培根论友谊原文和译文

培根论友谊原文和译文
培根（Francis Bacon）是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的哲学家之一，他的著作《论友谊》（Of Friendship）被誉为经典之作。

以下是《论友谊》的原文和译文，让我们一起来探讨培根对友谊的理解。

原文：
A principal fruit of friendship is the ease and discharge of the fullness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do cause and induce. We know diseases of stoppings and suffocations are the most dangerous in the body; and it is not much otherwise in the mind; you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flower of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt openeth the heart, but a true friend, to whom you may impart griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lieth upon the heart, to oppress it, in a kind of civil shrift or confession.
It is a strange thing to behold, what gross errors and extreme absurdities many (especially of the greater sort) do commit, for want of a friend to tell them of them; to the great damage both of their fame and fortune: for, as Saint James saith, they are as men that look sometimes into a glass, and presently forget their own shape and favor. As for business, a man may think, if he will, that two eyes see no more than one; or that a gamester seeth always more than a looker-on; or that a man in anger is as wise as he that hath said over the four and twenty letters; or that a musket may be shot off as well upon the arm as upon a rest; and such other fond and high imaginations, to think himself all in all; but when all is done, the help of
good counsel is that which setteth business straight. And if any man think that he will take counsel, but it shall be by pieces, asking counsel in one business of one man, and in another business of another man, it is well (that is to say, better, perhaps, than if he asked none at all); but he runneth two dangers: one, that he shall not be faithfully counselled; for it is a rare thing, except it be from a perfect and entire friend, to have counsel given, but such as shall be bowed and crooked to some ends which he hath that giveth it. The other, that he shall have counsel given, hurtful and unsafe (though with good meaning), and mixed partly of mischief and partly of remedy; even as if you would call a physician, that is thought good for the cure of the disease you complain of, but is unacquainted with your body; and therefore may put you in way for a present cure, but overthroweth your health in some other kind; and so cure the disease and kill the patient.
But a friend that is wholly acquainted with a man’s estate will beware by furthering any present business how he dasheth upon other inconvenience. And therefore rest not upon scattered counsels; they will rather distract and mislead than settle and direct.
译文：
友谊的一个主要收获就是能使心中的满溢和涨满得到宣泄和释放，而各种情感正是导致这种满溢和涨满的。

我们都知道，在身体中，堵塞和窒息的疾病最为危险；心灵也大同小异。

你可以服用萨尔油打开肝脏，用钢剑来开通脾脏，用硫磺花打通肺部，用香獾腺提取物来滋补大脑；但只有一个真正的朋友才能打开人的心房，让你可以对其倾
诉包括忧愁、喜悦、恐惧、希望、猜疑和出谋划策等一切紧贴心头的
事情，以解除负担，就如一种礼貌的告解。

令人奇怪的是，许多人（尤其是那些地位更高的人）由于缺乏告知
他们错误和荒谬之处的朋友，而犯下了粗浮的错误和极端的荒谬，这
对他们的名誉和财富都造成了极大的损失。

正如圣经中的雅各书所说，他们就像一个人有时向镜子中瞥了一下，马上忘记了自己的形象和容貌。

至于工作方面，一个人可以认为，一双眼睛看不比一个眼睛多见
些什么；或者认为赌徒总比旁观者看得更多；或者认为一个愤怒的人
和一个背诵过二十四个字母的人一样智慧；或者认为一支枪从手臂上
发射出去和从架子上发射出去一样好；这些傻傻的、高傲的想象让人
自以为是个无所不能的人物，但事实上，在一切都结束之后，得到良
好建议的帮助才是把事情解决的办法。

如果有人认为他会寻求建议，
但只是零零散散地询问一事向某人请教，又向另一个人请教另一事，
那倒也好（也就是说，也许比没有请教好）；但他会有两个危险：一
是很难得到忠实的建议，因为除了一个完全熟知你和你的全部的朋友外，很少会出现就事论事的忠告；而且给予建议的人也会用任何方法
来弯曲和歪曲以达到自己的目的。

另一方面，咨询他人时，他可能会
得到有害而不安全的（虽然出于善意的）建议，有些是妖言惑众，有
些是有治疗作用的；就像你要叫来一个医生来治疗你所患的疾病，尽
管对这种疾病的治疗他是行家，但他对你的身体并不熟悉；所以也许
会让你立即解决当前的问题，但会引发你身体其他方面的问题；所以
看病医治病痛，可以治好病痛，却会伤害到病人自身。

然而，了解一个人全部情况的朋友，会在促进某项业务时避开其他
的不便之处。

所以，不要只凭片段的建议，它们只会让人分心和误导，而不是给出明确的指引和指导。

以上就是培根的《论友谊》的原文和译文,朋友，他认为友谊的价值在于能够使内心的情感得到宣泄和释放。

他指出，对于所有种类的激情，友谊是一种宽解和排卸。

欢迎探讨！。