高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day49

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day49
高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 49
Passage 1
I use maps. Not the tiny, annoyingly limited ones on smartphones. I use real paper maps that you open from a rectangle and rarely refold properly. Maps you can take out to rapidly scan on the road in unfamiliar places. Paper maps are there for you every time you need them and need no recharging. They simply and dependably orient(指方向) and inform.
I’ve traveled in and out of the state with my grandson Connor often enough to have long since introduced him to this way of getting from place to place. His first response as an 8-year-old was “Grandma, just use the GPS.” But that was no help since the one in my old Honda Fit was hopelessly out of date. As for a smartphone, I didn’t own one. And so Connor is learning to use paper maps too. Opening one myself is akin to texting while driving, perhaps even more distracting(分散注意力的)for me. I’ve done it, but I’ve reformed.
Our next trip will be to v isit friends in Connecticut, and I’ve just picked up new copies of the state’s road maps. I’ve yellow-highlighted our route from Providence, Rhode Island, to Old Saybrook and Durham in Connecticut, then back to Providence. It is a pretty familiar route for me, as I’ve spent multiple summers doing geologic fieldwork in the forests and the Connecticut River Valley. Still, I wouldn’t think of driving without paper maps. It would be too out of character. It would be like traveling
without a good book or a moral compass.
Going over the route with now 13-year-old Connor so that
he can follow along and occasionally answer a routing question while I’m driving may take some perseverance(毅力) on my part. He looks at road maps the same way he looks at my old college typ ewriter or my mom’s Nokia phone. However, his next tutorial on navigating(导航)with paper is around the corner, and I’m determined that he should learn the ropes. By the time he’s driving himself, I’ll put new maps of India surrounding states in his car. Who knows when a cellphone might quit or a GPS system might stop working?
I could really annoy Connor by informing him of directional signs from the sun, moon, and stars. But enough is enough for a teenager. For this next trip at least, we’ll stay grounded in maps.
1. What does the author like about paper maps?
A. They can be neatly refolded.
B. They can be easily carried.
C. They are quite reliable.
D. They are very cheap.
2. What does the underlined word “akin” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Difficult.
B. Similar.
C. Suitable.
D. Dangerous.
3. Why does the author need road maps during her next trip to Connecticut?
A. She is unfamiliar with this place.
B. She is used to driving with maps.
C. Her grandson insists on bringing maps.
D. Her geologic fieldwork requires maps.
4. What will the author teach Connor during their next trip?
A. How to drive a car.
B. How to draw a map.
C. How to use paper maps.
D. How to navigate by the sun.
Passage 2
You are standing in a hall packed with friends, family, colleagues and peers. You are about to walk onto the stage and address theme. You’re expected to say something meaningful and profound and everyone is hanging on your every word. You need to be clearly spoken, confident and calm, maybe even funny. How do you feel?
If you’re shaking, sweating and looking for the exit, you’re normal. Most of us are scared of public speaking and yet, as a society, we’re becoming more obsessed with hearing what people have to say: we watch endless TED talks, download podcasts and screen hours of YouTube clips. Being able to address a crowd is no longer the domain of the brave—if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it. I’ve done enough public speaking to have picked up some tips and tricks, and these are the ones I rely on most.
The most important thing is to prepare. You don’t have to write out your speech word by word but get the headline, three key points and the
concluding sentence on paper and put bullet points under each. Then run through it and note which of your bullet points made it in and what you added. Adapt your notes and try again. Keep going until you have a structure.
Now it’s time to watch yourself—yes, get out your camera and film yourself. This is how you will see the points that need work and where you can polish it up.
Most of the information the audience will take away will be from your energy and your tone, a little from your words. Once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude(散发) the right energy—do you need confidence or humor? I go for confidence so, five minutes before a talk, I try to recall a success I’ve had. I focus on the details and aim to bring that feelings of competence to life.
Finally, breathe. We cannot speak without breath, yet it is the first thing we let go of when we are nervous. Settle your breathing before you start. If you lose control of your breath in the middle, say “Let’s take a moment to think about that last point.” That gives you a pause to collect your breath. The only way to get over a fear of public speaking is to do it, again and again. You will have good and bad experiences but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun.
1. According to the author, why is public speech important to the average?
A. Friendships can be established through it.
B. Public speeches can display our courage.
C. There are more occasions for pubic speeches.
D. It is beneficial to our way up the career ladder.
2. Which of the following tips is recommended by the author?
A. Preparing and writing down every detail.
B. Displaying right energy during the speech.
C. Watching famous films of public speeches.
D. Telling key points and bullet points apart.
3. What view does the author hold about public speaking?
A. It creates more and more fun if we stick to practice.
B. It is easier to practise at home than to perform outside.
C. Experiences of public speaking can delight us sometimes.
D. Attempts to give public speaking tend to fail in the end.
Passage 3
Tobacco has long been recognized as a huge health threat. It is known to cause lung and heart problems to many long-term users. According to the World Health Organization, 3, 000, 000 people die early each year because of tobacco use, including 890, 000 deaths from second-hand smoke exposure.
E-cigarettes, an alternative (替代品) to smoking, have become popular. Also known as vaporizers (汽化器), they are electric devices that
heat liquid nicotine into a vapor that can he taken in. This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke. For example, it does not produce tar (焦油), which can build up in a smoker's lungs. Inhaling vapor—called vaping—is not without its own risks, however. Exposure to nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long-term harm to brain development. The vapor may also contain harmful things. The Center for Disease Control has linked vaping to more than 805 cases of lung disease and 12 deaths so far in the U. S. .
Vaping has greatly increased in popularity in the U. S. , especially among teenagers. About 37% of US high school seniors were reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before, Harvard Health Publishing reported. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, listed 3 reasons that contributed to vaping's popularity among young people. First, many teens eve that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, ecigarettes have a lower per-use cost than traditional cigrattes. Finally, e-cigarettes come in a wide range of sweet flavorsm, like apple pie and watermelon.
Blaha is most concerned that more teenagers are taking up vaping as a habit. "It's one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping. It's quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping. And, it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road, " he said.
Governments around the world the divided about vaping. 39 countries and regions have banned the sale of e-cigarettes, according to the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018. Last September, U. S. President Donald Trump said the use of e-cigarettes might be negatively affecting young people and that it should be kept off the market until proved harmless.
1. The underlined word "inhale" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A. blow away
B. spread out
C. give off
D. breathe in
2. In what way are e-cigarettes different from traditional tobacco products? ________
A. E-cigarettes do not produce tar
B. E-cigarettes are not bad to smokers' health
C. E-cigarettes are less likely to cause nicotine addiction
D. E-cigarettes do more harm to smokers' brains than their lungs
3. Why is vaping popular with young people according to Blaha? ________
A. Vaping is allowed at school
B. Vaping makes them look cool
C. They like the liquid taken from fruits
D. They think it's safer and cheaper than smoking
4. What can we learn from Blaha's words in Paragraph 4? ________
A. Those who smoke e-cigarettes tend to smoke tobacco later
B. Vaping is more likely to attract teenagers than older people
C. It usually takes a long time for smokers to enjoy e-cigarettes
D. E-cigarettes should be encouraged to replace traditional tobacco products
Passage 4
Who do you feel closer to —your mom or your dad?In almost every culture in the world, mothers are thought to be more important than fathers during children's development and more likely to build strong bonds with their children.
This belief had existed for a long time until scientists started asking a new question: What do fathers contribute to their children besides their genes? They must mean something, or they would have disappeared from children's lives at an earlier time in evolution(进化). So, a new science of fatherhood was born.
American journalist Paul Raeburn collected the discoveries over the years and put them into his new book, Do Fathers Matter? What Science Is Telling Us About the Parent We've Overlooked, hoping to make people better see the many ways that fathers influence their children.
For example, Ronald Preston Rohner, a scientist at the University of Connecticut, US, spent several years studying how being accepted or rejected by parents influences children's personality. He found that children
who are accepted by both their parents are usually
independent and hold a positive worldview while those who feel turned down by either parent may turn out hostile and negative.
Melanie Horn-Mallers, a psychologist at California State University, found that sons who have happy memories of their fathers are better able to handle day-to-day stress after growing up.
Another study, by Richard Koestner at McGill University, Canada, focused on how children develop empathy(同理心). After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found one to be more important than others —how much time their fathers spend with them.
"We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children didn't matter much to the development of empathy, " said Koestner. "And we were astounded at how strong the father's influence was. "
Indeed, evidence shows that fathers make unique contributions to their children's happiness. However, that doesn't mean that children in families without fathers are definitely going to become failures. Just look at US President Barack Obama. He is a great example of what can be achieved by people who grow up in single-mother households.
1. It's been discovered by scientists that children feeling refused by their parents ________ .
A. often shape their own ideas
B. are less likely to be successful
C. usually manage to live with stress
D. tend to hold negative worldviews
2. Based on the passage, the development of empathy in children is influenced most by ________ .
A. how happy they are with their fathers
B. how affectionate they are with their parents
C. how much time their fathers spend with them
D. how well their fathers get on with their mothers
3. The underlined word "astounded" in Paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to ________ .
A. surprised
B. delighted
C. confused
D. upset
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?________
A. To find out why children have better bonds with their mothers.
B. To report on a book studying how fathers influence their children.
C. To tell how different in the influences of mothers and fathers on children.
D. To explain what influences children's personality most during their development.
Passage 5
Ye Du and Cecilia Miao arrived at University of Wisconsin, US, in 2013 feeling alone and anxious. They spoke broken English and knew nothing about their new community.
Four years later, the two journalism majors are channeling their feelings of isolation (孤独) into a series of You Tube videos to educate their American peers about themselves. These videos explain some social and cultural misunderstanding that prevent foreign students integrate (融合) with the slang-speaking, party-going Americans.
According to the Institute of International Education in the US, foreign students are flooding to the US higher education
system in greater numbers than ever before. But a recent study published in The Journal of Intercultural Communication found that 40% of overseas have no close American friends. Barriers still remain. The biggest group expressing dissatisfaction came from China and other East Asian countries. Language and shyness were mentioned as major causes. Many also blamed Americans or US culture, being "superficial"—not being open-minded or interested in other cultures. However, a V oice of America survey suggests the problem can run both ways.
Du and Miao's videos aim to break down some of the barriers. One video explains why Chinese students prefer to speak Mandarin among themselves rather than English. Apart from the obvious reason that it's their native language, Chinese students are taught English to pass tests, not to
chat conversationally. Another explains why Chinese students don't like going to parties. It's not only because they place a higher value on studying, they also dislike being "treated like an alien person who doesn't know how to have fun" in social situations.
Failure to adapt can be harmful to academic and career development of international students. A recent data from Ivy League universities shows that one in four overseas students attending these universities drop out before they graduate.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Ye Du and Cecilia Miao? ________
A. They learned international culture at Wisconsin.
B. They dropped out of university before they graduated.
C. They met with language and cultural barriers in America.
D. They produced videos to blame Americans and US culture.
2. The meaning of the underlined word "superficial" is close
to ________ .
A. shallow
B. social
C. sensitive
D. splendid
3. We can learn from the VOA survey that ________ .
A. social and cultural misunderstandings cannot be prevented
B. Americans also have feelings of isolation and dissatisfaction
C. language and shyness are the only obstacles to communication
D. both overseas students and Americans need to adapt to each other
4. What can be the best title for the passage? ________
A. Barriers to integration.
B. Waves of overseas study.
C. Failure in development.
D. Survey of cultural misunderstandings.
参考答案
Passage 1
1. C细节理解题。

根据第一段“Paper maps are there for you every time you need them and need no recharging, They simply and dependably orient（指方向）and inform.”可知, 需要的时候, 纸质地图随时都在, 且无需充电。

它们简单且可靠地定位和通知。

由此可以看出, 作者认为纸质地图相当可靠。

故选C。

2. B词义猜测题。

根据划线词所在的句子的语境“Opening one myself is akin to texting while driving, perhaps even more distracting（分散注意力的）for me.”可知, Opening one myself 和texting while driving 是相似的；结合选项：A. Difficult难的；B.
Similar相似的；C. Suitable 合适的；D. Dangerous未向的, 可知划线词的意思是“像…一样”, 即“自己打开一张地图就像开车时发短信一样, 也许对我来说更让人分心”。

故选B。

3. B推理判断题。

根据倒数第三段“Still, I wouldn't think of driving …..or a moral compass.”可知, 不过, 我不会想到开车没有纸质地图。

这太不正常了。

就像没有好书或精神指南针旅行一样。

由此可以推断, 在去Connecticut的旅行中, 作者需要地图是因为作者习惯开车看地图。

故选B。

4. C推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段“However, his next tutorial on navigating（导航）with…..surrounding states in his car.”可知, 然而, 他的下一个关于纸上导航的教程就要到了, 我决定他应该学会掌握诀
窍。

等他自己开车时, 我会把印度周边各州的新地图放在他的车里。

由此判断出, 在下一次旅行中, 作者会教康纳怎样使用纸质地图。

故选C。

Passage 2
1. D细节理解题。

根据第二段中if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it可知, 如果你想在事业上取得成功, 你需要掌握它。

所以作者认为, 为什么公众演讲对普通人来说很重要是因为这对我们的职业生涯有好处。

故选D项。

2. B细节理解题。

根据第五段中“once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude the right energy.”可知, 一旦你整理好了这些词, 就把重点放在如何释放正能量。

所以我们在演讲时需要展示正能量。

故选B项。

3. C推理判断题。

根据最后一段“You will have good and bad experience s but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun.”(你会有好的和坏的经历, 但是, 如果你做得足够多, 你会偶尔意识到, 它是很有趣的。

)可知, 作者对公众演讲持的观点是演讲的经历有时会使我们高兴。

故选C项。

Passage 3
1. D词义猜测题单一细节理解题。

在文章第二段, “This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke.”；该句句意为这种蒸气对吸入的危害小于烟雾。

故意为吸入。

故选D。

2. A细节理解题。

定位到第二段“For example, it does not produce
tar (焦油), which can build up in a smoker's lungs. Inhaling vapor—called vaping—is not without its own risks, however.”；根据关键句可知, 电子烟与传统烟草产品的不同是电子烟不产生焦油, 故选A。

3. D细节理解题。

定位到第三段“First, many teens eve that vaping is less harmful than smoking……and watermelon”。

根据关键句可知, Blaha认为为什么vaping在年轻人中很受欢迎, 是因为他们认为这比吸烟更安全, 更便宜。

故选D。

4. A细节理解题。

定位到第四段“It's one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping. …..products down the road.”。

根据关键句可知, 那些抽电子烟的人倾向于以后抽烟, 故选A。

Passage 4
1. D细节理解题。

根据文章第五段中"He found that children who…..and negative. "（他发现, 被父母双方都接受的孩子通常是独立的, 持有积极的世界观, 而那些被父母任何一方拒绝的孩子可能会变得充满敌意和消极）可知, 科学家发现被父母拒绝的孩子往往有负面的世界观。

故选D。

2. C细节理解题。

根据文章第七段中"After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found one to be more important than others — how much time their fathers spend with them. "（在研究了各种可能的因素后, Koestner发现其中一个因素比其他因素更重要——他们的父亲和他们在一起的时间）可知, 孩子的同情心的培养受父亲和他们在一起的时间影响最多。

故选C。

3. A词义猜测题。

根据文章第七段中"After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found one to be more important than
others — how much time their fathers spend with them. "（在研究了各种可能的因素后, Koestner发现其中一个因素比其他因素更重要——他们的父亲和他们在一起的时间）及第八段的句子We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children didn't matter much to the development of empathy（我们惊讶地发现, 父母对孩子的深情对同理心的发展并没有太大的影响）可知, 上面的研究结果很出乎意料。

由此推知, astounded的意思是astonished"感到惊讶的"。

故选A。

4. B 推理判断题。

根据文章第四段的句子American journalist Paul Raeburn collected the discoveries over the years and put them into his new book,（美国记者保罗·雷伯恩(Paul Raeburn)多年来收集了这些发现, 并把它们写进了他的新书）, 接下来, 作者就主要介绍了他这本书有关内容, 希望让人们更好地看到父亲对孩子的许多影响。

由此可知, 这篇文章主要是介绍一本父亲对孩子影响的书。

故选B。

Passage 5
1. C细节理解题。

考察根据第一段中的“They spoke broken English and knew nothing about their new community.”可知, 他们的口语不好, 说明他们在美国的环境下遇到了语言障碍。

2. A词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“Many also blamed Americans or US culture, being "superficial"—not being open-minded or interested in other cultures.”可知, 很多人也责备美国人或者美国文化, 认为美国文
化太________, 不能够接受新的思想或者对其他的文化感兴趣。

通过后文“不能够接受新的思想或者对其他的文化感兴趣”可知美国文化是肤浅的。

3. D推理判断题。

考察根据第三段中的“However, a V oice of Amer ica survey suggests the problem can run both ways.”可知, VOA认为文化适应应该是双方共同的事情。

4. A最佳标题题。

通过文章最后一段第一句“Failure to adapt can be harmful to academic and career development of
international students.”可知, 文章主要谈论的话题是Failure to adapt。

难以适应的问题, 和A 选项是同义替换。