2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：28

2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
This issue has become a political hot（）.
问题1选项
A.potato
B.cake
C.rod
D.bun
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项potato“土豆，马铃薯”；B选项cake“蛋糕，块状物；利益总额”；C 选项rod“棒，惩罚，枝条，权力”；D选项bun“小圆面包”。

hot potato为俗语，意思是烫手的山芋，即棘手的事件。

句意：这一事件升级为一个棘手的政治事件。

因此A选项正确。

2.
单选题
America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it（）before the West was settled.
问题1选项
A.could
B.was
C.would
D.did
【答案】D
【解析】考查助动词替代。

题干中的as作为连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样”。

根据平行结构原则，从句中应填入实义动词had，但主句中已有了一个have，为了避免重复，可用助动词did代替had，例如：Study as Lenin did (did用来代替studied)．像列宁那样学习。

因此D选项正确。

3.
单选题
Critics called the proposal a（）game that is not easily recognizable.
问题1选项
A.board
B.ball
C.home
D.shell
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事长”；B选项ball“球，舞会”；C选项home“家，住宅，产地，家乡，避难所”；D选项shell“壳，贝壳，炮弹，外形”。

shell game为固定搭配，意为“骗局”。

句意：批评人士称该提议是一场难以辨认的骗局。

因此C答案正确。

4.
单选题
After the Democratic shellacking in the midterm election, everyone wondered how President Obama would respond.
问题1选项
A.fanfare
B.fiasco
C.facade
D.fantasy
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项fanfare“（仪式上庆祝或欢迎重要人物到场时）号角齐鸣，嘹亮短曲；大张旗鼓宣扬，热议”；B选项fiasco“惨败；大惨败；泥鸽靶”；C选项facade“正面；表面；外观”；D选项fantasy“幻想；白日梦；幻觉”。

句意：民主党在中期选举中落败后，每个人都想知道奥巴马总统会作何反应。

shellacking“殴打；彻底击败”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

5.
单选题
We carried out（）checks on the vehicles before they leave the depot.
问题1选项
A.spot
B.pot
C.rain
D.coat
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。

A选项spot“地点，斑点，认出，弄脏”；B选项pot“壶，盆，罐”；C选项rain“雨，下雨，雨天，雨季”；D选项coat“外套，覆盖……的表面”。

spot check意为抽查。

其他关于spot的固定搭配还有on the spot“立刻，当场，在危险中，处于负责地位”；a spot of“少量的，一点儿”等，因此A选项正确。

6.
单选题
Julia Gillard, Australia’s prime minister, was forced to drop a co ntroversial proposal to funnel the processing of people seeking asylum in her country through Malaysia.
问题1选项
A.channel
B.siphon
C.clag
D.scintillate
【答案】A
【解析】考查近义动词辨析。

A选项channel“引导，开导；提供资金；输送；开辟水道，形成凹槽”；B选项siphon“用虹吸管吸出；抽取”；C选项clag“阻碍；妨碍；凝结”；D选项s cintillate“发出火花；闪烁”。

句意：澳大利亚总理朱莉娅•吉拉德（Julia Gillard）被迫放弃一项有争议的提案，该提案要求通过马来西亚来处理在澳大利亚寻求庇护的人。

funnel“流经狭窄空间；通过漏斗将……导入；汇集，传送”，A选项与该词词意最相近，因此A选项正确。

7.
单选题
Looking back, it’s hard to comprehend how the Tasmanian settlers could have been so cavalier about the tiger’s biological uniqueness—so heedless of the consequences.
问题1选项
A.extempore
B.offhand
C.infunctionate
D.disconcerting
【答案】B
【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。

A选项extempore“当场的，即席的”；B选项offhand“随便的；即时的；无准备的；即席的”，C选项infunctionate不存在；D选项disconcerting“令人不安的；打扰人的”。

句意：回顾过去，很难理解塔斯马尼亚的定居者怎么会对老虎的生物独特性如此漫不经心——如此无视后果。

cavalier“傲慢的；漫不经心的；无忧无虑的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

8.
单选题
He promised to return the book the next day without（）.
问题1选项
A.fail
B.default
C.trouble
D.failure
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。

A选项fail“失败，不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退”；B选项default “（n.）违约，拖欠；缺席；
（v.）不履行，拖欠，违约；默认，预设；因未到场而取消……参赛资格”；C选项trouble“（n.）麻烦；烦恼；故障；动乱；（v.）麻烦；使烦恼；折磨；费心；烦恼”；D选项failure“失败；故障；失败者；破产”。

根据固定搭配wit hout fail“务必；必定，无疑”可知该题选fail。

句意：他答应第二天一定把书还给我。

因此A选项正确。

9.
单选题
I had adopted two European clubs as my own, watched their games every weekend, wasted work hours reading blogs about them, emotionally invested myself in their travails.
问题1选项A.exertions
B.gritties
C.emulations
D.stretches
【答案】B
【解析】考查近义名词辨析。

A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。

句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。

travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

10.
单选题
Attempts to reconcile these two decisions have expanded, human ingenuity and expended unconscionable amount of time, effort and paper.
问题1选项
A.excessive
B.uncouth
C.gullible
D.ignoble
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项excessive“过多的，极度的；过分的”；B选项uncouth“笨拙的；粗野的；不舒适的；陌生的”；C选项gullible“易受骗的；轻信的”；D选项ignoble“不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑贱的”。

句意：调和这两个决定的尝试已经扩大，人类的聪明才智和花费了大量的时间、努力和文件。

unconscionable“过度的；不合理的；昧着良心的；肆无忌惮的”。

A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

11.
单选题
It is sometimes difficult to（）a happy medium in life.
问题1选项
A.adopt
B.make
C.reach
D.strike
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。

A选项adopt“采取；接受；收养；正式通过”；B选项make“使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成”；C选项reach“达到；延伸；伸出手；传开；范围；延伸；河段；横风行驶”；D选项strike“撞击；打；踢（球等）；突击；罢工；使打动；侵袭；罢工；抗拒；袭击；殴打”。

根据固定搭配strike a happy m edium“采取折中的办法；采取中庸之道”可知该题选strike。

句意：生活中有时很难找到折中的办法。

因此D选项正确。

12.
单选题
Ozone is a bluish gas that is harmful to breathe. Nearly 90% of the Earth’s ozone is in the stratosphere and is referred to as the ozone layer. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called UVB that is particularly harmful to living organisms. Stratospheric ozone is constantly being created and destroyed through natural cycles. Various ozone depleting substances however, accelerate the destruction processes, resulting in lower than normal ozone levels. Reductions in ozone levels will lead to higher levels of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface. The sun’s output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and hence more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. In addition, UVB has been linked to cataracts. Dramatic loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica was first noticed in the 1970s by a research group from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) who were monitoring the atmosphere above Antarctica from a research station. Folklore has it that when the first measurements were taken in 1975, the drop in ozone levels in the stratosphere was so dramatic that at first the scientists thought their instruments were faulty. Replacement instruments were built and flown out and it wasn’t until they confirmed the earlier measurements, several months later, that the ozone depletion observed was accepted as genuine. Another story goes that the BAS satellite data didn’t show the dramatic loss of ozone because the s oftware processing the raw ozone data from the satellite was programmed to treat very low values of ozone as bad readings. Later analysis of the raw data when the results from the British Antarctic Survey team were published, confirmed their results and showed that the loss was rapid and large-scale; over most of the Antarctica continent.
Ozone occurs naturally in the atmosphere. The earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers. We live in the Troposphere, ground level up to about 10km high, where most of the weather occurs such / as rain, snow and clouds. Above that is the Stratosphere, an important region in which effects such as the Ozone Hole and Global Warming originate. The layer next to space is the Exosphere and then going inwards there are the Thermosphere and the Mesosphere. Supersonic passenger jets fly just above the troposphere whereas subsonic commercial airliners are usually well in the troposphere. The narrow region between these two parts of the atmosphere is called the Tropopause. Ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics and denser towards the poles. The amount of ozone above a point on the earth’s surface is measured in Dobson units (DU)—typically ~260 DU near the tropics and higher elsewhere, though there are large seasonal fluctuations. It is created when ultraviolet radiation in the form of sunlight strikes the stratosphere, splitting oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone. The Ozone Hole of ten gets confused in the popular press and by the general public with the problem of global warming. Whilst there is a connection because ozone contributes to the greenhouse effect, the Ozone Hole is a separate issue. Over Antarctica (and recently over the Arctic), stratospheric ozone has been depleted over the last 15 years at certain times of the year. This is mainly due to the release of man-made chemicals containing chlorine such as CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), but also compounds containing bromine, other related halogen compounds and also nitrogen oxides. CFCs are a common industrial product, used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging. Nitrogen oxides are a by-product of combustion processes, for example aircraft emissions.
The ozone deplete on process begins when CFCs and other ozone depleting substances are emitted into the atmosphere where winds efficiently mix and evenly distribute the gases. CFCs are extremely stable, and they do not dissolve in rain. After a period of several years natural gases in the stratosphere combine with CFCs and this releases chlorine atoms, halons and methyl bromide. These in turn all release bromine atoms and it is these atoms that actually destroy ozone. It is estimated that one chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere.
The first global agreement to restrict CFCs came with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 ultimately aiming to reduce them by half by the year 2000. Two revisions of this agreement have been made in the light of advances in scientific understanding, the latest being in 1992. Agreement has been reached on the control of industrial production of many
halocarbons until the year 2030. The main CFCs will not be produced by any of the signatories after the end of 1995, except for a limited amount for essential uses, such as for medical sprays. The countries of the European Community have adopted even stricter measures. Recognizing their responsibility to the global environment they have agreed to halt production of the main CFCs from the beginning of 1995. It was anticipated that these limitations would lead to a recovery of the ozone layer within 50 years of 2000. The World Meteorological Organization estimated 2045 but recent investigations suggest the problem is perhaps on a much larger scale than anticipated.
1. It is a common mistake to associate the Ozone Hole problem with（）.
2. Common household appliances contribute to（）.
3. International agreements will eventually lead to（）.
4. An apocryphal BAS story cites that equipment was changed to measure（）.
5. The Ozone layer is destroyed by a by-product of CFCs reacting with（）.
问题1选项
A.the issue of the heating up of th e earth’s atmosphere
B.the measurement of CFCs in Dobson units
C.the dramatic loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica
D.the higher levels of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface
问题2选项
A.global warming
B.the release of aerosols and solvents
C.the stabilization of CFCs in the air
D.the discharge of synthetic chemicals into the atmosphere
问题3选项
A.recent investigations into the strength of Dobson Units
B.the cessation of the release of most CFC gases into the atmosphere
C.the scientific understanding in the international community
D.the reduction of industrial production of many halocarbons
问题4选项
A.the location of the layer relative to the earth
B.the satellite orbiting the earth
C.the raw data of the dramatic loss of ozone
D.the apparently anomalous readings taken earlier
问题5选项
A.the normal components of the earth’s atmosphere
B.chlorine atoms, halons and methyl bromide
C.aircraft emissions
D.atomic oxygen
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据题干可定位到文章第四段的第一句话“The Ozone Hole of ten gets confused in the popular press and by the general public with the problem of global warming.（大众媒体把臭氧空洞和全球变暖问题搞混了。

）”。

A选项“地球大气层升温的问题”正确；B选项“以多布森单位测量氯氟烃”；C选项“南极洲上空平流层低层臭氧的显著损失”；D选项“到达地球表面的较高水平的中波”不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

2.判断推理题。

根据题干可定位到文章第四段，第四段说到臭氧会导致温室效应，臭氧层的破坏与人类释放含氯的人造化学品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相关卤素化合物和氮氧化物有关，这些化合物通常存在于家用电器中，从而导致全球变暖，由此可知家用电器可能与全球变暖有关联。

A选项“全球变暖”正确；B选项“气溶胶和溶剂的释放”；C选项“氯氟烃在空气中的稳定性”；D选项“合成化学物质排放到大
气中”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。

根据题干可定位到文章最后一段第三句话“Agreement has been reached on the control of industrial production of many halocarbons until the year 2030.（已就到2030年控制许多卤化碳的工业生产达成协议。

）”，由此可知国际协议最终将导致卤化碳的减少。

A选项“最近对多布森单位力量的调查”；B选项“停止向大气中释放大部分氯氟烃气体”；C选项“国际社会对科学的理解”都
不符合题意，D选项“工业生产中许多卤化碳的减少”符合题意，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。

根据题干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklore has it that wh en the first measurements were taken in 1975, the drop in ozone levels in the stratosphere was so dramatic that at first the scientists thought their instruments were faulty.（民间传说，当1975年首次进行测量时，平流层的臭氧水平急剧下降，以至于起初科学家们认为他们的仪器出了问题。

）”，由此可知科学家们更换仪器是为了测量差距过大的数据。

A选项“这层相对于地球的位置”；B选项“卫星绕地球运行”；C选项“臭氧显著损失的原始数据”；D选项“明显不正常的读数”。

因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。

根据题干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句话“CFCs are extremely stable, and they do not dissolve in rain. After a period of several years natural gases in the stratosphere combine with CFCs and this releases chlorine atoms, halons and methyl bromide. These in turn all release bromine atoms and it is these atoms that actually destroy ozone.（氯氟烃非常稳定，不会在雨中溶解。

几年后，平流层中的天然气与氯氟烃结合，释放出氯原子、哈龙和甲基溴。

这些原子依次释放出溴原子，而正是这些原子破坏了臭氧）”。

A选项“地球大气的正常组成部分”；B选项“氯原子，哈龙和甲基溴”；C选项“飞机排放”；D选项“原子氧”。

因此B选项正确。

13.
单选题
New philanthropists also tend to stay closely involved in the foundations they set up rather than just bankrolling an organization.
问题1选项
A.subsidizing
B.formenting
C.cruciforming
D.ideating
【答案】A
【解析】考查近义动词辨析。

A选项su bsidizing“资助；给予奖助金；向……行贿”；B选项formenting 不存在；C选项cruciform / cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架状的”；D选项ideating“形成概念；想象，设想”。

句意：新的慈善家也倾向于密切参与他们建立的基金会，而不仅仅是资助一个组织。

bankroll“提供资金；提供财务上的资助”，A选项与该词词意最相近，因此A选项正确。

14.
单选题
He sat there swigging beer and smoking.
问题1选项
A.sucking
pping
C.Gulping
D.sipping
【答案】D
【解析】考查同义动词辨析。

A选项sucking“吸，吮吸”；B选项lapping“舔，折叠”；C选项“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D选项sipping“啜饮”。

句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽烟。

Swigging“大口喝，痛饮，畅饮”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

15.
单选题
Mike Devine, chief financial officer of New York-headquartered Coach, which makes luxury hand bags, said at a conference recently a move was in the pipeline.
问题1选项
A.in the jobs
B.in the works
C.in the job
D.in the work
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。

A、C、D选项均表示“在工作中”；B选项in the works“正在准备阶段；在进行中或准备中”。

句意：总部位于纽约的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席财务长迈克•迪瓦恩（Mike Devine）最近在一次会议上表示，正在酝酿一项举措。

in the pipeline“在运输中；在进行中；在准备中”。

B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。