山东大学考博英语2014年真题

山东大学考博英语2014年真题
(总分：95.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Part Ⅰ Grammar and Vocabulary (总题数：30，分数：15.00)
1.Most good writers use every means at their ______ to make the readers way smooth and easy.
（分数：0.50）
A.will
B.disposal √
C.request
D.convenience
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

没有at ones will的搭配，而是at will“任意，随意”；at ones disposal“可自行支配”；at ones request“应某人请求”；at ones convenience“在某人方便时”。

根据句意，只有B项符合题意。

2.John was so ______ in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.
（分数：0.50）
A.engaged
B.occupied
C.absorbed √
D.concentrated
解析：[解析] 近义词辨析。

absorbed“全神贯注的”，只用于表示精力的集中，多用作表语，有be absorbed
in(全神贯注于)这样一个搭配；concentrated“决心要做的，全力以赴的，集中的，密集的，浓缩的”，多用作定语。

concentrated表示精力的集中之意时，侧重于表示决心。

根据句中的was so的结构，absorbed更符合句意。

故答案为C。

3.Too much ______ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
（分数：0.50）
A.exposure
B.disclosure √
C.contact
D.connection
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

exposure“暴露，揭露”，与介词to连用，意为“暴露于……中”，符合题意。

manifestation “表示，显明”，revelation“泄露，启示”，attachment“连接物；附件”，这三项都不符合题意。

故答案为B。

4.And we maintain a reflexive, ______ affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with
interminable stories of a time we never knew.
（分数：0.50）
A.hateful
B.distanced √
C.loving
D.close glaring
解析：[解析] 形容词辨析。

根据空格前的形容词reflexive(反射式的)判定，空格应填入中性的形容词。

选项中，只有distanced(疏远的)符合要求。

故答案B。

5.______ a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a.m.
（分数：0.50）
A.Except
B.Barring √
C.Apart from
D.On account of
解析：[解析] 介词词义辨析。

根据句意，前半句表示一种假设，“倘若……”，选项中只有Barring符合句意，意为“倘若不误点的话……”。

故答案为B。

英语中有一部分介词，如including，during，according
to，past等，是从动词的分词(多为现在分词)形式转变而来，因此，被称之为分词介词。

6.If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot ______ his office.
（分数：0.50）
A.obtain
B.secure
C.have
D.retain √
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

根据句中If...is not done...，he cannot...双重否定表达，判定此处的意思是“保住职位”。

选项中，只有retain符合句意。

故答案为D。

7.Stores and supermarkets have been ______ with each other to attract customers.
（分数：0.50）
A.striving
B.vying √
C.conquering
D.sprouting
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

striving“奋斗；力争”，与介词for搭配；vying的动词原形为vie“使针锋相对；提出……来竞争；以……作较量”，与介词with搭配；conquering“战胜，征服”，一般为及物动词；sprouting“使发芽；使萌芽”。

根据空格后的介词with和句意判断只有vying符合要求。

故答案为B。

8.The boy was very naughty, his mother ______ punishment to make him obey.
（分数：0.50）
A.took advantage
B.made use
C.resorted to √
D.turned for
解析：[解析] 动词词组辨析。

took advantage“利用”，后接of；made use“利用”，后接of；resorted
to“诉诸……，采取措施”；turned for“逆转，转变”。

本句要表达妈妈用惩罚的方式让淘气的孩子规矩一些的意思，故答案为C。

9.If the heavy rain had ______ an extreme high tide, serious flooding would have resulted.
（分数：0.50）
A.happened to
B.occurred to
C.coincided with √
D.turned out
解析：[解析] 动词词组辨析。

happened to“碰巧”；occurred to“想到；想起”；coincided with“符合；与……相一致”；turned out“发生；最后是；结果是”。

根据句意“如果大雨和海啸一起出现的话，就会引起严重的洪水”，只有coincided with符合。

故答案为C。

10.The criminal was told he would be ______ from punishment if he said what he knew about the
murder.
（分数：0.50）
A.immune √
B.immigrant
C.imminent
D.infallible
解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。

根据if条件句提供的语境，此处表示“免除惩罚”，be immune from为。

A固定搭配，符合要求。

故答案为
11.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a ______ in the economy or a recession.
（分数：0.50）
A.concession
B.boom √
C.transmission
D.submission
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

根据句中的whether…or结构判断，空格应填入与recession意思相反的名词。

选项中，boom意为“繁荣”，符合句意。

故答案为B。

12.There is no ______ evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between
these two countries.
（分数：0.50）
A.tangible √
B.touchable
C.noticeable
D.inevitable
解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。

选项中的形容词只有能tangible与evidence构成“形容词+名词”的搭配，意为“确凿的证据”。

故答案为A。

13.The mountain peak is ______ on the horizon.
（分数：0.50）
A.straddling
B.overlooking
C.towering
D.dominant √
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

be dominant on意为“占主导”，此处意为“山峰耸立于海平线上”。

故答案为D。

14.14, All the investors in stocks must be ______ to the risks in such investment.
（分数：0.50）
A.realistic
B.alert √
C.accessible
D.awake
解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。

考生根据题干后半部分的内容the risks判断，空格填入的形容词应与risks对应，对比选项，只有alert符合句意，且能与to构成be alert to固定搭配。

故答案为B。

15.The excursion will give you an even deeper ______ into our language and culture.
（分数：0.50）
A.inquiry
B.investigation
C.input
D.insight √
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

give all insight into为固定搭配，意为“有机会深入；提供一个深入了解”。

故答案为D。

16.The Prime Minister denied that the president ______ any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea.
（分数：0.50）
A.kept silent about
B.was privy to √
C.was knowledgeable about
D.had a stake in
解析：[解析] 动词词组辨析。

kept silent about：“保持沉默”；was privy to“参与；对……知情”；was knowledgeable about“对……熟悉”；had a stake in“与……利害攸关”。

根据句中的denied判定，只有B项符合要求。

17.______ there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally.
（分数：0.50）
A.Over night
B.At dusk
C.In the dead of night √
D.Fortnight
解析：[解析] 词组短语辨析。

over night“过夜”；at dusk“傍晚；黄昏时刻”；in the dead of night“夜深人静之时”；fortnight“两星期”。

根据句中的there was not a soul判定，没人的时间应该是夜深人静的时候，只有C项符合逻辑。

18.With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national ______
park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is.
（分数：0.50）
A.overwhelming
B.appalling √
C.dominant
D.appealing
解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。

根据题干中30 to 50 billion dollars，9,000 miles提供的信息，此处是指这个park system巨大的花费是令人吃惊的，只有appalling(可怕的；令人震惊的)符合要求。

故答案为B。

19.The career I have chosen ______ opportunities yet it is fraught with heartbreak, despair and hardship.
（分数：0.50）
A.is laden with √
B.is lack of
C.is burdened with
D.is in want of
解析：[解析] 动词词组辨析。

根据句中的opportunities与heartbreak，despair and hardship意思相对，以及yet 的转折意思判断，空格应填入与is fraught with(对……充满)意思相近的词组。

选项中的is laden with意为“满载，充满”。

故答案为A。

20.Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to ______ old dogma, on an openness to see
the universe as it really is.
（分数：0.50）
A.encounter
B.convert
C.challenge √
D.formulate
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

根据句中的experiment，willingness，openness，really判断，空格应填入与see同类的动词。

选项中，只有challenge(挑战)符合句意。

故答案为C。

21.In the process of development we should ______ heart that social life is based on exchange.
（分数：0.50）
A.take from
B.take to
C.take for
√D.take in
解析：[解析] 动词词组辨析。

take from“降低；减少”；take to“喜欢；走向；开始从事”；take for“认为；以为”；take in“吸收；领会；理解”。

根据空格后的heart判断，只有take in能与之搭配。

故答案为D。

22.What makes basketball the most ______ of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.
（分数：0.50）
A.aspiring
B.intriguing √
C.conspiring
D.famous
解析：[解析] 动名词词义辨析。

根据句中的do not necessarily clash可知，空格处应填入褒义词，且能修饰sports。

选项中intriguing，famous为褒义词，但只有intriguing(有趣)符合句意。

故答案为B。

23.She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, ______ speak to a room of people.
（分数：0.50）
A.much less
B.much more √
C.still more
D.more or less
解析：[解析] 副词词组辨析。

根据句中too...to...的否定结构判定，a stranger与a room of people对比。

此处的意思：连向stranger问时间都不能，更何况是一屋子的人。

故答案为B(何况)。

24.A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a ______ instrument, but this would be
quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or blocks of stone.
（分数：0.50）
A.distinction
B.correction
C.precaution
D.precision √
解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。

balance为名词，意为“天平”，选项中的形容词只有precision(精确的)能与instrument(仪器)搭配。

故答案为D。

25.Motorcyclists should wear helmets to ______ them from injury.
（分数：0.50）
A.save
B.shield √
C.shelter
D.defend
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

save意为“使……免于受到……的损伤、损失或毁坏”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害，侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害；defend 指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。

用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。

根据句中的helmets(头盔)判断，shield符合要求。

故答案为B。

26.______ what has been said, it is unlike that population growth will be halted, either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.
（分数：0.50）
A.In view of √
B.On behalf of
C.For the sake of
D.With the exception of
解析：[解析] 介词词组辨析。

in view of“鉴于；考虑到”；on behalf of“代表；为了”；for the sake
of“由于，因为”；with the exception of“除了……以外”。

选项中只有in view of能与空格后的what。

A搭配。

故答案为has been said
27.This new book has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made
a just ______ of the book.
（分数：0.50）
A.calculation
B.evaluation √
C.profit
D.register
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

根据句中的but判定，空格应填入与reviews意思相近的名词。

选项中，evaluation意为“评估；估价”，符合句意。

故答案为B。

28.The spy gave General Washington a ______ report on enemy activities.
（分数：0.50）
A.confident
B.influential
C.confidential √
D.substantial
解析：[解析] 同根词辨析。

confident和confidential为同根词，均为名词confidence的派生形容词，但confident 表示“自信的”；而confidential表示“机密的”。

根据句中spy，enemy activities提供的语境，只有confidential 符合句意。

故答案为C。

29.Henrys news report covering the conference was so ______ that nothing had been omitted.
（分数：0.50）
prehensive √
prehensible
C.understanding
D.understandable
解析：[解析] 近义形容词辨析。

comprehensive“完全的，无所不包的”；comprehensible“能懂的，可以理解的”；understandable“可以理解的”，主要用来指人的行为。

understanding用来指人时，表示善于理解别人或别人问题的(人)。

根据句子的主语为人，可以修饰主语的形容词的只有comprehensive，意为“报道非常全面”。

故答案为A。

30.In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, ______ schooling begins at age 5 and ends
at age 16.
（分数：0.50）
pelling
B.forced
C.obliged
pulsory √
解析：[解析] 固定用法。

compulsory schooling为固定用法，意为“义务教育”。

故答案为D。

二、Part Ⅱ Cloze (总题数：1，分数：10.00)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved
in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 2 of legal controls over the
press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments
to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial
begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,
Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not
8 sufficient control. 9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges
12 to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to
privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges, he said. Witness payments became an 17
after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.（分数：10.00）
A.as to
B.for instance
C.in particular
D.such as √
解析：[解析] 语法知识。

as to“关于”，可以与连接词、连接代词或“连接副词+不定式”或名词连用；for instance “例如”，置于句中时前后应用逗号分开；in particular(=especially)“尤其是”。

such as表示举例，“像……这样的；诸如……这类”，且无逗号。

综上所述，从结构和语义上看，such as符合要求，故答案为D。

A.tightening √
B.intensifying
C.focusing
D.fastening
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

tightening(使坚固，变紧)与controls构成固定搭配。

故答案为A。

A.sketch
B.rough
C.preliminary
D.draft √
解析：[解析] 近义词辨析。

sketch“草图，素描”，通常指画家所做的草图或指简单的计划；rough“粗糙的，粗鲁的”，主要指物体表面凹凸不平或某人言谈举止比较粗鲁；preliminary“初步的，预备的”，通常指某些重大行动或重要问题的前期、初步准备；draft“草案，草稿”，draft bill是惯用搭配。

根据题意，bill是指在立法机关未通过之前，由立法委员会提出的法律草案，与draft构成搭配。

故答案为D。

A.illogical
B.illegal √
C.improbable
D.improper
解析：[解析] 形近词辨析。

选项中的形容词均以il-，im-开头，但词义不同。

illogical“不合逻辑的”；illegal“不合法的”；improbable“未必会的，不太可能的”；improper“不适当的”。

根据题意，making
payments to witnesses(向证人付款)显然是不合法的行为，故答案为B。

A.publicity √
B.penalty
C.popularity
D.peculiarity
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

根据上下文语义，此处是指“严格控制案件的宣传量”。

选项中，publicity(宣传，宣扬)符合语义。

故答案为A。

peculiarity意为“独特性；特色”。

A.since
B.if
C.before √
D.as
解析：[解析] 介词词义辨析。

由上题可知，本处是指“在庭审开始前”，before符合要求。

故答案为C。

A.sided
B.shared
plied
D.agreed √
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

根据上下文，此处是指Lord Irvine“同意”当年委员会的报告，agree与。

D搭配，意为“同意；赞成”。

故答案为with
A.present
B.offer √
C.manifest
D.indicate
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

present“呈递，提出”，其用法为present sb. with sth.或present sth.
to sb.；offer有“主动提出，提供”的意思；manifest“表明，征服”；indicate“指示；暗示”。

此处是指“自我管制未能提供足够的控制力”。

故答案为B。

A.Release
B.Publication √
C.Printing
D.Exposure
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

publication“发表，公开”，正好与letter‘搭配，指“那封信的发表”。

故答案为B。

release主要指释放犯人或免除某项义务。

A.storm √
B.rage
C.flare
D.flash
解析：[解析] storm指政治、市场方面的动荡，风暴；rage通常指人在失控时的爆发的愤怒；flare主要指火光或灯光的闪耀；。

flash主要指雷电或想法、念头的突然闪现；选项中与。

media protest(新闻媒体的抗议)相符合的只有storm。

故答案为A。

A.translation
B.interpretation √
C.exhibition
D.demonstration
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

translation“翻译”；interpretation“解释；阐明”；exhibition“展览”；demonstration “表明；论证”。

根据语义，“隐私权由法官解释而不是由议会解释”。

故答案为B。

A.better than
B.other than
C.rather than √
D.sooner than
解析：[解析] 词组辨析。

better than“比……更好”；other than“不同于；除了”；rather than“而不是”；sooner than“比……更早；比……更快”。

只有rather than符合语义。

故答案为C。

A.changes
B.makes √
C.sets
D.turns
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

结合下一空可知，这里考查的是“动词+名词(或代词)+形容词”这一固定结构。

选项中，只有make和turn属于这类动词，而根据上下文意，make为最佳选择。

故答案为B。

A.binding √
B.convincing
C.restraining
D.sustaining
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

make...binding的意思是“使……具有约束力”，与上下文相符合。

故答案为A。

A.authorized
B.credited
C.entitled √
D.qualified
解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。

be authorized to do sth.“被授权做某事”；be credited to sth.“归因于……”；be entitled to sth.“有权得到……”，be entitled to privacy是指“给予隐私权”。

故答案为C。

A.with √
B.to
C.from
D.by
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

be in safe hands with sb./sth.“因为有某人负责，……会很安全”，为固定搭配。

故答案为A。

A.impact
B.incident
C.inference
D.issue √
解析：[解析] 名词词义辨析。

impact“影响；冲击；冲突”；incident“小事件；插曲”；inference“推论；推理”；issue“问题；辩论”。

选项中，只有issue符合题意。

故答案为D。

A.stated
B.remarked
C.said √
D.told
解析：[解析] 固定搭配。

be said to do sth.为固定用法，意为“据说做了某事”。

故答案为C。

A.what
B.when
C.which
D.that √
解析：[解析] 语法知识。

that做连词引导同位语从句，说明先行词concerns。

故答案为D。

A.assure
B.confide
C.ensure √
D.guarantee
解析：[解析] 选项中，只有ensure能与guilty verdicts搭配。

故答案为C。

三、Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)
When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. Its Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Marylands laws against secret telephone taping. Its our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms. Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.
As an example of whats going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.
With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a
ree
trial offer had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through
their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.
Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They, didn know that the bank was giving
account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was
no.
The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did
anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed
to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks
decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms. And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.
You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields ransaction and experience information—mainly the details of
your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. Theyve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book.
Self-regulation doesn work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces
it?
Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that all personal information you supply
to us will be considered confidential. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims
that it doesn sell your data at all. It merely shares it and reaps a profit. Now you know.（分数：7.50）
(1).Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on peoples privacy ______.（分数：1.50）
A.is practiced exclusively by the FBI
B.is more prevalent in business circles √
C.has been intensified with the help of the IRS
D.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据题干关键词spying on peoples privacy定位到原文首段首句，题干中的popular belief 与原文中的we usually think对应。

原文中首段尾句中的our banks, not the Internal
Revenue Service(IRS)，that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms被选项B概括为business circle; outdoes the government every time与选项B中的is more prevalent对应。

故答案为B。

(2).We know from the passage that ______.（分数：1.50）
A.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information
B.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses
C.legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection
wmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers buying
habits √
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

第二段尾句legislators与选项D中的law-maker对应。

选项D中的are inclined
to与原文中的lean toward对应，inquire into customers buying habits与原文中的track our financial
habits对应，give a free hand与原文中的virtually at will对应。

故答案为D。

(3).When the
ree trial deadline is over, youll be charged without notice for a product or
service if ______.（分数：1.50）
A.you happen to reveal your credit card number
B.you fail to cancel it within the specified period √
C.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline
D.you find the product or service unsatisfactory
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据关键词free trial定位到原文第四段的第二、三句。

题干中without notice与原文第四段第三句中的automatically对应；选项B中的the specified period与原文第四段第二句中的30 days对应。

故答案为B。

(4).Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because
______.（分数：1.50）
A.it is considered ransaction and experience information unprotected by law
√B.it has always been considered an open secret by the general public
C.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation
D.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据关键词businesses，personal bank accounts定位到文章第八段。

首句提到企业利用你的个人账户获利，而你却几乎无法得到保护；再根据第八段第二、三句。

综合判断，选项B(这些信息被(企业)认为是不被法律保护的“交易往来”信息)正确。

(5).We can infer from the passage that ______.（分数：1.50）
A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business
B.
ree trial practice will eventually be banned
C.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced
D.consumers privacy will continue to be invaded √
解析：[解析] 细节推断题。

文章谈到现行法律对消费者没什么保护，当然消费者的利益会被继续侵犯，这与选项D相符。

故答案为D。

五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：2.50)
Whether the eyes are he windows of the soul is debatable, that they are intensely important
in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will
produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile,
nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes
as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American
four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals
that the proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined:
speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as
they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It
is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker
reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how
critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when
two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.（分数：2.50）
(1).The author is convinced that the eyes are ______.（分数：0.50）
A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas √
B.something through which one can see a persons inner world
C.of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
D.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

原文首段首句中的intensely important与选项A中的extreme importance对应；原文中的interpersonal communication与选项A中的expressing feelings and exchanging ideas同义，即眼睛在人际交往中起着十分重要的作用，这是无可争辩的事实。

故答案为A。

(2).Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ______.（分数：0.50）
A.whose front view is fully perceived
B.whose face is covered with a mask
C.whose face is seen from the side √
D.whose face is free of any covering
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据题干关键词smile定位到原文首段第二、三和四句。

A、B、D中所提到的几种人都可能
逗婴儿笑。

C项内容与第四句后半句will the sight of only one eye when the face is
presented in profile(脸侧对着孩子的人不会引起婴儿发笑)相符。

故答案为C。

(3).According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck
because ______.（分数：0.50）
A.they don like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
B.they need not communicate through eye contact
C.they don think it polite to have eye contact
D.they didn have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood √
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据题干关键词Japanese，partners neck与原文首段尾句中的Japan，on the
neck of ones conversation partner对应，据此定位。

其原因在上一句。

原文中的not acquire as much...as与选项D中的didn have much opportunity对应；attachment to eyes与选项D中的opportunity to
communicate through eye对应；babies与选项D中的babyhood对应。

故答案为D。

(4).According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ______.（分数：
0.50）
A.one temporarily glancing away from the other
B.eye contact of more than one second
C.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact √
D.constant adjustment of eye contact
解析：[解析] 细节推理题。

原文尾段第三句提到：当讲话人恢复与你的目光接触时，听话人一定要看着讲话人，否则人家会以为你对讲话不感兴趣而终止讲话，或者等到恢复目光接触后再讲下去。

故答案为C。

(5).To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ______.（分数：0.50）
A.not to wear dark spectacles √
B.not to make any interruptions
C.not to glance away from each other
D.not to make unpredictable pauses
解析：[解析] 事实细节题。

根据题干关键词conversation flowing smoothly与原文尾段尾句中的maintenance of conversational flow对应，据此定位。

原文中的wearing dark glasses与选项A中的wear dark spectacles对应，接着提到戴墨镜会带来的问题，所以最好不要带。

故答案为A。

六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：7.50)
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities don
count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react
to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter,
more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals
are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be
hired, paid well, and promoted.
Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary.
Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college
students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers—a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same
thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an
average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked
to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood
that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. perception,
common the up sum to use scientists social the that Sappho, from borrowed phrase, the In
what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers,
the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females
can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they
are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude
that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women
who may be less attractive.（分数：7.50）
(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager
______.（分数：1.50）
A.a persons property or debts do not matter much
B.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification √
C.women should always dress fashionably
D.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

文章第一段讲到人们普遍存在的错误的想法，认为美是肤浅的。

在管理层职位上一个人的外表不是那么重要，而实际上外表是一项很重要的条件。

并且文中第二段第二句有Looks do
matter, more than most of us realize，与选项B的意思相符。

故答案为B。

(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ______.（分数：1.50）
A.people do not realize the importance of looking ones best
B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C.goodlooking women aspire to managerial positions
D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not √
解析：[解析] 细节推理题。

根据题干中的The result of research与原文第四段中的Sappho，that the
social scientists对应，据此定位。

由第四段可知，外表越漂亮的人，排名越靠前，并得出美的就是好的。

故答案为D。

(3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain
attributes ______.（分数：1.50）
A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep
B.they do not usually act according to the views they support √
C.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings
D.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments
解析：[解析] 细节事实题。

根据题干关键词Experiments by scientists定位到原文第三段第一句。

原文中的mouthing pieties与选项B中的the views they support对应；原文中的acting与选项B中的act为同根词；原文中的just the contrary与选项B中的do not usually对应。

故答案为B。

(4).Good looks cut both ways for women (Line 1, Para. 5) means that ______.（分数：1.50）
A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B.goodlooking women always get the best of everything
C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women √
D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
解析：[解析] 语义题。

根据题干信息定位到原文尾段首句。

从下文的解释得知：根据犹他州立大学教授的解释：影响。