【K12教育资料】英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第二部分 重难增分篇 第二讲

第二讲 非谓语动词
第一课时 知识过关课
分类⎩⎨⎧不定式（主动/将来/具体）：He decided to work hard at English Ｗ.他决定努力学习英语。

－ing 形式⎩⎨⎧动名词（主动/习惯/抽象）：Learning is important to us.学习对我们很重要。

现在分词（主动/进行）：We stood there ，chatting Ｗ.我们站在那里聊天。

－ed 形式（过去分词）（被动/完成）：The novel written by Mo Yan is very popular.莫言那部小说很流行。

复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：
1.句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分)
2.时态和语态(以do 为例)
时态与语态的判断方法：
⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧时态：非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式；否则，就用一般式。

语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。

3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语
4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语
(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。

如ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(计划)，manage，do/try one’s best，make an attempt，learn(学习)，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，would like，should like，would prefer(希望、愿意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，make a decision，make up one’s mind(决定)，offer(主动提出)，apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford(负担得起)等。

(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。

如allow，permit(允许)，consider(考虑)，suggest，advise(建议)，keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate，enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive，pardon，excuse(原谅)，dislike(厌恶)，discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)，can’t stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然开始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(坚持)，delay(推迟，延误)，put off(推迟)，give up(放弃)，be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)等。

(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do(遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；can’t h elp to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。

(4)在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent/stop/keep...from doing(阻止……做……)；spend/waste time or money in doing(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How/What about doing sth(做……怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做……方面有些困
难)；have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难)；there is no sense in doing(做……是没有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。

(5)to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望)，devote...to/be devoted to(致力于)，be/get used to(习惯)，lead to(导致)，get down to(开始认真)，pay attention to(注意)，refer to(谈到)，point to(指向)，turn to(转向)，object to(反对)，be equal to(等于，能胜任)，belong to(属于)等。

(6)在表示“需要”的need，want，require等后用v.－ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。

(7)在make，let，have(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。

在hear，see，watch等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上to。

此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，v.－ing表示“令人……的”事物；v.－ed表示“感到……的”。

如：surprising令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃惊的。

读语篇，悟语法。

反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。

思考：是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。

Good afternoon，Ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce[1] this English speech contest.As we all know，to master[2]a foreign language is very important for us.Taking part[3]in English speech is a helpful way to learn English[4].Everyone wants to show[5] their best.When we have been preparing for it，we can improve our listening and speaking[6] ability，developing[7] a good habit of learning English[8].
In the process of the competition，you should pay attention to the rules made by us[9].First，you should make your voice heard[10]clearly by everyone，so reading aloud[11] is very necessary.Second，you should try your best to express[12] yourself in English fluently.Finally，you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied[13] with our performance.Thank you！
1.to introduce this English speech contest是不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。

2.to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。

3.Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作主语。

4.to learn English是不定式作定语，修饰way。

5.to show their best是不定式作宾语，在want，hope，decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。

6.listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。

7.developing a good habit of learning English是现在分词短语作状语。

8.learning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。

9.made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。

10.heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作宾补。

11.reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。

12.to express yourself in English fluently是不定式作目的状语。

13.satisfied是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的”。

Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)
1.Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing(wear)sunglasses.
2.I noticed a man sitting(sit)at the front.
3.He spat it out，saying(say) it was awful.
4.She wished that he was as easy to please(please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.
5.For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop to help(help) it grow”，is based on the following story.
6.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.
7.His first book to be published(publish) next month is based on a true story.
8.Lydia doesn’t feel like studying(study) abroad.Her parents are old.
9.Sarah pretended to be cheerful，saying(say) nothing about the argument.
10.I had great difficulty finding(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
11.It rained heavily in the south，causing(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
12.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
13.I can’t stand working(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to stop(stop) talking while she works.
14.As a result of the serious flood，two－thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to be repaired(repair).
15.Isn’t it time you got down to marking(mark) the papers?
16.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting(set) up some schools for poor children.
17.Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
18.Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.
19.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy had got a chance to become famous.
20.Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left.
21.Alexander tried to get his work recognized(recognize) in the medical circles.
22.A great number of students questioned(question) said they were forced to practise the piano.
Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。

)
动词不定式
1.He managed escape from the fire.在manage后加to
2.Nothing will make me to change my mind.去掉to
3.Mary doesn’t have to be made learn because she always works hard.在be made后加to
4.He hurried to the train station，only find the train had gone.在find前加to
5.Tired from work，he wants to do nothing but to watch TV.去掉watch前的to
6.At present，I have no choice but wait.在but后加to
7.You feel stressed out.Why not having a chat with our teachers？having→have
8.I don’t think it possible to mastering a foreign language without much memory work.mastering→master
9.I’ve worked with children before，so I know what expect in my new job.在expect 前加to
10.All of you can have another try if you want.在want后加to
动词-ing形式
11.In our city，there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food.去掉that/serving→serve
12.You can’t imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century.excited→exciting
13.Sit beside me，my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she experienced in her dream.Sit→Sitting
14.We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up.去掉waiting前的to
15.On the Dragon Boat Festival，we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat race.watched→watching
16.It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it.copy→copying
17.Missing the train mean waiting for another hour.mean→means
18.The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age.increase→increasing
19.As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test，he spends most of his time improve this problem－solving ability.improve→improving
20.It is reported that the hurricane caused great damage to the constructions of the town，with tens of hundreds of houses destroyed by the fallen trees.fallen→falling 动词-ed形式
21.Now when people refer to England you find Wales including as
well.including→included
22.Exhausting，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhausting→Exhausted
23.The paintings being stolen from the museum haven’t been found.去掉stolen前的being
24.The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind.tying→tied
25.Mr.Smith，tired of the bored speech，started to read a novel.bored→boring
26.Seeing from the space，the earth looks blue.Seeing→Seen
27.The architects inviting by the king thought highly of the bridge built，and gave more suggestions before it was finished.inviting→invited；在built前加being
28.Keep in refrigerator，these vegetables will remain fresh.Keep→Kept
29.Do you think the workers can get the job finishing on time？finishing→finished
30.We hear it say frequently that what now people most desire is security.say→said Ⅲ.语篇填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空)
1. (fall) in love with a beautiful lady，a lion went to her parents and asked them
2. (marry) her to him.The old parents did not know what to say.
Not 3. (hope) to give their daughter to the lion，they did not want 4. (anger) the king of beasts.
At last the father said，“We are glad 5. (marry) our daughter to you，but we fear that you might possibly hurt her.So 6. (remove) your claws and teeth，you can marry her.”
7. (love) the lady very much，the lion trimmed(修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth.8. (come) to the parents again，he was simply laughed in his face.9. (beat) out of the house，the lion felt 10. (depress) and died soon.
【语篇导读】这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。

寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。

1.Falling[a lion与fall是主动关系，用v.－ing形式作状语，表示原因。

]
2.to marry[ask sb to do sth，不定式作宾补。

]
3.hoping[they与hope是主动关系，用v.－ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didn’t hope to...]
4.to anger[want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。

]
5.to marry[在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。

]
6.removing[you与remove是主动关系，用v.－ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove...。

]
7.Loving[the lion与love是主动关系，用v.－ing形式作状语，表示原因。

]
ing[he与come是主动关系，用v.－ing形式作伴随状语。

]
9.Beaten[the lion与beat是被动关系，用v.－ed形式作状语，表示原因。

]
10.depressed[表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v.－ed形式作表语。

]
第二课时高考研究课
非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点
规律方法
“4步法”轻松搞定语法填空
►第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语
分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。

如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。

►第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分
根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。

►第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态
如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，则用v.－ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系，则用v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。

►第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v.－ing形式的一般式。

真题验证1
1.This included digging up the road，(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案laying[laying和句中的digging up, building并列，作include的宾语。

] 2.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案to process[require sb to do sth要求某人做某事。

]
3.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案eating[by在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后接动词－ing形式作宾语。

] 4.But unlike her school friends，16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term (rest).Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as a model in New York.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案resting[spend time (in) doing花费时间做某事，为固定句型。

]
5.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案to prove[根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语。

] 6.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook)a meal.(2017·浙江卷)
答案to cook[根据句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remove，故此处用不定式作目的状语。

]
7.My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案introducing[动名词introducing作include的宾语。

]
8.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案to bring[be likely to do...有可能做……，为固定句型。

]
9.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案using[介词后常常用动名词形式作宾语。

]
10.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案to cool[be＋adj.＋enough to do足够……可以做，为固定句型。

]
11.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案living[live和people之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。

]
12.Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案conducted[conduct与其所修饰的名称study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

]
非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查点
规律方法
1.正确分析句子结构。

如果句中已有谓语动词，那么另外一个动词在无连词的情况下要改为非谓语动词。

2.根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，判断非谓语动词的形式。

3.确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。

4.牢记一些常用搭配。

5.介词后常常使用动名词作宾语。

真题验证2
1.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案wear→wearing[介词后应使用动名词作宾语。

]
2.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案looks→looking[介词后应使用动名词作宾语。

]
3.We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015·四川卷)
答案sing→singing[spend time (in) doing...为固定句型。

]
4.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江卷)
答案sit→sitting[enjoy后常常接动名词作宾语。

]
5.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.(陕西卷)
答案have→having[句中谓语动词为sat，且句中无连词，故have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

]
6.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(全国卷Ⅱ)
答案Have→Having[谓语动词为provides，根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动名词having作主语。

]
第三课时写作增分课
非谓语动词在写作中的增分点
一、用不定式或动名词作主语写句子
1.如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是一件必须的事情。

(be admitted to a key college, learn English well, a must)
Learning English well is a must if you want to be admitted to a key college.(也可用To learn。

用Learning时句子表达的是一般常识；用To learn, you指的是具体的一个人)
2.经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。

(take exercise regularly, do a lot of good to, learn more effectively)
Taking exercise regularly will do a lot of good to our health, which can also help us learn more effectively.
3.现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。

(drop out of school, regret)
To drop out of school now is not a good idea, for which you will regret in the future.
二、用非谓语动词作表语写句子
1.我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。

(hobby)
My hobbies are listening to music and playing football.
2.我的职责是照看所有这些花。

(duty, take care of)
My duty is taking care of all these flowers.
3.我的梦想是上重点大学。

(dream, go to a key college)
My dream is to go to a key college.
三、用不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语写句子
1.我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人。

(determine, do one’s best, catch up with others)
I determined to try my best to catch up with others.
2.由于下雨，我没能按时到达那里。

(because of, fail)
Because of the rain, I failed to get there on time.
3.能快点收到你的回复，我将不胜感激。

(appreciate doing something, receive your reply)
I would appreciate receiving your reply soon./I would appreciate it if I could receive your reply soon.
4.我向我们的老师求助，他建议我每天练习说英语。

(turn to somebody for help, suggest, practice, speak English)
I turned to our teacher for help, and he suggested practicing speaking English every day.
5.为什么不试着坐火车去旅行呢？坐火车既舒适又安全。

(why not, try doing, comfortable and safe)
Why not try travelling on a train? It’s comfortable and safe.
6.我想集中注意力学习，但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这个事。

(concentrate on, can’t help, keep on thinking about it)
I try to concentrate on my studies, but I can’t help keeping on thinking about it all day.
7.除去向你求助，我别无选择。

(have no choice, but, turn to)
I have no choice but to turn to you for help./I have nothing to do but turn to you for help.
8.我盼望快点收到你的来信。

(look forward to, hear from)
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
9.当谈到学英语，每个人都有自己的方法。

(when it comes to, method)
When it comes to learning English, everyone has his own method.
四、用非谓语动词作定语写句子
1.解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。

(the best way, solve the problem, depend on)
The best way to solve the problem is to depend on yourself.
2.有许多人认为学生在学校不应带手机。

(there be, take...with them at school)
The re are many people thinking that students shouldn’t take cell phones with them at school.
3.仍有许多问题有待解决。

(there be, remain to be done)
There are many problems remaining to be solved.
4.我写信申请昨天《中国日报》上所登广告的那个职位。

(apply for the position, advertise)
I am writing to apply for the position advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.
5.三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意。

(two thirds, interview, in favor of) Two thirds of the students interviewed say they are in favor of the idea.
五、使用非谓语动词作状语，轻松写高级句式
1.因此，他这次考试考得非常好，在班级排第一名。

(as a result, rank first)
As a result, he did very well in the exam, ranking first in his class.
2.我相信，你要赶上别人，不会有什么困难。

(have trouble, catch up with)
I am sure you will have no trouble catching up with others.
3.每节课你都应当认真听讲，尽力不要错过任何要点。

(listen with full attention, try to, miss any point)
In every lesson, you should listen with full attention, trying not to miss any point.
4.我每天夜里睡得都很晚，在为即将到来的考试做准备。

(stay up late, make preparations for, the coming exams)
I stayed up late every night, making preparations for the coming exams.
5.再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。

(give me another chance)
Given another chance, I can do better./Give me another chance, and I can do better. 6.面对这样一个问题，我不知道该怎么办。

(facing/faced with, at a loss)
Faced with/Facing such a problem, I am at a loss what to do.
六、使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语写句子
1.在你离开的时候，不要让(自来)水流着。

(leave the water running)
Don’t leave the water running when you leave.
2.我将派人去机场接你。

(have someone do something, pick up)
I will have someone pick you up at the airport.
3.我们要求采取更多的措施来阻止这样的事情再次发生。

(ask more to, prevent...from)
We ask more to be done to prevent such things from happening again.
七、用非谓语动词的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式写句子
1.由于没有经常给你写信，我应向你道歉。

(owe you an apology)
I owe you an apology for not writing more often.
2.不知道该怎么办，我向我们的老师求助。

(turn to sb for help)
Not knowing what to do, I turned to our teacher for help.
3.我后悔没有听我们老师的建议。

(regret, follow one’s advice)
I regret not following/having followed my teacher’s advice.
4.我考试不及格使我的父母非常生气。

(failing the exam)
My failing the exam made my parents very angry.
5.我碰巧也去过那里。

(happen to, have been there)
I happened to have been there before.
八、运用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式
1.上周六没有课，我们去参观了长城。

(there be, pay a visit to)
There being no classes last Saturday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
2.我们的校园非常美丽，花儿香，鸟儿唱。

(schoolyard, smell sweet, sing happily) Our schoolyard is very beautiful, flowers smelling sweet and birds singing happily.
3.天气很糟，我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划。

(weather, give up, the top of the mount)
The weather being bad, we had to give up the plan to climb up the top of the mount.
4.每天有如此多的作业要做，我感到身心疲惫。

(with, assignment，exhausted, physically and mentally)
With so many assignments to complete every day, I feel exhausted physically and mentally.
九、用动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构写句子
1.我想学法律专业，但我的父母却坚持让我学医。

(major in, insist on, medicine)
I would like to major in law, but my parents insist on me/my learning medicine.
2.我还清楚地记得你带着我们参观你们城市的情形，我真的很感激。

(remember, show around, appreciate)
I still remember clearly your/you showing us around your city and I really appreciate it.
3.他没通过考试使他这几天很不高兴。

(failing to pass the exam, make sb upset) His failing to pass the exam made him upset these days.
4.我们多读点英文故事书的这个建议是解决我们问题的最好办法。

(suggestion of, perfect solution to)
The suggestion of us/our reading more English story books is a perfect solution to our problems.
5.如果能为我约定个时间，我将不胜感激。

(appreciate doing, make an appointment for)
I would appreciate you/your making an appointment for me.
6.你给我如此多实用的建议真是太好了。

(it’s kind, so many practical suggestions) It’s very kind of you to give me so many practical suggestions.。