Unit 1 Leisure Activities新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译
Unit 1 Leisure Activities新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译
Unit 1 Leisure ActivitiesEntertaining Humor—What's Funny?Donald M. HuffmanThe joy of laughing at a funny' story is universal, probably as old as language itself. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny?As one who had enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, I've made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China. I've done some serious thinking about funny stories. It has been a labor of love!Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I've just read the weather report? Obviously some people are more sensitive to humor than others. And, we recognize that some people tell jokes very well while others struggle to say something funny. We've all heard people say, "I like jokes, but I can't tell one well, and I can never remember them." Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is told, that triggers an entire string of jokes from that person's memory bank. A humorless person is not likely to be the most popular person in a group. It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.Even some animals have a sense of humor. My wife's mother often visited us for extended stays. She normally didn't like dogs, but she fell in love with Blitzen—a female Lab we have, and the relationship was mutual. Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said, "Aha, I fooled you again.Typical jokes or humorous stories have a three-part anatomy that is easily recognized. First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. Usually all three parts are present, and each must be clearly presented. It helps if the story/ joke teller uses gestures and language which are well known to the audience.Humor, as a form of entertainment, can be analyzed in order to discover what makes a funny story or joke seem funny. Here, for example, are some of the most common types of humor. They range from the most obvious humor to the more subtle types."SLAP-STICK" is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct, and often makes fun of another person or group. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures. Nearly every English-speaking comedian in this century has used the following joke in one form or another. One man asks another, "Who was that lady I saw you with last night?" The other replies, "That was no lady, that was my wife." The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman. The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. The audience knows in advance what will be said, because it is classic humor, and any audience values it even more because of its familiarity.Chinese "cross-talk" is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats, family problems, or other personal topics. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theatres, and to radio and television. It is clearly a traditional form of humor well understood by Chinese people.A PLAY ON WORDS is not so obvious as slap-stick, but it is funny because of misused or misunderstood language. My favorite example is the story of three elderly gentlemen traveling by train in England. As the train slowed for a stop the first man asked, "Is this Wembley?" "No," said the second, "It's Thursday." "So am I," said the third man. "Let's stop for a beer." We know that older people often do not hear things clearly, so the misunderstanding of both Wednesday (for Wembley) and thirsty (for Thursday) make a nice setup for the punch line delivered by the third man.The famous Chinese cartoonist and humorist Ding Cong is a master of word play. In one of his funny cartoons, a teacher says, "How come you completely copied somebody else's homework?" The young student replies, "I didn't completely copy it. My name on the page is different." In another classic Ding Cong cartoon, an irritated father asks, "Tell me, what's one plus two?" The son says, "I don't know." The impatient father then says, "For example, you, your mother, and I altogether are how many, you idiot?" The son proudly answers, "Three idiots." Whether these stories are cartoons, jokes told by a slapstick comedian, or a cross-talking team, they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. 11 PUNS are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique ofsimilar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word. Puns are thought by some critics to be the lowest form of humor, but I disagree with this. Puns require more subtle and sophisticated language skills than most humor forms, but even the very young can use them in their simpler forms. For example, the "riddle" or trick question often uses a pun in the setup, the story line, or, more often, the punch line. Puns are the first type of humor I learned, and at about 5 years of age I remember hearing the following riddle. One person asks, "What is black and white and red all over?" The other person usually cannot answer the riddle, so says, "I give up. What is the answer?" The riddler replies, "A newspaper." This is the obvious answer if one knows that "red" is pronounced the same as "read" in English, but the meanings are clearly different.DOUBLE-ENTENDRES (French for double meanings) are special variations of puns in which words or phrases have double meanings. Frequently the two meanings are very different, and one is quite proper while the second is often, but not always, vulgar. I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the school playground. The teacher says to the students, "The principal and I have decided to stop kissing on the school playground." Hearing some laughter, she senses her message was not altogether clear, so she adds, "What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses". This clarification, of course, does nothing to correct the first statement and the double meaning of the joke becomes even more laughable.Some professional humorists think too much of today's humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. They dislike the suggestive or vulgar language used too frequently, and they feel that most humorists are not very creative. It is true that some of today's humor is rather shocking, but I don't think humor is to be blamed for that. Humor is alive and well, and it will persist simply because there are funny things happening every day. Some humorous people see and hear these funny things and are able to make them into funny, entertaining jokes and stories.享受幽默——什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
新编大学英语4课后答案
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11.1)A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2)A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3)A tempting B temptation C tempt4)A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5)A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6)A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7)A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8)A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2.1)a sense of responsibility2)a sense of safety/security3)a sense of inferiority4)a sense of superiority5)a sense of rhythm6)a sense of justice7)a sense of shame8)a sense of helplessness9)a sense of direction10)a sense of urgency3.1)Lively behavior is normal2)Fast cars appeal to3)diverse arguments4)I asked my boss for clarification5)sensitive to light6)Mutual encouragement7)made fun of him8)persists in his opinion/viewpoint9)to be the focus/center of attention10)we buy our tickets in advance4.1)certain/sure2)involved3)end4)behavior5)disciplining6) agreed7)individually8)first9)response10)question11)attempt12) voice13)directly14)followed15)troubleUnit2Column A Column B The Compound Wordscreated through day throughoutup man upbeat,upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout,handwrittenbirth back birthday,birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue,overagelong due long-distance,long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage,milestonetype wishing typewriter,typewrittenwell Writer/written well-wishing,well-writtenStep Two1)long-distance2)upbeat3)ever-ready4)overdue5)typewriter6)milestone7)handwritten8)uplifted9)self-conscious10) rag-eared11)birthday12)throughout13)drawbacks14)chairman15) teenage3.1)thrives2)strategy3)annual4)deserve5)spontaneous6) sincere7)investments8)enterprise9)follow up10)characterized11) lingered12)acknowledged4.column1)D2)A3)B4)C tough1)D2)B3)E4)F5) C6)A6.1)searched2)clever3)solution4)wasted5) tolerate6)hidden7)dumb8)subject9)noise10)extra11)purchased12) replaced13)appreciation14)hurried15)warrant16)strangeUnit3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1)Introduction(para1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions,andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2)There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.(para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA.Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para2)i)Its consequence:This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii)The reason for this:Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii)Two examples:a.In many of the former all-women’s colleges,the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b.A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B.Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.(para.3)i)Its consequence:This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii)An example:A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C.Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’assumption.(para4)i)The assumption:Boys will do better in the hard,masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii)Three examples:a.American boys do develop reading problems,while girls,who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine,fall behind from then on.b.In Germany,all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.c.In Japan,where early education appears to be nonsexist,both girls and boys do equally well in reading.(3)The educational bias begins at home.(para5)A.Supporting evidence:i)Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii)Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills,while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B.The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher,more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content,and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent,analytical,or original.C.Conclusion:Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours,society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.Vocabulary1.1)genetic2)assign3)noticeably4)approved5)Bias6) deprived7)constituted8)participation9)unintentional10)postgraduate 2.conscious-unconsciousencourage-discouragedirectly-indirectlysexist–nonsexistdependent-independentpositive–negativesuperior-inferiorbiased–fairlimited–unlimitedappropriately-inappropriately3.1)C2)D3)A4)E5)B6)C7)F8)B4.1)turn out2)carry over3)calling on4)put away5)fallen behind6)take overunit4Reading Comprehension1.1)Introduction(para1)It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encouragecreativity in children.2)An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow(para.2-3)A.The strategy:To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas.B.The significance for adopting the strategy:If children can be taught to think creatively,they will be better able tofunction in tomorrow’s society.3)The definition of creativity(para.4-5)A.Who successful students and adults are:Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.B.What creative people can do:They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good forsomething.4)A big problem in school(para.6)The problem:Children can obtain and give back information,but can’t figureout ways to apply what they know in new situations.5)A new approach to teaching(para7)A.The approach:Combining the basics with the activities where students mustuse their imaginations.B.How to do so:By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas andnew thoughts.C.How to facilitate the process:To create an atmosphere in which there is norisk in being creative--a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.6)Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity(para.8-10)A.To involve children in decision making.B.To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.C.To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. The reasonfor doing so:Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.D.To show a sense of humor.The reason for doing so:Children can seecreativity in its purest form.E.To give children choices from their earliest age.Examples:a.When they are very young,let them choose between two food items forlunch.b. B.When they grow older,let them decide how to use their time or spendtheir money.Vocabulary3.1)dismiss2)consequences3)promoting4)applies5)vital6) scorned7)conventional8)original4.1)consciously2)innovative3)unconsciously4)determined5) Imagination6)aware7)control8)created9)extension10)technique11) vulnerable12)unfolding13)joyful14)gain15)ApplyUnit5Understanding the organization of the text1)Introduction(para.1)Athletes are chosen to be role models,and they can choose only to be good orbad ones.2)Athletes should be role models.(para.2-5)The author’s arguments:A.Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.(para.2)B.I try to be a positive role model,but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para.3)C.Qualities of a positive role model:(para.4)a.He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b.He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c.He displays the values like honesty and determination.D.Athletes cannot take the place of parents,but can help reinforce what parentstry to teach their children.(para.5)3)People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes.(para.6-7)A.Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example:I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist.(para.6)B.Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example:1:Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2.Ever since I played on the Dream Team,I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want.(para.7)4)Conclusion(para8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A.It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to tryto be good.B.But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C.Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2.1)is bound to2)follow their lead3)goes too far/is going too far4)take the place of5)dropped out6)have a fit7)measure up to8)look up to9)Let’s face it10)you name it3.1)outgrown2)outdo3)outwitted4)outweigh5)outlivedUNIT71.belief–doubt deep-shallow learn-unlearn shame-pride inadequate-adequatesuccess-failure boring-interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessusefulwell-informed----ill-informed smart-dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative2.1)deprived of2)for the sake of3)get away with4)dropped out5)by no means6)got down to7)distinguish…from8)look back on9)gone through10)after all11)be rid of12)on my own3.choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting tests within had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shapeUNIT81.C E B D A F2.relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo重做，再做rewrite 重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin再结合，在加入reform改革readjust重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast转播，重播reread再读review 复习3.B A D A D C A A A BUNIT91.1)observation2)available3)discoveries4)acceptance5) experimentation6)inventions7)evolution8)adaptable9)innovative10) objectivity2.1)out of the ordinary2)preceded3)To be exact4)Contradict(ed)5)ProsperityCOLUMN A COLUMN BInvention inventavailable nnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster6)Gave birth to7)Catch our breath8)had in mind9)proposed 10)converted11)disastrous12)negative3.1)She had hardly sat down2)Especially if/when you want to reserve a seat3)is not necessarily the most useful4)What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5)There’s a limit on the time6)Spend part of his childhood7)three times as many girls as boys8)as do most of the people who live in this village9)but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10)Depite/In spite of international pressure。
全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)第四册课后习题答案
全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in theair 11) got/was stuckin12) approximatelyI. Cloze1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11)calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect16) vapor2. 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Unit 3 TextALanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.Unit 5 TextAVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5)transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) currentI. Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）.Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10).arrestedII. Translation1.1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.Unit 6V ocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantityof9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedCloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslation1.They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.3.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.。
新编大学英语(第4册)1,2,6,9,10习题答案.doc答案
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6)agreed 7) individually8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn B The Compound Words createdColumn Athrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift Ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due Long-distance, long-earedself stone Self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written Well-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11)birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenageintrigued intrigue 2) straining strain 3) savor savored 4) treasure treasure5) credited credit 6) boost boost 7)note noted 8) signed sign 9)totaled total10) stuffed stuff 11)count count 12)last last 13)complimented compliment 14)flood flooding 15) contact contact3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered 12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5)C 6) A）complementary complimentary complimentary 2）stationery stationary stationary3）typist typewriter typist 4）vulgar vague vague 5）pad pat pad 6）own owed owes owned6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUNIT 6sensible 2)relative 3) mechanism 4) requires 5)eliminate 6) crashcharacter 2)end up 3)Rarely 4)casual 5)risky6)all manner of 7)inform 8)sensible 9)definitelyOn the strength of 2) all manner of 3) feed on 4) reduce…to 5) end up6) associated with 7) focus on 8) turned to 9) participate in 10) involved inUNIT 9invent available Avail Innovation Innovate Adaptable Adapt Discovery Discover Acceptance AcceptEvolution Evolve Objectivity Objective Observation Observe Experimentation Experiment Prosperity Prosper disastrous disaster1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed 10) converted11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressureUNIT 10bring down brought in bring back bring about brought up2) Going by gone down went off go about going around3) make of makes up for made up made for make out4) thought nothing of think twice about thought better of thought highly of think badly of5) on account of On no account on that account take account of/ take intoconsideration by/from all accountsn f m g j b c e I l k a hlater separated effective first signed suffering which claimed meeting/encounter attended seated attraction/ affection finally almost by。
新编大学英语第二版第四册UNIT_ONE
Leisure Activities
Unit One
• • •
Leisure activities Task 2: Laughter Task 3: Humor
Task 1:
• What pastimes/leisure activities do you participate in?
• Ding Cong’s father, Ding Song, was a well-know caroonist in China. Desiring an easier life for his son he refused to teach him to draw. Ding Cong became a professional cartoonist anyhow. Once he started publishing cartoon at the age of 17, he never sstopped creating cartoons have brought him fame as one of the best cartoonists in China. During his more than 60-year career in cartooning, Ding Cong has drawn caroons, illustrated stories and designed for many different publications.
•
•
In china, when we are talking about slapstick, the author also mentioned chinese crosstalk. Cross-talk is very popular in China. You can listen to it everywhere. Its popularity lies in its humorous language, the performers’ quick wits, their funny gestures and their presentation skills. Another reason is that the subject of cross-talk is close to real life so that it resonates（共鸣） with the audience. If you look into the dictionary, you look upon “Xiangsheng,” the dictionary will say “cross talk.” But if you ask a foreigner if he has ever heard of cross talk, he always says no. In English, we never talk about cross talk. Nobody ever calls comedy skits cross talk. But we have stand up comedy, we have comic dialogue, we have skit. Those are very similar to cross talk. It all depends on your definition. If you think cross talk is one person or two doing a comedy dialogue or talking jokes, every culture, every language in the world has a similar type of performances. One thing that makes cross talk very interesting is that it’s usually one complete story or one topic whereas the western stand up comedy is usually just a series of separated jokes.
新编第二版新视野大学英语第四册unit1第一单元sectionA
Topics for Discussion:
1.what will a person who gains good fame get? 2.if you are a famous singer ,what do you feel uncomfortable when you are interviewed in the public. 3.do you look forward to be a man with a good fame, what do you need to do to chase the fame? 4. who is the man with a good fame you admire, give an example, and tell me why.
Tennessee Williams
欲望号街车 A Streetcar Named Desire
玫瑰梦
青春浪子 朱门巧妇 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Structure Analysis
The passage is a piece of argumentation which tries to convince us that seeking fame sometimes leads to one’s own destruction.
名誉如河流，发源处最狭，愈远愈宽广。
A good name is better than riches. 好名誉胜过有财富。 A good name is sooner lost than won. 美誉难得而易失。 Fame is a magnifying glass. 名誉是放大镜。
Chinese old proverb
People die in pursuit of fortune; birds die in pursuit of food. For ancient people, what other else they were seeking too?
新编大学英语4册unit1课件
Para.3
Why
is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report?
Paraphrase: What caused the completely different responses to the same joke?
Translation：为什么听我讲完一个笑话 后，班上会有一些学生笑得前仰后合， 而另外一些学生看上去就象刚听我播了 天气预报一样呢？ Explanation: This sentence is a special interrogative question in which “it” is the formal subject. “laughing after I tell a joke” is used here as accompanying adverbial.
Background Information
Most people seek ways to socialize, to relax or to have fun during their leisure hours. Home entertainment industry, TV, Computer, VCR, and DVD etc., are developing fast now.
Para.2
I’ve done some serious thinking about funny stories. It has been a labor of love. a labor of love: ( task done for no reward, just one’s own satisfaction)不计报酬的工作，自己 乐意干的事
新编大学英语视听说教程4_听力原文与答案
视听说4 听力原文及答案Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your ne w tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate histhoughts to the audience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. DPart 1 listening two(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.) Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports programaimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands!Listen to what our two guests have to say about their hobbies andhow their hobbies have made a difference to their lives. Adriennefirst, then, Jonathan.Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling.Whenever I travel somewhere, I like to pick up something to remindme of the place that I visited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pickup a small piece of jewelry instead of getting a poster or a T-shirtthat won’t last. I like the idea of having something small and also, Ifind whenever I wear jewelry from somew here, it’s a goodconversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Where did you getthis?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet and talkto people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balanceand strong arms, you'll like canoeing! The main trouble istransporting your canoe to the right places—my father takes it onthe roof of the car—or sometimes I put it on the roof of the club’sLand Rover. What it has taught me most is to be independent. It'sjust you and the canoe against the wind, the weather and the water.It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really exciting aslong as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feelclose to nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began torun my own canoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particularcareer.Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer. Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan?Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BPart 1 listening threeGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing. Have you ever seen it?Judy : No, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film. Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, theright accents. Don't you think so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking.Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time. I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take mea week to read the book.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays.Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends.When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.s poil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4.Atmosphere photography location period1.5.insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/locationshots/period costumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.d inner band dances piece2.5.house drinks snacks2.6.Invite arrive fifty/502.7.snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here.Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please?Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30. Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK fora beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me giveyou a schedule.Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class? Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet. Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks. Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything? Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: Why don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun!Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Woman: Oh, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britainwould be easier. No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we cantravel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wastingour summer holiday here.Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when wego abroad. I hate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that.It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages. Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet! Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. BListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that theRomans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible?Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put his hand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hardas you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist?Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.)Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists inlanguage, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin duringchildhood. Children usually play together with other childrenof the same gender, and this is where our conversational styleis learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on thecontrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction ifwriters' names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language stylesare still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because ofdifferent communication and language styles between thesexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found thatfemales use language that is more collaborative andsupportive such as "Thanks for all your tips on...", "Goodpoint." and "Hope this helps!". Men tend to use moreaggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females usecollaborative and supportive language three times as often asmales did. In this study, it is clear that there is a genderdifference in e-mail messages just as in other communicationmedia.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening cardoors?Cathy: W ell, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, asmany guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of meand went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold thedoor and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it forthe people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, morebeautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:2. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands 2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made.A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off. Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:2. B 2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory,。
新编大学英语综合教程课文翻译第四册
Unit 1 Leisure Activities1-1 Entertaining Humor-What's Funny?Translation【1】听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？【2】我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
【3】为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。
我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。
”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。
一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。
一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。
一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。
这么说是有道理的。
【4】甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。
我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。
通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩——我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。
而且，她们的这种好感是相互的。
布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。
当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。
外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。
”【5】典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4Unit1-Unit6课后练习答案
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4Unit1-Unit6课后练习答案I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siegeAppendix I - $99) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the nearfuture.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival ofraw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way ofher career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to therural and mountainous regions to build upour bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon withthis problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt bycon stant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory againstthe Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During thisfamous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the Germanarmy by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - Appendix IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—andnobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you4) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.5) Little T om was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.■Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the comingChrist mas.2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. ■4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with2. stand in the way4. catching... off his guard6. declaration8. drag on10. bringing...to a haltAppendix I - 91 -(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, andaccurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Ourtroops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. Thedivi sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy andlaunch a surprise attack. T o do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By astroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and themarsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn andbegan attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy,caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check1. d3. b.-2. d4. a- 92 - Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2. obstacles3. was concerned4. call ...off5. paid off6. was pinned down7. are contesting 8. prior to9. holdout 10. objective11. responsible for 12. in case13. favorable 14. due to15. on the eve of 16. cancel17. complications 18. stiff19. withstand 20. absent■Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:_____________ It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.______ √_____Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up,and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."ModelPaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks ofsuccesses in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promiseheld out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of Appendix I -98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154words)Unit Two Smart Cars★Text AVocabularyI.1.1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in12) approximately2.1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3.1) … incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype o f a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correl ated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words Blendskilo kilogram Medicare medical carememo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6.Canned foods7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air,except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionizedtransportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.★Text BComprehension Check: 1. a 2.c 3.c 4. d 5. b 6. bLanguage practice1．1）c 2）a 3）e 4）b 5）f 6）g 7）d 8）h2．1）en route 2) matures 3) equivalent 4) feasible 5) in cooperation with 6) exposure7) At the start of 8) thereby 9) implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by meansofUnit Two Smart Cars★Text AVocabularyI.1.1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in12) approximately2.1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3.1) … incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees te n feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words Blendskilo kilogram Medicare medical carememo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6.Canned foods7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air,except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionizedtransportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.★Text BComprehension Check: 1. a 2.c 3.c 4. d 5. b 6. bLanguage practice1．1）c 2）a 3）e 4）b 5）f 6）g 7）d 8）h2．1）en route 2) matures 3) equivalent 4) feasible 5) in cooperation with 6) exposure7) At the start of 8) thereby 9) implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by meansofUnit 3Part IListening TaskScript for the recording:As you battle the competitive job market, your résumé is going to be the key weapon you use to get hired. For better or for worse, this is your calling card to the recruiting directors of the business world.There is one key piece of advice that seems to get lost on most people, one of the most important things you can do when applying for a job. And it is this: Target your résumé.People, we work in advertising. What do you think yourrésumé is? It’s just an ad for you. Just like a good ad targets its consumer, a good résumé hits the target right between the eyes and says, ―You have to hire me.‖ In this case, the consum er is the recruiting director at the company where you’d like to work. Neve r forget that. Here’s what I mean: Recruiting directors are a practical lot. They want to find the ―easiest‖ possible person to hire. That is, someone who fits their job description perfectly.If the job description says they are looking for an account director with, at least, 5 years of experience and a background in package goods, that’s exactly who they want to hire. Now, that doesn’t mean they won’t consider anyone else, but where do you think they are going to start?If you have more than five or so years of experience, you can start your résumé with a summary. A summary captures about four or five bullet points that show why you’re a perfect match for the job. In our example above, that first bullet point would say something like:Account director with more than 5 years of experience leading diverse agency teams as large as 18 on package-goods accounts including Unilever and Hershey.When they pick up that résumé, you want t hem to nod and think, ―This person is perfect for the job.‖After Listening1. calling card2. target one’s résumé3. job description4. summaryPart II Reading TaskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions:1.He runs a manufacturing company.2.Almost all of them were no.3.This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4.Prepare to win.5.They now have to switch jobs frequently.6.A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7.Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.138.Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9.His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11.Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12.Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants. Text Organization1.PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-6An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part TwoParas 7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part ThreeParas 28-31Make your own tracks in whateveryou do.2.SuggestionsExamples1) Prepare to win.1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and theeven when no one else does.Vietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference.4) a New York cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with(2) interview(3) grill(4) clippings(5) be right for(6) follow up(7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared(10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI.1.1) rude2) physically3) structure4) made a difference5) blurted (out)6) chuckling7) measurable8) prospective9) preparations10) sparkled11) took a crack at12) partner2.1) go after2) look back at/on143) be put up 4) stood for5) build in6) follow up7) behooked up to8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she hadbeen all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers’hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants, veteran,the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavorto go after3) as the saying goes, tohave a crack at,barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for yourbeautiful Christmas card.By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, asI plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now,how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris isback from Australia. Incidentally,those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective(2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor(6) structure(7) partners(8) Respond(9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference(12) follow up2.(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples15(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out)that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home,I would have madebetter preparations.You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homeworkclearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chanceof success.Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1.b2.c3.a4.a5.a6.bTranslation1.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。
新视野大学英语第二版第四册教案（unit1-8）
新视野⼤学英语第⼆版第四册教案（unit1-8）New Horizon College EnglishBook IV新视野⼤学英语（第⼆版）教案第四册Unit 1, Book FourI. Section A: The Tail of Fame1. Teaching Objectives:λTo know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patternsλTo be familiar with the writing skills of the text and make use of it in writingλTo improve Ss‘ reading skills by studying section BTo respond and cooperate with classmates willinglyλTo participate activelyTo read sentences and texts with proper intonationλTo write smoothly and legibly2.Time Allotment:Section A (3 periods):1st---2nd period: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up;)While-reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions;difficult sentences)3rd period: While-reading activities (text structure; main ideas)Post-reading activities (comprehension questions; exercises)Section B(1period):4th periods: Practice of the reading skill (reading for the key idea in a sentence);T checks on Ss‘ home reading by asking questions based on the passage.T explains some difficult sentences3.Teaching Procedures:3.1 Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 1 GreetingsGreet the whole classStep 2. Warming upTeacher initiates students to talk about their special experiences during the newly-past vacationPurposes: Help students quickly adapt to the langguage-learning mode and facilitate students with English language atmosphere after a long vacation.Method: Talk in groups; communicative approach.Step 3. Lead-in and preparation for readingShow the Ss some pictures of famous people (the pictures might be the portaits of the famous people appearing in this Unit) and let Ss discuss with each other about the questions on the screen.1. For your understanding, how to define the word ―fame‖ ?Fam e refers to the state of being popular with a lot of people as a result of one‘s achievement.2. What do people seek fame for?High social satus; abundance of material and spiritual fulfillment …3. What negative effects might fame bring about?Loss of pr ivacy; deprivation of freedom …4. Do you want to live a life of celebrity? Enumerate some reasons to support your idea.Purpose: Arouse the students‘ interest of study and lead Ss to Text A: The Tail of Fame.Method: Use the CAI, PPT software and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach, audio-visual method and audiolingual method.Step 4. Fast readingAsk the Ss to read the passage as quickly as they can and require them to answer the questions on Page 9. Make sure Ss grasp the main idea of the text and have a relatively clear understanding of the text structure.Text structure: ( the chart below )Purpose: Improve the students‘ reading and writing ability and let students understand the general idea of the passage. Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teachingmethod, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 5. Preparation for details of the text on the screenSs are required to look at the words and phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Words and Phrases:Purpose:Train the Ss‘ ability of understandi ng and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.1)bankrupt: adj. without enough money to pay what one owesMany state-owned enterprises have gone bankrupt. 许多国有企业都破产了。
新编大学英语(第二版)第四册unit1-10完整答案
新编大学英语第二版第四册unit1-10答案完整版Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn AColumn BThe Compound Words createdthroughdaythroughoutupmanupbeat, upliftdraweareddrawbackteenreadyteenagehandconscioushandout, handwrittenbirthbackbirthday, birthstonechairdistancechairmanragbeatrag-earedeverliftever-readyoverageoverdue, overagelongduelong-distance, long-earedselfstoneself-consciousmileoutmileage, milestonetypewishingtypewriter, typewrittenwellWriter/writtenwell-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives2) strategy3) annual4) deserve5) spontaneous6) sincere7) investments8) enterprise9) follow up10) characterized11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched2) clever3) solution4) wasted5) tolerate6) hidden7) dumb8) subject9) noise10) extra11) purchased12) replaced13) appreciation14) hurried15) warrant16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in lawand medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys inclass.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math andscience while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who developreading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys doequally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, whilegirls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to beapproved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in theiranswers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditionaland expected mold.V ocabulary1. 1) genetic2) assign3) noticeably4) approved5) Bias6) deprived7) constituted8) participation9) unintentional10) postgraduate2.conscious- unconsciousencourage- discouragedirectly- indirectlysexist – nonsexistdependent- independentpositive – negativesuperior - inferiorbiased – fairlimited – unlimitedappropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out2) carry over3) calling on4) put away5) fallen behind6) take overUnit 4 CreativityWord Building (P 141)1. confuseA. I was confused in…B. There seems to be some confusion …2. intelligentA. have a low intelligenceB. intelligent3. humorA. A humorous thingB. people lacking in humor4. strategyA. improve his strategyB. … is of great strategic importance5. motivateA. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaningB. His motivation was so strong that…6. combineA. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible7. createA. the creation of a new exam systemB. the most creative writer8. pursueA. In pursuit of…B. She is pursuing her studies9. multiplyA. learning multiplicationB. if you multiple four by tree…10. employA. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使用;应用)his energyB. the employment of modern machineryFilling the blanks (P 142):1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)5) …adopt a different approach (采用不同方法)6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.Filling the blanks (p 143)1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)3) The government is committed to (致力;投入) promoting the developmentand use of public transportation.4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.5) …are vital /very important to…6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的)Filling the blanks(p 143)1) consciously2) innovative solutions3) unconsciously4) consciously5) Imagination6) Are not aware how…7) in control of8) Your future is created by your thoughts…9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.10) A powerful technique11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.14) You…have everything to gain.15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.Unit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus Christ. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.V ocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUnit 6 Risks1. Vocabulary (p 223)a. sensible adviceb. relative advantagesc. the mechanism that worked the alarmd. … requires skille. eliminate all the errorsf. a plane crash2. Filling the blanks (p 223)1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk3) Rarely do we learn the risk level4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.5) because virtually (几乎) everything is risky (adj.)6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.3. Translation (p 223-224)1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.5) Keep on doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in(卷入).Unit 7 College Life1. opposite meanings (p 266)belief – doubt dependent – independentdeep – shallow mediocre – excellentlearn – unlearn useless – usefulshame – pride well-informed -- ill-informedpolite – impolite smart – dullinadequate – adequate painful – painlesssuccess – failure imaginative – unimaginativeboring – interesting2/ Filling the blanks:1) ……if she is deprived of adequate sleep2) John and Mary stayed together only for the sake of the children3) ……get away from the taxes4) He dropped out high school5) This is by no means the first time you have been late.6) ……It is time we got down to business.7) ……I cannot distinguish one speaker from another.8) I like to look back on my high school days…9) We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.10) She shouldn’t be working so hard. She is 70, after all.11) I didn’t enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.12) I’d rather not go to the dance on my own. I do wish you’d come with me.3.1）choice 2）secure 3） hear 4） who 5）keep6）while 7）now 8）This 9）pressure 10）expecting11）tests 12）within 13）had 14）catch 15）marks16）patents 17） obtain/get 18）teachers 19） relax 20） shapeUnit 8 TimeWord combination p 3091. Spend time doing sth.2. Waste time =lose time3. Take one’s time = do sth. at a moderate pace4. kill time5. save time6. pass the time即：C E B D A FWord building P 3092. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加入reform 改革readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习3.words with similar meaning：1） sense his guest were bored = felt2) dismiss the idea \= ignore, disregard3） emerge from = appear4） perceive a change = notice5） recall ever meeting her = remember ever meeting her6） accelerate the growth of crops = speed up7） have the dress altered = have the dress changed8） external pressures = outside pressures9） recognized = realize10） the usual symptoms of flu = sign即： B A D A D C A A A BUNIT 91.COLUMN A COLUMN Binvention inventavailable AvailInnovation InnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster1) observation 2) available3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity 2.1) out of the ordinary2) preceded解释：precede sb. as…在某人之前任职succeed sb. as…继某人之后任职3) To be exact4) Contradict(ed) (与…矛盾)5) Prosperity (繁荣)6) Gave birth to(产生= result in; give rise to…)7) Catch our breath8) had in mind(what is desirable理想中的)9) proposed10) converted (= change)11) disastrous(a.灾害性的)12) negative解释： 1) the fact 后接that构成同位语从句，类似名词从句，通常做主语、宾语、表语等，在此翻译为：他呼吸困难这种状况不是好征兆。
新编大学英语4_unit_1_leisure_activities_课件
Part One: Preparation >> Our Leisure Activities
In some countries, young people spend hours sitting in front of their computers, surfing on the Internet or playing computer games.
hiking Camouflage
Abseiling
rock-climbing
bungee
Taekwondo/kickboxing
Part One: Preparation >> Our Leisure Activities
What are the most active and most passive activities people do?
Part One: Preparation >> Our Leisure Activities
But in recent years, the home entertainment industry has grown all over the world. More and more families have TVs, tape recorders, CD players, VCRs, VCDs, DVDs and computer games to add to the variety of leisure activities in the home.
Part One: Preparation >> Recognizing Puns
2. If you get sick at the airport it could be a terminal illness.
新编第二版新视野大学英语第四册unit1第一单元sectionA
Section A
Tail of Fame
Chinese old proverbs
People die in pursuit of fortune;
birds die in pursuit of food.
For ancient people, what other else they were seeking too?
Related Information
At home in Oak Park, Ernest wrote for his school newspaper. He tried to write like a famous sports writer of that time, Ring Lardner. He developed his writing skills this way.
Chen Kaige (born August 12, 1952) is a Chinese film director and a leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese cinema。His films are known for their visual flair and epic storytelling. 陈凯歌（生于1952年8月12日）是中 国电影导演和电影中的第五代领军人物。 他的电影以视觉风格和史诗般的故事而 闻名。
Related Information
He worked for the newspaper only nine months before he joined the Red Cross to help on the battlefields of Europe. His job was to drive a Red Cross truck carrying the wounded away from battles.
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文Unit1-8翻译
Unit 1An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
全新版大学英语（第二版）第四册unit1课后答案
全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）第四册unit1课后答案Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Para 1-2Both Napoleon’s and Hitler’s militarycampaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Para 3-11Napoleon’s military campaignsagainst Russia.Part Thr ee Para 12-20Hitler’s military campaign againstthe Soviet UnionPart Fou r Para 21The elements of nature must bereckoned with in any militarycampaign.A Comparison--and—-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions：Invading country France Germany Country invaded Russia Soviet Union Starter of war Napoleon Hitler Starting time ofinvasionSpring, 18126/22/1941Strength of invading force 600,000The largest landcampaign in historyPrediction Quick victory,conquest of Russiain 5 weeksBlitzkrieg (light en ingwar), lasting nolonger than 3monthsInitial resistance strategy Refusing to standand fight: retreatingeastwards, burningcrops and homes“scorch the earth”fierce fight todefend major citiesCapture of the RussiancapitalMajor battlesSmolensk, Borodino,the Berezina River Leningrad, StalingradTruce offerBy Napoleon,rejected by the CzarNoBiggest enemy for the invading force Snow, freezing temperatureHeavy rain,“General Mud”,snow, freezingtemperatureTurning point October 1812 whenNapoleon ordered aretreat1943, when theSoviet troopspushed the Germanforces backFate of the invading force Only 100,000survivedHeavy losesWar-starter’s fate Napoleon abdicatedand went into exile,his empire at an endHitler committedsuicide, his empirecollapsing第11页2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earthSection Two Paras 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad,Moscow and Stalingrad Section Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensiveThree and the outcome of the war Vocabulary第14页I. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations8) siege9)raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll12) In the case of第15页2.1) is faced with2) get/become bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on4) drag on5) get by6) dine out7) have cut back/down8) get through第16页3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt bythe delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock worker’sstrike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interestswill/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreignminister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered theslide rule out of date / obsolete.第17页4.1) Being faced with an enemy force much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constantinternal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle,the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.第17页II. More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took placein the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.第18页III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he wasat work1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall / fell asleep.4) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.5) Little T om was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.第19页Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. invasion2.stand in the way3. Conquest4.catching... off his guard5. launching6.declaration7. campaign8.drag on9. reckon with10. bringing...to a halt2. 第19页1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forcasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage9. observing10. powerful第20页II. Translation1).1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engagedin getting the autumn harvest in the farm.2). W e must mot underestimate the enemy. T hey areequipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3). H aving been out of job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4). Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. T o do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. By a stroke of luck, t hanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.。
综合教程第二版第四册Unit 1课件
UNIT 1 NEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVERI. Words and expressionsat your Head Master’s kind invitationat: in response toCollocation:at one’s invitation/request/suggestion, etc.e.g. A meeting was arranged at the ambassador’s request.At my suggestion, Mrs. Carey wrote to her former employer.Translation:应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。
Answer: At the invitation of President Hu Jintao, President of the United States will pay a state visit to China.catastrophic:a. involving or causing sudden great damage or sufferingSynonym: disastrousCollocation:catastrophic floods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophe n.ups and downs: a mixture of good things and bad thingse.g.Sitting beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.Translation:从1999年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。
Answer: The organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 1999.position: situation at a particular timeSynonym: situatione.g.It is time those companies revealed more about their financial position.Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particular shows up.throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago:recollecting our meeting at Harrow School ten months agoe.g. Please throw your mind back to 1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a great war against the Fascists.meet with: experience; undergoe.g.Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with embarrassing failure.Efforts to put the Russian space programme into market have met with little success.She was worried that he might have met with an accident.... imagination makes things out far worse ...: ... what one imagines tends to be worse than reality ...make out: see or understande.g.How do you make that out (= what are your reasons for thinking that)?[+ wh-] I can’t make out what she wants.Paraphrase:I can’t make out how to put it back.Answer: I don’t know/understand how to put it back.far-reaching:a. having important and widely applicable effects or implicationsCollocation: far-reaching consequences/implications/changes/reformse.g.The consequences of the decision will be far-reaching.They decided to carry on far-reaching constitutional reforms.conviction: n.a strong opinion or beliefCollocation: political/moral convictionse.g.She was motivated by deep religious convictions.In face of difficulty, he held a conviction that all would be well in the end.[U] the feeling or appearance of believing sth. strongly or of being sure about ite.g.He said he agreed but his voice lacked conviction.The leader’s speech in defense of the policy didn’t carry much conviction.yield:v.yield (to sth./sb.): (formal or literary) give up control (of)Synonym: surrendere.g. After a long siege, the town was forced to yield.He reluctantly yielded to their demands.If the newly founded regime does not yield, it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain defeat.I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.Paraphrase:Never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.Answer: Never give in or surrender to the seemingly strong enemy.overwhelming:a. very great in amounte.g. The evidence against him was overwhelming.She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth.Translation:压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议。
新编大学英语第二版第四册练习答案
新编大学英语第二版第四册练习答案新编大学英语第二版第四册第一单元练习答案Vocabulary2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6 ) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble新编大学英语第二版第四册第二单元练习答案VocabularyStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strange新编大学英语第二版第四册第三课练习答案Post-Reading1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medicalschool classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para.3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4) i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational proce ss that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.Vocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B新编大学英语第二版第四册第四课练习答案Reading Comprehension1. 1) Introduction(para 1)It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encouragecreativity in children.2) An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (para. 2-3)A. The strategy:To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas.B. The significance for adopting the strategy:If children can be taught to think creatively, they will be better able tofunction in tomorrow’s society.3) The definition of creativity (para. 4-5)A. Who successful students and adults are:Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.B. What creative people can do:They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good forsomething.4) A big problem in school (para. 6)The problem: Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t figure out ways to apply what they know in new situations.5) A new approach to teaching (para 7)A. The approach: Combining the basics with the activities where students mustuse their imaginations.B. How to do so: By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas andnew thoughts.C. How to facilitate the process: To create an atmosphere in which there is norisk in being creative-- a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.6) Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (para. 8-10)A. To involve children in decision making.B. To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.C. To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. The reasonfor doing so: Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.D. To show a sense of humor. The reason for doing so: Children can seecreativity in its purest form.E. To give children choices from their earliest age.Examples:a. When they are very young, let them choose between two food items forlunch.b. B. When they grow older, let them decide how to use their time or spendtheir money.Vocabulary3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital 6) scorned7) conventional 8) original4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determined 5) Imagination6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique 11) vulnerable 12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) Apply新编大学英语第二版第四册第五课练习答案Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The au thor’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role mode l, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parentstry to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus Christ. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times. Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to tryto be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived新编大学英语第二版第四册第六课练习答案Step One1) Risks are always a matter of probability rather than certainty.2) The author supports the main idea by means of a comparison betweenhypochondria and anxiety about the risks of life, and an analysis of injury prevention.2) How do we measure the risk level?Vocabulary2. 1) character 2) end up 3) Rarely 4) casual 5) risky 6) all manner of 7) inform8) sensible 9) definitivelyTranslation Practice1. Promising new technologies can power our homes, factories and cars withcleaner, moer efficient energy-- cutting emissions while strengthening oureconomy.2. Indeed, unless we reach across borders and face threats to the enviromnenttogether, the earth may be confronted with an ecological crisis, with half of allspecies gone, and our grand children enduring deadly floods, droughts anddisease brought on by global warming.3. Our planet is a biosphere, which demands that nations work in globalpartnership to solve complex environmental problems such as the long -rangetransport of air pollutants and hazardous waste disposal.4. Risks are an unavoidable part of life. They stem from rare events such as earthquakes and fires or from slowly accumulating effects of exposure tohazardous conditions and probaly cause loss of property, even loss of life.5. Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. Today this harmoniousrelationship is threatened by man's lack of foresight and planning, and by hiscarelessness and greed, for man is slowly poisoning his environment.新编大学英语第二版第四册第七课练习答案Reading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextPassage I1) The message Prof. Neusner passes to the graduates. (para.1)We take no pride in our educational achievement because we have inadequatelyprepared students for the real world.Reason: At Brown, during the four years, students have formed the belief thatfailure leaves no record, while in the real world failure marks you.2) Two different attitudes toward errors. (para. 2) At Brown, students defend theirerrors by arguing about:A. why their errors were not errors;B. why mediocre work was excellent;C. why they could take pride in their poor presentation.In the real world, graduates had better not defend their errors but learn from them.3) College is an altogether forgiving world. (para. 3-5)No matter what slight effort students made, they could meet the demand.A. When students broke appointments, professors make new ones.B. When the deadline was missed, professors pretended not to care.C. Boring talks were considered to be important.D. Unlabored writing was commented.E. Dull students were treated as if they were smart.The reason why professors did all this was not that they wanted to be liked by students, but that professors did not want to be bothered and pretense was the easy way out.4) Prof. Daniel’s viewpoint. (para. 6)College has deprived students of adequate preparation for the real world.5) The ending of the speech. (para. 7-8)A. Conclusion: On this commencement day, we professors have nothing to takepride in .B. Advice for graduates:a. Don’t act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us.b. Go to life and unlearn the lies we taught you here.Passage II1) The points Ida Timothee’s going to argue against: (para. 1)A. Students have been made to believe that “failure leaves no record”.B. College is not a preparatory school for life.2) Ida Timothee’s comments on Neusner’s points: (para. 2)A. He knows little about stu dents’ college life.B. He ignores the pressures and hard times students experience at college.3) Ida argues against Neusner’s point that college is not preparing students forreal life. (para. 3)During the college years, we start to be independent, make crucial decisions andare responsible for them. Supporting evidence:A. We lean to budget our time and money.B. We are tolerant enough to survive in a crowded triple room.C. We meet people from different parts of the world.4) Ida argues against the so-called students’ belief that failure leaves no record. (para. 4)Her counter-examples:A. If you fail a test or a course, the teacher won’t erase the grade.B. If you drop a class, you’ll have to take more courses next semester.C. Low grades or low GPA means no fine graduate school, no degree.D. Everyone has to take midterms and finals.E. No teachers have “pretended not care” when deadlines are not kept.5) Ida’s conclusion: (para. 5)College is not “easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun”to her.Vocabulary2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out5) by no means 6) got down to 7) distinguish…from8) look back on9) gone through 10) after all 11) be red of 12) on my own3. 1) choice 2) secure 3) hear 4) who 5) keep 6) while 7) now 8) This9) pressure 10) expecting 11) tests 12) within 13) had 14) catch15) marks 16) parents 17) obtain/get 18) teachers 19) relax 20) shape新编大学英语第二版第四册第八课练习答案Reading ComprehensionVocabulary2. relearn regain redo rewrite rearrange reclaim remodel replace rephraserejoin reform readjust reunite rebroadcast reread review新编大学英语第二版第四册第九课练习答案Post—ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Main Idea of the Text1) before 2) automobiles 3) iceman 4) occupations 5) increases 6) Space7) resist/refuse 8) ability 9) acceptance 10) possible 11) innovations12) miracles/achievements 13) properly 14) scientificVocabulary2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) contradict(ed)5) prosperity 6) gave birth to 7) catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative3.1) She had hardly sat down2) especially if/when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) spent part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Despite/In spite of international pressure新编大学英语第二版第四册第十课练习答案Reading Comprehension1.Understanding the Organization of the TextSetting: At a Christmas partyCharacters: Dr. Phineas Welch (a physicist) and Scott Robertson (an Englishinstructor)Development of the story:Introduction: Dr. Phineas Welch claims to have the ability to bring back the spirits and bodies of the illustrious dead.Rising Actions:Dr. Phineas Welch’s first attempt: He brought back Archimedes, Newton and Galileo. Result: He had to send them back because they couldn’t get used to the modern way of life.Dr. Phineas Welch’s explanation: Their minds were great, but not flexible oruniversal.Dr. Phinea s Welch’s second attempt: He brought back Shakespeare.Climax: Dr. Phineas Welch enrolled Shakespeare in Scott Robertson’s evening extension literature course and Shakespeare failed the course.Vocabulary3.1) married 2) later 3) separated 4) effective 5) first 6) signed 7) suffering8) which 9) claimed 10) meeting/encounter 11) attended 12) seated13) attraction/affection 14) finally 15) almost 16) byPart Three Further Development4. 1) that 2) species 3) top 4) in vain 5) agreement 6) in any case7) in terms of 8) adapted 9) far 10) similar 11) closest 12) traditionally13) outperform 14) evidence 15) partlyTranslation Practice:康斯坦丁. 索巴科夫研究草原犬鼠已有十多年了。
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Unit 1 Leisure ActivitiesEntertaining Humor—What's Funny?Donald M. HuffmanThe joy of laughing at a funny' story is universal, probably as old as language itself. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny?As one who had enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, I've made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China. I've done some serious thinking about funny stories. It has been a labor of love!Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I've just read the weather report? Obviously some people are more sensitive to humor than others. And, we recognize that some people tell jokes very well while others struggle to say something funny. We've all heard people say, "I like jokes, but I can't tell one well, and I can never remember them." Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is told, that triggers an entire string of jokes from that person's memory bank. A humorless person is not likely to be the most popular person in a group. It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.Even some animals have a sense of humor. My wife's mother often visited us for extended stays. She normally didn't like dogs, but she fell in love with Blitzen—a female Lab we have, and the relationship was mutual. Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said, "Aha, I fooled you again.Typical jokes or humorous stories have a three-part anatomy that is easily recognized. First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. Usually all three parts are present, and each must be clearly presented. It helps if the story/ joke teller uses gestures and language which are well known to the audience.Humor, as a form of entertainment, can be analyzed in order to discover what makes a funny story or joke seem funny. Here, for example, are some of the most common types of humor. They range from the most obvious humor to the more subtle types."SLAP-STICK" is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct, and often makes fun of another person or group. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures. Nearly every English-speaking comedian in this century has used the following joke in one form or another. One man asks another, "Who was that lady I saw you with last night?" The other replies, "That was no lady, that was my wife." The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman. The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. The audience knows in advance what will be said, because it is classic humor, and any audience values it even more because of its familiarity.Chinese "cross-talk" is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats, family problems, or other personal topics. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theatres, and to radio and television. It is clearly a traditional form of humor well understood by Chinese people.A PLAY ON WORDS is not so obvious as slap-stick, but it is funny because of misused or misunderstood language. My favorite example is the story of three elderly gentlemen traveling by train in England. As the train slowed for a stop the first man asked, "Is this Wembley?" "No," said the second, "It's Thursday." "So am I," said the third man. "Let's stop for a beer." We know that older people often do not hear things clearly, so the misunderstanding of both Wednesday (for Wembley) and thirsty (for Thursday) make a nice setup for the punch line delivered by the third man.The famous Chinese cartoonist and humorist Ding Cong is a master of word play. In one of his funny cartoons, a teacher says, "How come you completely copied somebody else's homework?" The young student replies, "I didn't completely copy it. My name on the page is different." In another classic Ding Cong cartoon, an irritated father asks, "Tell me, what's one plus two?" The son says, "I don't know." The impatient father then says, "For example, you, your mother, and I altogether are how many, you idiot?" The son proudly answers, "Three idiots." Whether these stories are cartoons, jokes told by a slapstick comedian, or a cross-talking team, they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. 11 PUNS are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique ofsimilar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word. Puns are thought by some critics to be the lowest form of humor, but I disagree with this. Puns require more subtle and sophisticated language skills than most humor forms, but even the very young can use them in their simpler forms. For example, the "riddle" or trick question often uses a pun in the setup, the story line, or, more often, the punch line. Puns are the first type of humor I learned, and at about 5 years of age I remember hearing the following riddle. One person asks, "What is black and white and red all over?" The other person usually cannot answer the riddle, so says, "I give up. What is the answer?" The riddler replies, "A newspaper." This is the obvious answer if one knows that "red" is pronounced the same as "read" in English, but the meanings are clearly different.DOUBLE-ENTENDRES (French for double meanings) are special variations of puns in which words or phrases have double meanings. Frequently the two meanings are very different, and one is quite proper while the second is often, but not always, vulgar. I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the school playground. The teacher says to the students, "The principal and I have decided to stop kissing on the school playground." Hearing some laughter, she senses her message was not altogether clear, so she adds, "What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses". This clarification, of course, does nothing to correct the first statement and the double meaning of the joke becomes even more laughable.Some professional humorists think too much of today's humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. They dislike the suggestive or vulgar language used too frequently, and they feel that most humorists are not very creative. It is true that some of today's humor is rather shocking, but I don't think humor is to be blamed for that. Humor is alive and well, and it will persist simply because there are funny things happening every day. Some humorous people see and hear these funny things and are able to make them into funny, entertaining jokes and stories.享受幽默——什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。