现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4_Book3

a life by choice, out of principle → natural, healthy, independent
a life as slaves of their possessions → artificial, anxious, loss of virtue
Text Analysis
Diogenes and Alexander
Unit 4
Character Analysis
Structure
Detailed Analysis
Text Analysis
Text Analysis
Character Analysis
Other people: half-men
Diogenes: the beggar (paras. 1-3)
Warming up
Paraphrase:
1.
Check-on Preview
Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escape complexities and extravagances: only so can you live a free life. (para. 4) His life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to erase the old false conventional markings, and to imprint it with its true values. (para. 5)
2. Writing: comparison and contrast • Diogenes—Alexander • Diogenes—other beggars/hermits/philosophers • Alexander—other Macedonians (officers & officials) Here, the alternating comparison/contrast (subject by subject) is used.
Text Analysis
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Character Analysis
Diogenes: the missionary (para. 5)
2.
• •
What was his mission?
“to restamp the currency” call people back to the natural way of life—true life
Diogenes
1. Cynicism in modern sense:
the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons 2. What are the major tenets (principles) of Cynicism? Do you find any expressions of these principles in the text?
Character Analysis
Diogenes: the beggar (paras. 1-3)
There are contrasts within the broad contrast.
• How did Diogenes contrast with ordinary homeless people?
Text Analysis
Character Analysis
Diogenes: ways of teaching (para. 6)
1. • How did Diogenes differ from other philosophers of his time? Plato: taught his private pupils in his Academy, which he founded as one of the earliest centers of advanced learning in the world. • Aristotle: taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory, instruments, and specimens. • Diogenes: taught all those who would care to listen by his own example or by taking people around him for examples.
Diogenes and Alexander
Diogenes
Unit 4
Background
Alexander
Background
1. Who was Diogenes?
• A beggar • A philosopher • A missionary 2. Doctrine: Cynicism
Text Analysis
Character Analysis
Diogenes: the missionary (para. 5)
1.
•
Comparison with ordinary hermits
Similarities: Both grew tired of human society with its complications and wanted to live simply.
Text Analysis
Character Analysis
Diogenes: ways of teaching (para. 6)
2.
Warming up
1. Content:
Objectives
• differences and similarities between Diogenes and Alexander • Cynicism and its present significance • philosophy vs. power
Text Analysis
Character Analysis
Diogenes: the philosopher (para. 4)
1. “A Socrates gone mad”:
repositioning of convention below nature and reason 2. • • • Three key principles: living in accord with nature total disregard of convention independence (freedom) being the only true, lasting good
– Why do you think he wanted to bring so many regions under his rule?
Background
Alexander
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Background
Alexander
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Unit 4
Questions/Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
Warming up
Warming up
Questions/Activities
1. What does the author tell us about Diogenes? Who was he? What was his philosophy? What did he think was the problem with people? How did he intend to help them? What were the key values he promoted? How, in his opinion, could we find true happiness?
•
Differences:
hermits
went away to live simply— on a small farm, in a quiet village or a cave Diogenes
had a sense of mission, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athens or Corinth, in order to convert people
Diogenes
the doctrine that scorned worldly needs and pleasures and held that virtue was the key to the only good /d/diogsino.htm
Background
a house (big, with many rooms)
beds, chairs, etc. (elaborate) clothes (expensive) elaborate horses, servants, bank accounts (anxious)
Possessions Nature of the life
Diogenes: a free man
Shelter
Furniture Dress Food
cask, a storage jar made of earthenware none
blanket (half-naked) bits of food begged from others, drinking from his hollowed hands none
Warming up
Check-on Preview
Define the following words and phrases:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a mischievous pebble (para. 1) elaborate (para. 4) by design (para. 6) restrained (para. 12) chivalrous (para. 12)
• • • • self-sufficiency shamelessness outspokenness perfection of virtue
Background
Alexander
• Macedonian King: son of Philip
• The Thinker: student of Aristotle • The Conqueror: Greece, Asia, Egypt
2. What does the author tell us about Alexander? What did this king have in common with Diogenes, the beggar? Why was Alexander considered a man of destiny? 3. How would you contrast the two characters? Why did Alexander decide to visit Diogenes? What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?
?他们为局长准备了一桌精美的饭菜结果被狠狠批评了一顿
Diogenes and Alexander
Gilbert Highet
Diogenes and Alexander
Unit 4
W arming up
B ackground
T ext Analysis R einforcement
Diogenes and Alexander