初中英语音标发音表及发音规则

一、英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。

国际音标（英语语音）
元音单元音
前元音[i:] [i] [e] [?]
中元音[?] [?:] [?]
后元音[u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:] 双元音
开合双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音[i?] [ε?] [u?]
辅音爆破音
清辅音[p] [t] [k]
浊辅音[b] [d] [g]
摩擦音
清辅音[f] [s] [?] [θ] [h]
浊辅音[v] [z] [?] [e]
破擦音
清辅音[t?] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音[d?] [dr] [dz]
鼻音（浊辅音）[m] [n] [?]
舌则音（浊辅音）[l] [r]
半元音（浊辅音）[w] [j]
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece
[?]发音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any
[]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard [ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada
[a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm
[]发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood
[]字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter
[]发音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u--food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude
[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y--bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town
[]发音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal
[i]字母组合 eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea
[]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care [u]字母组合our ower--hour tour flower shower
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[] uncle bank English think thank junk??sing king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul [r] read red right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough [v] very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those
[] that this those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse how who
[w] when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June
junk
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods
二、特殊单词发音：
元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean
please(ea)
he she me(e)
piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)
2) [i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious
pleasure familiar
collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago
elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [ ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
10) [ ] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [ ] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [ ] 字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower
[ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]
2 容易混淆的元音
[ ] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [ ]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [ ]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife （字母f）
cough laugh rough（字母gh）
physic photo phone (ph)
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest( 字母v)
of (字母f)
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)
close nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)
16) [ ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [ ] that this those these though
18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh) nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [ ] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)
24) [ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [ ]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [ ]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ ]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5 字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [ ] [a:] [ ]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [ ] [ ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [ ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [ ](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [ ] [ ]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [ ] [ ]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [ ] [ ]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [ ] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [ ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood
door floor
19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ ] [ ]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [ ] [ ]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [ ] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [ ] [ ]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question
三、连续与爆破音
那么，什么是连读呢？
在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,如:not at all如:Please take a look at it.
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的 /j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。

Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea？
Could~you help me, please?
“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。

I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。

这些音有6个,即/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/和/g/。

但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作"不完全爆破"。

6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。

(1)“爆破音+爆破音” 型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。

The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。

Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult。