Seal and Bearing Failure on a Two-Stage Overhung Pump[密封和轴承失效的两个阶段悬臂泵](-32)
hydraulic seals
Mechanical Seals
• • • Are primarily dynamic seals Are usually made of steal and rubber They have a fixed outer part attached to the housing, an inner part attached to the revolving shaft and a spring that holds the two parts together.
•
Compression Packing
• • Sometimes referred to as Jam Packings. Made from plastic, asbestos, cloth, rubber-laminated cotton, and flexible metals. Often used in the same ways as U or V packings. Generally suitable for low pressure systems and lubrication is very important due to the fact they will score the shaft if they become dry.
中石油职称英语解释
说明:“ ”表示重点，“ ”表示短语或固定搭配，通读表示本文可能考翻译，泛读表示本文可能考阅读，本复习指导仅供参与，建议有条件的同学将所有课文都泛读一遍。
8.America's Luckiest Stamp Find (美国最幸运的邮票的发现)1.The first United States airmail stamp has had an interesting story.关于美国的第一枚航空邮票有一个有趣的故事。
2.One hundred of the stamps sold to the public became known as "inverts",for the plane was printed upside down.因为蓝色的飞机被印颠倒了，仅仅有一百枚这种“倒转”邮票卖给公众。
3.The collector's heart stood still as he saw that the sheet which had been offered him had inverted centers.当这个集邮者看到邮票时他的心跳刹那间停顿了，给他的这版邮票有一个倒转的中心。
4.Yet no matter how much this valuable stamp is bought and sold,no owner can match the thrill that W.T.Robey had on that day in 1918 when he made America's luckiest stamp find! 不论这种价值极高的邮票卖多少钱、买多少钱，没有一个所有者的兴奋可与罗比在1918年发现最幸运的美国邮票那天的兴奋相比！10.The First Jet（参考译文：第一架喷气机）1.If that shell had hit us half a second sooner,it might have hit the pilot.如果那颗炮弹早半秒击中我们，它可能击中机长。
机械专业英语课后答案
一单元1)the fundamental concepts基本概念2）cross section横截面3）the internal stresses produced in the bar内应力产生在杆内4)continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure液压力连续的分布5）the tensile load拉伸载荷6）a uniform distribution over the cross section均匀分布在整个横截面7）arbitrary cross-sectional shape随机的横截面形状8）tensile stresses拉应力9）compressive stresses压应变力10）a normal stress 正压力11) through the centroid of the cross sectional area 通过横截面区的质心12) the uniform stress condition 均匀压力13) the stress distribution at the ends of the bar 载荷在铁上均匀作用14) high localized stresses 非常高的局部压力15) an axially loaded bar杆承受轴向载荷16) a tensile strain 拉应力17) an elongation or stretching of the material材料伸长18) a compressive strain压应变19) the ratio of two lengths两个长度的比值20)purely statical and geometrical considerations 纯静态和几何角度1）That branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.科学分析的一个分支,它涉及的运动中,时间和力量被称为力学和由两大部分、静力学和动力学。
职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案0528-44
职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案0528-441、WaterThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃and boils at 100℃. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three - quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans about 97 percent. The rest is fresh, but three -quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole, there is 10 -20 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely importantfraction of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发) from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.Most of the flesh water on Earth ______.【单选题】A.is stored undergroundB.is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountainsC.is found in rivers and lakeses from the rain正确答案:B答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真读懂文章句意，答案依据比较明显，在文章第二段第四句，谈到剩下1/3的淡水以冰的形式存在在南北两极和高山上，回来看选项，B项是其近义解释，所以正确，答案是B。
Rexnord Omega Elastomer Couplings Installation Ins
Installation Instructions• Rexnord® Omega® ElastomerCouplings(Page 1 of 6) Type E and ES•Sizes 2-140 This is the Original Document in English LanguageT he designation ATEX (A tmosphere E xplosibles) has established itself for the new guidelines. ATEX 100a controls allregulations for the condition of explosion-proof equipment.Model No. _____________________Category ______________________Reference _____________________Mfg Year _______________________Max Temperature _______________1. General Information1.1. Omega Couplings are designed to provide a mechanical connection between the rotating shafts of mechanical equipment, using atorsionally soft flexible element to accommodate inherent misalignment while transmitting the power and torque between the shafts.1.2. These instructions are intended to help you to install and maintain your Omega coupling. Please read these instructions prior toinstalling the coupling, and prior to maintenance of the coupling and connected equipment. Keep these instructions near the coupling installation and available for review by maintenance personnel.1.3. Rexnord Industries, LLC owns the copyright of this material. These Installation and Maintenance instructions may not bereproduced in whole or in part for competitive purposes.1.4. Symbol descriptions:Danger of injury to persons.Damages on the machine possible.Pointing to important items.2. Safety and Advice HintsDANGER!2.1. Safety should be a primary concern in all aspects of coupling installation, operation, and maintenance.2.2. All rotating power transmission products are potentially dangerous and can cause serious injury. They must be guarded incompliance with OSHA, ANSI, ATEX and any other local standard for the applications they are used. It is the responsibility ofthe user to provide proper guarding.2.3. Failure to secure capscrews properly could cause coupling component(s) to dislodge during operation and result in personalinjury. See table 3 for proper tightening torques.2.4. Do not use on turbine drives if the coupling cannot be protected from steam leakage or overspeed situations beyond thecouplings published speed rating.2.5. Before installing this coupling on systems involving sleeve bearings, herringbone gearsets or other axially sensitive devices,consult Rexnord.2.6. Elastomeric couplings can hold a static electric charge that may discharge and ignite in an explosive environment Both shafts ofthe connected equipment must have a path to ground.Installation Instructions • Rexnord ® Omega ® Elastomer Couplings (Page 2 of 6) Type E and ES • Sizes 2-1403. Rexnord Omega Coupling Design and Part NumbersType EType ES4.Drive AlignmentDANGER!Stop the motor and lock it out to prevent start-up during installation of coupling.A TTENTION! Improper alignment of the equipment or hubs may result in hub contact and sparking.⑥⑤①④⑥⑦③②Table 1 - Omega part numbersSizeElastomer ElementHubsElementcapscrews METRIC ⑥High speedrings⑦SleeveextensionE①ES ②Rough bore③BSW UNFQD hub⑤Taper Bush hub ④Taper Bush hub ④27300005M 7300075M 7300215M ---7301410-37300010M 7300080M 7300240M 7300795M 7300730M-73014207369574M 47300015M 7300085M 7300270M 7300800M 7300740M 7300860M 73014207369575M 57300020M 7300090M 7300305M 7300805M 7300745M 7300865M 73014207369576M 107300025M 7300095M 7300340M 7300810M 7300750M 7300870M 73014507369577M207300030M 7300100M 7300650M 7300815M 7300755M 7300875M 7393101 7301100M 7369578M 307300035M 7300105M 7300660M 7300820M 7300760M 7300880M 7393101 7301105M 7369579M 407300040M 7300110M 7300670M 7300825M 7300765M 7300885M 7393105 7301110M 7369580M 507300045M 7300115M 7300680M 7300830M 7300770M 7300890M 7393105 7301115M 7369581M 607300050M 7300120M 7300690M 7300835M 7300775M 7300895M 7393109 7301120M 7369582M 707300055M 7300125M 7300700M 7300840M 7300780M 7300900M 7393109 7301125M 7369583M 807300060M 7300130M 7300710M 7300845M 7300785M 7300905M 7393109 7301130M 7369584M1007300065M -7300720M 7300850M 7300850M -7301530-7369834M 1207300070M -7300725M 7300855M 7300855M -7301540-7369835M1407300071M-7300727M7300858M7300857M-7301545--5. Rexnord Omega Coupling InstallationSTEp 15.1. Clean dirt and burrs from shafts and hub bores.5.2. Be sure the keys fit shafts properly .5.3. Position both hubs on the shaft without tighteningthe setscrews.5.4. Use a half element to set proper hub spacing. 5.5. When the hubs are properly spaced, tighten the setscrews.5.6.When using tapered bushings, follow bushing manufacturers instructions.STEp 25.7. Mount first half element to the hubs using cap screws provided.5.8. Rotate the shaft 180 degrees and secure second half element.5.9.If shaft cannot be rotated, mount half elements at 90 degrees.STEp 35.10. Tighten all cap screws to the torques specified in Table 3. 5.11. Align equipment.5.12. Install proper guarding prior to equipment start up.A TTENTION! When installing the element, first seat all the cap screws with a light torque, then tighten all cap screws to proper torque using a torque wrench.Type E Type ESType EType ESType EType ESTable 2 - Drive Alignment23451020304050607080100120140(b-a)mm 3456767911881091214Δ Kr mm222222222333555Installation Instructions • Rexnord ® Omega ® Elastomer Couplings (Page 4 of 6) Type E and ES • Sizes 2-1406. Rexnord Omega Hub Mounting Options6.1.Hubs can be installed:• flush with the shaft end (D)• extended beyond the end of the shaft (E) • recessed behind the shaft end (F)A TTENTION! Shaft engagement length should be >0,8 times shaft diameter , bushed hubs must engage 100%.7. Cap Screw Torque7.1.Do not lubricate cap screws threads.7.2.Cap screws must have a thread-locking adhesive applied.7.3. Tighten cap screws by using torque wrench.A TTENTION! Do not lubricate cap screw threads 8. Rexnord Omega “Type E” Mounting OptionsArrangementAArrangementBCE Table 3 - Cap Screw Torque Couplingsize Quantity Torque - DRYMetricIn. Lbs Nm Part number Steel Part number Stainless steel Thread size Wrench size28+82042373014107301417M61038+87301420730142748+87301420730142758+8730142073014271012+87301450730145720124685373931017393102M101630127393101739310240167393105739310650167393105739310660168169273931097393110M12187016739310973931108016739310973931101002032403707301530-M203012024730154073015471403270808007301545-M24Table 4 - Type E Mounting Options23451020304050607080100120140A 368888131281181817445776B 4127273434394142515364837091102C4646465959656975919710914995124127Installation Instructions • Rexnord® Omega® ElastomerCouplings(Page 5 of 6) Type E and ES•Sizes 2-140 9.Rexnord Omega “Type ES” Mounting Optionsoutward One hub mounted inwardinwardTable 5 - Spacer coupling (ES) Hub mounting options for industry shaft gaps* Hub mounted inboardInstallation Instructions • Rexnord ® Omega ® Elastomer Couplings (Page 6 of 6) Type E and ES • Sizes 2-14010. Preventative MaintenanceDANGER!Do not make contact with the coupling when it is rotating and/or in operation10.1. Periodic visual inspection is necessary to evaluate the condition of the flex element. Inspection can be done during the operationusing a strobe light.10.2. When inspecting the element look for:• Fatigue cracks at element splits • Discoloration• Surface cracking in body of element.A TTENTION! Replace Element if necessary.11. Element ReplacementDANGER!Stop the motor and lock it out to prevent start-up during installation of coupling.11.1.Always replace both half elements.11.2. Install both half elements from the same box.11.3. Follow installation instructions (see Section 5, Rexnord Omega Coupling Installation).11.4.Tighten element cap screws to proper torque (see Table 3).。
浓缩泵产品说明书
Horsepower................................................................................................15 – 1500 HP 15 – 200 HP ( SHLH Series )Discharge Size............................................................................................3” – 20”3” – 8” ( SHLH Series )Performance RangeCapacity................................................................................100 – 20,000 US GPM 100 – 4,500 US GPM ( SHLH Series )Head ......................................................................................50’ – 350’ TH10’ – 160’ TH ( SHLH Series )Solids Handling..........................................................................................1” to 5” Particle Size1.37” –2.50” Particle Size ( SHLH Series )Motor NomenclatureType, Speed, HZ ..................................................................TEFC / 350 to 1780 RPM / 60 HZ 50 HZVoltage, Phase......................................................................480 V. / 3 Phase / 1.15 Service Factor 240 / 575 / 2400 / 4160 Volt Insulation ..............................................................................Class F Class HMaximum Water Temperature................................................................200°F. +Operation Mode ........................................................................................ManualVariable Speed Drive / Float Controls Materials of ConstructionCasing....................................................................................28% High Chrome 650+ Brinell Hardness 15/3 White Iron Impeller..................................................................................28% High Chrome 650+ Brinell Hardness 15/3 White Iron Wear Plate............................................................................28% High Chrome 650+ Brinell Hardness 15/3 White IronShaft ......................................................................................416 Stainless Steel Bearing Housing..................................................................Cast IronFasteners ..............................................................................316 Stainless Steel Impeller Type..............................................................................................EnclosedSemi-Open ( SHLH Series )Mechanical SealUpper Seat............................................................................Silicon Carbide Upper Rotator ......................................................................Silicon Carbide Lower Rotator......................................................................Silicon Carbide Lower Seat............................................................................Silicon Carbide Elastomers............................................................................Viton Labyrinth Seal......................................................................Cast Steel316 Stainless Steel / BronzeBearings......................................................................................................Permanently Lubricated DoubleAngular Contact 100,000 Hour B-10 LifeAccessories ................................................................................................Discharge Hose / Variable Speed Drives /Urethane Coating / Elbows in Steel or High Chrome / Control Panels / Moisture and Thermal Protection / Float Controls / RaftsFEATURESAPPLICATIONS1. Bottom Ash2. Tailings Ponds3. Sand Gravel4. Clean Out Sumps5. Coke Pits6. Dredging7. Coal Pile Runoff 8. Slag Pits / Mill Scale 9. Boiler Blow Down 10. Lime Slurry11. Red Mud Recovery 12. Thickener Drain13. Precipitation Thickener 14. API SludgeSPECIFICATIONSHEAVY DUTY HIGH CHROME SLURRY PUMPSPECIFICATIONSSTANDARDOPTIONSFactory–4432VentureAvenue•Duluth,MN55811•218.722.9904•Fax218.722.2826••email:***************©GPM,INC.20021. Enclosed ImpellerEven wear components.Balanced hydraulic design for extended and even wear life of components.28% High Chrome 650+ Brinell hardness:assures long life of Impeller, Wear Plate and Casing.2. Slurry Mechanical SealDual Seals of Silicon Carbide vs. Silicon Carbide running with out the need for flush water.The motor is further protected by a labyrinth seal and dual lip seals.3. Heavy Duty Wash-down MotorInverter duty TEFC, Severe service, low voltage motor minimizes the cost of operation.4. No packing or Shaft SleevesMechanical seal is self-contained requiring no adjustments or flush water for lubrication. 5. Back Pull out Design for ease of maintenanceHEA VY DUTY HORIZONTAL SHEW SERIESIf you have problems with packing and seal water,this pump will solve all your problems.。
国网电力职称英语阅读判断（已排版）
国网电力职称英语阅读判断（已排版）Passage 1 Feature of power generation1.They electric power can stored. (wrong)2.The power system is made up of 4 parts. (right)3.The unification of power system equipment is formed by 4 equipments. (right)4. A power system is an undivided integer. (right)5.The power network can operate normally without the integration of other 3 equipments. (wrong)6. A link line is called a transmission line. (right)7. A link line is formed by 3 power networks. (wrong)8.An electric power network is simply called a power network.(right)9.The main network frame is formed by a weak EHV system. (wrong)10.The networks are not closely linked with each other.(wrong)Passage 2 Types of circuit breaker1.Contactors, are-extinguishing elements, insulation material and operating mechanism form the highvoltage circuit breaker.(right)2.The insulation structure is made up of 3 parts.(right)3.The are-extinguishing medium can be divided into only 3 parts.(wrong)4.An oil circuit breaker means a circuit breaker with oil as are-extinguishing and insulationmedium.(right)5. A vacuum circuit breaker is not a circuit breaker with close and open contactors in highvacuum.(wrong)6. A pure SF6 gas is not a food are-extinguishing medium.(wrong)7.The insulation strength of SF6 gas is higher than air and vacuum.(right)8.An oil minimum circuit breaker is very safe in use.(right)9.An oil minimum circuit breaker has bad heat dissipation capability.(wrong)10.An oil minimum circuit breaker is one of the mostly used circuit breakers in the power grid.(right) Passage 3 Optical fiber communication1. A kind of information communication is optical fiber communication.(right)2.The composite optical fiber ground wire is seldom used in power system.(wrong)3.One of the transmission tasks of the optical fiber main network is to transmit administration telephonesfrom power system.(right)4.Optical fiber communication has been the important communication method in power communicationsystem.(right)/doc/168088102.html,rge capacity of communication is not one of the advantages of optical fiber communication.(wrong)6.The communication capacity of optical fiber is indirectly proportion to the carrier frequency.(wrong)7.The carrier frequency of power line is more than 300kHz.(right)8.The carrier frequency of microwave is between 3000Mha and 500MHz.(wrong)9.The main problem of the fiber-optic channel is the high price of fiber-optic equipmen t(right)10.The cables made by optical fiber are not expensive.(wrong)Passage 4 Power plant1.Base on energy conversion, power plants are divided into more than 7 categories.(right )2. A power plant tries to transform energy source into electric power. (wrong )3.The power plant generating electricity and supplying steam is called a co-generation plant. (right )4. A power net plan for short and medium term is one of factors in selecting a site (wrong)5.Two important factors for a new plant plan are fuel supply and ash disposal.(right)6.Environmental protection is less considered in building a new power plan t(wrong)7.Water sources and transportation conditions are not needed to consider in selecting a new site(wrong)8.The total capacity in a newly scheduled plant arranges from 1200MW to 3600MW(right)9.The number of units exceeds more than six.(wrong)10.The ranks of capacity should be limited within two.(right)Passage 5Selection of metal material for the boiler in units of 1000MW grade1.The 1000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit is designed and made in China.(right)2.The temperature of main steam and reheated steam reach basically between 570 to 650℃.(wrong)3.The tube wall temperature of superheater and reheater can reach more than 600 to 650 ℃ (right)4.The tube wall temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner surface is highly demanded.(right)5.The anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outside surface is not highlydemanded.(wrong)6.The temperature li mit of T91 for use is about 593℃（ring）7.The temperature limit of T92 for use is less than 620℃（wrong）8.The temperature of austenite stainless steel for normal use is about 650℃（right）9.The temperature limit of austenite stainless steel is less than 700℃（wrong）10.Only heat-resisting steel can be adopted for use.(wrong)Passage 6 The role of the condenser1. A condenser is a heat exchanger removing the vaporization heat from the exhaust steam and condensing the exhaust steam into water.(right)2.It is suggested that the water should not be cooled below the saturation temperature.(wrong)3.The saturation temperature would not remove excess energy from the system and reduce the overallefficiency.(right)4.It is unnecessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be pumped back through the system.(right)5.The condenser does not control back-pressure at the turbine exhaust.(wrong)6.The important factor controlling the turbine backpressure is the temperature of the cooling waterpassing through the condenser tubes.(right)7.The temperature of cooling water will increase itstemperature between 15o F and 20o F as it passesthrough the condenser.(right)8.The terminal difference means the temperature difference between the cooling water and the turbineexhaust steam.(right)9.The temperature increase of the cooling water and the terminal difference depend on 3 factors.(wrong)10.The exhaust steam temperature does not rely on the temperature of the cooling water which enters thecondenser.(wrong)Passage 7 Hydraulic structure1.The type of dam for hydraulic power plant depends on many factors.(right)2.The main purpose of the dam safety monitoring is to discover the normality of dam in time.(right)3.The equipment installed inside the dam is to discover the normality of dam in time.(wrong)4.Horizontal displacement is more important than vertical displacement.(wrong)5.Temperature stress and strain are the two main monitoring items of dam.(wrong)6.The monitoring method is the suitable points on the dam and its foundation.(right)7.Some monitoring devices are movable for periodical supervision.(wrong)8.The monitoring result result shall be analyzed and studied by computers.(wrong)Passage 8 Heat treatment1.The post-weld heat treatments have two main purposes.(right)2.One of the purposes is to diminish the residual stress in the welded joints.(right)3.The other purpose is to improve the organization of the welded joints.(wrong)4.The welding crack can be classified into 5 categories.(right)5.To change the internal structure of the work piece is one of purposes for heat treatment.(right)6.There are 5 kinds of steel heat treatment.(wrong)7.The processes of heat treatment include 4 procedures.(right)8.The electric resistance furnace is not widely used.(wrong)9.Heat treatment furnaces are not composed of electric resistance furnace, combustion furnace and surfaceheating device.(wrong)10.The control device for heat treatment temperature is composed of temperature measuring element, andcontrol device.(wrong)Passage 9 Business and risks1.The work Capitalism is written by Carl Marx.(right)2.For 20% profit, capital will take risks.(wrong)3.For 100%, capital dares to break any human laws.(right)4.For 200%, capital dares to commit any crime and even risks being hanged. (wrong)5.The pursuit of profits forces human beings to take any risks.(right)6.The pursuit of profit is much more encouraged than the pursuit of friendship.(wrong)7.There are two ownerships existing in Chinese economy.(right)8.Only bright manufacturer or manager can predict thefuture of his enterprises.(wrong)Passage10 Electricity1.Electricity is not dangerous as people think.(wrong)2.Dry wood can carry electricity to the ground. u(wrong)3.Conductors like metal or water can carry electricity to the ground.(right)4.Human body is a good conductor because it has 90% water in the body.(wrong)5.You can use a hairdryer far from bath and water.(right)6.Wet hands are good conductors for transmitting electricity.(tight)7.The best tool to push a shocked person away from the power is to use a non-conductor.(right) Passage 11 Undersea Life1.Everything under the sea becomes blue and green. (right)2.Now people can dive into the water to explore the secrets of the sea.(right)3.You can stay in deep blue sea for a long time if you have bottles of air on your back. (right)4.It is warm but dark in deeper water. (wrong)5.Under about 3000 feet, there is no light at all. (right)6.Many fish under deep water have eyes like normal fish in water. (wrong )7.The sea is a dangerous place for all organisms.(right)8.Deep sea animals must follow the rule: to eat or be eaten.(right)Passage 12 Advice on Friendship1.People can’t live well if they have no friends. (right)2.If you want to keep a friend forever, you should greet him with a smile.(right)3.Cooking some soup for a sick neighbour makes you’rethe sick neighbour feel much better.(right)4.If you have a close friend, It doesn’t matter to be rude to him.(wrong )5.If you want to be a loyal friend, you should understand their ideas and learn from them. (right) Passage 13 Australia1. Australia is a large country and has a relatively large population. (Wrong)2. The majority of people living in Australia are city dwellers. (right)3. The delivery of education services to people living in remote areas is unimaginable for (wrong )4. The attempt to provide educational services to distant dwellers did not take place until 1916. (right)5. The schoolwork was delivered and retumed through sealed roads, regular bus routes and airservices in the beginning. (wrong )Passage 14 Biomass1. As a source of energy, biomass can bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs. (right)2. One of the advantages of using biomass is that it is a convenient medium to store energy. (right)3. Biomass doesn't produce enough carbon dioxide and is harm less to the environment. (wrong )4. Despite its advantages, biomass is not suitable for commercial uses. (right)5. Only trees and crops can be used as biomass-fuels. (wrong )Passage 15 Nuclear radiation1. The mystery about nuclear' radiation may come from the fact that it cannot be detected (right)2. We cannot sense radio activity without a radio receiver.(wrong )3. Common radio waves are harmless to human beings and other things. (right)4. Even at the lowest levels, radiation will cause cancer by killing the healthy cells. (wrong )5. Victims of nuclear radiation may die of cancer years later. (right)Passage 16 Livestock's Long Shadow1. With the increase of human population over the last century, every thing around us is increasing. (wrong )2. It was not until the publication of a new report, called “Livestock's Long Shadow" that weknow how big the number of livestock is. (wrong )3. Rain forests are decreasing as a result of expanding grazing land. (right)4. The global livestock contribute more to the global warming than transportation. (right)5. According to the passage, the only solution to global warming is reducing cars. (wrong )Passage 17 Pain management1. Pain is a natural part of aging and the older patients have to leain to live with it. (wrong )2. Today, it is believed that chronic pain can cause depression. (right)3. To provide a comprehensive therapy, the work of many professionals is involved. (right)4. Our respect for pairi management has led to the wealth and health ofpeople. (wrong )5. The drugs which helped patients relieve the pain used to have serious side effects. (right)Passage 18 The Obama administration's bank rescue proposal1.The Obama administration’s bank rescue proposal is criticized because the amount of money (wrong )2.The word “float” means “to move without an aim” (wrong )3.According to the author ordinary Americans don’t have much cash these days. (right)4.The bailout plan is so complex and risky that the world’s major banks utterly misjudged them. (wrong )5.The last paragraph indicates that the bailout plan needs support from big investors. (right)。
关于电厂英文会话基本语句
1. General Introduction to a Power Plant
Look from here, the top floor of the boiler steel structure. You can see other facilities of the power plant. Here is the pump house and there is the water treatment plant. The circulating water system of this power plant is a closed-cycle type of cooling system which consists of cooling tower, basin, pump house and supply/return pipelines. We appreciate very much the introduction made by Mr. Jack the Director of the plant.
-5-
1. General Introduction to a Power Plant
This power plant has got extensive experience in operating 300MW units. Though has run for over 50 years, its management level is impressive. It is one of the largest fossil fired power plants in the world, with four 350MW and four 677MW generating units. There are another six gas turbines with a total capacity of 352MW used for peak load and emergency supply.
AMT Pump Company 水泵维修指南说明书
Please read and save this Repair Parts Manual. Read this manual and the General Operating Instructions carefully before attempting to assemble, install, operate or maintain the product described. Protect yourself and others by observing all safety information. The Safety Instructions are contained in the General Operating Instructions. Failure to comply with the safety instructions accompanying this product could result in personal injury and/or property damage! Retain instructions for future reference. AMT reserves the right to discontinue any model or change specifications at any time without incurring any obligation.©2015 AMT Pump Company, A Subsidiary of The Gorman-Rupp Company, All Rights Reserved.Periodic maintenance and inspection is required on all pumps to ensure proper operation. Unit must be clear of debris and sediment. Inspect for leaks and loose bolts. Failure to do so voids warranty.High Head Centrifugal Pedestal PumpsRefer to pump manual 1808-634-00 for General Operating and Safety Instructions.MAINTENANCEMake certain that the unit is disconnected from the power source beforeattempting to service or remove any components!REMOVAL OF OLD SEAL Should the mechanical seal (Ref. No. 6) require replacement, proceed asfollows and refer to Figures No. 1 and 2.IMPORTANT: Always replace both the seal seat and seal head to ensureproper mating of components! Also, the impeller seal (Ref. No. 9) should bereplaced any time the impeller lock nut (Ref. No. 10) has been removed.1. Remove four bolts (Ref. No. 3) connecting the casing (Ref. No. 11) to theadapter (Ref. No. 4).2. Remove the casing.Care should be taken not to “pinch” or “shave” the O-ring gasket (Ref.No. 5) between the adapter and the casing.3. Use a box and/or socket wrench to remove the impeller nut (Ref. No.10).Remove the impeller seal (Ref. No. 9) and the impeller (Ref. No. 8).NOTE: Pump shaft must be held in place to remove impeller. Impeller (Ref.No. 8) and lock nut (Ref. No. 10) unscrew CCW when looking at the front ofthe pump.4. The seal head (part of Ref. No. 6) can now be pulled from the shaft. (SeeFigure 2).5. Pry the seal seat (part of Ref. No. 6) from the adapter (Ref. No. 4). (SeeFigure 2).INSTALLATION OF NEW SEAL The precision faces on the mechanical seal are easily damaged. Handle your replacement seal carefully. Do not touch the carbon/ceramic seal faces.IMPORTANT: Be sure that shaft shoulder does not damage carbon face.1. Thoroughly clean all surfaces of the seal seat cavity in adapter (Ref. No. 4).2.Using a clean cloth, wipe the shaft and shaft sleeve to make certain thatthey are perfectly clean.3. Wet the rubber portion of the new seal seat (part of Ref. No. 6) with a lightcoating of soapy water. While wearing clean gloves or using a clean lightrag, press seal seat squarely into adapter recess. Place the cardboardwasher (usually supplied with new seal) over the polished surface anduse a piece of pipe or dowel rod to press in firmly, but gently. Avoidscratching the white ceramic face.4. Dispose of cardboard washer. Check again to see that ceramic surface is free of dirt and all other foreign particles and that it has not been scratched or damaged.5. Wet the inside rubber portion of the new seal head 9 part of Ref. No. 6) with a light coating of soapy water. Slide head onto the motor shaft with the sealing surface (Carbon) facing the seal seat (See Figure 1). This completes seal installation.NOTE: A short “run-in” period may be necessary to provide completely leakproof seal operation.Rotation (Threaded Shaft Model)1. Remove pump components from pedestal assembly:a. Remove bolts (Ref. No. 3) from casing; remove casing and o-ring(Ref. No. 5).b. Remove impeller nut (Ref. No.10), unscrew CCW. Pedestal shaftmust be held in place to loosen nut.c. Remove impeller o-ring (Ref. No. 9) and impeller (Ref. No. 8) turningCCW while holding pedestal shaft in place. Remove impeller shims(Ref.No. 7).d. Replace seal as described in “Removal of Old Seal”.e. Remove bolts (Ref. No. 13); remove adapter.Reverse instructions to install pump on repaired pedestal assembly.Failure to follow above information may cause impeller to unscrew anddamage pump head, cause property damage and/or personal injury. DESCRIPTION These pumps are non self-priming units designed for use where higher heads are required to handle liquid transfer, heating and cooling applications where no suction lift is required. Pump construction features investment cast stainless steel closed impeller. The discharge port on all models can be rotated in 90º incre-ments to accommodate specific applications. All units are for use with non-flammable liquids compatible with pump component materials. Units are suitable for direct coupling or pulley drive. Pump rotation is CCW facing the front of the pump. No motor is supplied with these units.Figure 1 - Mechanical SealPEDESTAL ASSEMBLY MAINTENANCEDisconnect from power source before servicing or inspecting pump for any reason.Bearing Housing Service1. Remove shaft bearings (Ref. No. 3) and shaft (Ref. No. 4) as an assemblyby first removing snap ring (Ref. No. 6) then wave washer (Ref. No. 5). 2. Push shaft/bearing assembly out of bearing housing (Ref. No. 2) byrapping on pump end of shaft with soft mallet or block of wood and a hammer.3. Shaft bearings can now be removed from shaft.4. If shaft bearings have been removed from shaft and bearing housing,replace by sliding bearing or shaft to shoulder.5. Replace shaft bearing assembly by sliding assembly into housing, pumpend first. Push shaft bearing assembly completely in by gently tapping on key way end of shaft with soft mallet.6. Replace wave washer and snap ring.7. Reassemble pump to pedestal (See pump manual “Maintenance”)For Repair Parts contact dealer where pump was purchased. Please provide following information:-Model Number-Serial Number (if any)Part description and number as shown in parts listFigure 2 - Repair Parts Illustrations1 Pedestal/Bearing Housing 3890-090-09 3890-090-09 3890-090-09 1Pedestal Assembly 3891-999-99 3891-999-99 3891-999-99 1 (includes Ref. Nos. 1, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19)3 3/8-16 x 1" Hex Head Cap Screw* ** 44 Adapter Kit - Cast Iron4890-030-954900-030-954900-030-95 1Adapter Kit - Bronze4890-030-974900-030-974900-030-971 Adapter Kit - Stainless Steel4890-030-984900-030-984900-030-98(includes Ref. Nos. 4 and 13)5 O-Ring - Buna N Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT 1O-Ring - Viton Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT1 6 Seal Assembly - Buna N1640-161-96 1640-161-96 1640-161-96 1Seal Assembly - Viton1640-161-97 1640-161-97 1640-161-97 17 Impeller Shim Kit1806-044-90 1806-044-90 1806-044-90 18 Impeller Kit4891-010-984901-010-984905-010-98 1(includes Ref. Nos. 7, 8 and 10)9 O-Ring - Buna N Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT 1O-Ring - Viton Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT Incl. w/Ref KIT110 7/16-20 Acorn Nut 1784-001-00 1784-001-00 1784-001-00 111 Casing Kit - Cast Iron4890-001-954900-001-954900-001-95 1Casing Kit - Bronze4890-001-974900-001-974900-001-971 Casing Kit - Stainless Steel4890-001-984900-001-984900-001-971 (includes Ref. Nos. 3, 11 and 12)12 3/8" Pipe Plug** * 113 3/8 x 3/4" Hex Head Cap Screw * ** 414 Ball Bearing 1695-031-00 1695-031-00 1695-031-00 215 Shaft 1696-066-00 1696-066-00 1696-066-00 116 Shaft Key 1517-000-00 1517-000-00 1517-000-00 117 Wave Washer 1806-023-00 1806-023-00 1806-023-00 118 Snap Ring 1695-034-00 1695-034-00 1695-034-00 119 q Bearing Shim Kit 1696-008-90 1696-008-90 1696-008-90 120 1696-075-00 Thread Sealant 1696-075-00 1696-075-00 1696-075-00 1 KIT O-Ring Kit - Buna N4890-300-904900-300-904900-300-901 O-Ring Kit - Viton4890-301-904900-301-904900-301-901 (*)Standard hardware item, available locally.q Not ShownNOTES:NOTES:。
Parker 柔性气缸系列的封闭选项说明书
One of the leading causes of cylinder failure is seal failure . Parker offers sealing options that cover the widestassortment of applications in the market, ensuring you can get the right seal for your job. The following bulletin will look at Parker cylinders by series and their sealing options to better assist in your specification of sealing requirements.Parker Sealing TechnologyProvides Unmatched Leak Protection on allIndustrial Hydraulic and Pneumatic CylindersHP - Polyurethane Piston SealKP - Filled PTFE Piston Seal RP - Thermoplastic SealWP - Mixed Media SealJewel Gland2H Piston Seal Types:One of Parker’s core cylinder series, the 2H is a 3000 psi NFPA tie rod hydraulic cylinder available in 1.50”-6.00” bore diameters and up to 240” stroke length. The 2H series piston seal kits utilizeParker’s new universal piston seal design, which addresses the performance balance between low pressure sealability, low friction, extrusion resistance and seal life. One piston style is used for all piston seal and wear ring configurations and will suit all application requirements. This reduces the complexity in maintaining cylinders, saving time and cost.Parker offers 4 unique seal types , asshown in the chart below, that when paired with the right seal class will provide the right sealing for your application. Seal class types are located on page 4.Contact Information:Parker Hannifin Corporation Cylinder Division 500 South Wolf Road Des Plaines, IL 60016phone 847-298-2400******************/cylinder2H Rod Sealing System:Parker’s TS2000 threaded Jewel Gland sealing system acts as an automatic check valve that prevents any appreciable amount of oil to leak past the seals.As the rod strokes out, the TS2000’s multi-sealing edges maintain contact with the rod. This provides a cutting action to shear oil from the rod, allowing the rod to pass out of the rod seal practically dry. Any oil that remains on the rod is stopped by the inner lip of the Wiper-seal and held between it and the rod seal. On the return stroke any dirt collected on the rod is wiped off by the outer lip of the Wiper-seal. At the same time, any oil trapped between the Wiper-seal and the rod seal is returned into the cylinder. The TS2000 Jewel Gland is easily removed for service without loosening tie rods and disturbing the pressure envelope.Additional 2H Sealing Options:For environments that contain fine abrasive particulates Parkerrecommends the Parker Crown Wiper™ for Series 2HD. The 3000 psi NFPA tie rod hydraulic 2HD cylinder is the next step up in Parker’s 2H line for applications that require increased durability and is also available in 1.50”-6.00” bore diameters and up to 240” stroke length. The Crown Wiper is a proven superior alternative to piston rod end boots or metallic wipers that can ingest particulate. It has a sharp leading edge to effectively clean the piston rod and a beveled shape to prevent contaminant intrusion by channeling it away from the gland. It also acts as a secondary seal to wipe clean any oil film adhering to the rod on the extend stroke. Standard Crown Wiper material for Seal Class 1 and 2 service is durable polyurethane. Optional FKM material is available for Class 5 service.The Parker Buffer Seal, installed ahead of the primary rod seal, protects the primary seal from the effects of pressure spikes. The result is increased primary rod seal and wiper seal performance life when in severe applications. Both seals provide superior protection against harmful contamination that can damage cylinders causing unnecessary downtime. Buffer Seals are available in class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.Buffer SealSealing for RDH:Parker’s heavy-duty hydraulic round-line cylinder series, the RDH is a 3000 psi cylinder available in 1.50”-8.00” bore diameters and up to 240” stroke length. The RDH offers a Tri-Lip Rod Seal and Bi-Directional Piston Seal with proven leak-free performance. Durable polyurethane material is used to maximize seal life. Nitrile end seals and backup rings on a smooth bore of thecylinder body provide optimal sealing and elimination of extrusion problems. Composite rod and piston wear rings are internallylubricated for reduced friction and formulated for heavy-duty, load-bearing applications. Standard rod material is case-hardened, hard chrome plated and polished to an optimum finish. And since we use Parker seals, all seals have immediate availability in other popular compounds.Sealing for 2A/2AN:Parker’s heavy-duty pneumatic cylinder series, the 2A is a 250 psi NFPA tie rod cylinder available in 1”-14” bore diameters and up to 240” stroke length. The 2A provides a serrated lip-seal in its rodgland that has a series of sealing edges which take over successively as pressure increases, providing efficient sealing under all operating conditions. The double lip wiper-seal acts as a secondary seal,cleaning the rod on the return stroke. Its outer lip prevents the ingress of dirt into the cylinder, extending the life of the gland and seals, minimizing costly replacements.Parker Series 2AN, the non-lubricated version of the 2A, and comes with Non-Lubricated Rod Seals. These seals with special rounded sealing lips are supplied as standard for all non-lubricated applicationsand provide all the same benefits as the 2A rod sealSealing for 3L:For use in applications that require lighter duty than the 2H, Parker’s 3L series is a 1000 psi NFPA tie rod hydraulic cylinder available in 1.00”-8.00” bore diameters and up to 240” stroke length. The 3L’s Piston Lip-seals provide zero leakage under static conditions. Seals are self-compensating to conform to variations in pressure, mechanical deflection, and wear, and have back-up washers to prevent extrusion.The 3L Series also utilizes the TS2000 Rod Seal System with its proven leakproof design. It is completely self-compensating and self-relieving to withstand variations and conform to mechanical deflection that may occur. All these features result in a cylinder seal that will withstand the rigors of your applications reducing maintenance costs.CHE/CHD Seal Design:Parker offers two compact hydraulic cylinders, the 140 bar aluminum CHE with up to 150mm stroke length and the 207 bar steel CHD with up to 100mm stroke length, both are available in 20mm to 100mm bore diameters. These compact cylinders include 4 key elements to keep your cylinder leak free:1. Primary Seal – polyurethane rod seal with multiple sealing edges is self-compensating and self-relieving to withstand pressure variations and conform to mechanical deflection that may occur.2. Secondary Seal (Rod Wiper) – wipes clean any oil film adhering to the rod on the extend stroke and cleans the rod on the return stroke.3. Bi-Directional Piston Seal – Polyurethane seal ring with energizer provides leak-free performance.4. Non-Metallic Wear Band – improves resistance to bearing loadsNon-Metallic Wear BandPrimary SealBi-DirectionalPiston SealPiston SealSeal Classes:deterioration from fluid incompatibility or premature wear.expertise in sealing technology. This expertise provides ourcustomers with the knowledge to pick the right seal class andminimize costly replacements.Two main factors in choosing the right seal are fluid type andtemperature. The chart below is a quick guide to which class ofseal to use in your application:*EPR seals are not compatible with hydraulic oil**Fluorocarbon Seals are not suitable for use with Skydrol fluid, but can be used with hydraulic oil if desired.HY08-4100-B1/NA April 2020© 2020 Parker Hannifin Corporation。
Bearing seals
专利名称：Bearing seals发明人：Otto, Dennis L.,Baker, Mark E.,Chandler, JonA.,Abbruzzi, Joseph A.申请号：EP92305441.5申请日：19920612公开号：EP0519654A2公开日：19921223专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A seal for a roll neck bearing has a two interlocked components - a rotating component (34) fitted to the inner race of the bearing and a stationary component (36)fitted to the outer race. The rotating component includes a shield (40) which fits aroundthe end of the inner race, and, while it establishes a static barrier along the inner race, it can float or be displaced axially on the inner race. The stationary component has a seal case (60) which fits snugly in a bore that opens out of the end of the outer race, it being trapped in that bore by a chock (C) into which the bearing fits. Both the shield (40) and case (60) have axial walls (42; 62) and radial walls (46; 64), and at the ends of their radial walls carry elastomeric seal elements (54; 68). The seal element (54) of the shield contacts the axial wall (62) of the seal case, whereas the seal element (68) of the case contacts the axial wall (42) of the shield and further establishes a labyrinth along the shield. The two seal elements include bumpers (90; 58) which are presented toward the radial walls (48; 64) and limit the distance the rotating component may be displaced axially relative to the stationary component.申请人：THE TIMKEN COMPANY地址：1835 Dueber Avenue, S.W. Canton, Ohio 44706 US国籍：US代理机构：Perkins, Sarah更多信息请下载全文后查看。
SEAL ARRANGEMENT
专利名称：SEAL ARRANGEMENT发明人：GENTEMANN, Martin,KOCH, Michael 申请号：EP2002002628申请日：20020309公开号：WO02/078991P1公开日：20021010专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：The seal arrangement (1) is for sealing a gap (2) between two co-operating components (3, 4). A mounting rail (7) is fixed to a first (3) of the components (3, 4), by means of clips (6), to which a fixing region (19) of a profile (18) is positively clipped. A sealing region (20) of the profile (18), which co-operates in a sealing manner with a second (4) of the components (3, 4), is fixed to the fixing region (19). The mounting rail (7) is made from plastic and comprises at least two clip regions (21 to 23), arranged perpendicular to a longitudinal length of the profile (18), at a separation from each other.A complementary counter clip region (24 to 26) on the fixing region (19) is clipped to each clip region, whereby a first (21) and a second clip region (22) are provided on the longitudinal edges of the mounting rail (7). A first sealing lip (29) is formed on an inner counter-clip region (26) of the fixing region (19), which co-operates in a sealing manner with the first component (3), supporting the seal arrangement (1). A second sealing lip (32) is formed externally on the sealing region (20), at a separation from the mounting rail (7), co-operating in a sealing manner with the first component (3), supporting the seal arrangement (1).申请人：GENTEMANN, Martin,KOCH, Michael地址：DE,DE,DE国籍：DE,DE,DE代理机构：SOBISCH, Peter 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
中心力气压器故障原因与维护措施说明书
List of Problems and Solutions for Centrifugal Air CompressorAs a speed type air compressor, centrifugal compressor can generate air flow moving in radial direction.Centrifugal air compressors are used by a large number of companies today because of their high-pressure tightness. Therefore, common faults in the operation have become one of the most concerned issues for users.This article will discuss causes of centrifugal compressor failures and give corresponding maintenance measures.At the end, OKmarts has listed the problems and solutions in detail for your quick reference.1. Common Reasons of Centrifugal Compressor Problems1.1 Increase of Bearing TemperatureThe operating temperature of centrifugal compressor bearing is generally of 45~50℃, and it should not exceed 65℃. Generally, when it is 65°C, the alar m rings, and when it’s 75°C , the device will chain stop.Reasons for the increase of bearing temperature are as listed.* If the clearance between the bearing shell and the journal is too small, it should be adjusted by scraping the shell.* Small bearing lubricant inlet will lead into insufficient oil intake, so the aperture of the throttle ring should be appropriately enlarged.* The temperature of oil is too high. Adjust the amount of cooling water in the oil cooler.* The oil is contaminated by water, or becomes dirty and deteriorated, which will affect the lubrication effect. The oil cooler should be checked to prevent water leakage or replace the oil.* Dirt enters the bearing and wears out the bearing shell. The bearing and lubricating oil pipeline should be cleaned, and the shell should be scrapped.* If the bearing shell is damaged, it should be recast.Figure 1: A close-range photograph of centrifugal compressor bearing.1.2 SurgeSurge is a kind of abnormal vibration that occurs when the flow rate of the turbo compressor is reduced to a certain extent. Centrifugal compressor is a type of turbo compressor which will be seriously damaged by surge.When the centrifugal compressor surges, typical phenomena include:* The outlet pressure of the compressor rises, and then drops sharply, and fluctuates cyclically.* The flow rate of the compressor drops sharply and fluctuates sharply. In severe cases, air may even flow back into the suction pipe.* The current and power meter indication of the motor driving the compressor is unstable and fluctuates greatly.* The device strongly vibrates, and at the same time it emits abnormal airflow noise.Figure 2: A damaged centrifugal compressor caused by surge1.3 Factors Affecting Exhaust Gas VolumeThere are many factors affecting gas volume of centrifugal compressor. In addition to design, manufacturing, and installation, we will expound other factors as below.* The air filter is clogged or the resistance increases.At this time, the compressor suction pressure decreases. The outlet pressure remains unchanged, so the pressure ratio is increased. According to the compressor performance curve, when the pressure ratio increases, the displacement decreases.* The air separation equipment is blocked, the resistance increases or the valve fails.At this time, the compressor suction pressure increases. If the suction pressure remains unchanged, the pressure ratio increases, resulting in a decrease in the exhaust volume.* Blocked intercooler or increased resistanceAt this time, the exhaust volume is reduced. However, the situation of blockage in different sides is not the same.If the air-side resistance increases, only the internal resistance of the machine will be increased, which will reduce the efficiency of compressor and the displacement. If the water-side resistance increases, the circulating cooling water will be reduced, which will lead to bad cooling of gas. Later it affects the next stage of suction, so that the compressor exhaust volume is reduced.* Gas leakage caused by poor sealing(1)Internal leakage:If there is internal leakage with compressor, the compressed gas is returned and compressed twice. This will affect the working conditions of each stage, increase the pressure ratio of low-pressure stage, and decrease that of high-pressure stage. As a result, the compressor is far away from the design working condition and the displacement decreases.(2)External leakage:That is, air leakage from the shaft end seal to the outside of the casing.If there is external leakage with compressor, the suction volume is constant, but part of the compressed gas leaks, causing the exhaust volume to decrease.* Cooler leakageIf it is the first stage of leakage, the water side pressure is higher than the air side pressure, so the cooling water will enter the air side channel and be further entrained by the airflow into the impeller and diffuser.After a certain period of time, it will cause fouling and blockage, reducing the air flow. If it is the secondary and tertiary leakage, the compressed air will leak into the cooling water and run away because the air side pressure is higher than the water side, reducing the exhaust volume.* Frequency or voltage drop of the powerThe frequency or voltage drop of the power grid will make the speed of the motor of the compressor drop, and the exhaust volume decrease.* Increase of suction temperature and decrease of gas densityWhen the temperature of suction at any stage increases, the density of the gas will decrease, resulting in the suction volume to decrease.Figure 3: The construction and working principle of centrifugal compressor1.4 Seal LeakageLeaks at the wheel cover seal and the inter-stage seal are all internal leakages. Severe internal leakage will increase compressor energy loss, reduce efficiency of the stage and compressor as well as gas volume.However, the impact mechanism of the two is different too. The leakage of the wheel cover seal makes the compressed gas return to the impeller, and then performs the second stage compression. That mainly increases the total power consumption of the stage. The internal leakage of the interstage seal will increase the pressure ratio of low-pressure stage and decrease that of high-pressure stage.Although the serious leakage of the balance disc seal has little effect on the performance of the compressor, but it affects the safe operation of compressor a lot.The external leakage of the shaft seal is from the seal to the outside of the casing. There's no doubt that serious external leakage will directly reduce the compressor exhaust volume.2. List of Problems and Solutions for Centrifugal Compressors。
金斯水泥RGS2012下水钢筋泥浆混凝土泵说明书
Goulds PumpsRGS2012SubmersibleGrinder PumpGoulds Pumps is a brand of ITT Engineered for lifeFeatures■ Design: Capable of grinding domestic sewage in individual residential applications.■ Cutter System: Anti-roping design. Two blade rotary cutter is threaded to shaft. Stationary cutter ring is reversible for extended service. ■ Impeller: Silicon bronze, semi-open, non-overloading two-vane design with pump-out vanes for mechanical seal protection. Balanced for smooth operation.■ Casing: Cast iron, volute type for high effi-ciency. Adaptable for guide rail system.■ Motor: Fully submerged in oil-filled chamber . High grade turbine oil surrounds motor for more efficient heat dissipation, permanent lubrication of bearings and mechanical seal, and protection against outside environment.■ Motor Shaft: 300 series stainless steel, short overhang for minimum shaft deflection.■ Designed for Continuous Operation: Pump ratings are within the motor manufacturer's recommended working limits, can be oper-ated continuously without damage when fully submerged.■ Bearings: Upper and lower ball bearings for precision positioning of parts and to carry all radial and thrust loads.■ Mechanical Seal: Hardfaced Silicon carbide for longer life, stainless steel metal parts, BUNA-N elastomers.■ Power Cable: Severe duty rated, oil and water resistant. Epoxy seal on motor end provides secondary moisture barrier in case of outer jacket damage and to prevent oil wicking.■ O-Ring: Assures positive sealing against con-taminants and oil leakage.■ Paint: Electro-coat paint process protects all casting surfaces.■ May be used with optional guide rail. See Fit-tings or Pump Removal Systems.2MODeL INFOrMatIONOrderHP Volts Phase RPM Operation Discharge Impeller Diameter Maximum LRAPower CordWeight Number Size (inches) Amps(lbs.) RGS2012 Manual20' with Bare Leads 75 RGS2012P 20' with 230 V Plug RGS2012PA 2 208/230 1 3450 Automatic 1¼" 5.69" 15 59 20' with 230 V Plugand Float 76RGS2012PS Manual30' with 230 V PlugMOtOr DataHP Volts Phase RPMMaximumLRAFull Load ResistancePower CableFuse/ Amps Motor Efficiency Start Line-Line Circuit Breaker2208/230 1 34501559 702.47 0.614/330A non-stock pump may be special ordered with optional legs by adding an "L" suffix to the Order Number. Example: RGS2012L , RGS2012S L , RGS2012PS L , etc. See "L" List Adder in price book.aPPLICatIONsDesigned for high head residential sewage applications where a gravity system is not practical. Ideal for pres-sure sewage systems.sPeCIFICatIONsPump:• Capacities: to 41 GPM.• Total heads: to 95' TDH.• Discharge: 11⁄4" NPT .• Temperature: 104ºF (40ºC) maximum continuous, 140ºF (60ºC) maximum intermittent.• Single mechanical seal: silicon carbide rotary/silicon carbide stationary, 300 series stainless steel metal parts, BUNA-N elastomers.• Fasteners: 300 series stainless steel.• Rotating cutter and cutter ring: 440 C hardened stainless steel.Motor:• Single phase: 2 HP , 60 Hz, 3450 RPM, 208/230 V , capacitor start with on winding thermal protector. No external capacitor kits required.• Class F insulation.• Shaft: 300 series stainless steel threaded design.• Bearings: ball bearings upper and lower.Power Cord with bare lead ends:• Use for connections in a control panel or junction box.• Standard length 20', 14/3 STOW.• Optional lengths of 30', 50' and 100'.Power Cord with 230 V NEMA three prong grounding plug:• P suffix equals a 20' long cord with plug.• PS suffix equals a 30' long cord with plug.• Allows direct connection to piggyback type float switch.aGeNCY LIstINGsTested to UL 778 and CSA 22.2 108 Standards ByCanadian StandardsAssociation File #LR38549Goulds Pumps is ISO 9001 Registered.U L®Underwriters Laboratories32510705030201060400 2.57.5510152025T O T A L H E A DCAPACITYU.S. GPM m 3/hrFEETMETERS 5.0301520510.03035408090100110MODEL: RGS2012DISCH: 1 1/4" NPT SPEED: 3450 RPM45=A 11/4" minimum discharge pipe requires a minimum flow of 10 gpm to maintain a 2 f t./sec. scouring velocity. Flows less than 10 gpm will allow solids to settle in the pipe.(All dimensions are in inches. Do not use for construction purposes.)DIMeNsIONs* Optional pump legs are recommended for poly or fiberglass basin installations where the pumps contact the basin floor.The order number for a package of (3) three optional pump legs is 4K639.CONstruCtION DetaILs14/3 STOW, single phase with Power Cable – type bare leads14/3 STOW, with 230 V NEMA threeprong grounding plugMotor Cover Gray cast iron - ASTM A48, Class 30 Bearing Housing Gray cast iron - ASTM A48, Class 30 Seal Housing Gray cast iron - ASTM A48, Class 30 Casing Gray cast iron - ASTM A48, Class 30 Impeller Cast silicon bronze - ASTM B584 C87600 Motor Shaft AISI 300 series stainless steel Motor Design NEMA 48 frame, oil filled withclass F insulationMotor Overload On winding thermal protector - Protectionauto resetExternal Hardware 300 series stainless steelImpeller Type Semi-opened with pump out vanes onback shroudCutter Two blades; type 440Chardened stainless steelOil Capacity – motor .88 gallonschamberCutter asseMBL Y2-Blade Rotating CutterReversible Cutter RingMinimum Casing Thickness 5⁄16" Casing Corrosion Allowance 1⁄8" Maximum Working Pressure 50 PSI Maximum Submergence 50 feetFully submerged for continuous Minimum Submergenceoperation6" below top of motor forintermittent operationMaximum Environmental40ºC (104ºF) continuous operation Temperature 60ºC (140ºF) intermittentoperationMaximum Number of Evenly Distributed Starts per hour 10BearingsB-10 life of 30,000 hours min. Minimum Basin SizeSimplex – 24" x 36" FiberglassDuplex – 36" x 36" Fiberglass 1¼" Minimum DischargeRequires a minimum flow ofPipe Diameter 10 gpm to maintain a 2 ft./sec.scouring velocity2" Maximum DischargeRequires a minimum flow of Pipe Diameter 21 gpm to maintain a 2 ft./sec.scouring velocityaPPLICatION DataBall Bearing – upper Single row ball – SKF 6203-2Z Ball Bearing – lower Single row ball – SKF 6204-2Z Mechanical Seal Silicon carbide/silicon carbide;Type 16O-Ring – motor coverBUNA-N, AS 568A-166staNDarD PartsGoulds Pumps and the ITT Engineered Blocks Symbol are registered trademarks and tradenames of ITT Corporation.SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.BRGS2012 March, 2008© 2008 ITT CorporationEngineered for life。
轮机英语单词
Chute
（斜，滑）槽
Circlip
卡簧
Clamp
夹钳，夹住
Clarifier
分杂机
Purifier分水机
Cleanse
清洗
Climatic
气候的，天气的
Clog
堵塞
Coalesence
聚合，聚结
Coalescer
聚合器，聚合元件
Collapse
断裂，凹陷
Coefficient
系数
Collar*
围裙
Armature
电枢
Articulate
连接
Asphaltene
沥青
Aspirate
吸入，吸出
Assembly*
组件，组装
Assembly*
大会，集会
Assess
评价，评定
Associated
相关的，关联的
Concerning:有关的，关于…的，relevant:有关的
Assumption
假定，设想，前提
偶然（意外）事故
Contrive
设计，设法
Conversant
熟悉的
Coolant
冷却剂
Copious
丰饶的，多产的，大量的
Corrugation
成皱，起皱
Counter
柜台；背道而驰的，相反的
Counteract
克服
Counterbalance
使平衡，使抵消
Crankcase
曲轴箱
Crankshaft
滴定管
Buoyancy
浮力
Buoyant
能浮的，有浮力的
Butt
端，端部
航海英语课后习题答案Unit10Translation
航海英语课后习题答案Unit10TranslationTranslation 舵杆rudder post排水管run off/drain pipe吊货滑车cargo block海底阀箱sea chest舵轴承rudder bearing船底基线bottom base line变形deformed裂开rifted/splited扭弯twisted堵塞blocked船底塞bottom plug连接环joining shackle卡住jammed磨损worn down剥落peeled off渗漏leaked失灵seized up/ineffective锈坏rusted out喷砂除锈to be sand-blasted/grit-blasted 刷干净to be cleaned down压载舱ballast water tank双层底舱double bottom tank敲掉to be knocked off油漆to be painted更换to be replaced加宽to be widened焊补to be patched up by welding 上光to be polished拆开to be taken apart重新核对to be rechecked1.自龙骨至轻水线间船底部分，包括舵、舵柱，约1,800㎡，用高压淡水清洁。
The bottom area from keel to light load line about 1,800 sq.m including rudder, rudder post to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water.2.锈蚀部分约160㎡喷砂（等级SA-2.5），出白处涂2度底漆。
The rusted area about 160 sq. m to be sand-blasted(Grade SA-2.5), and patched with two coats of bottom primer on the bare metal surface.3.2根3/10t吊杆的千斤索换新（直径22.5mm，长110m），材料由厂方供应。
Pentair水资源MVPH系列垂直多级深井喷泉泵说明书
JET PUMPSPentair Water |Customer Service: 419.289.1144|Fax Orders: 800.426.9446| |Form No. M9105WSThe MVPH Series Vertical Jet Pumps are the industry standard deep well jet pumps for over-the-well “bolt-on” installations.The MVPH Series Jet Pumpsinclude the pre-plumbed external automatic regulator, pressure gauge, pressure switch, and a complete line of casing adapters for 4" double pipe, 2"or 3" single pipe jet packages.Supply water systems and sprinkling systems… for homes, farms and cottages.I Body – Rugged cast ironI Pump and Motor Shaft – 416 StainlessSteelI Impellers –Noryl®I Diffuser – Close-grained cast ironMVPH SERIESNoryl® is a registered trademark of the General Electric Company. PRO-Source™ is a trademark of Pentair Water.In order to provide the best products possible,specifications are subject to change.Automatic Pressure Regulator Faster-acting and quieter, design eliminates “hunting” for correct drive pressure.New improved stem and guide are precisely molded to assure efficient, trouble-free performance on all deep wells.Quality ConstructionPrecision-machined, close-grained cast iron pump body and base are specially treated to resist corrosion.Noryl® ImpellersPrecision molded for perfect balance,and ultra-smooth for highest perfor-mance and efficiency.Pressure SwitchHigh quality. Differential and cut-in/cut-out pressure settings are adjustable.Motor WindingsSuperior insulation materials protect against excessive moisture and contaminants to ensure prolonged motor life.Mechanical Shaft SealPrecision lapped and highly polished carbon-ceramic, stainless steelconstruction. Internal design guaran-tees continuous water lubrication for maximum protection.Dustproof CoverAll electrical components are pro-tected from dirt, dust and insects by a dustproof canopy. Ventilating air cannot contaminate vital switching components. This eliminates the most common cause of motor failure.Balanced RotorRotor is die cast under high pressures for uniform performance and greater efficiency; dynamically balanced.Heavy-duty Ball Bearings Permanently lubricated sealed bearings are extensively tested to ensure extended life and smooth,quiet operation.Pump and Motor ShaftOne piece threaded shaft for positive impeller drive and alignment.Shaft is stainless steel for maximum corrosion resistance.Pentair Water |Customer Service: 419.289.1144|Fax Orders: 800.426.9446| |Form No. M9105WSPKG 2A – Accessory PackagePKG 1- 23SDPKG 2A- 23SD –Double PipeDimensions (in inches) are for estimating purposes only.Pentair Water|Customer Service: 419.289.1144|Fax Orders: 800.426.9446||Form No. M9105WSNOTE:Pumps installed with a PRO-Source™ tank require a 100 PSI relief valve. Pumps installed with a conventional tank require a 75 PSI relief valve. Relief valvemust be capable of relieving entire flow of pump at relief pressure.Pentair Water|Customer Service: 419.289.1144|Fax Orders: 800.426.9446||Form No. M9105WS (5/07)。
职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案
职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案2017年职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案Text oneRescue PlatformIn the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories.The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller.Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length.So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.词汇：aftermath 结果，后果 sling 用悬带吊挂hover 盘旋 dangle 摇摆hatch 策划 prototype 原型propeller 螺旋桨;推进器注释：1.One idea is platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter：形容词短语capable of flying vertically and hovering…用作定语，修饰platform2.since=since ten years ago3.escape basket：救生篮4.in the wake of：在……后5.4-meter by 4-meter：4米*4米练习：1). A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2). The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3). With the help of jet engines, the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4). In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5). The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6). In the wake of September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7). Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。
泰克赛姆e型液压应力计说明书
The TEXAM eis the new electronic version of the TEXAM pressuremeter in which the pressure and deformation are measured with electrical sensors and read with a tablet -operated readout.EASY TO OPERATE PRESSUREMETERREAL TIME READING AND PLOTTING OF TEST RESULTS RUGGED CONSTRUCTION∙ Electronic version of the TEXAM∙ Easy to operate and maintain ∙ Rugged construction∙ Controlled rate of deformation or pressure ∙ Conforms ASTM D4719-07 ∙ Safe : no compressed gas necessary ∙ Versatile: Easy cyclic or creep testing∙Automatic acquisition & real time visualisation for enhanced control of the test on an Android tablet*Key FeaturesDescriptionThe TEXAM epre -boring pressuremeter is a rugged and reliable instrument that can be used for various ground engineering applica-tions. This pressuremeter distinguishes itself by its ease of use and versatility. Loading is done manually with a screw jack, which allows the user to run tests in either strain or stress controlled steps. The manually -controlled hydraulic loading system ensures a good re-peatability of the test, while making unload -reload cycles very easy. The new electronic version of the TEXAM pressuremeter makes general operation of the equipment even easier and repeatable.This equipment includes the following parts.A control unit houses electrical pressure and volume sensors, con-nectors, a control valve and a manual actuator (screw jack) for pres-surizing the water in the cylinder via a piston.A readout unit consists of the DP Box unit operated with an Andoid tablet. This versatile readout is compatible with other pressure-meters manufactured by Roctest. A special application, installed on the tablet, allows configuring the tests and calibrations, to read and plot the test results in real -time, to log the data, and to review test results.A water -filled probe is fitted with an easy -to -replace single outer sheath. This sheath consists of rubber typically protected with metal-lic fins.And finally an easy -to -repair, high -pressure tubing connects the probe to the control unit.TEXAM e - Pressuremeter∙ Bearing capacity and settlement estimation of alltypes of foundations∙ Deformation of laterally loaded piles and sheet pilesApplicationsPlease specify:∙ Tubing length (25, 33 , or 50 m) ∙ Probe diameter∙ Accessories (metallic sheaths, rings) and optional itemsSpecificationsRoctest Ltd, 680 Birch Street St -Lambert, Quebec Canada J4P 2N3Phone +1 450 465 1113 Fax. +1 450 465 1938 ********************* Web Roctest reserves the right to make any changes in the specifications without prior noticeE5001E -180202Control unitWorking pressure 10 000 kPa (1500 psi) Dimensions40 x 46 x 125 cm (l x w x h) as-sembledWeight30 kg / 28 kg (Box / Actuator) D/P BOX Readout unitUser Interface Bluetooth communication with an Android tablet Resolution 1 kPa and 0.01 cm 3 Power Supply 2 x 12 V, 2.3 A, rechargeable batteriesDimensions 25 x 28 x 12 cm (l x w x h)Housing Splashproof, resistant ABS case Autonomy> 8 hours typicallyPower supply interfaceUniversal AC wall plug with US/Euro adapter + adapter cable for car (lighter) & for external batteryProbeDiameter 74 mm (N Long) / 44 mm (A) Length 72 cm / 84 cm Weight6.4 kg / 4.5 kg Max radial expansion35 %Test ProcedureThe probe is placed at the test depth in a pre -drilled borehole obtained by a method adapted to the soil conditions: wet rotary drilling, auger-ing, shelby tube pushing, etc. In granular soils below the water table, the probe can be driven directly within a slotted cas ing. The test is run either with a constant rate of deformation by using a uniform rate of rotation of the actuator, or with equal increments of p ressure as for the Menard pressuremeter test.Typical Pressuremeter Test ResultsTest ResultsAn in -situ stress -strain curve is obtained by plotting the injected vol-ume against pressure. The main parameters yielded from the test readings are the Pressuremeter Modulus, Creep Pressure, and the Limit Pressure. A tool (TexamCompanion) developed by Roctest can be used for that purpose.Ordering InformationOptional Accessories∙ A high -precision digital gage kit tobe connected on the front panel as a backup reading.∙ A mechanical volume counter to install on the handle shaft, also for backup reading.∙A slotted casing assembly compat-ible with A -size probe, for use in difficult soils (gravely soils).TEXAM e- PressuremeterDigital Pressure Gagae KitNote that the TEXAM eis compatible with the BOREMAC and PENCEL Probes - see sparate brochures for more details.Note: D/P BOX & Android Tablet sold separately。
安装指南：铁兹角闪烁2说明书
The Strongest Attachment in SolarIronRidge FlashFoot2 raises the bar in solar roofprotection. The unique water seal design is bothelevated and encapsulated, delivering redundant layersof protection against water intrusion. In addition, thetwist-on Cap perfectly aligns the rail attachment with thelag bolt to maximize mechanical strength.FlashFoot2Twist-On CapFlashFoot2’s unique Cap design encapsulatessuperior structural strength, by aligningthe rail and lag bolt in a concentricload path.Single Socket SizeA custom-design lag bolt allowsyou to install FlashFoot2 withSystem components.Three-Tier Water SealFlashFoot2’s seal architecture utilizes threelayers of protection. An elevated platformdiverts water away, while a stack of ruggedcomponents raises the seal an entire inch.The seal is then fully-encapuslated by theCap. FlashFoot2 is the first solar attachmentto pass the TAS-100 Wind-Driven Rain Test.An elevated platform diverts wateraway from the water seal.Installation FeaturesTesting & CertificationStructural CertificationDesigned and Certified for Compliance with the International Building Code & ASCE/SEI-7.Water Seal RatingsWater Sealing Tested to UL 441 Section 27 “Rain Test” and TAS 100-95 “Wind Driven Rain Test” by Intertek. Ratings applicable for composition shingle roofs having slopes between 2:12 and 12:12.UL 2703Conforms to UL 2703 Mechanical and Bonding Requirements. See Flush Mount Install Manual for full ratings.Alignment MarkersQuickly align the flashing with chalk lines to find pilot holes.Rounded CornersMakes it easier to handle and insert under the roof shingles.ABEBCBenefits of Concentric LoadingTraditional solar attachments have ahorizontal offset between the rail and lagbolt, which introduces leverage on the lagbolt and decreases uplift capacity.FlashFoot2 is the only product to align therail and lag bolt. This concentric loadingdesign results in a stronger attachment forthe system.A。
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(3x6x13.5 CJA 2 Stage) John Schmidt, PE CSS Field Engineering Sulzer Pumps (US), Inc
1
Outline
What Happened ?
111 128 170 340
Dir [-> +] =Force [lbf]
1
659
-1
-3007
1
3994
-1
-8762
SUM -7116
Plan 13 – with no Balance Line In Series Flow:
Hub Seal, Throat Bush, Plan 13 Orifice
Removed:
No flow through the seal = seal failure
7
The Problem – What Happened ?
Since Seal Failure occurred:
Changed the seal piping from a Plan 11 to a Plan 13.
Axial Thrust !
9
Axial Thrust:
Mainly a function of: Pressure distribution on the rotor.
Also: Momentum force.
10
Axial Thrust: Pressure Distribution on Impeller Shrouds
14
pressure profile if rotation factor assumed to be 0.5
Axial Thrust: Momentum Force
Very low. Is typically not included. Thrust due to momentum change. Momentum Force =(Capacity2 x density) / [(Eye Area)x722]
g = gravity[f t/s2]
P = pressure drop across orif ice [psi]
= w eight density fluid[lbf /f t3]
0.6
0.012
232.2144 340 448.8 5.043
gpm
144
62.43
_careful with units_
Actual pressure profile is increased because: Less swirl in side-room due to fluid entering hub seal with no pre-rotation.
pressure profile if rotation factor assumed to be 0.5
Rule of thumb: 0.75*Pd (differential pressure) for the shroud pressure profile
(from the wear-ring-labyrinth to Impeller OD)
Used in this Case Study.
24
Plan 13 – with no Balance Line
Flow rate through this line is ~5 GPM (or less if we include other restrictions and resistances..)
Given 5 GPM flow what is the pressure drop across the hub seal? Re-Arrange Orifice Eqn, solve for pressure across hub seal gap.
Initially show all pressures on rotor, and then show the typical simplification.
16
Axial Thrust - As designed. (all pressures on rotor)
Item #
I.D. [in]
20
Axial Thrust – Plan 11 with No Balance Line
Item # 1 2 3 4
21
I.D. [in]
0 3.234 3.234 2.75
O.D [in]
2.75 6.354 6.354 6.354
=Area [in2]
5.9 23.5 23.5 25.8源自Pressure [psig]
But in reality it is more complicated...
11
Axial Thrust: Pressure Distribution on Shroud Dependent on fluid
dynamics in SideRooms:
Off-BEP operation Leakage direction and
Momentum force in lbf. Capacity in GPM, Density in SG Eye Area in Square Inches. 722 is unit conversion factor. Assumes 90 deg turn of fluid.
For This Pump (at design flow) ->
In short: User 'moved / simplified' piping on the pump, which affected Axial Thrust.
Mini-tutorial on calculating Axial thrust for this pump.
2
Pump Cross Section
Pressure O.D [in] =Area [in2] [psig] Dir [-> +] =Force [lbf]
1
0
6.354
31.7
111
1
3520
Sum of All Pressures on Rotor
2
6.354
12
81.4
239
1
19452
3
3.234
12
104.9
239
-1
-25067
5722.77
722
1 19.64
151.71
39.98lbf
15
Calculate Axial Thrust for this Pump
What do we Need to start ?
Cross section
Diameters of wear ring labyrinths.
Pressures
amount. Side-room geometry. Rotor to Case
Alignment.
For Example:
12
Example: Effect of leakage on Pressure Distribution
Actual pressure profile is decreased because: greater swirl in side-room due to fluid entering sideroom with high pre-rotation.
Dir [-> +] =Force [lbf]
1
3520
-1
-5615
1
6602
-1
-2860
SUM 1646
18
Axial Thrust - As designed. (Fully simplified)
Simplifi ed Further
Item #
1 2 3
I.D. [in]
0 3.234 3.234
3
The Problem – What Happened ?
Pump design assumed by the user to have both a seal piping Plan 13 and a Plan 11.
4
The Problem – What Happened ?
Pump was simplified to only use the Plan 11.
What is the pressure behind the 2nd Stage Impeller?
22
Plan 13 – with no Balance Line
Cross section area of each Restriction:
Hub Gap, X-sec Area
6.3752 6.3552
q2 P
288gC2A2
54.4084.38
2
62.3
1.221 psi
288(32.2)(.6)2 01.240402
25
Pressure Drop across Hub = 1.2 psi Therefore Pressure Behind 2nd Stg Impeller
Find flow rate through the orifice (assume water):
General / Simple Equation for Orifice
P q CA 2g144
q = f low rate [f t3/s] (1f t3/s=448.8gpm) C = orifice f low coef f icient [~0.6] A = cross sectional area orif ice [ft2]