2020年高考英语词汇语法专题3:代词易错点解题方法(含答案解析)
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专题03 代词易错点解题方法(一)
1.代词的定义
代词用来代替名词或名词词组,在句中用以避免名词的重复。
因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上取得一致。
2.代词的分类
(1) 人称代词;(2). 物主代词;(3). 反身代词;(4). 相互代词;(5) 指示代词;(6). 疑问代词;
(7). 关系代词;(8). 不定代词
由于代词量大,我们分为两部分进行讲解。
(1)为总体讲解,(2)为详细讲解。
我们来看例句:
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who ever
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响:
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中whoever 引导的均为主语从句,其中的whoever均可换成anyone who,但是不能换成anyone。
以上试题从表面上看,与以上各例很相似,其实它们有本质的不同,即_____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词,所以我们不能选whoever。
此题的正确答案为C,anyone 为句子主语,with any common sense 为修饰anyone 的定语。
现将此题稍作改动如下;
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who ever
答案选B:
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want
B. likes, wants
C. likes, want
D. like, wants
【陷阱】容易误选D。
认为前面一空填复数动词,因为其主语是boy and girl,为复数;第二空填单数动词,因为其前有each,表示“每一个”。
【分析】事实上,此题应选C。
因为按英语习惯,every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,即第一空填likes;而第二空要填复数动词want,是因为其前的主语是they 而不是each(each 为主语的同位语)。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。
选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的other 不可省略):
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。
这类句型到底该不该加other,主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内:若在范围之内,则用other (以排除自己与自己比较);若不在范围之内,则不用other。
比较下面一题:
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. another
此题应选B,因为China 在Asia 的范围之内。
假若选A,则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”,而中国本身也是亚洲国家,由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。
而选B,则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”,这才合乎事实。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both
B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
做好此题的关键是要注意句中的better 一词,由于better 用的是比较级,说明比较的对象应是两者,由此可推知第二空应填both;
另一方面,由于所谈论的是两者,说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确,所以第一空应填which。
4.“Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?”
“____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not
B. Both, more
C. Either, the most
D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易误选B,因为前文提到coffee 和beer 为两者,所以有的同学就认为应选both 和more 与之对应(more 为比较级,指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的milk既不是coffee 也不是beer,而是除这两者外的第三者,故第二空应填the most,即此题最佳答案为C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
此题答案选D,主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关,全句句意为:“我在某一本书上读到过它,是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题:
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what
B. when
C. which
D. who
此题最佳答案为D。
句意为:“谁告诉你的?”“噢,有个人,我忘记是哪一个了。
”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what
B. when
C. which
D. whom
此题最佳答案为C。
句意为“有些学生开会迟到了,但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet —I’ll change into my _____.
A. another
B. trousers
C. others
D. other
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。
是从语法上看,another 后通常接单数名词,而不接trousers 这样的复数名词(若用another pair 则可以);也不能选trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。
最佳答案应选C,others 相当于other trousers,其中的other 与前面的these 相对照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other
B. the other
C. the others
D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。
选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。
使用one … the other … 时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”;
如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在one 后使用the other,而考虑用another。
又如
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
A. other
B. the other
C. the others
D. another
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
A. other
B. the other
C. the others
D. another
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
A. other
B. the other
C. the others
D. another
(答案均选D,即选another):
比较以下各例:
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
A. another
B. some other
C. other
D. the other
答案选D,因为人的眼睛只有两只,故用one … the other … 结构。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
A. another
B. some other
C. other
D. the other
答案选D,twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”,即指两者之一,故用one … the other … 这一结构。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all
B. each
C. every
D. either
此题容易误选A,认为既然前面出现了four bedrooms,故填all 与之对应。
其实,此题的最佳答案应为B,原因是空格后的隐藏信息its,它表示空格处应填一个单数代词,但是不能选C,因为every 不能这样单独使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything
B. anyone
C. anybody
D. anywhere
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。
因为句子主语指人,似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实,正确答案应选A。
因为anything but 是习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。
如:
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
A. he
B. it
C. which
D. as
【分析】最佳答案为B,it 指前面提到的情况。
由于句中用了并列连词but,所以不能选C。
当然,若去掉空格前的but,则可选C。
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
A. Either
B. neither
C. another
D. the other
【分析】最佳答案为B,因是both teams,即谈论的是两者,因此可锁定A和B;从语境上看,应选B,即双方都不愿输。
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
A. that, that
B. what, what
C. which, what
D. as, which
【分析】最佳答案为B。
即两空均填what,第一个what 相当于something that;第二个what 相当于the thing that。
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
A. that
B. for
C. what
D. 不填
【分析】最佳答案为C,what 在句中用作动词read 的宾语。
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
A. what
B. something
C. anything
D. that
【分析】最佳答案为A,what 相当于something that。
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
A. such
B. so
C. those
D. which
【分析】最佳答案为C,但容易误选A。
按英语习惯,受such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是as,而不能是that, which, who, where等。
如:Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。
此句中的as 就不能换成that 或who,若要使用that 或who,则需将such 换掉,如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
A. someone
B. anyone
C. everyone
D. no one
【分析】最佳答案为C,句意为“教室几乎是空的,大家都到哪里去了?”
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
A. nothing
B. none
C. no one
D. no any
【分析】最佳答案为B,nothing 指“什么也没有”;none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。
注:回答how much 和how many 时要用none,而不用nothing,道理同此。
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
A. It, that
B. That, how
C. What, how
D. As, that
【分析】最佳答案为C,what worries me 为主语从句,且what 在主语从句中用作主语。
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. how
【分析】最佳答案为B。
从句意推知。
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
A. Which
B. Whichever
C. Who
D. Whatever
【分析】最佳答案为B 最佳,因 who后通常不接表示范围的of 短语,故不宜选C;若选A,则句型不对;若选D,则语义不通。
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
【分析】最佳答案为D,what 相当于the amount that。
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
A. one
B. it
C. that
D. him
【分析】最佳答案为A,one 在此相当于a friend。