2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：83

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you（1）wonder how it is possible for us to（2）people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the（3）that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child—（4）an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces. We all（5）this ability for granted. We also tell people apart（6）how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean（7）in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that（8）that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality（9）words is somewhat easier than（10）his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you（11）have a difficult time doing so. But if you were a sked to describe a “nice person,” you（12）（13）, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe （14）a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Airport（15）U.S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words（16）differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a（17）for describing or typing a（18）. （19）military types—people are described with such（20）.
问题1选项
A.sometimes
B.ever
C.always
D.anytime
问题2选项
A.spot
B.locate
C.know
D.recognize 问题3选项
A.features
B.characters
C.distinctions
D.qualities
问题4选项
A.or even
B.and also
C.and then
D.and too
问题5选项
A.have
e
C.take
D.regard
问题6选项
A.in
B.by
C.from
D.with
问题7选项
A.the manners
B.the means
C.the ways
D.the patterns
问题8选项
A.causes
B.cause
C.makes
D.make
问题9选项
A.with
B.by
C.in
ing
问题10选项
A.description of
B.describing
C.to describe
D.describe
问题11选项
A.will
B.would
C.shall
D.should
问题12选项
A.may
B.can
C.might
D.will
问题13选项
A.considerate
B.considerable
C.considering
D.concerned
问题14选项A.why
B.when
C.how
D.what
问题15选项
A.a
B.an
C.the ways
D.that
问题16选项
A.characterizing
B.characterize
C.characterized
D.to characterize
问题17选项
A.base
B.foundation
C.point
D.criterion 问题18选项
A.person
B.personality
C.man
D.woman
问题19选项
A.politicians
B.conservatives
C.speakers
D.scholars
问题20选项
A.nouns
B.nicknames
C.jargon
D.terms
【答案】第1题:B 第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:C
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:D
第9题:C
第10题:B
第11题:B
第12题:C
第13题:A
第14题:C
第15题:A
第16题:A
第17题:D
第18题:B
第19题:B
第20题:D
【解析】（1）did表明句子时态为过去时, 所以ever（曾经）符合原文。

（2）根据下文make one face different from another可知，这里指如何区分不同的人。

选项D正确。

（3）根据原文句意可知，这里应填入特征一次。

选项A和B都有特点，特征的意思。

但features一般用来描述容貌的特点, 所以选项A正确。

（4）破折号后面的内容为插入语进行补充说明，表递进。

所以选项A更符合原文。

（5）take sth. for granted为固定搭配，意为：认为某事理所当然。

（6）介词搭配。

tell不与in搭配；tell A from B区分A和B; tell A by B通过B来区分 A；tell A with B用B讲述A。

根据上下文可知，这里是指通过人们的行为来区分人们。

所以本题选B。

（7）in the manner在现行中, 当场；in the mean同时, 在此期间；in the way妨碍, 挡道；in the pattern在某种模式下。

根据下文的“she acts, speaks,thinks”可知，选项D符合原文。

（8）主句主语为the patterns，所以动词不需要用第三人称单数, 首先排除选项A和C。

cause后面一般接原因状语，所以本题选D。

故选make。

（9）根据前面的关键词describe可知这里应该填入介词in, in words用语言, 口头上。

（10）根据句子结构，...is easier than...，所以前后应该为平行结构, 前面是describing，所以这里也应该用describing。

（11）If引导的条件假设句是对现在的虚拟, 所以整句的时态应该用过去式。

（12）If引导的条件假设句用虚拟语气，might表示推测。

（13）considerate体贴的, 体谅的, 考虑周到的；considerable相当大的, 重要的, 值得考虑的；considering考虑到；concerned有关的, 关心的。

根据kind, friendly可知，选项A符合原文。

（14）根据句意：很多词可以用来形容人是如何思考、如何感受和如何行动的。

选项C符合原文。

（15）这里是泛指一位心理学家，所以用不定冠词a。

（16）本句已有谓语动词found，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词。

这里不存在被动关系，所以选项A正确。

（17）criterion指规范，标准。

根据原文：我们很多人用这些信息作为描述的标准...选项D符合句意。

（18）上文提到这些单词是用来形容人的行为，也就是人的某个特征或者品性。

所以选项B正确。

（19）politician政客;conservative保守派；speaker发言人；scholar学者。

根据Hippies, bookworm 可以推测这些词都是用来描述拥有某一典型特征的人。

所以选项B符合原文。

（20）名词辨析题。

nouns名词；nicknames昵称；jargon行话；terms有术语的意思，所以本题选D。

2.
单选题
Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places like libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues were, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.
1.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
2.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated （）
cationalists are still arguing about （）
4.The emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals showed that （）
5.What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?
问题1选项
A.Silent reading had not been discovered.
B.There were few places available for private reading.
C.Few people could read for themselves.
D.People relied on reading for entertainment.
问题2选项
A.a change in the status of literate people
B.a change in the nature of reading
C.an increase in the number of books
D.an increase in the average age of readers
问题3选项
A.the importance of silent reading
B.the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers
C.the effects of reading on health
D.the value of different types of reading material
问题4选项
A.standards of literacy had declined
B.printing techniques had improved
C.readers' interests had diversified
cationalists' attitudes had changed
问题5选项
A.To explain how present-day reading habits developed.
B.To change people's attitudes toward reading.
C.To show how reading methods have improved.
D.To encourage the growth of reading
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第二段的一二句“The last century ...to read aloud.”随着人们读写能力的提升, 读者人数的増加以及听众的数量减少, 所以对大声朗读的需求有所减少。

由此推断19世纪以前是因为很少有人能够自己阅读, 所以大声朗读很普遍。

选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第一段最后一句“Examination of factors...because the tasks themselves changed in character.”可知, 19世纪无声阅读的发展说明阅读的本质发生了改变, 选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。

根据第三段的第一句“there was still considerable...mentally weakening.”关于书籍是否应被用于提供信息或受到尊重, 以及诸如报纸之类的阅读材料是否在某种程度上削弱了人们的精神, 仍有相当多的争论。

由此推断, 选项D符合原文。

4.细节事实题。

根据第三段的最后一句“the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.”旧的共享知识文化已经消失, 一方面取而代之的是印刷的大众传媒, 另一方面是专门的书籍和期刊阅读。

由此推断, 读者的兴趣越来越多样化, 所以选C。

5.作者意图题。

全文主要讲述reading（阅读）的变化及发展, 这一发展变化说明读书习惯的形成过程及原因, 所以选项A正确。

3.
单选题
The mail was（）for two days because of the snowstorm.
问题1选项
A.held back
B.held out
C.held up
D.held on
【答案】A
【解析】held back隐瞒, 退缩, 控制, 阻止；held out提出, 显示；held up举起, 提出, 支持；held on等一下, 继续。

句意：由于暴风雪的原因, 邮件延误了两天。

只有选项A符合句意。

4.
单选题
Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and som e of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable television’s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.
Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier’s (1978, p. 150) contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver's license.
1.According to the passage, up to now, anti-drug education（）
2.The film ‘Reefer Madness’ mentioned in the passage（）
3.The message ‘all drugs are terrible for you’ is not influential because（）
4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
5.The best title for the passage would be （）
问题1选项
A.has made all people see the danger of drugs
B.has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugs
C.has been effective only to a certain degree
D.has proved to be a total failure
问题2选项
A.effectively deterred marijuana use
B.was rejected by young marijuana users
C.did not picture the danger of marijuana realistically
D.was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high
问题3选项
A.it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in danger
B.it gives a false account of the risks of drug use
C.some drugs are good for health
D.it does not appear in underground papers
问题4选项
A.Sometimes balanced and reasonable anti-drug persuasion is influential to some people.
B.Most drug users are ignorant of the danger of drugs.
C.Punishments such as loss of a driver’s license do not seem to be an effective way to stop drunken driving.
D.Primary prevention is a useful principle to be followed in anti-drug education.
问题5选项
A.Are All Drugs Terrible for You?
B.Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?
C.Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs?
D.Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse?
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第二段的第一句“Although persuasi on can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的，但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。

也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用，选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。

根据第一段的最后一句“Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻，反而成为了用户中的一部邪典电影，很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。

选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。

根据第一段“Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险，忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。

选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。

根据原文“Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。

所以选项B错误。

5.主旨大意题。

第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果，第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。

所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗？选项D正确。

5.
单选题
My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）
问题1选项
A.that all much
B.all that much
C.that much all
D.much all that
【答案】B
【解析】考查修饰语。

that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气。

所以本题选B。

6.
单选题
Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can（）attack their trainer.
问题1选项
A.unexpectedly
B.deliberately
C.reluctantly
D.subsequently
【答案】A
【解析】词义辨折题。

Unexpectedly意外地, 出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；reluctantly 不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后, 后来。

句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。

选项A符合句意。

7.
单选题
The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.
问题1选项
A.reasonable
B.ripe
C.ready
D.practical
【答案】B
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

reasonable明理的, 理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的, 现实的。

根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。

选项B符合句意。

句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。

8.
单选题
“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage.
问题1选项
A.allow visitors
B.visitors are allowed
C.are visitors allowed
D.are allowed visitors
【答案】C
【解析】考査倒装。

当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。

根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。

9.
单选题
My uncle is very（）; he still thinks that a woman’s place is in the home.
问题1选项
A.desirable
B.conservative
C.malleable
D.demanding
【答案】B
【解析】形容词辨析题。

desirable令人满意的；conservative保守的；malleable可塑的；demanding 苛求的。

句意：我的叔叔非常，他仍然认为女人就应该待在家里。

根据下文可以推断，叔叔应该是非常保守的人，所以选项B符合句意。

10.
翻译题
As soon as a woman has caught her man, she “gives up her career for love”一or, at least, that is what she will tell him. He could hardly be flattered by the thought that she had been saved in the nick of time from having to sweat her way through examinations, but he would much rather get drunk on the idea of the love 4
【答案】女人一旦捕获了自己的男人，便会“为了爱情而放弃事业”，或者，至少她会对男人如是说。

虽说他大概不会既得意洋洋地认为，是他在紧要关头救了她，使她免受考试的煎熬，但他却宁愿陶醉于爱情“无法折衷”的想法，而这种想法是她故意装作对她才有的想法。

他甚至认为，也许她本来可以成为一名著名的外科医生或出色的新闻记者，而她却为了自己放弃了所有的一切。

但他永远不会想到，她更愿意当一个著名外科医生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承担责任，就能享有他那样的收入和地位。

因此，为了弥补她所做出的巨大牺牲，他决心让她在自己的身边过上舒舒服服的曰子。

11.
单选题
Professor Lee’s book will show you（）can be used in other contexts.
问题1选项
A.that you have observed
B.how that you have observed
C.that how you have observed
D.how what you have observed
【答案】D
【解析】语法题。

这是宾语从句中带有主语从句的复杂句子。

that不能引导定语从句，所以首先排除选项A和B。

how不能做that的先行词，所以选项C也错误，本题选D。

句意：李教授的书将会指导你如何将观察所学的东西应用到其他领域。

12.
单选题
If you drive a motorcar to the danger of the public, you may make yourself（）a heavy fine.
问题1选项
A.liable to
B.acquainted with
C.alert to
D.relevant to
【答案】A
【解析】liable to容易；acquainted with熟悉, 了解, 与...相识；alert to警告；relevant to 与...有关的, 相应的。

句意：如果你驾驶一辆汽车对大众造成了危害, 你有可能会受到重罚。

选项A 符合句意。

13.
单选题
Henry's news report covering the conference was so（）that nothing had been omitted.
问题1选项
A.clear
B.integrated
prehensive
D.understandable
【答案】C
【解析】词义辨析题。

句意：亨利关于这次会议的新闻报道非常全面, 没有遗漏任何东西。

选项C符合句意。

14.
单选题
People of different races should live in（）with each other for global peace.
问题1选项
A.harmony
B.federation
C.unity
D.union
【答案】A
【解析】词义辨析题。

harmony和谐；federation联邦；unity团结；union联合。

句意：为了世界和平, 不同种族的人民应该和睦相处。

选项A符合句意。

15.
单选题
It is generally believed that true friendship is like health,（）is seldom known till it is lost.
问题1选项
A.the value of which
B.its value
C.the value of it
D.it's value
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。

the value of which在句中充当主语, 选项A正确。

其他选项都有自己的主语, 但缺少连词, 所以不选。