名;2.文章开头已给出,不记入总词数.My online learning at homeThis spring our new term don’t come on time beca use of the epidemic. We have to learn online at home.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________答案与解析第Ⅰ卷1.听力测试A)听四组短对话,根据所听对话及问题,选择正确图片.1. How will the two speakers go on the trip?A. B. C.2. What are the people doing on the square?A. B. C.3. Where does the boy want to go?A. B. C.4. When was the library built?A. B. C.B)听六组短对话,根据所听对话及问题,选择正确答案.5. What’s the weather like now?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s rainy.C. It’s cloudy.6. Why did Tom get up so early this morning?A. Because he wanted to go cycling.B. Because he wanted to catch the first bus.C. Because he wanted to walked his dog.7. Who is Mr. Black?A. The woman’s friend.B. The woman’s father.C. The woman’s boss.8. What did they say about Yuan Longping?A. He lived a poor life when he was young.B. He worked very hard at school.C. The reason why he did the research.9. Which country does the teacher come from?A. India.B. China.C. Australia.10. What’s wrong with the man?A.He is too tired.B. He can’t eat anything.C. There may be something wrong with his legs. C)听一组长对话和对话后的问题,选择正确答案. 11. How many dollars did the old man donate to Wuhan? A. One million. B. Ten thousand. C. Eight hundred. 12. What would Peter do first if he had so much money? A. He would donate some money to the government to protect the wild animals. B. He would put all the money in the bank. C. He would buy a big house for his family. D)听一篇短文,请根据内容从三个选项中选择正确选项,完成信息记录表.13. A. mum B. dad C. sister14. A. run B. skate C. swim15. A. play the piano B. play the guitar C. play the violinE)根据听到的短文,选择正确答案.16. What did the doctor advise Mrs Brown not to do?A. Not to eat meat or cakes.B. Not to drink juiceC. Not to watch TV.17. Who did Mrs. Brown make a cake for the next morning?A. Her husband.B. Her child.C. Her parents.18. How was the cake?A. Quite badB. Very tasty.C. Too sweet.19. Why did Mrs. Brown make another cake?A. Because she thought half of the cake wasn’t enough for herself.B. Because she invited her friends to come and eat it.C. Because she was afraid Mr. Brown would be angry.20. Where was the half cake?A. In the fridge.B. In the basket.C. On the table.Ⅱ.单项选择从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的正确答案.1.I like playing volleyball and my parents will buy me ________ ball tomorrow.A. /B. anC. aD. the【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我喜欢打排球,我父母明天会给我买一个球。

2020年济南历下区一模-语文试题答案

2020年济南历下区一模-语文试题答案

2020年济南历下区⼀模-语⽂试题答案如果您喜欢这份⽂档,欢迎下载!祝成绩进步,学习愉快!历下区2020年初三年级学业⽔平第⼀次模拟考试语⽂试题⼀.(20分)1.下列词语中加点字的读⾳完.全.正.确.的⼀项是()(4分)A.闭塞.(sè)狩.猎(shòu)狡黠.(xié)屡见不鲜.(xiān)B.⽣肖.(xiào)诡谲.(jué)瘦削.(xuē)冠.状病毒(guàn)C.豪横.(hèng)羸.弱(léi)炽.热(chì)厚德载.物(zài)D.陨.⽯(yǔn)酵.母(xiào)字帖.(tiè)⼀塌.糊涂(tā)2.下列词语中没.有.错.别.字.的⼀项是()(4分)A.⽓慨掉书袋油然⽽⽣振聋发聩B.战栗区块链轻歌曼舞⼼旷神怡C.慰藉断舍离相辅相成九宵云外D.汲取雷震⾬鸠占鹊巢不经之谈3.下列句⼦中加点成语使.⽤.恰.当.的⼀项是()(4分)A.很多⼈知道猎⾷野⽣动物是不正确的,却不.以.为.意.,我⾏我素。

B.疫情期间,全国中学⽣“停课不停学”,但学习效果良.莠.不.齐.。

C.不良商贩呕.⼼.沥.⾎.经营的⼝罩制假窝点被⼯商局⼀举查获。

D.我刚去了⼤明湖,那⾥的⾏.云.流.⽔.给我留下了深刻印象。

4.下列句⼦没.有.语.病.的⼀项是()(4分)A.《囧妈》这部电影之所以⼴受欢迎的原因是融⼊了脉脉的温情。

B.钟南⼭、李兰娟、张⽂宏……这⼀个个名字对⼴⼤群众⾮常熟悉。

C.下班⾼峰期,为了避免发⽣交通拥堵,交警部门加⼤了对机动车辆的疏导⼒度。

D.各个学校应当拟定校园应急处理⽅案和防疫演练,保障每个孩⼦的⾝体健康。

5.下列关于名著的表述,不.正.确.的⼀项是()(4分)A.“镇关西”郑屠户欺男霸⼥,激怒武松,之后武松三拳打死镇关西,被迫到五台⼭出家为僧。

B.保尔在发电⼚⼯作时结识了⽼⽔⼿朱赫来,在这位⽼⽔⼿的教育下,他⾛上了⾰命道路。

2020届初三“一模”测试物理试题(含答案)

2020届初三“一模”测试物理试题(含答案)

图2 图 1 图4图32019—2020学年度第二学期网上答题适应性训练九年级物理试题一、选择题(下列题目中请将唯一正确选项填在答题卡上,每题2分,共24分)1.对物理量的估测,是一种良好的学习习惯,也是学好物理的基本功之一。

下列估测的数据中最接近事实的是 ( ) A .一根筷子的长度约为5cm B .家用空调正常工作时的电流约为1A C .初中男生质量约为50kg D .扬州地区的年最低气温可达﹣40℃2.关于声现象,下列说法正确的是 ( ) A .只要物体振动,人就能听见声音B .教室内学生听到老师的讲课声是靠空气传播的C .分辨出合奏中的各种乐器主要是依据音调的不同D .剧院内墙的吸音材料是在声源处减弱噪声的3.加热一定质量的冰,其温度与时间关系如图1中实线a 所示,若其它条件不变,只增加冰的数量,则温度与时间关系图正确的是 ( )A .aB .bC .cD .d4.若要使图2中的反射光线射中墙上的目标,在激光笔不动的情况下,可将平面镜 ( ) A .竖直向上移动 B .竖直向下移动 C .水平向左移动 D .水平向右移动5.如图3,首张黑洞照片于4月10日问世。

过去人们不能“看见”黑洞,但可通过其对恒星和气体的影响来间接感知它的存在。

这种研究的方法是 ( ) A .控制变量法 B .理想实验法 C .等效替代法 D .转换法6.小明在上学的路上,先以v 1的速度走完前一半路程,又以v 2 走完后一半路程,则他在上学的全程中平均速度为( )7.在如图4所示家庭电路中,将插头插入插座,打开电视,电视不工作;闭合开关,灯泡不亮;保持开关闭合,拔出插头,将测电笔分别插入插座两孔时氖管均发光。

若电路中只有一处故障,则故障可能是( ) A .零线上保险丝烧断 B .火线上保险丝烧断 C .灯丝烧断 D .插座短路8.能源、信息和材料是现代社会发展的三大支柱。

关于能源、信息和材料,下列说法正确的是 ( ) A.太阳能、风能和核能都是可再生能源 B.光纤通讯是依靠超声波来传递信息的 C.移动通信是用电磁波传递信号的 D.超导材料可用于电饭锅的发热元件 9.关于温度、热量、内能,以下说法正确的是 ( )A .0℃的冰没有内能B .冰熔化时虽然温度保持不变,但它的内能增加C .物体的温度越高,所含的热量越多D .只要物体的温度不变,物体的内能就一定不变10.水平桌面上两个底面积相同的容器中,分别盛有甲、乙两种液体。

朝阳区2020高三一模地理试题含答案

朝阳区2020高三一模地理试题含答案

北京市朝阳区高三年级学业水平等级性考试练习一地理试卷2020.4(考试时间 90 分钟满分 100 分)第一部分(选择题共 45 分)本部分共 15 小题,每小题 3 分,共 45 分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。

图1 为某企业生产的一种智能“风光互补路灯”,风光互补路灯发电系统的主要部件包括风力发电机、太阳能电池板、风光互补路灯控制器、蓄电池以及 LED 光源等。

读图,回答第 1、2 题。

图11.在我国安装的“风光互补路灯”,一年中太阳能电池板左右翻转幅度最大的季节是A. 春季B. 夏季C. 秋季D. 冬季2.目前,下列省区中最适宜布局“风光互补路灯”企业生产基地的是A.粤B.藏C.滇D.内蒙古桌山位于南非开普敦附近,主峰海拔 1087 米,山顶如削平的桌面,被称为“上帝的餐桌”。

受海风的影响,山顶常有大片的云团环绕,被称为“上帝的桌布”。

读图2,回答第3、4 题。

18.3°18.4°33.9°大开普敦西洋34.0°图23.“上帝的桌布”通常只环绕在桌山顶上,不会蔓延到山下。

影响该种现象出现的主要因素最可能是桌山A.山体四周陡峭顶部平坦B.山麓地带多河流分布C.所处地区沿岸暖流流经D.所处地区的降水稀少4.当地欣赏和拍摄“上帝桌布”的最佳季节及其原因是A.夏季盛行上升气流,利于云雾产生B.夏季晴天多,光线好,白天海风较强C.冬季西南风从海洋带来水汽,多云雾D.冬季盛行下沉气流,利于云雾停留湘西地质公园有我国唯的红林(图3a),据地质专家考证,红林岩形成于4.5 亿年前,并在岩层中发现量三叶化。

园区内散落分布有多个家族村寨,建有许多传统建筑——吊脚楼(图 3b)。

吊脚楼边靠在实地和正房相连,其余三边皆悬空,靠柱支撑。

读图 3,回答第 5、6 题。

a b图 35.a 景观A.受风力侵蚀作用形成B.岩体主体为岩浆岩C.适合在正午前后观赏D.岩体曾沉积于海下6.b 景观中民居的特点是A.院落宽敞,利于通风B.坐北朝南,便于采光C.悬空设计,防潮避湿D.墙体厚实,驱寒避暑图 4 为我国某城市工业用地圈层分布及面积变化图。

2020年中考数学一模试卷(带答案)

2020年中考数学一模试卷(带答案)

2020年中考数学一模试卷(带答案)一、选择题1.在数轴上,与表示6的点距离最近的整数点所表示的数是( ) A .1B .2C .3D .42.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AB =4,AC =1,则cosB 的值为( ) A .15 B .14C .15 D .4173.如图,在菱形ABCD 中,E 是AC 的中点,EF ∥CB ,交AB 于点F ,如果EF=3,那么菱形ABCD 的周长为( )A .24B .18C .12D .94.定义一种新运算:1an nnbn xdx a b -⋅=-⎰,例如:222khxdx k h ⋅=-⎰,若m252mx dx --=-⎰,则m =( )A .-2B .25-C .2D .255.下表是某学习小组一次数学测验的成绩统计表: 分数/分 70 80 90100 人数/人13x1已知该小组本次数学测验的平均分是85分,则测验成绩的众数是( ) A .80分 B .85分C .90分D .80分和90分6.已知11(1)11A x x ÷+=-+,则A =( ) A .21x x x -+ B .21x x - C .211x - D .x 2﹣17.老师设计了接力游戏,用合作的方式完成分式化简,规则是:每人只能看到前一人给的式子,并进行一步计算,再将结果传递给下一人,最后完成化简.过程如图所示:接力中,自己负责的一步出现错误的是( ) A .只有乙B .甲和丁C .乙和丙D .乙和丁8.下列图形是轴对称图形的有( )A .2个B .3个C .4个D .5个9.如图,所有的四边形都是正方形,所有的三角形都是直角三角形,其中最大的正方形的边长为10cm ,正方形A 的边长为6cm 、B 的边长为5cm 、C 的边长为5cm ,则正方形D 的边长为( )A .14cmB .4cmC .15cmD .3cm10.已知直线//m n ,将一块含30°角的直角三角板ABC 按如图方式放置(30ABC ∠=︒),其中A ,B 两点分别落在直线m ,n 上,若140∠=︒,则2∠的度数为( )A .10︒B .20︒C .30°D .40︒11.如图,AB 为⊙O 直径,已知为∠DCB=20°,则∠DBA 为( )A .50°B .20°C .60°D .70°12.如图,点P 是矩形ABCD 的对角线AC 上一点,过点P 作EF ∥BC ,分别交AB ,CD 于E 、F ,连接PB 、PD .若AE=2,PF=8.则图中阴影部分的面积为( )A.10B.12C.16D.18二、填空题13.如图,已知AB∥CD,F为CD上一点,∠EFD=60°,∠AEC=2∠CEF,若6°<∠BAE <15°,∠C的度数为整数,则∠C的度数为_____.14.如果a是不为1的有理数,我们把11a-称为a的差倒数如:2的差倒数是1112=--,-1的差倒数是111(1)2=--,已知14a=,2a是1a的差倒数,3a是2a的差倒数,4a是3a的差倒数,…,依此类推,则2019a=___________.15.已知关于x的一元二次方程mx2+5x+m2﹣2m=0有一个根为0,则m=_____.16.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,函数y=kx(k>0,x>0)的图象经过菱形OACD的顶点D和边AC的中点E,若菱形OACD的边长为3,则k的值为_____.17.如图,在△ABC中E是BC上的一点,EC=2BE,点D是AC的中点,设△ABC、△ADF、△BEF的面积分别为S△ABC,S△ADF,S△BEF,且S△ABC=12,则S△ADF-S△BEF=_________.18.农科院新培育出A、B两种新麦种,为了了解它们的发芽情况,在推广前做了五次发芽实验,每次随机各自取相同种子数,在相同的培育环境中分别实验,实验情况记录如下:种子数量10020050010002000A出芽种子数961654919841965发芽率0.960.830.980.980.98B出芽种子数961924869771946发芽率0.960.960.970.980.97下面有三个推断:①当实验种子数量为100时,两种种子的发芽率均为0.96,所以他们发芽的概率一样;②随着实验种子数量的增加,A种子出芽率在0.98附近摆动,显示出一定的稳定性,可以估计A种子出芽的概率是0.98;③在同样的地质环境下播种,A种子的出芽率可能会高于B种子.其中合理的是__________(只填序号).19.等腰三角形一腰上的高与另一腰的夹角的度数为20°,则顶角的度数是.20.二元一次方程组627x yx y+=⎧⎨+=⎩的解为_____.三、解答题21.某种蔬菜的销售单价y1与销售月份x之间的关系如图1所示,成本y2与销售月份x之间的关系如图2所示(图1的图象是线段,图2的图象是抛物线)(1)已知6月份这种蔬菜的成本最低,此时出售每千克的收益是多少元?(收益=售价﹣成本)(2)哪个月出售这种蔬菜,每千克的收益最大?简单说明理由.(3)已知市场部销售该种蔬菜4、5两个月的总收益为22万元,且5月份的销售量比4月份的销售量多2万千克,求4、5两个月的销售量分别是多少万千克?22.某小区响应济南市提出的“建绿透绿”号召,购买了银杏树和玉兰树共150棵用来美化小区环境,购买银杏树用了12000元,购买玉兰树用了9000元.已知玉兰树的单价是银杏树单价的1.5倍,那么银杏树和玉兰树的单价各是多少?23.如图1,已知二次函数y=ax2+32x+c(a≠0)的图象与y轴交于点A(0,4),与x轴交于点B、C,点C坐标为(8,0),连接AB、AC.(1)请直接写出二次函数y=ax2+32x+c的表达式;(2)判断△ABC的形状,并说明理由;(3)若点N在x轴上运动,当以点A、N、C为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形时,请写出此时点N的坐标;(4)如图2,若点N在线段BC上运动(不与点B、C重合),过点N作NM∥AC,交AB于点M,当△AMN面积最大时,求此时点N的坐标.24.已知:如图,点E,A,C在同一条直线上,AB∥CD,AB=CE,AC=CD.求证:BC=ED.25.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,小正方形格子的边长为1,Rt△ABC三个顶点都在格点上,请解答下列问题:(1)写出A,C两点的坐标;(2)画出△ABC关于原点O的中心对称图形△A1B1C1;(3)画出△ABC绕原点O顺时针旋转90°后得到的△A2B2C2,并直接写出点C旋转至C2经过的路径长.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题 1.B 解析:B 【解析】 【分析】的大小,即可得到结果. 【详解】46 6.25<<Q ,2 2.5∴<<,的点距离最近的整数点所表示的数是2, 故选:B . 【点睛】此题考查了实数与数轴,以及算术平方根,熟练掌握各自的性质是解本题的关键.2.A解析:A 【解析】∵在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AB =4,AC =1,∴BC ,则cos B =BC AB , 故选A3.A解析:A 【解析】【分析】易得BC 长为EF 长的2倍,那么菱形ABCD 的周长=4BC 问题得解. 【详解】∵E 是AC 中点, ∵EF ∥BC ,交AB 于点F , ∴EF 是△ABC 的中位线, ∴BC=2EF=2×3=6, ∴菱形ABCD 的周长是4×6=24, 故选A .【点睛】本题考查了三角形中位线的性质及菱形的周长公式,熟练掌握相关知识是解题的关键.4.B解析:B 【解析】根据新定义运算得到一个分式方程,求解即可. 【详解】 根据题意得,5211m11(5)25m x dx m m m m---⎰-=-=-=-, 则25m =-, 经检验,25m =-是方程的解, 故选B. 【点睛】此题考查了解分式方程,弄清题中的新定义是解本题的关键.5.D解析:D 【解析】 【分析】先通过加权平均数求出x 的值,再根据众数的定义就可以求解. 【详解】解:根据题意得:70+80×3+90x+100=85(1+3+x+1), x=3∴该组数据的众数是80分或90分. 故选D . 【点睛】本题考查了加权平均数的计算和列方程解决问题的能力,解题的关键是利用加权平均数列出方程.通过列方程求出x 是解答问题的关键.6.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】 由题意可知A=111)11x x ++-(,再将括号中两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算,再用分式的乘法法则计算即可得到结果. 【详解】 解:A=11111x x ++-=111xx x +-g =21x x -故选B. 【点睛】此题考查了分式的混合运算,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.解析:D【解析】【分析】根据分式的乘除运算步骤和运算法则逐一计算即可判断.【详解】∵22211x x x x x -÷--=2221·1x x x x x ---=() 2212·1xx xx x----=()()221·1x x xx x----=()2xx --=2xx-,∴出现错误是在乙和丁,故选D.【点睛】本题考查了分式的乘除法,熟练掌握分式乘除法的运算法则是解题的关键.8.C解析:C【解析】试题分析:根据轴对称图形的概念:如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠后,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,那么这个图形叫做轴对称图形.据此对图中的图形进行判断.解:图(1)有一条对称轴,是轴对称图形,符合题意;图(2)不是轴对称图形,因为找不到任何这样的一条直线,使它沿这条直线折叠后,直线两旁的部分能够重合,即不满足轴对称图形的定义.不符合题意;图(3)有二条对称轴,是轴对称图形,符合题意;图(3)有五条对称轴,是轴对称图形,符合题意;图(3)有一条对称轴,是轴对称图形,符合题意.故轴对称图形有4个.故选C.考点:轴对称图形.9.A解析:A【解析】运用直角三角形的勾股定理,设正方形D的边长为x,则22222(65)(5)10x+++=,x=(负值已舍),故选A解析:B【解析】【分析】根据平行线的性质判断即可得出结论.【详解】解:Q直线//m n,21180ABC BAC∴∠+∠∠+∠=+︒,30ABC=︒∠Q,90BAC∠=︒,140∠=︒,218030904020∴∠=---︒︒=︒︒︒,故选:B.【点睛】本题考查的是平行线的性质,熟练掌握平行线的性质是解题的关键.11.D解析:D【解析】题解析:∵AB为⊙O直径,∴∠ACB=90°,∴∠ACD=90°-∠DCB=90°-20°=70°,∴∠DBA=∠ACD=70°.故选D.【点睛】本题考查了圆周角定理:在同圆或等圆中,同弧或等弧所对的圆周角相等,都等于这条弧所对的圆心角的一半.推论:半圆(或直径)所对的圆周角是直角,90°的圆周角所对的弦是直径.12.C解析:C【解析】【分析】首先根据矩形的特点,可以得到S△ADC=S△ABC,S△AMP=S△AEP,S△PFC=S△PCN,最终得到S矩形EBNP= S矩形MPFD ,即可得S△PEB=S△PFD,从而得到阴影的面积.【详解】作PM⊥AD于M,交BC于N.则有四边形AEPM,四边形DFPM,四边形CFPN,四边形BEPN都是矩形,∴S△ADC=S△ABC,S△AMP=S△AEP,S△PFC=S△PCN∴S矩形EBNP= S矩形MPFD ,又∵S△PBE=12S矩形EBNP,S△PFD=12S矩形MPFD,∴S△DFP=S△PBE=12×2×8=8,∴S阴=8+8=16,故选C.【点睛】本题考查矩形的性质、三角形的面积等知识,解题的关键是证明S△PEB=S△PFD.二、填空题13.36°或37°【解析】分析:先过E作EG∥AB根据平行线的性质可得∠AEF=∠BA E+∠DFE再设∠CEF=x则∠AEC=2x根据6°<∠BAE<15°即可得到6°<3x-60°<15°解得22°<解析:36°或37°.【解析】分析:先过E作EG∥AB,根据平行线的性质可得∠AEF=∠BAE+∠DFE,再设∠CEF=x,则∠AEC=2x,根据6°<∠BAE<15°,即可得到6°<3x-60°<15°,解得22°<x <25°,进而得到∠C的度数.详解:如图,过E作EG∥AB,∵AB∥CD,∴GE∥CD,∴∠BAE=∠AEG,∠DFE=∠GEF,∴∠AEF=∠BAE+∠DFE,设∠CEF=x,则∠AEC=2x,∴x+2x=∠BAE+60°,∴∠BAE=3x-60°,又∵6°<∠BAE<15°,∴6°<3x-60°<15°,解得22°<x<25°,又∵∠DFE是△CEF的外角,∠C的度数为整数,∴∠C=60°-23°=37°或∠C=60°-24°=36°,故答案为:36°或37°.点睛:本题主要考查了平行线的性质以及三角形外角性质的运用,解决问题的关键是作平行线,解题时注意:两直线平行,内错角相等.14.【解析】【分析】利用规定的运算方法分别算得a1a2a3a4…找出运算结果的循环规律利用规律解决问题【详解】∵a1=4a2=a3=a4=…数列以4−三个数依次不断循环∵2019÷3=673∴a2019 解析:34. 【解析】【分析】 利用规定的运算方法,分别算得a 1,a 2,a 3,a 4…找出运算结果的循环规律,利用规律解决问题.【详解】∵a 1=4a 2=11111143a ==---, a 3=211311413a ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝=⎭=---, a 4=31143114a ==--, …数列以4,−1334,三个数依次不断循环, ∵2019÷3=673, ∴a 2019=a 3=34, 故答案为:34. 【点睛】此题考查规律型:数字的变化类,倒数,解题关键在于掌握运算法则找到规律.15.2【解析】【分析】根据一元二次方程的定义以及一元二次方程的解的定义列出关于m 的方程通过解关于m 的方程求得m 的值即可【详解】∵关于x 的一元二次方程mx2+5x+m2﹣2m=0有一个根为0∴m2﹣2m=解析:2【解析】【分析】根据一元二次方程的定义以及一元二次方程的解的定义列出关于m 的方程,通过解关于m 的方程求得m 的值即可.【详解】∵关于x 的一元二次方程mx 2+5x+m 2﹣2m=0有一个根为0,∴m 2﹣2m=0且m≠0,解得,m=2,故答案是:2.【点睛】本题考查了一元二次方程ax 2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的解的定义.解答该题时需注意二次项系数a≠0这一条件.16.【解析】【分析】过D作DQ⊥x轴于Q过C作CM⊥x轴于M过E作EF⊥x 轴于F设D点的坐标为(ab)求出CE的坐标代入函数解析式求出a再根据勾股定理求出b即可请求出答案【详解】如图过D作DQ⊥x轴于Q解析:25【解析】【分析】过D作DQ⊥x轴于Q,过C作CM⊥x轴于M,过E作EF⊥x轴于F,设D点的坐标为(a,b),求出C、E的坐标,代入函数解析式,求出a,再根据勾股定理求出b,即可请求出答案.【详解】如图,过D作DQ⊥x轴于Q,过C作CM⊥x轴于M,过E作EF⊥x轴于F,设D点的坐标为(a,b),则C点的坐标为(a+3,b),∵E为AC的中点,∴EF=12CM=12b,AF=12AM=12OQ=12a,E点的坐标为(3+12a,12b),把D、E的坐标代入y=kx得:k=ab=(3+12a)12b,解得:a=2,在Rt△DQO中,由勾股定理得:a2+b2=32,即22+b2=9,解得:5∴5故答案为5【点睛】本题考查了勾股定理、反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征、菱形的性质等,得出关于a、b的方程是解此题的关键.17.2【解析】由D是AC的中点且S△ABC=12可得;同理EC=2BE即EC=可得又等量代换可知S△ADF-S△BEF=2解析:2【解析】由D是AC的中点且S△ABC=12,可得1112622ABD ABCS S∆∆==⨯=;同理EC=2BE即EC=13BC,可得11243ABES∆=⨯=,又,ABE ABF BEF ABD ABF ADFS S S S S S∆∆∆∆∆∆-=-=等量代换可知S△ADF-S△BEF=218.②③【解析】分析:根据随机事件发生的频率与概率的关系进行分析解答即可详解:(1)由表中的数据可知当实验种子数量为100时两种种子的发芽率虽然都是96但结合后续实验数据可知此时的发芽率并不稳定故不能确解析:②③【解析】分析:根据随机事件发生的“频率”与“概率”的关系进行分析解答即可.详解:(1)由表中的数据可知,当实验种子数量为100时,两种种子的发芽率虽然都是96%,但结合后续实验数据可知,此时的发芽率并不稳定,故不能确定两种种子发芽的概率就是96%,所以①中的说法不合理;(2)由表中数据可知,随着实验次数的增加,A种种子发芽的频率逐渐稳定在98%左右,故可以估计A种种子发芽的概率是98%,所以②中的说法是合理的;(3)由表中数据可知,随着实验次数的增加,A种种子发芽的频率逐渐稳定在98%左右,而B种种子发芽的频率稳定在97%左右,故可以估计在相同条件下,A种种子发芽率大于B种种子发芽率,所以③中的说法是合理的.故答案为:②③.点睛:理解“随机事件发生的频率与概率之间的关系”是正确解答本题的关键. 19.110°或70°【解析】试题分析:此题要分情况讨论:当等腰三角形的顶角是钝角时腰上的高在外部根据三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角的和即可求得顶角是90°+20°=110°;当等腰三角形的顶角解析:110°或70°.【解析】试题分析:此题要分情况讨论:当等腰三角形的顶角是钝角时,腰上的高在外部.根据三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角的和,即可求得顶角是90°+20°=110°;当等腰三角形的顶角是锐角时,腰上的高在其内部,故顶角是90°﹣20°=70°.故答案为110°或70°.考点:1.等腰三角形的性质;2.分类讨论.20.【解析】【分析】由加减消元法或代入消元法都可求解【详解】②﹣①得③将③代入①得∴故答案为:【点睛】本题考查的是二元一次方程组的基本解法本题属于基础题比较简单解析:15x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 【解析】【分析】由加减消元法或代入消元法都可求解.【详解】627x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩①②, ②﹣①得1x =③将③代入①得5y =∴15x y =⎧⎨=⎩故答案为:15x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 【点睛】本题考查的是二元一次方程组的基本解法,本题属于基础题,比较简单.三、解答题21.(1)6月份出售这种蔬菜每千克的收益是2元.(2)5月份出售这种蔬菜,每千克的收益最大.(3)4月份的销售量为4万千克,5月份的销售量为6万千克.【解析】分析:(1)找出当x=6时,y 1、y 2的值,二者作差即可得出结论;(2)观察图象找出点的坐标,利用待定系数法即可求出y 1、y 2关于x 的函数关系式,二者作差后利用二次函数的性质即可解决最值问题;(3)求出当x=4时,y 1﹣y 2的值,设4月份的销售量为t 万千克,则5月份的销售量为(t+2)万千克,根据总利润=每千克利润×销售数量,即可得出关于t 的一元一次方程,解之即可得出结论.详解:(1)当x=6时,y 1=3,y 2=1,∵y 1﹣y 2=3﹣1=2,∴6月份出售这种蔬菜每千克的收益是2元.(2)设y 1=mx+n ,y 2=a (x ﹣6)2+1.将(3,5)、(6,3)代入y 1=mx+n ,3563m n m n +=⎧⎨+=⎩,解得:237m n ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩,∴y1=﹣23x+7;将(3,4)代入y2=a(x﹣6)2+1,4=a(3﹣6)2+1,解得:a=13,∴y2=13(x﹣6)2+1=13x2﹣4x+13.∴y1﹣y2=﹣23x+7﹣(13x2﹣4x+13)=﹣13x2+103x﹣6=﹣13(x﹣5)2+73.∵﹣13<0,∴当x=5时,y1﹣y2取最大值,最大值为73,即5月份出售这种蔬菜,每千克的收益最大.(3)当t=4时,y1﹣y2=﹣13x2+103x﹣6=2.设4月份的销售量为t万千克,则5月份的销售量为(t+2)万千克,根据题意得:2t+73(t+2)=22,解得:t=4,∴t+2=6.答:4月份的销售量为4万千克,5月份的销售量为6万千克.点睛:本题考查了待定系数法求一次(二次)函数解析式、二次函数的性质以及一元一次方程的应用,解题的关键是:(1)观察函数图象,找出当x=6时y1﹣y2的值;(2)根据点的坐标,利用待定系数法求出y1、y2关于x的函数关系式;(3)找准等量关系,正确列出一元一次方程.22.银杏树的单价为120元,则玉兰树的单价为180元.【解析】试题分析:根据题意可以列出相应的分式方程,从而可以解答本题.试题解析:解:设银杏树的单价为x元,则玉兰树的单价为1.5x元,根据题意得:1200090001501.5x x+=解得:x=120,经检验x=120是原分式方程的解,∴1.5x=180.答:银杏树的单价为120元,则玉兰树的单价为180元.23.(1)y=﹣14x2+32x+4;(2)△ABC是直角三角形.理由见解析;(3)点N的坐标分别为(﹣8,0)、(8﹣0)、(3,0)、(0).(4)当△AMN面积最大时,N点坐标为(3,0).【解析】【分析】(1)由点A、C的坐标利用待定系数法即可求出二次函数的解析式;(2)令二次函数解析式中y=0,求出点B的坐标,再由两点间的距离公式求出线段AB、AC、BC的长度,由三者满足AB2+AC2=BC2即可得出△ABC为直角三角形;(3)分别以A、C两点为圆心,AC长为半径画弧,与x轴交于三个点,由AC的垂直平分线与x轴交于一点,即可求得点N的坐标;(4)设点N的坐标为(n,0)(-2<n<8),通过分割图形法求面积,再根据相似三角形面积间的关系以及三角形的面积公式即可得出S△AMN关于n的二次函数关系式,根据二次函数的性质即可解决最值问题.【详解】(1)∵二次函数y=ax2+x+c的图象与y轴交于点A(0,4),与x轴交于点B、C,点C坐标为(8,0),∴,解得.∴抛物线表达式:y=﹣x2+x+4;(2)△ABC是直角三角形.令y=0,则﹣x2+x+4=0,解得x1=8,x2=﹣2,∴点B的坐标为(﹣2,0),由已知可得,在Rt△ABO中AB2=BO2+AO2=22+42=20,在Rt△AOC中AC2=AO2+CO2=42+82=80,又∵BC=OB+OC=2+8=10,∴在△ABC中AB2+AC2=20+80=102=BC2∴△ABC是直角三角形.(3)∵A(0,4),C(8,0),∴AC==4,①以A为圆心,以AC长为半径作圆,交x轴于N,此时N的坐标为(﹣8,0),②以C为圆心,以AC长为半径作圆,交x轴于N,此时N的坐标为(8﹣4,0)或(8+4,0)③作AC的垂直平分线,交x轴于N,此时N的坐标为(3,0),综上,若点N在x轴上运动,当以点A、N、C为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形时,点N的坐标分别为(﹣8,0)、(8﹣4,0)、(3,0)、(8+4,0).(4)如图,设点N的坐标为(n,0),则BN=n+2,过M点作MD⊥x轴于点D,∴MD∥OA,∴△BMD∽△BAO,∴=,∵MN∥AC∴=,∴=,∵OA=4,BC=10,BN=n+2∴MD=(n+2),∵S△AMN=S△ABN﹣S△BMN=BN•OA﹣BN•MD=(n+2)×4﹣×(n+2)2=﹣(n﹣3)2+5,当n=3时,△AMN面积最大是5,∴N点坐标为(3,0).∴当△AMN面积最大时,N点坐标为(3,0).【点睛】本题考查了二次函数的综合问题,熟练掌握二次函数的知识点是本题解题的关键. 24.见解析【解析】【分析】首先由AB∥CD,根据平行线的性质可得∠BAC=∠ECD,再由条件AB=CE,AC=CD可证出△BAC和△ECD全等,再根据全等三角形对应边相等证出CB=ED.【详解】证明:∵AB∥CD,∴∠BAC=∠ECD,∵在△BAC和△ECD中,AB=EC,∠BAC=∠ECD ,AC=CD,∴△BAC≌△ECD(SAS).∴CB=ED.【点睛】本题考查了平行线的性质,全等三角形的判定和性质.25.(1)A点坐标为(﹣4,1),C点坐标为(﹣1,1);(2)见解析;(3)10π.【解析】【分析】(1)利用第二象限点的坐标特征写出A,C两点的坐标;(2)利用关于原点对称的点的坐标特征写出A1、B1、C1的坐标,然后描点即可;(3)利用网格特点和旋转的性质画出点A、B、C的对应点A2、B2、C2,然后描点得到△A2B2C2,再利用弧长公式计算点C旋转至C2经过的路径长.【详解】解:(1)A点坐标为(﹣4,1),C点坐标为(﹣1,1);(2)如图,△A1B1C1为所作;(3)如图,△A2B2C2为所作,OC2213+10,点C旋转至C29010π⋅⋅10π.【点睛】本题考查了作图﹣旋转变换:根据旋转的性质可知,对应角都相等都等于旋转角,对应线段也相等,由此可以通过作相等的角,在角的边上截取相等的线段的方法,找到对应点,顺次连接得出旋转后的图形.也考查了弧长公式.。

南京、盐城2020届一模英语答案及评分细则(1)

南京、盐城2020届一模英语答案及评分细则(1)

南京市、盐城市2020届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语参考答案第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A11.B12.C13.A14.A15.B16.C17.A18.C19.B20.A第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)21.C22.B23.B24.C25.C26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A31.D32.B33.D34.C35.D第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)36.A37.B38.A39.D40.C41.B42.C43.A44.D45.B46.B47.A48.C49.D50.C51.D52.B53.C54.A55.D第三部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)56.A57.B58.D59.B60.C61.C62.B63.D64.A65.D66.B67.C68.D69.A70.C第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)71.adults72.including73.aging/ageing74.subjective75.Trying76.tips/suggestions77.requires/demands/needs78.effective79.absorb80.extends第五部分书面表达(满分25分)81.One possible versionAccording to a new regulation issued by China’s Ministry of Education,teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules,which,however,has generated a lot of discussion.From my perspective,the significance of school discipline cannot be stressed too much.For one thing,the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving,which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development.For another,the regulation can delegate more power to teachers,who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students.In order for the regulation to be conducted effectively,many joint efforts need to be made.First of all,authorities and schools should set up specific and reasonable rules for school discipline.Secondly,teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them properly instead of abusing them.More importantly,parents are supposed to cooperate with teachers to reach a consensus on the level of punishments.书面表达评分建议一、评分原则1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

2020届成都七中高三英语一模试题及参考答案

2020届成都七中高三英语一模试题及参考答案

2020届成都七中高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APersonal Time Off(PTO)is something my wife and I created after having kids. We learned that,over time,a full life can leave little time for personal rest and for reflection,hanging out with friends,or just being“off. ”So,after a number of years,we make a change. If I can persuade you to take your own PTO,then these might help.■Schedule itFirst of all,one of our favorite family sayings is“schedule it. ”Sounds easy enough,but life gets complicated managing full-time work and full-time family. Put yourPTO time on the calendar and you make it a real thing.■Be flexible and strictIf you can schedule PTO at the same time each week,then all the better. Because our calendar can get rather full,flexibility in scheduling becomes a necessity. But being strict in actually taking the time each week is more important. Skipping it once makes it easier to skip again.■Take enough timeMy typical PTO lasts a couple of hours or longer. Sometimes it might be half the day depending on what I’m doing. The goal is to spend enough time away to1et your shoulders drop.■Do what you want to doRemember,PTO time is about personal time to do what you want to do,not what you have to do. PTO time is about relaxation. Grab a friend and get a beer. Work can wait until tomorrow.1.What can be the first step to take the PTO?A.Persuade the family.B.Have a personal rest.C.Ask friends for advice.D.Make a time plan.2.What does the underlined part“let your shoulders drop”probably mean?A.Get you more focused.B.Have you feel relaxed.C.Shake your shoulders often.D.Make you feel more stressed.3.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Tips on how to take your time offB.Skills to manage work and familyC.Advice on how to free yourselfD.Ways of scheduling your workBNaomi Cooke was walking with a friend and their dogs through her local park in Burnside, on Tuesday when she heard someone shout to watch out. Cooke turned and hardly had time to react before a flying disc hit her in the face with a "big bang”, leaving her right cheek swollen almost to the size of a golfball.Two men playing disc golf at the course in Jellie Park were about 20 metres fromthe pairwhen one of them threw the disc hard, aiming for a nearby goal.After being hit Cooke immediately went to the emergency department, where two CT scans on her face and cheek found she had escaped any broken bones. "I'm lucky it didn't hit my eye because I think I would have lost it." Cooke said.Cooke often walks her dog at the park and said it was always busy with people playing disc golf, but it was not until after Tuesday that she became concerned about public safety there.There were no signs about the disc golf course in the park, she said, and the area is shared with children and people walking their dogs.“If it had hit one of the kids in the head, it could have killed them.” Cooke did not think she was the only person who had been hit before, and said there would be others who share her concerns.Cooke planned to go to the council, saying it needed to realise how dangerous it was for the space to be shared by everyone and to provide disc golfers with a space where they can play safely. "There should be rules about how it's done, making it safe for everyone.”4. What happened to Cooke on Tuesday?A. She was struck by a golf ball.B. She was hit by a flying disc.C. She was beaten by two men.D. She was frightened by a mad dog.5. What do the underlined words "the pair" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Cooke and her friend.B. Cooke and her dog.C. The two disc golfers.D. The two CT scans.6. How did Cooke feel about people playing disc golf in the park?A. Acceptable.B. Shocked.C. Angry.D. Worried.7. Why did Cooke plan to go to the council?A. To get the two men in trouble.B. To call for a ban on disc golf.C. To ask for personal protection.D. To call for safer places for disc golf.CBecoming famous is the dream of many, and Tian is getting closer to that dream.Tian, 30, is a white-collar worker inBeijing. On short video application Douyin, Tian has more than 2,000 fans. So far, she has received more than 50,000 likes on the Dubsmash-like app. On her page on Douyin, Tian shares everything, from her son’s daily activities, to her pet dogs, to little skits (段子) made up by her and her husband. “Making funny videos, and combining them with music is really interesting,” Tian said. “Of course, I make the videos for fun because it is quite relaxing.”China’s short video market has seen great growth, according to areport. The report said thatChina’s short video market was valued at 5.73 billion yuan ($900 million) in 2017, an increase of 184 percent. The industry value is expected to go up to the 30 billion mark in 2020. Companies like Tencent, Sohu and Iqiyi have all started providing short video content.“Short videos are popular because they are an addition to traditional audio and video content on the internet,” said Sun Jiashan with the Chinese National Academy of Arts.Fans say that the short videos help them “chill out” from a stressed-out lifestyle. “My favorite videos are all about pets,” said Zhou Na, a nurse inHefei, capital of East China’sAnhuiprovince. “After a whole day’s work, watching the 15-second videos makes me laugh, which reduces my pressure.”8. Why does Tian make short videos in Douyin?A. To get fun.B. To become a well-known person.C. To attract fans.D. To record her family’s routine.9. What’s Sun Jiashan’s opinion about short videos?A. They have huge value.B. They greatly reduce people’s pressure.C. They make people’s star dreams come true.D. They enrich internet audio and video content.10. What does the underlined words “chill out” probably mean?A. Catch a cold.B. Feel cold.C. Calm down.D. Become concerned.11. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Every Chinese is using Douyin.B. China’s short video market is open.C. Douyin brings the Chinese great happiness.D.China’s short video market has developed rapidly.DWhen almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter(29%)rely only on their smartphones according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a thirdconcedethat it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlinesnow and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who iscalling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?12. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobilephones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Their complex design.13. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.14. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.15. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. Itwill fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年山东省济南市高考英语一模试卷含答案

2020年山东省济南市高考英语一模试卷含答案

高考英语一模试卷题号I II III IV V VI 总分得分一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)ANew York Walking Tour?Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking TourStart this exciting guided 4-hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island.Once there,go inside the base of the statue and head to the observation decks for an awesome view of New York City and its surroundings.Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration(移民)to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.Central Park Walking TourWalk through Central Park's most picturesque highlights on a 2-hour tour with a professional photographer.Remember your New York City adventure with unforgettable images of you with family or friends as you circle the towers at Belvedere Castle,walk through paths with flowers in the Conservatory Garden,or feed the swans by the Loeb Boathouse.New York City Architecture Walking TourLearn about the history of the buildings that define the New York City skyline on a 3-hour walking architecture tour.Walk down the famous 42nd Street corridor with a longtime New York resident(居民)and architectural expert,stopping along the way to learn about Midtown Manhattan's most iconic structures like the Chrysler Building,Ford Foundation,Grand Central Station and the New York Public Library.Greenwich Village Walking TourGreenwich Village is one of New York City's most beautiful and famous neighborhoods.Take a guided 2-hour walking tour of this legendary Lower Manhattan space.Hear about the famous artists who once lived here,from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan,Jimi Hendrix and countless others.Walk the winding streets and visit popular Washington Square Park,reliving more than 200 years of history.1.Why do tourists visit Ellis Island______A. To know about American immigration historyB. To explore the surroundings of the island.A.To get a whole view of New YorkCity.B.To observe Statue of Liberty closely.2.Who will go with tourists on Central Park Walking Tour______A. An experienced guide.B. An architectural expert.C. A professional photographer.D. A longtime New York resident.3.Which tour takes the longest time______A. Central Park Walking Tour.B. Greenwich Village Walking Tour.C. New York City Architecture Walking Tour.D. Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour.4.What can tourists do on Greenwich Village Walking Tour______A. Take unforgettable pictures.B. Come across Bob Dylan.C. Visit New York Public Library.D. Learn about famous artists.BThe United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal laws-rules that everyone in the country must follow.But exactly how do those laws get made?The process is not easy,and it takes a long time.A law begins when someone puts forward an idea.The idea can come from anyone,but it has to get to a U.S.lawmaker who wants it to become legislation.In time,the idea is further developed into a written proposal,called a bill.Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill.After the bill is introduced,it is sent to a small group of lawmakers,called a "committee".Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings.Sometimes the committee changes the bill.Sometimes it decides not to take any action.In that case,we say lawmakers "table" the bill,or let it "die in committee".But now and then,the bill is offered to lawmakers not on the committee.Those lawmakers debate the bill further.They might change the bill again.Finally,the full House or Senate votes on the bill.If it does not earn the majority of votes,the bill does not advance.Finally,the agreed-upon bill is sent to the president.If the president signs it,the bill becomes a law.If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting,the bill becomes a law.But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session,the bill does not pass.Or the president can officially reject the bill If that happens,the bill is not stopped.Instead,it is returned to both the Senate and the House.If two-thirds of the senators and two-thirds of the House members approve the bill once again,even with the president objecting,they turn the bill into a law.5.Who is the first to propose a bill______A. A lawyerB. A citizen.C. A member of Congress.D. A committee member.6.When does a bill finally become a law______A. After it is sent to a committee.B. When the president signs it.C. After it returns to the Congress.D. While Congress is not in session.7.What can be inferred from the text______A. Not every bill can be turned into a law.B. Anybody can put forward a proposal.C. If "tabled",the bill has to be voted on.D. Once proposed,the bill can't be changed.CWe humans love to stare into our smart devices.We gaze for hours-about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day-at our computers,smartphones,tablets and televisions.Is all this staring bad for us It might be,mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy.While it's true that light can damage our eyes under certaincircumstances,there's no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes.But many people still think it is,which is why blue light-blocking glasses are so popular.So do the glasses work?"Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye,but there's no evidence that it may be causing serious damage," Dr.Rahul Khurana,clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmologists,told Business Insider.Blue light exposure is nothing new.In fact,the sun is the largest source of blue light.Moreover,blue light is also present in LED light.But if blue light isn't harmful,then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we're looking at our screens?The answer is eyestrain(眼疲劳):More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain.And blue light,it seems,isn't the cause.Instead,our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.So if eyestrain is the real issue,blue light-blocking glasses are probably of little use.8.What do we know about blue light?______A. It is a kind of nuclear radiation.B. It has the shortest wavelength.C. It may come from electronic devices.D. It consumes a great deal of energy.9.What causes the popularity of blue light-blocking glasses?______A. Evidence of their benefits to eyes.B. Belief in blue light's harmful effect.C. Widespread use of smart devices.D. Scientific understanding of blue light.10.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?______A. Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.B. Eye problems are not easy to deal with.C. Blue light may connect with tired eyes.D. Rubbing eyes makes people strained11.According to the text,wearing blue light-blocking glasses may be ______ .A. tiringB. harmfulC. uselessD. BeneficialDCan I talk about salary at work In a word:yes.As HR company lnsperity put it in a recent blog post:Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their co-workers?Yes.Even if you have a company policy against it?Yes.The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under federal labor law.The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protects your right to discuss the conditIons of your employment,including issues related to safety and pay,even when you're not protected by a union.Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable,since there's such a taboo about discussing money matters,but it's an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work.One barrier,however,stems from how we think of our own financial worth.Too many people I talk to wrongly consider their salary a reflection of thier worthiness, a statement about their skills,experience,or value.At the end of the day,if we can all separate our self-worth from our salaries a bit more,it'll become easier to talk frankly with our colleagues.Asking about money outright can be tough,so one trick I've picked up along the way is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny.For instance,you might volunteer your salary firstand ask "Does that sound about right to you" by way of comparison.Or,let's say you're interviewing for a promotion to become a manager.You might ask a fellow manager about the kind of salary you should expect by saying,"I'm seeing salaries for this kind of positionranging from ﹩65,000 to ﹩70,000-does that seem accurate to you?" This way,even if yourcolleague isn't comfortable sharing their salary outright,they can help you identify if your expectations are on point or way off.12.What makes co-workers uncomfortable to talk about salaries______A. The safety issue.B. The federal labor law.C. The wrong idea about salaries.D. The reflection of their worthiness.13.What does "taboo" underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to______A. A prohibited practice.B. A religious belief.C. A general agreement.D. A social custom.14.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4______A. One of my interview experiences.B. My way of asking about money.C. The method of raising questions.D. An example of getting promoted.15.What can be the best title for the text______A. How to Discuss Salaries at WorkB. Ways of Talking about SalariesC. Do Salaries Stand for Self-worth?D. Can Salaries be Talked about at Work二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共10.0分)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other counties.Today most.people speak English when they meet foreigners.(1) There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language.Why is this?(2) One of them is that English has become the language of business.Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies,music,and McDonald's )has quickly spread throughout the world.(3)Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so' quickly?(4) It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.Our world has become very global and we.need to communicate.with.one another.On the other hand,English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it Do we really needthatScientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't too difficult and doesn't include any one group's culture.It is called Esperanto.(5) Maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either.Who knows?There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language.Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.A.People like English.B.But it hasn't become popular,C.It has brought its language with it.D.There is no doubt about the question.E.This is why English was widely spoken.F.It has become the new international language.G.There are many reasons why English has become so popular.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30.0分)It was 1972,and I was in second grade.In the classroom the teacher,Ms Boyette,was (21) aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins.And we had just come to a part of the book where the main (22) was training a wild dog. 1 was listening,caught up in the (23) of all.Not far away from me,there seated a boy who always frightened or (24) others,so I was (25) of this boy.While Ms.Boyette was reading,I looked over at him,for be was someone I was in the (26) of keeping an eye on.I (27) that he was listening too,that he was engaged by the (28),that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with his heart.I (29) at him,open-mouthed.I was (30) with a sudden knowledge that this boy was in fact just (31) me.He was a kid who liked a story.The boy must (32) my eyes on him,because he turned.Then something (33) happened.He smiled at me.(34),I smiled back,unafraid.We were two (35)smiling at each other.Why have I never forgotten this (36) moment Why do I still (37) every detail of it?I think it's because that moment illustrates so beautifully the (38) of reading out load.It shows us intoa safe room,where everyone involved,the reader and the listener,can have that chance to(39) each other.We humans long not just for the story,not just for the flow of language,but for the (40) that comes when words are read aloud.21. A. shouting B. singing C. talking D. reading22. A. author B. character C. reader D. listener23. A. wonder B. silence C. warmth D. comfort24. A. greeted B. touched C. hurt D. refused25. A. aware B. terrified C. bored D. guilty26. A. habit B. form C. effort D. hope27. A. predicted B. imagined C. promised D. noticed28. A. speech B. story C. journey D. diary29. A. pointed B. nodded C. stared D. waved30. A. struck B. mixed C. cheated D. confused31. A. behind B. beyond C. around D. like32. A. ignore B. feel C. meet D. observe33. A. useful B. natural C. serious D. amazing34. A. Then B. Again C. Instead D. Besides35. A. strangers B. kids C. teachers D. enemies36. A. funny B. busy C. lucky D. small37. A. seek B. organize C. recall D. trust38. A. power B. courage C. amusement D. ability39. A. cheer B. see C. miss D. mention40. A. challenge B. knowledge C. choice D. connection四、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)41.Paper-cutting was recognized as a national cultural heritage(遗产)in 2006.Accordingto experts,paper-cutting conveys the culture shared between China (1) the West to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones,alive or dead.In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a (2) (tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful paper- cuts are hung on the street.Chinese people also cut images of small figures (3) (call)back the spirits of the dead.The difference is that most Chinese paper-cuts are red,while those in other countries (4) (be)often made in many other colors.Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut (5) (character),such asprincesses and angels,out of paper while (6) (tell)stories to children.In China,female friends and family members used to chat and make paper-cuts together." (7) the patterns and colors may be different,paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people," says Yang Huizi,(8) art teacher at Beijing Union.Yang (9) (study)and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine university courses,she also organizes nonprofit paper-cutting activities (10) are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting.五、短文改错(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉.修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.Dear Mr. Brown,We have learned that you were going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a pa rty for you. The party which will start at 6:30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will possible last an hour. To start with,our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing some English songs. In the end of the party, we will prese nt you with some gifts and cards, mostly making by ourselves. I believe you will have a good time together.Looking forward to your coming.Yours sincerely,Frank六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)43.假如你是李华,你校英语戏剧社正在招募新成员,请根据以下提示,给负责人Mr.Smith 写一封电子邮件,申请加入.1.申请理由2.个人优势3.表达愿望注意:1、词数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.答案和解析1.【答案】略【解析】答案 21-24 ACDD5.【答案】略【解析】答案 25-27 CBA8.【答案】略【解析】答案:28-31 CBAC12.【答案】略【解析】答案:32-35 CABD16.【答案】略【解析】答案:FGCDB21.【答案】略【解析】答案:41-45 DBACB 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 DBDAB 56-60 DCABD41.【答案】略【解析】答案:=61.and 62.traditional 63.to call 64.are 65.characters 66. telling 67.Although 68.an 69. has studied 70. which42.【答案】答案:Dear Mr.Brown,We have learned that you were(are) going back to America for the summer vacation.To express our thank(thanks) for your excellent teaching in our school,we have decided(加to)have a party for you.The party which(删掉) will start at 6:30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall.It will possible(possibly) last an hour.To start with,our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a(the) whole class.Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing(sing)some English songs.In(At)the end of the party,we will present you with some gifts and cards,mostly making(made) by ourselves.I believe you(we)will have a good time together.Looking forward to your coming.Yours sincerely,Frank【解析】略43.【答案】答案:Dear Mr. Smith,I'm Li Hua, a student from Class2, Grade 3. I'm writing to apply to be a member of your English drama club.I am so fond of reading books, especially those English books, that I have had my vision broadened and my English greatly improved. Besides, outgoing as I am, I'm easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others. In addition, I once worked as a reporter for my school's English broadcasting station, through which I have learned a lot about En glish dramas and I want to explore more with all of the club members.I am looking forward to hearing from you and I 'll appreciate any opportunity given to me.Yours,Li Hua【解析】略。

2020年上海长宁高三语文一模试卷(含答案)

2020年上海长宁高三语文一模试卷(含答案)

名师考前提醒01选择题做完就填答题卡这是针对考试总会忘记填答题卡的考生,为避免非智力因素失分,一般每门一做完选择题就填答题卡。

这时填答题卡心态较平静,不会因为担心时间不够而出现涂写错位的情况。

考试成绩的好坏往往与考试的心情有关,所以我们一定要调节好自己的考试心情。

特别是刚开始的状态,利用一些小的技巧如做完试题就填涂答题卡等,这样可以避免在最后时间较紧的情况下因匆忙而涂错、涂串或是没有涂完而造成遗憾。

02考前看相关资料转换思维考英语前最好看看复习资料,并不是要记住什么知识点,而是让大脑提前进入状态。

而数学试卷对一些学生来说比较发怵,建议在心中回忆梳理一下相关知识点,可驱使自己进入状态,效果不错。

考试紧张,这是很正常的事情,考试不紧张,就不正常了。

但是不能过度紧张,那样会给自己很大的压力不利于水平的发挥。

可以和同学聊一聊天,说说话放松一下。

03遇事都往好处想看大题时,先不想该怎么做,只是看它如何表述,甚至跟自己说“这题我会做,第一问认真看就能做对”,让自己有一个平和的心态答题。

即使是弱科,我们也要知足常乐,我只要把会做的都做上,在一场考试中把会的都做对其实就是很好的发挥了。

时刻给自己打一打气,阿Q一下,这样把对自己的期待放低一些,心态就平稳了,也就高兴了,这可以使得思路更顺畅,而超水平发挥也就很正常了。

04别看他人答题的速度考场上不要左顾右盼,观察别人做题的进度,万一人家比自己快,会给自己压力。

在考场上和比较熟悉的老师、同学可以主动打个招呼。

即使是不认识的老师,也可问候一声“老师好”,一般老师都会像老朋友似地回以微笑,这可以缓解紧张的情绪。

这一些方法和措施都是很有助于调节考试心态与考试情绪的。

有心理学家研究证明,人在平稳的平稳或是心情高兴的时候,智商最高,情商也不错,更容易发挥出自己的高水平来。

05答题遇困难要镇静,巧用考前5分钟这个问题是涉及到考试策略与方法的,对于每一学科的考试,我们都应该有自己的考试策略和答题风格。

2020年(15区)高三一模《论语》《红楼梦》(附答案)

2020年(15区)高三一模《论语》《红楼梦》(附答案)

2020年(15区)高三语文第一次模拟考试试题分类汇总——《论语》《红楼梦》一、2020年东城一模(二)根据要求,完成第10题。

(共5分)10.阅读下面《论语》的文字,回答问题。

①子曰:“辞,达而已矣。

”(《论语·卫灵公》)②子曰:“可与言而不与之言,失人;不可与言而与之言,失言。

知者不失人,亦不失言。

”(《论语·卫灵公》)③子曰:“其言之不怍也,则为之也难。

”(《论语·宪问》)请用自己的话分别概括以上三则语录中孔子对言语的看法,并选择其中一则,结合你的言语生活作简要分析。

(二)根据要求,完成第19题。

(共6分)19.《红楼梦》中一些主要人物进入回目,作者往往在其名字前加一个字,来概括或凸显其品性,即所谓“一字评”,如“敏探春”“酸凤姐”“贤袭人”“勇晴雯”“慧紫鹃”等。

请任选一人,结合原著内容,谈谈你对该人物“一字评”的理解。

二、2020年西城一模(二)根据要求完成 11 题。

(共 7 分)11.阅读下面《论语》中的文字,回答问题。

①子贡曰:“贫而无谄,富而无骄,何如?”子曰:“可也;未若贫而乐,富而好礼者也。

” (《论语·学而》)②子贡曰:“诗云:‘如切如磋,如琢如磨’,其斯之谓与?”子曰:“赐也,始可与言诗已矣,告诸往而知来者。

” (《论语·学而》)③子贡问曰:“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也?”子曰:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之‘文’也。

”(《论语·公冶长》)④子贡问为仁。

子曰:“工欲善其事,必先利其器。

居是邦也,事其大夫之贤者,友其士之仁者。

”(《论语·卫灵公》)从这几则论语来看,孔子在教育中关注哪些方面?选择其中一个方面,谈谈你的认识或看法。

(7 分)(二)根据要求,完成15题。

(共4分)15.《红楼梦》第三十八回中,看了十二个咏菊的诗题之后,探春感慨说:“竟没有人作《簪菊》。

”于是她在《簪菊》题下作了一首,诗中写道:“瓶供篱栽日日忙,折来休认镜中妆。

北京市海淀区2020届高三一模语文试题及答案解析

北京市海淀区2020届高三一模语文试题及答案解析

北京市海淀区2020届高三一模语文试题及答案解析阅读下面的材料,完成1-5题。

材料一寒风凛冽的严冬,生活在北京的鸟类多是麻雀、喜鹊等留鸟。

到了春暖花开、草长莺飞的季节,京城的鸟会多起来,因为夏候鸟来了。

在众多的夏候鸟中,最著名的要数北京雨燕。

1870年,英国著名鸟类学家罗伯特•斯温侯在北京采集到了这种鸟的标本,并将其命名为“北京雨燕”。

北京雨燕翅膀呈细长而尖的镰刀形,尾羽有分叉,体重只有31-41克,体长169-184毫米。

成鸟的体羽多为黑褐色,喉部呈灰白色,胸腹部有白色细纵纹。

喙呈短三角形,口裂非常宽大,能够使它们在飞行中兜捕到大量农林害虫,包括蚊、蝇、虻等。

北京雨燕是典型的夏候鸟。

每年4月底,它们飞抵北京,繁殖、育雏,再于当年8月离开,飞往远方过冬。

它们具有超强的导航定向能力,常多年返回同一地点,有延用旧巢的习性。

北京雨燕具有高超的飞行本领,飞行速度可达每小时110-200公里。

在风雨到来之前,它们常常作超低空飞行表演,流矢一般掠地而过,成为天气变化的一种标志。

雨燕身形小巧,在高空飞行时很少扇翅,尖长的翅膀能提供强大的升力。

展开双翅时,雨燕能够长距离地滑翔;向内收起翅膀时,又能够高速冲刺追捕飞虫。

它们飞行技术高超,可是脚爪却很细弱,四趾向前,无法握住树枝,也就无法借此腾跃,要想飞起来,就只能在从高处向下落的过程中展翅飞翔。

这种生理结构特性决定了其迁徙到京城之后,会选择在高耸的城楼、高大的皇城建筑和古塔筑巢。

这些建筑飞檐翘角,梁、標、椽纵横交错,形成一个个“人造洞穴”,为雨燕提供了理想的集群繁殖之所和起飞滑翔的平台。

北京雨燕,是极少数以“北京"命名的野生动物之一。

春夏季节的黄昏,从太庙到雍和宫,从天安门到内外城的城门楼、箭楼,从天坛到十三陵,从通州的燃灯塔到海淀的慈寿寺塔,以及景山、颐和园等处的楼台亭阁,雨燕倾巢而出,伴随着此起彼伏的尖锐叫声,一道道黑色的剪影划过天空,成为古都北京引人注目的景观。

2020届上海市嘉定区高三一模语文试卷(附答案)

2020届上海市嘉定区高三一模语文试卷(附答案)

2020 届嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研(一模)考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

3.考试时间150 分钟。

试卷满分150 分。

一积累应用10 分1. 按要求填空。

(5 分)(1)蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者,。

(荀子《劝学》)(2)念去去、千里烟波,。

(柳永《》)(3)《梦游天姥吟留别》中,“,” 两句直抒胸臆表达诗人傲岸不屈的人格志趣。

2. 按要求选择。

(5 分)(1)随着时代发展,原来只为少数人欣赏的高雅艺术,更普遍地走近了大众。

如果用诗句来描述这一现象,下列最合适的一项是()(2 分)A. 此曲只应天上有,人间能得几回闻B. 十年窗下无人问,一举成名天下知C. 莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君D. 旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家(2)作为一篇文章的引言,以下这段文字后面将要谈论的内容最可能的是()(3 分)信息时代,信息的存在形式与以往的信息形态不同,它是以声、光、电、磁、代码等形态存在的。

这使它具有“易转移性” ,即容易被修改、窃取或非法传播和使用,加之信息技术应用日益广泛,信息技术产品所带来的各种社会效应也是人们始料未及的。

在信息社会,人与人之间的直接交往大大减少,取而代之的是间接的、非面对面的、非直接接触的新式交往。

这种交往形式多样,信息相关人的行为难以用传统的伦理准则去约束。

A. 信息存在形式的更新B. 信息社会与信息伦理C.人际交往形式的多样化D. 信息技术产品与交往方式二阅读70 分(一)阅读下文,完成第3—7 题。

(16分)意图及修正①一个作家之所以写作,乃是因为他有话要说。

然而,作家的初始意图与最终形成的文本之间存在着巨大的空隙,作者在写作过程中会不断修改其意图——否定、抛弃、订正或重组,甚至可能对原初的意图形成彻底的颠覆。

西城区2020届高三一模数学试题及答案解析

西城区2020届高三一模数学试题及答案解析

2020北京西城区高三一模数学 2020.4本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至2页,第Ⅱ卷3至6页,共150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共40分)一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.1.设集合A={x|x<3},B={x|x<0,或x>2},则A∩B=(A)(−∞,0) (B)(2,3)(C)(−∞,0)∪(2,3)(D)(−∞,3)2.若复数z=(3−i)(1+i),则|z|=(A)2√2(B)2√5(C)√10(D)203.下列函数中,值域为R且为奇函数的是(A)y=x+2(B)y=sinx(C)y=x−x3(D)y=2x4.设等差数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若a3=2,a1+a4=5,则S6=(A)10 (B)9 (C)8 (D)75.设A(2,−1),B(4,1),则以线段AB为直径的圆的方程是(A)(x−3)2+y2=2(B))(x−3)2+y2=8(C)(x+3)2+y2=2(D) (x+3)2+y2=86.设a,b,c为非零实数,且a>c,b>c,则(A)a+b>c(B)ab>c2(C)a+b2>c(D)1a+1b>2c7.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示,记S 为此棱锥所有棱的长度的集合,则 (A)2√2∉S,且2√3∉S (B)2√2∉S,且2√3∈S (C)2√2∈S,且2√3∉S (D)2√2∈S,且2√3∈S8.设a,b 为非零向量,则“|a +b|=|a|+|b|”是“a 与b 共线”的 (A)充分而不必要条件 (B)必要而不充分条件 (C)充要条件(D)既不充分也不必要条件9.已知函数f(x)=sinx1+2sinx的部分图象如图所示,将此图象分别作以下变换,那么变换后的图象可以与原图象重合的变换方式有①绕着x 轴上一点旋转180°; ②沿x 轴正方向平移; ③以x 轴为轴作轴对称;④以x 轴的某一条垂线为轴作轴对称. (A)①③(B)③④(C)②③(D)②④10.设函数f(x)={x 2+10x +1,x ≤0|lgx |, x >0若关于x 的方程f(x)=a(a ∈R)有四个实数解x i (i =1,2,3,4),其中x 1<x 2<x 3<x 4,则(x 1+x 2)(x 3−x 4)的取值范围是 (A)(0,101] (B)(0,99](C)(0,100](D)(0,+∞)第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共110分)二、填空题:本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分. 11.在(x +1x )6的展开式中,常数项为.(用数字作答)12.若向量a =(x 2,2),b =(1,x)满足a ·b <3,则实数x 的取值范围是. 13.设双曲线x 24−y 2b 2=1(b >0)的一条渐近线方程为y =√22x ,则该双曲线的离心率为.)的最小正周期为;若函数f(x)在区间(0,α)上单调递增,则α的最大值为14.函数f(x)=sin(2x+π4.15.在一次体育水平测试中,甲、乙两校均有100名学生参加,其中:甲校男生成绩的优秀率为70%,女生成绩的优秀率为50%;乙校男生成绩的优秀率为60%,女生成绩的优秀率为40%.对于此次测试,给出下列三个结论:①甲校学生成绩的优秀率大于乙校学生成绩的优秀率;②甲、乙两校所有男生成绩的优秀率大于甲、乙两校所有女生成绩的优秀率;③甲校学生成绩的优秀率与甲、乙两校所有学生成绩的优秀率的大小关系不确定.其中,所有正确结论的序号是.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共85分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.16.(本小题满分14分)如图,在四棱柱ABCD−A1B1C1D1中,AA1⊥平面ABCD,底面ABCD满足AD∥BC,且AB=AD=AA1=2,BD= DC=2√2.(Ⅰ)求证:AB⊥平面ADD1A1;(Ⅱ)求直线AB与平面B1CD1所成角的正弦值.17.(本小题满分14分),求sinC的值及△ABC的面积.已知△ABC满足,且b=√6,A=2π3从①B=π,②a=√3,③a=3√2sinB这三个条件中选一个,补充到上面问题中,并完成解答.4注:如果选择多个条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分.2019年底,北京2022年冬奥组委会启动志愿者全球招募,仅一个月内报名人数便突破60万,其中青年学生约有50万人.现从这50万青年学生志愿者中,按男女分层抽样随机选取20人进行英语水平测试,所得成绩(单位:分)统计结果用茎叶图记录如下:(Ⅰ)试估计在这50万青年学生志愿者中,英语测试成绩在80分以上的女生人数;(Ⅱ)从选出的8名男生中随机抽取2人,记其中测试成绩在70分以上的人数为X,求X的分布列和数学期望;(Ⅲ)为便于联络,现将所有的青年学生志愿者随机分成若干组(每组人数不少于5000),并在每组中随机选取m个人作为联络员,要求每组的联络员中至少有1人的英语测试成绩在70分以上的概率大于90%.根据图表中数据,以频率作为概率,给出m的最小值.(结论不要求证明)19.(本小题满分14分)设函数f(x)=alnx+x2−(a+2)x,其中a∈R.,求a的值;(Ⅰ)若曲线y=f(x)在点(2,f(2))处切线的倾斜角为π4(Ⅱ)已知导函数f′(x)在区间(1,e)上存在零点,证明:当x∈(1,e)时,f(x)>−e2.设椭圆E:x 22=1,直线l1经过点M(m,0),直线l2经过点N(n,0),直线l1∥直线l2,且直线l1,l2分别与椭圆E相交于A,B两点和C,D两点.(Ⅰ)若M,N分别为椭圆E的左、右焦点,且直线l1⊥x轴,求四边形ABCD的面积;(Ⅱ)若直线l1的斜率存在且不为0,四边形ABCD为平行四边形,求证:m+n=0;(Ⅲ)在(Ⅱ)的条件下,判断四边形ABCD能否为矩形,说明理由.21.(本小题满分14分)对于正整数n,如果k(k∈N∗)个整数a1,a2,…,a k满足1≤a1≤a2≤⋯≤a k≤n,且a1+a2+⋯+a k=n,则称数组(a1,a2,…,a k)为n的一个“正整数分拆”.记a1,a2,…,a k均为偶数的“正整数分拆”的个数为f n,a1,a2,…,a k均为奇数的“正整数分拆”的个数为g n.(Ⅰ)写出整数4的所有“正整数分拆”;(Ⅱ)对于给定的整数n(n≥4),设(a1,a2,…,a k)是n的一个“正整数分拆”,且a1=2,求k的最大值;(Ⅲ)对所有的正整数n,证明:f n≤g n;并求出使得等号成立的n的值.(注:对于n的两个“正整数分拆”(a1,a2,…,a k)与(b1,b2,…,b m),当且仅当k=m且a1=b1,a2=b2,…,a k=b m 时,称这两个“正整数分拆”是相同的.)西 城 区 高 三 统 一 测 试数学参考答案 2020.4一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分. 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5. A 6. C7. D8. A9. D10. B二、填空题:本大题共5题,每小题5分,共25分. 11.2012.(3,1)-1314.π,π815.②③注:第14题第一问3分,第二问2分;第15题全部选对得5分,不选或有错选得分,其他得3分. 三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共85分. 其他正确解答过程,请参照评分标准给分. 16.(本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ)因为在底面ABCD中,2,AB AD BD ===所以222AB AD BD +=,即AB AD ⊥. ……………… 2分 因为1AA ⊥平面ABCD ,AB ⊂平面ABCD ,所以1AA ⊥AB , ……………… 4分 又因为1AA AD A =,1,AA AD ⊂平面11ADD A ,所以AB ⊥平面11ADD A . ……………… 6分(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ),得1,,AB AD AA 两两垂直,故分别以AB ,AD ,1AA 为x 轴,y 轴,z 轴,如图建立空间直角坐标系, ……………… 7分 在底面ABCD 中,由题意,得224BC BD CD =+=.则(0,0,0)A ,(2,0,0)B ,(2,4,0)C ,1(2,0,2)B ,1(0,2,2)D ,所以(2,0,0)AB =,1(0,4,2)B C =-,11(2,2,0)B D =-, ……………… 8分 设平面11B CD 的法向量(,,)x y z =n ,由10B C ⋅=n ,110B D ⋅=n ,得420,220,y z x y -=⎧⎨-+=⎩令1y =,得(1,1,2)=n . ………………11分 设直线AB 与平面11B CD 所成的角为θ,则 6sin |cos ,|||6||||AB AB AB θ⋅=<>==⋅n n n , 直线AB 与平面11B CD 所成角的正弦值为66. ……………… 14分17.(本小题满分14分)解:(不可以选择②作为补充条件.)选择①作为补充条件. ……………… 2分 解答如下:因为在ABC △中,πA B C ++=,所以sin sin()C A B =+ ……………… 4分 sin cos cos sin A B A B =+ ……………… 6分B 1B DAA 1D 1CC yxz2ππ2ππsincos cos sin 3434=+=. ……………… 8分 在△ABC 中,由正弦定理sin sin a bA B=,得sin 3sin b A a B ==. ……………… 11分 所以△ABC的面积1sin 2S ab C ==. ……………… 14分选择③作为补充条件. ……………… 2分 解答如下:在△ABC中,由a B =,以及正弦定理sin sin a bA B=, ……………… 4分得2πsin sin3B B =,解得21sin 2B =. 由2π3A =,得B 为锐角, 所以π4B =,且3a B ==. ……………… 6分 因为在ABC △中,πA B C ++=,所以sin sin()C A B =+ ……………… 8分 sin cos cos sin A B A B =+ ……………… 10分2ππ2ππsincos cos sin 3434=+4=. ……………… 11分 所以△ABC的面积1sin 2S ab C ==. ……………… 14分18.(本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ)由图表可知,测试成绩在80分以上的女生有2人,占比为212010=,……… 3分 故在这50万青年学生志愿者中,英语测试成绩在80分以上的女生约为150510⨯=万人. ……………… 5分(Ⅱ)由图表知,选取的8名男生中,成绩在70分以上的有3人,70分及其以下的有5人,由题意,随机变量X 的所有可能取值为:0,1,2. ……………… 6分且205328C C 5(0)C 14P X ⋅===,115328C C 15(1)C 28P X ⋅===,025328C C 3(2)C 28P X ⋅===. ……………… 9分 所以随机变量的分布列为:……………… 10分所以51533()0121428284E X =⨯+⨯+⨯=. ……………… 11分 (Ⅲ)m 的最小值为4. ……………… 14分19.(本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ)由题意,得()2(2)f x x a xa'=+-+, ……………… 2分 X则π(2)tan 4f '=, ……………… 4分即224()1a a+-+=,解得2a =. ……………… 6分 (Ⅱ)(2()2(2))(1)x f x a a x x a x x '=+--+=-,其中(1,e)x ∈. ……………… 7分 令0(2())(1)a x f x x x'=-=-,得1x =,或2ax =. ……………… 8分由导函数()f x '在区间(1,e)上存在零点,得(1,e)2a∈,即(2,2e)a ∈. …… 9分随着x 变化,()f x '与()f x 的变化情况如下表所示:所以()f x 在(1,)2上单调递减,在(,e)2上单调递增.所以()f x 在(1,e)上存在最小值2()ln()224a a af a a =--. ……………… 11分设2()2ln 2g x x x x x =--,(1,e)x ∈. 则()()22a a g f =,(1,e)2a∈. …… 12分所以()2ln 2g x x x '=-.由(1,e)x ∈,得2ln (0,2)x ∈,2(2,2e)x ∈,则()2ln 20g x x x '=-<. 所以()g x 在区间(1,e)上单调递减.所以2()(e)e g x g >=-,即2()()e 22a a g f =>-故当(1,e)x ∈时,2()e f x >-. ……………… 14分20.(本小题满分15分)解:(Ⅰ)由题意,得a 1b =,则1c ==. ……………… 2分 根据椭圆的对称性,知四边形ABCD 是矩形.设0(1,)A y -,0(1,)B y --,0(1,)C y -,0(1,)D y ,将1x =-代入椭圆方程得2012y =. ……………… 3分 所以四边形ABCD的面积0||||2||2S AB AD y c =⋅=⋅=. ……………… 5分 (Ⅱ)设11(,)A x y ,22(,)B x y ,直线1()l y k x m =-:, ……………… 6分联立22(),1,2y k x m x y =-⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩消去y ,得22222(12)4220k x k mx k m +-+-=, …… 7分 则42222164(12)(22)0k m k k m ∆=-+->,2122412k m x x k +=+,221222212k m x x k -=+. ……………… 8分所以12|||AB x x -= ……………… 9分=同理,得||CD = 由四边形ABCD 为平行四边形,得||||AB CD =,即得22m n =. 由题意知m n ≠,所以m n =-,即0m n +=. ……………… 11分 (Ⅲ)结论:四边形ABCD 不可能为矩形. ……………… 12分由(Ⅱ)知,M N 两点关于原点对称.根据椭圆的对称性,可得,A C 两点关于原点对称,故C 的坐标为11(,)x y --.由题意,得221112x y +=,222212x y +=. ……………… 13分 于是,2221212122212121AB BC y y y y y y k k x x x x x x -+-⋅=⋅=-+-22212221112(1)2(1)2y y y y -==-≠----. 所以AB 不可能垂直于BC .所以四边形ABCD 不能为矩形. ……………… 15分21.(本小题满分14分)解:(Ⅰ)(1,1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,3),(2,2),(4) . ……………… 3分(Ⅱ)由题意,知122k a a a n =≤≤≤≤,且12k a a a n +++=, 得122k n a a a k =+++≥,即2n k ≤. ……………… 5分 所以当n 是偶数时,k 的最大值是2n (此时,2(2,2,,2)k 共有个 是n 的一个“正整数分拆”); 当n 是奇数时,k 的最大值是12n -(此时,12(2,2,,2,3)k -共有个是n 的一个“正整数分拆”). ……………… 8分(Ⅲ)当n 为奇数时,由题意,得0n f =;且1(1,1,,1)n 共有个是n 的一个各位数字均为奇数的“正整数分拆”,所以0n g >,故n n f g <. ……………… 9分当n 为偶数时,由()n 是各位数字均为偶数的“正整数分拆”,1(1,1,,1)n 共有个是各位数字均为奇数的“正整数分拆”,得0n f >,0n g >.① 当2n =时,n 的“正整数分拆”只有(1,1)和(2),所以221f g ==; ② 当4n =时,由(Ⅰ)知,442f g ==; ……………… 11分 ③ 当n 为大于4的偶数时,因为对于n 的任意一个各位数字均为偶数的“正整数分拆”12(,,,)k a a a ,都存在一个与之对应的各位数字均为奇数的“正整数分拆”121(1,1,,1,1,1,,1)k k a a a ---共有个. 且当12(,,,)k a a a 不同时,其对应的121(1,1,,1,1,1,,1)k k a a a ---共有个也不相同,所以n n f g ≤.又因为在上述对应关系下,各位数字均为奇数的“正整数分拆”(3,3)n -不存在与之对应的各位数字都是偶数的“正整数分拆”,(注:因为6n ≥,所以(3,3)n -有意义) 所以n n f g <.综上,对所有的正整数n ,n n f g ≤;当且仅当2n =或4时等号成立. ……… 14分。

2020一模汇编专题2 三角形、新定义【教师版】

2020一模汇编专题2 三角形、新定义【教师版】

姓名:年级:教师:专题02三角形、新定义一.选择题1.(黄浦区)在△ABC与△DEF中,,,如果∠B=50°,那么∠E的度数是(▲).(A)50°;(B)60°;(C)70°;(D)80°.【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据已知可以确定;根据对应角相等的性质即可求得的大小,即可解题.【详解】解:∵,,∴与是对应角,与是对应角,故.故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的判定及性质,本题中得出和是对应角是解题的关键.2.(黄浦区)在Rt△ABC中,,如果∠A=,,那么线段AC的长可表示为(▲).(A);(B);(C);(D).【答案】B【解析】根据余弦函数是邻边比斜边,可得答案.【详解】解:由题意,得,,故选:.【点睛】本题考查了锐角三角函数的定义,利用余弦函数的定义是解题关键.3.(长宁、金山区)如果点、、分别在边、、上,联结、,且,那么下列说法错误的是()A.如果,那么B.如果,那么C.如果,那么D.如果,那么【答案】C【分析】由平行四边形的性质和相似三角形的判定与性质得出选项A不符合题意;由平行线分线段成比例定理和已知条件得出选项B不符合题意;由相似三角形的性质得出EF与AB不平行,选项C符合题意;由平行线的性质和相似三角形的判定得出选项D不符合题意;即可得出答案.【详解】如图所示:A、∵DE∥AC,EF∥AB,∴四边形ADEF是平行四边形,△BDE∽△BAC,∴DE=AF,,∴AF:AC=BD:AB;选项A不符合题意;B、∵DE∥AC,∴AD:AB=CE:BC,∵AD:AB=CF:AC,∴CE:BC=CF:AC,∴EF∥AB,选项B不符合题意;C、∵△EFC∽△ABC,∴∠CFE=∠CBA,∴EF与AB不平行,选项C符合题意;D、∵DE∥AC,EF∥AB,∴∠C=∠BED,∠CEF=∠B,∴△EFC∽△BDE,选项D不符合题意;故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的判定与性质、平行线分线段成比例定理、平行线的性质、平行四边形的判定与性质等知识;熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键.4.(崇明区)如图,在中,点、分别在和边上且,点为边上一点(不与点、重合),联结交于点,下列比例式一定成立的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【分析】根据相似三角形的判定和性质分析即可.【详解】∵DE∥BC,∴△ADN∽△ABM,△ANE∽△AMC,∴,,∴,即,故选:B.【点睛】此题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质,牢记定理是解决此题的关键.5.(嘉定区)三角形的重心是()A.三角形三边的高所在直线的交点;B.三角形的三条中线的交点;C.三角形的三条内角平分线的交点;D.三角形三边的垂直平分线的交点.【答案】B【分析】根据三角形重心的概念即可得出答案.【详解】A三角形三边的高所在直线的交点是垂心;B三角形的三条中线的交点是重心;C三角形的三条内角平分线的交点是内心;D三角形三边的垂直平分线的交点是外心.故选B【点睛】本题主要考查三角形的重心,掌握三角形重心的概念是解题的关键.6.(静安区)在△ABC中,点D、E分别在边AB、AC上,DE∥BC,AD:DB=4:5,下列结论中正确的是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【分析】根据平行线分线段成比例,相似三角形性质,以及合比性质,分别对每个选项进行判断,即可得到答案.【详解】解:如图,在△ABC中,DE∥BC,AD∶DB=4∶5,则∴△ADE∽△ABC,∴,故A错误;则,故B正确;则,故C错误;则,故D错误.故选择:B.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的性质,平行线分线段成比例,合比性质,解题的关键是熟练掌握平行线分线段成比例的性质.7.(闵行区)如果把Rt△ABC的各边长都扩大到原来的n倍,那么锐角A的四个三角比值()A.都缩小到原来的n倍B.都扩大到原来的n倍;C.都没有变化D.不同三角比的变化不一致.【答案】C【分析】根据题意易得边长扩大后的三角形与原三角形相似,那么对应角相等,相应的三角比值不变.【详解】∵各边都扩大n倍,∴新三角形与原三角形的对应边的比为n:1,∴两三角形相似,∴∠A的三角比值不变,故答案为C.【点睛】本题考查锐角三角函数的定义,用到的知识点有:三边对应成比例,两三角形相似;相似三角形的对应角相等.三角函数值只与角的大小有关,与角的边的长短无关.8.(浦东新区)如图,点分别在的边、上,下列各比例式不一定能推得的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【分析】根据对应线段成比例,两直线平行,可得答案.【详解】解:A、∵,∴DE∥BC,不符合题意;B、由,不一定能推出DE∥BC,符合题意;C、∵,∴DE∥BC,不符合题意;D、∵,∴DE∥BC,不符合题意.故选:B.【点睛】本题考查对应线段成比例,两直线平行,理解对应线段是解答此题的关键.9.(浦东新区)如图,传送带和地面所成斜坡的坡度为,它把物体从地面点处送到离地面3米高的处,则物体从到所经过的路程为()A.米B.米C.米D.9米【答案】A【分析】根据坡比定义求出AC的长度,再根据勾股定理求出AB长度即可.【详解】解:设BC⊥AC,垂足为C,∵i=BC:AC=1:3∴3:AC=1:3,∴AC=9在Rt△ACB中,由勾股定理得,∴AB=米.故选:A.【点睛】本题考查解直角三角形,明确坡比的概念是解答此题的关键.10.(普陀区)如图2,在中,,,垂足为点,如果,,那么的长是()A.4B.6C.D.【答案】C【解析】(1)相似模型——“母子型”;(2)相似的性质:周长之比等于相似比11.(青浦区)如果两个相似三角形对应边之比是1∶2,那么它们的对应高之比是()A.1∶2;B.1∶4;C.1∶6;D.1∶8.【答案】A【分析】根据相似三角形的对应高的比、中线、角平分线的比都等于相似比作答即可.【详解】∵两个相似三角形对应边之比是1∶2,又∵相似三角形的对应高的比、中线、角平分线的比都等于相似比,∴它们的对应高之比是:1∶2,故选:A.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的性质:相似三角形的对应高的比、中线、角平分线的比都等于相似比.12.(青浦区)如图,DE∥AB,如果CE∶AE=1∶2,DE=3,那么AB等于()A.6;B.9;C.12;D.13.【答案】B【分析】根据比例的性质得CE∶CA=1∶3,根据平行线分线段成比例定理的推论,即可求得答案.【详解】∵CE∶AE=1∶2,∴CE∶CA=1∶3,∵DE∥AB,∴∵DE=3,∴AB=3DE=9故选:B【点睛】本题考查了平行线分线段成比例定理的推论及比例的性质,熟练运用“平行于三角形一边,并且和其他两边相交的直线,所截得的三角形的三边与原三角形的三边对应成比例”是解题的关键.13.(松江区)下列两个三角形不一定相似的是A.两条直角边的比都是的两个直角三角形B.腰与底的比都是的两个等腰三角形C.有一个内角为的两个直角三角形D.有一个内角为的两个等腰三角形【答案】D【分析】根据图形相似的定义判定,用排除法求解.【详解】解:A.两条直角边的比都是的两个直角三角形,根据两边对应成比例且夹角相等,两个三角形相似判断,两个三角形相似,故正确,不符合题意;B.腰与底比都是的两个等腰三角形,等腰三角形,两条腰相等,根据三边对应成比例,两个三角形相似判断,两个三角形相似,故正确,不符合题意;C.有一个内角为的两个直角三角形,两角对应相等两三角形相似判断,两个三角形相似,故正确,不符合题意;D.有一个内角为的两个等腰三角形,内角是的等腰三角形需要注意的是,这个角是顶角还是底角,情况不一样不一定相似.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查的是相似三角形的判定,熟知有两组角对应相等的两个三角形相似是解答此题的关键.14.(徐汇区)如图,,,,,那么下列结论正确的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【分析】根据平行线分线段成比例定理判断即可.【详解】∵AB∥CD∥FF,AC=2,AE=5,BD=1.5,即解得:故选:D.【点睛】本题考查是平行线分线段成比例定理,灵活运用定理、找准对应关系是解题的关键.15.(徐汇区)下列命题中,假命题是()A.凡有内角为30°的直角三角形都相似B.凡有内角为45°的等腰三角形都相似C.凡有内角为60°的直角三角形都相似D.凡有内角为90°的等腰三角形都相似【答案】B【分析】根据相似三角形的判定定理对各小题分析判断即可判断.【详解】A、凡有内角为30°的直角三角形都相似,所以A选项的命题为真命题;B、凡有内角为45°的等腰三角形不一定相似,所以B选项的命题为假命题;C、凡有内角为60°的直角三角形都相似所以C选项的命题为真命题;D、凡有内角为90°的等腰三角形都相似,所以D选项的命题为真命题.故选:B.【点睛】题考查了命题与定理:判断一件事情的语句,叫做命题.许多命题都是由题设和结论两部分组成,题设是已知事项,结论是由已知事项推出的事项,一个命题可以写成“如果…那么…”形式.有些命题的正确性是用推理证实的,这样的真命题叫做定理.16.(虹口区)如图,点D是△ABC的边BC上一点,∠BAD=∠C,AC=2AD,如果△ACD的面积为15,那么△ABD的面积为()A.15B.10C.7.5D.5【分析】首先证明△BAD∽△BCA,由相似三角形的性质可得:△BAD的面积:△BCA的面积为1:4,得出△BAD的面积:△ACD的面积=1:3,即可求出△ABD的面积.【解答】解:∵∠BAD=∠C,∠B=∠B,∴△BAD∽△BCA,∵AC=2AD,∴=()2=,∴=,∵△ACD的面积为15,∴△ABD的面积=×15=5,故选:D.17.(闵行区)如图,在正三角形中,分别在,上,且,,则有()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【分析】本题可以采用排除法,即根据已知中正三角形ABC中,D、E分别在AC、AB上,,AE=BE,我们可以分别得到:△AED、△BCD为锐角三角形,△BED、△ABD为钝角三角形,然后根据锐角三角形不可能与钝角三角形相似排除错误答案,得到正确答案.【详解】由已知中正三角形ABC中,D、E分别在AC、AB上,,AE=BE,易判断出:△AED为一个锐角三角形,△BED为一个钝角三角形,故A错误;△ABD也是一个钝角三角形,故C也错误;但△BCD为一个锐角三角形,故D也错误;故选B.【点睛】本题考查的知识点是相似三角形的判定,其中在解答选择题时,我们可以直接根据相似三角形的定义,大小不同,形状相同,排除错误答案,得到正确结论.二.填空题1.(黄浦区)如图,在△ABC中,点D、E分别在△ABC的两边AB、AC上,且DE∥BC,如果,,,那么线段BC的长是______.【答案】;【解析】【分析】根据DE∥BC可得,再由相似三角形性质列比例式即可求解.【详解】解:,,,又∵,,,,解得:故答案为:.【点睛】本题主要考查了平行线分线段成比例定理的应用,找准对应线段是解题的关键.2.(黄浦区)如图,在Rt△ABC中,,BD⊥AC,垂足为点D,如果,,那么线段AB的长是______.【答案】;【解析】【分析】在中,根据直角三角形边角关系求出,根据勾股定理求出,在在中,再求出即可.【详解】解:在中,,,,,,,,在中,,故答案为:.【点睛】本题考查了直角三角形的边角关系,勾股定理等知识,在不同的直角三角形中利用合适的边角关系式正确解答的关键.3.(黄浦区)如果等腰△ABC中,,,那么______.【答案】;【解析】【分析】过点作于点,过点作于点,由于,所以,,根据勾股定理以及锐角三角函数的定义可求出的长度.【详解】解:过点作于点,过点作于点,,,,AB=AC=3,BE=EC=1,BC=2,又∵,∴BD=,,∵,∴,故答案为:.【点睛】本题考查解直角三角形,涉及锐角三角函数的定义,需要学生灵活运用所学知识.4.(黄浦区)在△ABC中,AB=12,AC=9,点D、E分别在边AB、AC上,且△ADE与△ABC与相似,如果AE=6,那么线段AD的长是______.【答案】8或;【解析】【分析】分类讨论:当,根据相似的性质得;当,根据相似的性质得,然后分别利用比例性质求解即可.【详解】解:,当,则,即,解得;当,则,即,解得,综上所述,的长为8或.故答案为:8或.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的性质:相似三角形的对应角相等,对应边的比相等.解决本题时分类讨论边与边的对应关系是解题的关键.5.(黄浦区)如图,在△ABC中,中线BF、CE交于点G,且CE⊥BF,如果,,那么线段CE的长是______.【答案】【解析】【分析】根据题意得到点G是△ABC的重心,根据重心的性质得到DG=AD,CG=CE,BG=BF,D是BC 的中点,由直角三角形斜边中线等于斜边一半可得BC=5,再根据勾股定理求出GC即可解答..【详解】解:延长AG交BC于D点,∵中线BF、CE交于点G,∵△ABC的两条中线AD、CE交于点G,∴点G是△ABC的重心,D是BC的中点,∴AG=AD,CG=CE,BG=BF,∵,,∴,.∵CE⊥BF,即∠BGC=90°,∴BC=2DG=5,在Rt△BGC中,CG=,∴,故答案为:.【点睛】本题考查的是三角形的重心的概念和性质,三角形的重心是三角形三条中线的交点,且重心到顶点的距离是它到对边中点的距离的2倍.理解三角形重心的性质是解题的关键.6.(杨浦区).已知点G是△ABC的重心,过点G作MN∥BC分别交边AB、AC于点M、N,那么=.【分析】根据三角形重心和相似三角形的判定和性质解答即可.【解答】解:如图,,连接AG并延长交BC于点E,∵点G是△ABC的重心,∴,∵MN∥BC,∴△AMN∽△ABC,∴,故答案为:7.(杨浦区)如图,某小区门口的栏杆从水平位置AB绕固定点O旋转到位置DC,已知栏杆AB的长为3.5米,OA的长为3米,点C到AB的距离为0.3米,支柱OE的高为0.6米,那么栏杆端点D离地面的距离为 2.4米.【分析】过D作DG⊥AB于G,过C作CH⊥AB于H,则DG∥CH,根据相似三角形的性质即可得到结论.【解答】解:过D作DG⊥AB于G,过C作CH⊥AB于H,则DG∥CH,∴△ODG∽△OCH,∴=,∵栏杆从水平位置AB绕固定点O旋转到位置DC,∴CD=AB=3.5m,OD=OA=3m,CH=0.3m,∴OC=0.5m,∴=,∴DG=1.8m,∵OE=0.6m,∴栏杆D端离地面的距离为1.8+0.6=2.4m.故答案为:2.4.【点评】本题主要考查相似三角形的应用,解题的关键是熟练掌握相似三角形的判定与性质.8.(杨浦区)定义:我们知道,四边形的一条对角线把这个四边形分成两个三角形,如果这两个三角形相似但不全等,我们就把这条对角线叫做这个四边形的相似对角线.在四边形ABCD中,对角线BD是它的相似对角线,∠ABC=70°,BD平分∠ABC,那么∠ADC=145度.【分析】依据四边形的相似对角线的定义,即可得到∠ABD=∠DBC,∠A=∠BDC,∠ADB=∠C,再根据四边形内角和为360°,即可得到∠ADC的度数.【解答】解:如图所示,∵∠ABC=70°,BD平分∠ABC,∴∠ABD=∠DBC,又∵对角线BD是它的相似对角线,∴△ABD∽△DBC,∴∠A=∠BDC,∠ADB=∠C,∴∠A+∠C=∠ADC,又∵∠A+∠C+∠ADC=360°﹣70°=290°,∴∠ADC=145°,故答案为:145.【点评】此题主要考查了相似三角形的性质,理解新定义“相似对角线”,利用相似三角形的性质是解题的关键.9.(杨浦区)在Rt△ABC中,∠A=90°,AC=4,AB=a,将△ABC沿着斜边BC翻折,点A落在点A1处,点D、E分别为边AC、BC的中点,联结DE并延长交A1B所在直线于点F,联结A1E,如果△A1EF为直角三角形时,那么a=4或4.【分析】当△A1EF为直角三角形时,存在两种情况:①当∠A1EF=90°时,如图1,根据对称的性质和平行线可得:A1C=A1E=4,根据直角三角形斜边中线的性质得:BC=2A1B=8,最后利用勾股定理可得AB的长;②当∠A1FE=90°时,如图2,证明△ABC是等腰直角三角形,可得AB=AC=4.【解答】解:当△A1EF为直角三角形时,存在两种情况:①当∠A1EF=90°时,如图1,∵△A1BC与△ABC关于BC所在直线对称,∴A1C=AC=4,∠ACB=∠A1CB,∵点D,E分别为AC,BC的中点,∴D、E是△ABC的中位线,∴DE∥AB,∴∠CDE=∠MAN=90°,∴∠CDE=∠A1EF,∴AC∥A1E,∴∠ACB=∠A1EC,∴∠A1CB=∠A1EC,∴A1C=A1E=4,Rt△A1CB中,∵E是斜边BC的中点,∴BC=2A1E=8,由勾股定理得:AB2=BC2﹣AC2,∴AB==4;②当∠A1FE=90°时,如图2,∵∠ADF=∠A=∠DFB=90°,∴∠ABF=90°,∵△A1BC与△ABC关于BC所在直线对称,∴∠ABC=∠CBA1=45°,∴△ABC是等腰直角三角形,∴AB=AC=4;综上所述,AB的长为4或4;故答案为:4或4;【点评】本题考查了翻折变换(折叠问题),三角形的中位线定理、勾股定理、轴对称的性质、等腰直角三角形的判定、直角三角形斜边中线的性质,并利用分类讨论的思想解决问题.10.(长宁、金山区)如图,传送带把物体从地面送到离地面5米高的地方,如果传送带与地面所成的斜坡的坡度i=1:2.4,那么物体所经过的路程AB为_____米.【答案】13.【分析】根据坡度的概念求出AC,根据勾股定理求出AB.【详解】解:∵传送带与地面所成的斜坡的坡度i=1:2.4,∴,即,解得,AC=12,由勾股定理得,AB==13,故答案为:13.【点睛】本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用-坡度坡角问题,掌握坡度是坡面的铅直高度h和水平宽度l的比是解题的关键.11.(长宁、金山区)如图,AC与BE交于点D,∠A=∠E=90°,若点D是线段AC的中点,且AB=AC =10.则BE的长等于_____.【答案】6.【分析】利用勾股定理求出BD,再利用相似三角形的性质求出DE即可解决问题.【详解】解:∵AD=DC=5,AB=10,∠A=90°,∴BD=5,∵∠ADB=∠CDE,∠A=∠E=90°,∴△ABD∽△ECD,∴,∴,∴DE=,∴BE=BD+DE=6,故答案为6.【点睛】本题考查相似三角形性质,勾股定理等知识,解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识,属于中考常考题型.12.(长宁、金山区)如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,点G是重心,AC=4,tan∠ABG=,则BG 的长是_____.【答案】.【分析】延长BG交AC于E.易知AH=2,根据三角函数计算AB的长,由勾股定理可得BH的长,由三角形重心的性质:三角形重心到顶点的距离是到对应中点距离的二倍,可得结论.【详解】解:延长BG交AC于H.∵G是△ABC的重心,∴AH=AC=×4=2,∵∠BAC=90°,tan∠ABG=,∴,∴AB=6,由勾股定理得:BH==2,∵∵G是△ABC重心,∴BG=2GH,∴BG==;故答案为:.【点睛】本题考查三角函数的定义,三角形的重心等知识,解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识,属于中考常考题型.13.(长宁、金山区)如果直线l把△ABC分割后的两个部分面积相等,且周长也相等,那么就把直线l叫做△ABC的“完美分割线”,已知在△ABC中,AB=AC,△ABC的一条“完美分割线”为直线l,且直线l平行于BC,若AB=2,则BC的长等于_____.【答案】4﹣4.【分析】设直线l与AB、CD分别交于点E、D,由“完美分割线”的定义可知,S△AED=S四边形BCDE,设AE=AD=x,证△AED∽△ABC,可求x的值,进一步可求出BC的长.【详解】解:如图,设直线l与AB、CD分别交于点E、D,则由“完美分割线”的定义可知,S△AED=S四边形BCDE,∴,∵l∥BC,∴△AED∽△ABC,∴,设AE=AD=x,则,∴x=,∴BE=CD=2﹣,∴BC=2﹣2(2﹣)=4﹣4.【点睛】本题考查了新定义,相似三角形的判定与性质等,解题关键是能够领悟新定义的性质,并进行运用.14.(崇明区)如果两个三角形相似,其中一个三角形的两个内角分别为和,那么另一个三角形的最大角为________度.【答案】70【分析】根据相似三角形的性质以及三角形的内角和定理即可解决问题.【详解】∵三角形的两个内角分别为50°和60°,∴这个三角形的第三个内角为180°−50°−60°=70°,根据相似三角形的性质可知,另一个三角形的最大角为70°.故答案为70.【点睛】本题考查三角形内角和定理,相似三角形的性质等知识,解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识,属于中考常考题型.15.(崇明区)小杰沿坡比为的山坡向上走了130米.那么他沿着垂直方向升高了_________米.【答案】50【分析】设他沿着垂直方向升高了x米,根据坡度的概念用x表示出他行走的水平宽度,根据勾股定理计算即可.【详解】设他沿着垂直方向升高了x米,∵坡比为1:2.4,∴他行走的水平宽度为2.4x米,由勾股定理得,x2+(2.4x)2=1302,解得,x=50,即他沿着垂直方向升高了50米,故答案为:50.【点睛】本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用−坡度坡角问题,掌握坡度是坡面的铅直高度h和水平宽度l的比是解题的关键.16.(崇明区)在某一时刻,测得一根高为的竹竿的影长为,同时同地测得一栋楼的影长为,则这栋楼的高度为________.【答案】54【分析】根据同一时刻物高与影长成正比即可得出结论.【详解】解:设这栋楼的高度为hm,∵在某一时刻,测得一根高为1.8m的竹竿的影长为3m,同时测得一栋楼的影长为60m,∴,解得h=54(m).故答案为54.【点睛】本题考查的是相似三角形的应用,熟知同一时刻物高与影长成正比是解答此题的关键.17.(崇明区)如图,在中,,点在上,且,的平分线交于点,点是的中点,连结.若四边形DCFE和△BDE的面积都为3,则△ABC的面积为____.【答案】10【分析】首先利用等腰三角形的性质得到点E是AD的中点,可得EF是△ACD的中位线,则EF∥CD,EF=CD,进而可证明△AEF∽△ADC,然后利用相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方求得△ADC的面积,由点E是AD的中点得△BDE和△BAE面积相等,利用即可求解.【详解】解:∵BE平分∠ABC,BD=BA,∴BE是△ABD的中线,∴点E是AD的中点,又∵F是AC的中点,∴EF是△ADC的中位线,∴EF∥CD,EF=CD,∴△AEF∽△ADC,∴S△AEF:S△ADC=1:4,∴S△AEF:S四边形DCFE=1:3,∵四边形DCFE的面积为3,∴S△AEF=1,∴S△ADC=S△AEF+S四边形DCFE=1+3=4,∵点E是AD的中点,△BDE的面积为3,∴=3,∴=3+3+4=10.故答案为10.【点睛】本题考查等腰三角形的判定和性质、三角形中位线的定义和性质、相似三角形的判定和性质,解题的关键在于求证EF为中位线,S△AEF:S△ADC=1:4.18.(奉贤区)已知中,点分别在边和的反向延长线上,若,则当的值是______时,.【答案】【分析】易得:∆ADE~∆ABC,从而得到:,即可得到答案.【详解】∵点分别在边和的反向延长线上,若,则∆ADE~∆ABC,∴,∴=.故答案是:【点睛】本题主要考查相似三角形的性质,掌握相似三角形的对应边成比例,是解题的关键.19.(奉贤区)小明从山脚出发,沿坡度为的斜坡前进了130米到达点,那么他所在的位置比原来的位置升高了__________米.【答案】50【分析】设他所在的位置比原来的位置升高了x米,根据坡度为和勾股定理,列出方程,即可求解.【详解】设他所在的位置比原来的位置升高了x米,∵坡度为,∴他所在的位置比原来的位置水平移动了2.4x米,∴,解得:x=50,故答案是:50.【点睛】本题主要考查坡度的定义和应用,根据题意,列出方程,是解题的关键.20.(奉贤区)如图,将沿边上的中线平移到的位置,如果点恰好是的重心,、分别于交于点,那么的面积与的面积之比是__________.【答案】【分析】易证∆A’MN~∆ABC,根据相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方,即可求解.【详解】∵沿边上的中线平移到的位置,∴A’M∥AB,A’N∥AC,∴∠A’MN=∠B,∠A’NM=∠C,∴∆A’MN~∆ABC,∵AD和A’D分别是∆A’MN和∆ABC对应边上的中线,点恰好是的重心,∴,∴的面积与的面积之比是:,故答案是:.【点睛】本题主要考查相似三角形的性质,掌握相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方,是解题的关键. 21.(奉贤区)如果矩形一边的两个端点与它对边上的一点所构成的角是直角,那么我们就把这个点叫做矩形的“直角点”,如图,如果是矩形的一个“直角点”,且,那么的值是__________.【答案】【分析】先证明∆BEC~∆EAD,可得:,设EC=x,则AB=CD=3x,ED=2x,结合AD=BC,可得:,进而可得到答案.【详解】∵是矩形一个“直角点”,∴∠AEB=90°,∴∠AED+∠BEC=90°,∵∠EAD+∠AED=90°,∴∠BEC=∠EAD,∵∠D=∠C,∴∆BEC~∆EAD,∴,∵,设EC=x,则AB=CD=3x,ED=2x,∴,∵AD=BC,∴,即:,∴=:3x=.故答案是:.【点睛】本题主要考查相似三角形的判定和性质定理,设EC=x,用代数式表示线段长,是解题的关键. 22.(嘉定区)如果将一个三角形保持形状不变但周长扩大为原三角形周长的9倍,那么扩大后的三角形面积为原三角形面积的_______倍.【答案】81【分析】利用相似三角形的性质可得出相似比等于周长比,面积比等于相似比的平方则可得出答案.【详解】相似三角形面积比等于相似比的平方.所以周长扩大9倍,面积扩大81倍故答案为81【点睛】本题主要考查相似三角形的性质,掌握相似三角形的性质是解题的关键.23.(嘉定区)在某一时刻测得一根高为1.8m的竹竿的影长为0.9m,如果同时同地测得一栋的影长为27m,那么这栋楼的高度为_________m【答案】54【分析】根据题意画出图形,利用相似三角形的性质解题即可.【详解】解:如图∵BE=0.9,DE=1.8,BC=27∴AC=54故答案为54【点睛】本题主要考查相似三角形的应用,掌握相似三角形的性质是解题的关键.24.(嘉定区)在△ABC中,D、E分别是边AB、AC上的点,如果AD=2,DB=1,AE=4,EC=2,那么的值为____________【答案】【分析】先利用得出DE//BC,从而得出即可.【详解】∴DE//BC,∴故答案为【点睛】本题主要考查平行线分线段成比例,掌握平行线分线段成比例是解题的关键25.(嘉定区)如图,有一个斜坡AB,坡顶B离地面的高度BC为30m,斜坡的坡度i=1:2.5,那么该斜坡的水平距离AC的长____m【答案】75【分析】根据坡度的定义解题即可.【详解】坡度tanA=i==,解得AC=75故答案为75【点睛】本题主要考查坡度的概念,掌握坡度的概念是解题的关键.26.(静安区)在△ABC中,边BC、AC上的中线AD、BE相交于点G,AD=6,那么AG=____.【答案】4【分析】由三角形的重心的概念和性质,即可得到答案.【详解】解:如图,∵AD,BE是△ABC的中线,且交点为点G,∴点G是△ABC的重心,∴;故答案为:4.【点睛】此题考查了重心的概念和性质:三角形的重心是三角形三条中线的交点,且重心到顶点的距离是它到对边中点的距离的2倍.27.(静安区)如果两个相似三角形的对应边的比是4:5,那么这两个三角形的面积比是_____.【答案】16:25【分析】根据相似三角形的面积的比等于相似比的平方,据此即可求解.【详解】解:∵两个相似三角形的相似比为:,∴这两个三角形的面积比;故答案为:∶.【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形性质,解题的关键是熟记相似三角形的性质.(1)相似三角形周长的比等于相似比;(2)相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方;(3)相似三角形对应高的比、对应中线的比、对应角平分线的比都等于相似比.28.(静安区)如图,在大楼AB的楼顶B处测得另一栋楼CD底部C的俯角为60度,已知A、C两点间的距离为15米,那么大楼AB的高度为_____米.(结果保留根号)【答案】【分析】由解直角三角形,得,即可求出AB的值.【详解】解:根据题意,△ABC是直角三角形,∠A=90°,∴,∴;∴大楼AB的高度为米.故答案为:.【点睛】此题考查了解直角三角形的应用——仰角俯角问题,熟练掌握锐角三角函数定义是解本题的关键.29.(虹口区)已知△ABC∽△A1B1C1,顶点A、B、C分别与A1、B1、C1对应,AC=12、A1C1=8,△ABC的高AD为6,那么△A1B1C1的高A1D1长为4.【分析】直接利用相似三角形的性质得出相似比等于对应高的比进而得出答案.【解答】解:∵△ABC∽△A1B1C1,AC=12、A1C1=8,∴相似比为:=,∵△ABC的高AD为6,∴△A1B1C1的高A1D1长为:6×=4.故答案为:4.30.(闵行区)如果两个相似三角形的相似比为2︰3,两个三角形的周长的和是100cm,那么较小的三角形的周长为_______cm.【答案】40。

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2020年中考第一次模拟测试卷
英语参考答案
一、单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
1-5 BCABD 6-10 ACDBA 11-15 DCCBA
二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
16-20 CABDB 21-25 CCBDA
三、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
26-30 DBCDD 31-35 ADBAC 36-40 BAACD
四、填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
A)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确。

41. air 42. agree 43. strict 44. wake45. cult ures
B) 根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

46. knives47. knock 48. slimmer49. living50. won
C)根据对话内容,从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空,使对话内容完整正确。

51. different kinds of 52. visitors53. scared 54. live on 55. wait
五、阅读填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
A)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容,在第56-65小题的空格里填入一个适当的
单词。

注意:每个空格只填一个单词
..........
56. larger/bigger 57.good 58. worri ed59. unusual/uncommon60. more
61. help62. suitable/fit63. possible64. rather65. solve
B)根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词。

66. education67. improved68. friends69. way70. able
71. bring72. enough73. understand74. well 75. making
六、书面表达(共1小题;满分15分)
Dear John,
I'm glad you will come to China. We Chinese people are kind and friendly. You don't need to worry about it.
If possible, you can prepare a small gift, like a key ring or a hat with the symbols of your country. It's not necessary to buy anything expensive. Also, you can help with some housework, such as washing the dishes, making the bed . The family members will be very grateful for that.
In addition, I suggest you learn a little Chinese that means "Nice to meet you", "Thank you" and so on, which may play a useful role during your stay. What's more, read some books about Chinese customs before coming here. Try not to make any misunderstandings.
I hope you will enjoy your stay in China.
Yours,
Li Hua 附:作文评分标准
第一档(13~15分):能写明全部要点,语言基本无误或有少量拼写错误,行文流畅,表达清楚。

第二档(10~12分):能写明大部分要点,语言有一些错误(句子结构或动词时态错误1~2处),但行文基本流畅,表达基本清楚。

第三档(7~9分):能写明一些要点,语言错误较多(句子结构或动词时态错误3~4处)但意思基本连贯,表达基本清楚。

第四档(4~6分):能写明少数要点,语言错误多,意思不连贯,影响意思表达。

第五档(1~3分):只能写出若干单词,无可读的句子。

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