经典英语语法讲解

经典英语语法讲解
三天学好英语语法
英语语法分为词法和句法两个部分。

词法是关于词的构成和使用规律，句法是关于句子的组成和使用方法。

英语语法的特点可以用三句话概括：每个词都有词性；每个句子都有动词（实意动词或系动词）；每个句子都必须符合五个基本句型。

按照标出单词词性、找出所有动词并标出种类和相应的句子成分、理解、掌握、运用这句话，就能透彻理解英语语法体系。

英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分为十个大类。

这十个类别分别是名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词、副词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。

名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称，代词主要用来代替名词，形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征，数词表示数目或事物的顺序，动词表示动作或状态，副词修饰动词、形容
词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等，冠词用在名词前，帮助说明名词，介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系，连词用来连接词、短语或句子，感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

词性的分类可以根据其修饰、代替、及物、不及物、系动词、助动词、情态动词等特点来划分。

学好英语语法需要掌握以上的基本知识，并按照标出单词词性、找出所有动词并标出种类和相应的句子成分、理解、掌握、运用这句话的方法来研究。

动词是表示动作、状态或存在的词。

它是英语句子中最重要的成分之一。

二、动词的种类：
1.及物动词：需要一个宾语来完整表达意思的动词。

例如，“She drinks coffee.”
2.不及物动词：不需要宾语就能完整表达意思的动词。

例如，“He runs.”
3.系动词：用于连接主语和表语的动词。

例如，“She is happy.”
4.情态动词：用于表示情态或语气的动词。

例如，“I should go.”
5.助动词：用于构成时态、语态和否定句的辅助动词。

例如，“XXX.”
6.实义动词：表示具体动作或状态的动词。

例如，“He sings.”
7.系动词：用于连接主语和表语的动词。

例如，“She is happy.”
三、动词时态：
1.现在时：表示现在正在进行或经常性的动作。

例如，“I am studying.”
2.过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

例如，“He walked to the store.”
3.将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。

例如，“I will go to the party.”
4.现在完成时：表示过去某个时刻开始的动作一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去。

例如，“I have been studying for two hours.”
5.过去完成时：表示过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。

例如，“I had XXX XXX.”
6.将来完成时：表示将来某个时刻之前将会完成的动作。

例如，“I will have finished my project by next week.”
四、动词语态：
1.主动语态：表示主语执行动作的语态。

例如，“XXX.”
2.被动语态：表示主语受到动作的语态。

例如，“XXX.”
五、非谓语动词：
1.动名词：表示动作的名词形式。

例如，“XXX.”
2.现在分词：表示正在进行的动作或状态。

例如，“The boy is running.”
3.过去分词：表示已经完成的动作或状态。

例如，“XXX XXX.”
六、动词的用法：
1.及物动词需要一个宾语来完整表达意思。

2.不及物动词不需要宾语就能完整表达意思。

3.系动词用于连接主语和表语。

4.情态动词用于表示情态或语气。

5.助动词用于构成时态、语态和否定句。

6.实义动词表示具体动作或状态。

7.非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

动词是用来描述主语行为或状态的词语。

比如，句子“The boy runs fast”中的“runs”表示主语的行为，而句子“He is a boy”
中的“is”则表示主语的状态。

动词可以按照含义及其在句中的作用分为四类：行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

其中，行为动词也被称为实意动词，它们表示行为、动作或状态，具有完整的词义，可以单独作谓语。

例如，“I live in Beijing with my mother”中的“live”
表示主语的居住状态，“It has a round face”中的“has”表示主语
的拥有状态。

连系动词则是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词语。

它们
虽然有词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成合成谓语。

例如，“We are in Grade Two this year”中的“are”
表示主语的年级状态，“XXX”中的“is”表示主语的职业身份。

连系动词可以具体分为三类。

第一类是表示“是”的动词be，它在不同的主语和时态下有不同的形式，比如is、am、are、was、were、have/has been等。

例如，“XXX”中的“is”表
示主语的职业身份，“He was a soldier two years ago”中的“was”
表示主语过去的职业身份。

第二类是表示“感觉”的词语，比如look（看起来）、feel（觉得、摸起来）、smell（闻起来）、sound（听起来）、taste（尝起来）等。

例如，“XXX”中的“looked”表示主语的疲劳感觉，“XXX”中的“smell”表示主语的
香味感觉。

第三类是表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词语，e、get、grow、turn等，它们解释为“变”、“变得”。

例如，“XXX”中的“became”表示主语从之前的职业转变为教师这一过程。

XXX。

XXX。

As spring arrives。

the temperature rises and the daylight hours increase。

He has aged over time。

Note the difference in usage een the following verbs。

which can n as both n verbs and linking verbs:
1.Look: He is currently looking at the picture。

(n verb) The picture looks beautiful。

(linking verb)
2.Feel: I XXX touch my arm。

(n verb) Are you XXX today。

(linking verb)
3.Smell: XXX the apple before eating it。

(n verb) The
XXX(linking verb)
4.Sound: The letter "h" in "hour" is silent。

(n verb) The
XXX(linking verb)
5.Taste: XXX(n verb) XXX(linking verb)
6.Get: There are bananas on the table for each of you to take。

(n verb)
7.Grow: Does your country grow rice。

(n verb) XXX(linking verb)
It's getting dark。

and it's too late now。

XXX around the sun。

In spring。

the trees e green。

and the XXX linking verbs and n verbs。

a simple method is to replace the verb with "be." If the sentence still makes sense。

it is a linking verb。

if not。

it is an n verb。

For example。

"The trees turn/are green when spring comes" uses "turn" as a linking verb。

meaning "e," which cannot be replaced with "is." In contrast。

"The earth turns around the sun" uses "turn" as an n verb。

meaning "rotate," which cannot be replaced with "is."
Auxiliary verbs have no meaning on their own and can only be used with main verbs to form verb phrases that express different tenses。

moods。

n。

XXX。

For instance。

"He does not speak English well" uses "does" as an auxiliary verb to form the negative form of the present simple tense。

"A dog is running after a cat" uses "is" as an auxiliary verb to form the present continuous tense with the present participle "running." "Did he have any milk and
bread for his breakfast?" uses "did" as an auxiliary verb to form the n form of the past simple tense with the base form "have."
XXX。

mood。

or attitude。

such as "can" and "should." Modal verbs cannot form predicates on their own and must be used with base verbs to form XXX。

"I can dance" uses "can" as a modal verb to express ability。

and "dance" is the base verb。

"He can't walk because he is a baby" uses "can't" as a negative form of "can," meaning "cannot," and "walk" is the base verb.
May I come in。

- Can I come in?
三、及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词（即实义动词）根据是否需要宾语，可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。

一）、及物动词
及物动词需要跟宾语才能完整表达意思，例如：Please give me some ink.（请给我一些墨水。

）
If you have any ns。

raise your hand.（如果你有问题，举手。

）
二）、不及物动词
不及物动词不需要跟宾语即可完整表达意思。

不过，它们有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。

例如：He works hard.（他工作努力。

）
XXX faster than XXX.（XXX跑得比XXX快。

）
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（请看黑板，听我讲。

）
He got an "A" this time because he XXX.（这次他得了个“A”，因为他仔细地复了功课。

）[难点解释]
1、许多动词既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。

在阅读中必须仔细理解和区分，例如：
Who is going to speak at the meeting?（谁打算在会上发言？）speak,不及物动词
XXX.（在中国外很少人讲汉语。

）speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意英汉之间某些动词的差异。

有些词在英语中是不及物的，而在汉语中却是及物的。

有时则相反。

例如：He is waiting for you.（他在等你。

）英语wait为不及物动词，汉语“等”为及物动词。

XXX.（为人民服务。

）英语serve为及物动词，汉语“服务”为不及物动词。

简单句的五种基本句型
1.这种句型的特点是主语加谓语动词，谓语动词本身就能表达完整的意思，不需要跟宾语，但有时可以跟副词、介词短语等作状语。

例如：他笑了。

XXX广泛阅读。

他住在伦敦。

2.这种句型的特点是主语加谓语动词和宾语，谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语。

例如：我们的队打败了其他所有队伍。

3.这种句型的特点是主语加系动词和表语，谓语动词是连系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。

常见的系动词有：是、成为、变得、看起来、感到、闻起来、尝起来、听起来、似乎、保持等。

例如：这朵玫瑰闻起来很香。

4.这种句型的特点是主语加谓语动词、间接宾语和直接宾语，谓语动词跟有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。

当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常需要加介词for或to。

可跟双宾语的动词有：回答、带来、买、发现、得到、给予、借出、制造、通过、支付、发送、展示、唱、带走、教、告诉、写等。

例如：XXX给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

请你把这本词典给XXX好吗？
5.这种句型的特点是主语加谓语动词、宾语和宾语补足语，谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语进行补充说明。

可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。

例如：我们必须保持学校的清洁。

他们选他当了班长。

2）补充说明宾语的特征-----宾补
I found him very helpful.（形容词）They XXX.（名词）
She made me happy.（形容词）I XXX.（名词）
状语（adverbial）:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

XXX.（副词）She runs fast.（副词）
XXX.（副词）They arrived late because of the traffic.（介
词短语）
定语（attributive）:修饰名词或代词。

The red car is mine.（形容词）That book is interesting.（形
容词）
XXX.（数词）The man who is XXX（定语从句）
表语（predicative）:说明主语的状态、特征或身份。

XXX（名词）XXX.（形容词）
XXX.（形容词）I feel happy.（形容词）
补足语（object complement）:说明宾语的状态、特征或身份。

XXX.（形容词）XXX.（名词）
XXX.（形容词）XXX（名词）
I hope to have the pleasure of seeing you again。

Did you make sure to write down everything that he said?
XXX。

pronouns。

and gerunds to form nal phrases。

Are you afraid of the snake。

Beneath the snow。

there are many rocks.
Double object verbs have both indirect and direct objects。

He gave me a book yesterday。

Give some money to the poor man.
Adjectives modify or limit XXX。

The man over there is my old friend from school。

The woman carrying a baby in her arms is my sister。

The XXX are in Class 2.The trees that were planted last year are growing well now。

I have an idea to do it well。

You should do everything that I do.
Adverbs modify verbs。

adjectives。

and other adverbs。

or XXX。

They express time。

place。

reason。

purpose。

result。

degree。

n。

manner。

n。

and nship。

I will go there tomorrow。

The meeting will be held in the meeting room。

The meat went bad because of the hot XXX hard to learn English well.
He failed the exam because he didn't study hard enough。

I have a strong liking for some of you。

If you put in effort and
study hard。

you will pass the XXX young age。

XXX the room with a book in hand.
We chose him to be the class monitor。

He is a person。

We
all XXX't come here。

She is a person。

It is something。

We will bring joy to them。

They are happy。

We searched the area but found nobody。

There is no one。

Please XXX here。

You are e。

Don't allow him to do that。

The subject and predicate have a XXX.
Don't leave the lights on。

I will have my bike fixed。

The object and predicate have a XXX。

He was chosen to be the class monitor。

The object and predicate have a XXX in the next room。

The object。

predicate。

XXX.
Predicative: XXX。

state。

or features。

He works as a teacher。

He is seventy-four years old。

although he doesn't look it。

Five plus five equals ten。

He is XXX.
My watch has gone missing or it may be lost。

XXX。

XXX is whether or not they will come。

It seems like a good idea。

The sound is strange。

Her voice is sweet。

Tom XXX。

XXX。

The door remains open and now I am feeling tired。

XXX intransitive。

transitive。

and ditransitive。

In the case
of intransitive sentences。

the subject performs the n。

For transitive sentences。

the subject carries out the n on the object。

In ditransitive sentences。

the subject performs the n on two objects。

Infinitives and pronouns can also be used in XXX
A XXX。

Linking verbs include be。

sound。

look。

feel。

smell。

taste。

XXX phrases and verbs ending in -ing can also be used as complements。

Adverbial clauses can be used to describe time。

place。

or XXX such as when。

while。

before。

after。

until。

by the time。

as soon as。

hardly…when。

no sooner…than。

the moment。

immediately。

directly。

instantly。

where。

and wherever。

It is important to note that when the main clause expresses future meaning。

the subordinate clause should be in the present simple tense。

nally。

until is used in affirmative sentences when the main verb is XXX when the main verb is not continuous。

Wherever one goes。

it is important to be kind to others.
I appreciate the usefulness of the English language。

It can be applied in many ns。

making it a XXX.
Now that everyone is present。

we can begin our class.
When it XXX。

I prefer to use "if" over other ns such as "unless," "once," "in case," and "as."
I plan to go to the park tomorrow as long as the weather is fine.
I go for a walk every day unless bad XXX.
XXX.
The weather is so cold outside that nobody wants to go out.
XXX XXX.
XXX XXX.
The more effort you put in。

the greater the reward will be.
When using "as if" or "as though" to introduce a clause。

it is common to use the subjunctive mood.
XXX XXX.
In concessive adverbial clauses。

"as" is often used in inverted form。

"Although" and "though" can be used with normal word order and may be followed by "yet," but not "but."
XXX they are poor。

they are very happy.
Poor as they are。

they are very happy.
Even if he doesn't come here。

I won't mind.
In summary。

it is important to use proper grammar and syntax when writing or XXX guidelines。

one XXX their message with greater clarity.
Although there are many different types of connectors in English。

in this article we will focus on two: object clauses and relative clauses.
Object XXX such as "that" and "if/whether." They serve to connect the main clause to a subordinate clause that acts as the object of the sentence。

For example。

"He said that the fastest way to travel was by XXX."
Relative clauses。

on the other hand。

are XXX "who," "that," and "which." They serve to add more n about a noun or pronoun in the main clause。

For example。

"Do you know the girl who is wearing a red coat?"
It is important to note that some relative pronouns have specific XXX"Whom" is only used as an object pronoun。

while "whose" is used to show n。

"When" and "where" are used to indicate time and place。

respectively。

and "why" and "how" are used to indicate reason and manner.
In order to use these connectors effectively。

it is XXX mastering object and relative clauses。

you can add complexity and depth to your writing and speaking.
Do you XXX。

The reason why many students find learning English frustrating is because they do not understand the rules of English learning。

In his essay "On Learning," Wang Guowei describes three stages of learning: the first stage is like "standing
on a high tower and looking far away," the second stage is like "XXX never regrets it," and the third stage is like "searching for someone in the crowd。

and suddenly turning around to see that person standing in the dim light." I believe that learning English
can also be XXX.
The first stage is like XXX this door is to have more exposure to English words and to XXX necessary before one can make a breakthrough。

There are many ways to expose oneself to English。

such as n。

reading aloud。

memorizing。

or XXX。

it is XXX and interests。

and to persist in reading and writing carefully。

so that one's English level can improve.
The second stage is like climbing stairs。

The key to climbing stairs is to study the rules of English words。

phrases。

and sentences based on the exposure to English in the first stage。

Understanding English grammar can be summarized by one word: XXX understand the types of verbs。

you can understand the concepts of subject-verb-object and subject-predicate。

After that。

you can learn about clauses and non-XXX grammar。

you can master the language.
The third stage is like entering a room。

The key to entering this room is to practice using English in real-life XXX includes speaking。

writing。

and listening。

It is XXX。

By doing so。

you can XXX.。