动态可调光栅的设计-推荐下载

光栅
光栅是一张由条状透镜组成的薄片，当我们从镜头的一边看过去，
将看到在薄片另一面上的一条很细的线条上的图像，而这条线的位
置则由观察角度来决定。

如果我们将这数幅在不同线条上的图像，
对应于每个透镜的宽度，分别按顺序分行排列印刷在光栅薄片的背
面上，当我们从不同角度通过透镜观察，将看到不同的图像。

光栅也称衍射光栅。

是利用多缝衍射原理使光发生色散(分解为光谱)的光学元件。

它是一块刻有大量平行等宽、等距狭缝(刻线)的平面玻
璃或金属片。

光栅主要有狭缝光栅和柱镜光栅两类
光栅的分光原理
由光栅方程d（sinα±sinβ）=mλ可知，对于相同的光谱级数
m，以同样的入射角α投射到光栅上的不同波长λ1、λ2、λ2.....组成的缓和光，每种波长产生的干涉极大都位于不同的角度位置；即
不同波长的衍射光以不同的衍射角β出射。

这就说明，对于给定的
光栅，不同波长的同一级主级大或次级大（构成同一级光栅光谱中
的不同波长谱线）都不重合，而是按波长的次序顺序排列，形成一
系列分立的谱线。

这样，混合在一起入射的各种不同波长的复合光，经光栅衍射后彼此被分开。

这就是衍射光栅的分光原理。

单轴晶体
光在晶体中传播时，在不平行于光轴方向上，由于e光和o光传
播速度不同，而出现两个不同折射率的光的像，这种现象叫做双
折射现象。

双折射现象有两类，单轴晶体和双轴晶体[1]。

只有一个光轴的晶体就叫单轴晶体。

其折射率椭球为旋转椭球体。

属于四方晶系、三方晶系和六方晶系的晶体都是光学单轴晶体，常见的单轴晶体有方解石(CaCO3)和石英(SiO2)。

参考文献
1、陈晓峰,刘伟平,杜戈,易清明,廖常俊,刘颂豪;动态可调谐光纤光栅单/双信道滤波的实现[J];光通信研究;2002年05期
2 、刘伟平,杜戈,刘颂豪,郭光灿;DWDM系统光纤光栅分插复用器的设计与实现[J];通信学报;2002年12期
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