安徽省马鞍山市第二中学2023-2024学年高二上学期阶段检测(10月)英语试题(解析版)

马鞍山二中2023-2024学年高二年级阶段检测(10月)英语试题
英语
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What will the speakers probably do?
A. Have a walk.
B. Ride a bike.
C. Go swimming.
2. Who is the man talking to?
A. His doctor.
B. His teacher.
C. His classmate.
3. Why does the woman prefer to go by car?
A. It is convenient.
B. It is cheap.
C. It is fast.
4. What time does it probably get dark in summer according to the man?
A. At5:00 p. m.
B. At 6:00 p. m.
C. At 7:00 p. m.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The long working hours.
B. An accident near the bridge.
C. Traffic problems caused by construction.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Which part of Italy is the man going to study in?
A. The south.
B. The north.
C. The center.
7. What does the woman recommend the man to do?
A. Stay in a hotel.
B. Live in her friend’s place.
C. Ask people on social media.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. How many dogs did the woman rescue?
A. Four.
B. Six.
C. Eight.
9. What does the man probably do for a living?
A. He is a journalist.
B. He is a dog walker.
C. He is a photographer.
10. What is the woman doing?
A. Walking her dog.
B. Feeding her dog.
C. Selling her dog.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What is the woman’s opinion about Spanish?
A. It is a useful language.
B. It is difficult to pronounce.
C. Its grammar is easy to learn.
12. Where was the woman’s grandmother born?
A. In China.
B. In Russia.
C. In England.
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Father and daughter.
C. Teacher and student.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. What are the woman’s shoes like?
A. Flat.
B. High.
C. Colorful.
15. Why does the woman like her shoes?
A. They are practical.
B. They are popular.
C. They are beautiful.
16. What can the woman obtain by her shoes?
A. Balance.
B. Comfort.
C. Confidence.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。

17. What was the speaker most satisfied with in the forest?
A. The meals.
B. The living place.
C. The weather.
18 What did the speaker enjoy doing?
A. Collecting information for a map.
B. Clearing the path in the forest.
C. Guiding tourists.
19. What sound made the speaker surprised in the morning?
A. The birds’ singing.
B. The rabbits’ running around.
C. The wind’s blowing through the grass.
20. What does one need to prepare for the trip?
A. A tent.
B. Special boots.
C. The flight fare.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Wales is home to some of the UK's most beautiful drives.Narrow lanes criss-cross the land. meaning travel can be slow-but there's no need to rush.
The Coastal Way
This route(路线）covers the entire length of Cardigan Bay, and spoils travelers with its remote beaches and charming seaside towns.
Comb the sand for fossils,shells at Aberdaron Beach,and then hit the road,heading cast toward Porthmadog. Here you can hop on a heritage steam train, a relic of the region's mining history,to give Snowdonia's skyline your undivided attention.
The Cambrian Way
The Cambrian Way, which cuts north to south through the heart of Wales, is a fantastic place, thanks to its patchwork fields, dense forests and rolling, sheep-dotted hills.
The route becomes increasingly wild and rough as it weaves north into Powys. Spend the night in Rhayader, and you'll need plenty of energy for hiking or mountain biking along the trails.
The North Wales Way
Spanning Wales' short but scenic north coast, this route offers road trippers a chance to encounter Welsh history, language and culture in a splendid setting.
Head west through the uncrowded Clwydian Hills until you reach Ruthin, a little town brimming with history,where you can see its restored castle, century-spanning museum and Victorian Ruthin Gaol. Border Country Tracing the dotted line that separates England and Wales on a map,this border-hugging route will take you to some of Wales' most underrated sites slowly, if you stick to the narrow back roads.
Starting in the border town of Chepstow in Southeast Wales,make your way northward.You can top to admire the roofless ruins of Tintern Abbey and lesser known castes Skenfrith and Grosmont
1. Which route best suits people who enjoy mountain scenery?
A. The Coastal Way.
B. The Cambrian Way.
C. The North Wales Way
D. Border Country.
2. What is special about The North Wales Way?
A. It enables travelers to visit a castle.
B. It is an area of scenic beauty.
C. It offers a glimpse into Welsh culture.
D. It is a crowd-free escape from big cities.
3. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To introduce road trips in Wales.
B. To introduce the Welsh landscape.
C. To tell about Wales' history.
D. To advertise Wales 'tourism industry.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。

威尔士拥有英国的一些最美丽的车道，本文介绍了四条不同的风景参观线路，供游客参观。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据“The Cambrian Way”部分“The Cambrian Way,which cuts north to south through the heart of Wales, is a fantastic place, thanks to its patchwork fields, dense forests and rolling, sheep-dotted hills.”（寒武纪之路，从北到南穿过威尔士的中心，由于它错落有致的田野，茂密的森林，绵延起伏的山丘，是一个奇妙的地方。

）可知，在The Cambrian Way，游客可以看到绵延起伏的山丘。

选项B符合题意，故选B。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据“The North Wales Way”部分中“Spanning Wales' short but scenic north coast, this route offers road trippers a chance to encounter Welsh history, language and culture in a splendid setting. ” （横跨威尔士短小但风景优美的北部海岸，这条路线为公路旅行者提供了一个机会，在一个壮丽的环境中接触威尔士的历史，语言和文化。

）可知，这条路线可以帮助人们了解威尔士的文化，选项C符合题意，故选C。

【3题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第一段“Wales is home to some of the UK's most beautiful drives.Narrow lanes criss-cross the land. meaning travel can be slow-but there's no need to rush.”（威尔士是英国最美的地方之一，狭窄
的车道纵横交错。

也就是说旅行可能会很慢，但是没有必要匆忙。

）提到了威尔士美在于其狭窄的车道纵
横交错，同时结合下面段落中对威尔士的四条不同的风景参观线路的介绍，可知文章主要介绍了威尔士四条不同的供游客参观风景线路。

选项A符合题意，故选A。

B
Smoking is even a tradition in Chinese celebrations. At my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. I had said to my wife, Ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “But it’s traditional,” she replied, “People would think we were mean if we don’t!”
Over the years I’ve been given cigarettes as gifts and have always handed them straight back. This might make me look ungrateful in Chinese eyes, but I can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.
This year the university I work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. As my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, I thought they would be in favor of such a move, but I was wrong. Many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.
When I pointed out to them that cigarettes do harm not only to those smoking themselves, but even to those breathing in second hand smoke, the argument was dismissed with a wave. “Those studies aren’t conclusive”, one doctor replied. “Besides, my grandmother told me that smoking is manly.” Tempting(诱人的) as it was to ask if she was also a doctor, I let the argument go and went off in search of some fresh air.
4. Which of the following is a consequence of smoking according to the author?
A. It will leave you breathless.
B. People believe you are mean.
C. People think you are ungrateful.
D. It will make your smell unpleasant.
5. What attitude do many of the author’s students have towards the entire campus “smoke free”?
A. Objective.
B. Unconcerned.
C. Negative.
D. Positive.
6. What does the underlined word “depriving” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Robbing.
B. Accusing.
C. Informing.
D. Reminding.
7. In which column of a newspaper is this text probably found?
A. Technology.
B. Entertainment.
C. Art.
D. Life.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者讲述了他自己对于吸烟及把香烟作为礼物送给别人的看法，并介绍了他在他们学校发起的一个无烟校园运动。

【4题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段“...but I can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.(但我不明白送别人一个这样的礼物背后的逻辑，这个礼物会让他们闻起来很难闻，有难闻的口气，更糟糕的是还会害死他们)”可知，作者认为吸烟会使人散发难闻气味是吸烟带来的一个后果。

故选D项。

【5题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段“As my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, I thought they would be in favor of such a move, but I was wrong. Many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.(由于我的学生要么是在读研究生的医生，要么是即将成为医生的医学生，我以为他们会赞成这样的举动，但我错了。

他们中的许多人向我抱怨说，他们认为这剥夺了他们的公民权利，他们应该被允许在他们喜欢的时间和地点吸烟)”可知，他的学生们对他这一做法是否定态度的。

故选C项。

【6题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据上文“This year the university I work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. As my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, I thought they would be in favor of such a move, but I was wrong. Many of them have complained to me...(今年，我所在的大学迈出了大胆的一步，使整个校园“无烟”。

由于我的学生要么是在读研究生的医生，要么是即将成为医生的医学生，我以为他们会赞成这样的举动，但我错了。

他们中的许多人向我抱怨...)”及下文“that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.(他们应该被允许在他们喜欢的时间和地点吸烟)”可知，这些学生认为他们应该被允许随意吸烟，所以他们会认为我的做法是对他们权利的剥夺，由此可知划线词的意思和rob意义相近。

故选A项。

【7题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段“Smoking is even a tradition in Chinese celebrations. At my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. I had said to my wife, Ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “But it’s traditional,” she replied, “People would think we were mean if we don’t!”(吸烟甚至是中国人庆祝活动中的一个传统。

在我的婚礼上，我们把传统的
糖果分发给来参加婚礼的人。

我曾对我的妻子艾伦说过，分发香烟是错误的，因为这只会鼓励人们继续这
个致命的习惯。

她回答说：‘但这是传统，如果我们不这么做，人们会认为我们很吝啬!’)”并结合全文
可知，本文从自己生活及工作中的吸烟问题阐述事实及自己的观点。

由此可知，本文主题不是娱乐，科技
或艺术，应该是生活栏目。

故选D项。

C
Chinese food is well received by the world. Who doesn’t long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic(滋补)food”.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油)hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”, while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry(枸杞), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
8 What is the present situation of tonic food?
A. It is catching less attention.
B. It is enjoyed by many young people.
C. It is well-known worldwide.
D. It is becoming increasingly popular.
9. What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A. Chinese cabbage.
B. Fruit tea.
C. Fish soup.
D. Sesame oil hot pot.
10. Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A. Medicine.
B. Restaurant.
C. Manufacture.
D. Agriculture.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
B. The Popularity of Tonic Food
C. An Introduction of Chinese Tonic Food
D. Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了中国传统滋补品的现状，功效以及滋补品对现代餐饮业的影响。

【8题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic(滋补)food”.”（但关于中餐，有一个有趣的概念在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人也越来越忽视它——那就是“滋补”的古老习俗。

）可知，滋补食品它引起的关注越来越少。

故选A项。

【9题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油)hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.”（例如，新妈妈在产后的第一个月里每天吃麻油火锅曾经是一种习俗。

人们相信这道菜对肌肉有益，减轻疼痛，促进血液循环，刺激出汗，温暖身体。

）可知，人们认为麻油火锅对新妈妈有好处。

故选D项。

【10题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据第三段中“Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry(枸杞), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.”（在许多餐馆的菜单上都可以找到枸杞等中草药，它们要么被添加到果茶中，要么被作为有益的添加剂添加到菜肴中。

这些草药吸引了顾客，比如工作过度的办公室职员，他们需要适度的提神。

）由此可知，此处为使用滋补食品以健康生活的习俗也影响了餐饮
业。

故可猜测划线单词catering为“餐饮”的意思，结合选项B项Restaurant“餐饮，餐厅”意思一致。

故选B项。

【11题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章大意以及第一段中“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic(滋补)food”.”（但关于中餐，有一个有趣概念在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人也越
的
来越忽视它——那就是“滋补”的古老习俗。

）可知，文章主要介绍了正日益被东方年轻人说忽视的中国
的补品。

故文章最适合的标题是“中国滋补食品简介”。

故选C项。

D
A six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn (独角兽) in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first.
Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”
Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions. Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.
“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,” Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”
Mayeda told the Washington Post that this is the first time the department has received a request for a license for a unicorn or any mythical creature. They were impressed with the first-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death” issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. So Madeline’s letter has considerably brightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.
12. Why did Madeline write the letter?
A. To apply to visit a unicorn.
B. To ask permission to keep a pet.
C. To learn to provide animal care.
D. To figure out how to find a unicorn.
13. What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A. Her application was disapproved.
B. She was presented with a live unicorn.
C. Requirements should be met for the license.
D. Guidance was given for her search.
14. Which of the following best describes Mayeda?
A. Imaginative.
B. Convincing.
C. Indifferent.
D. Understanding.
15. Why does the department think the letter “has brightened their spirits”?
A. Because they are touched with the girl’s deeds.
B. Because animal protection is a life-and-death issue.
C. Because they are worn out with their daily work.
D. Because it is the first application letter for a pet.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了六岁女孩Madeline渴望在后院养一只独角兽，并向洛杉矶郡动物保护和控制部门提出了正式的养独角兽许可申请，该部门的负责人Mayeda回复了玛德琳的信，提出了一些关于照顾独角兽的条件，并送给她一只玩具独角兽作为陪伴。

【12题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中“Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. (亲爱的洛杉矶郡，如果我能找到独角兽，我希望你能批准我在后院养一只独角兽)”可知，Madeline写这封信是为了请求允许养宠物。

故选B项。

【13题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段中“The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions. Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. (她说，在某些条件下，该部门确实会给独角兽发放许可证。

这些条件包括每月至少用软布擦拭独角兽的角一次，每周至少喂它一次西瓜，只给它盖上闪闪发光的东西，定期让它接触阳光、月光和彩虹)”可推知，要想得到养独角兽的许可证，必须满足一系列特定的要求。

故选C项。

【14题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段中“And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation. (而且，由于独角兽确实非常罕见，该部门还送给Madeline一只玩具独角兽，让她在寻找的过程中陪伴她，以表示欣赏)”可知，该部门特地送给Madeline玩具独角兽，给予她寻找过程中的陪伴。

由此可知，作为该部门负责人的Mayeda
应该是善解人意的。

故选D项。

【15题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段中“They were impressed with the first-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death” issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. (他们对这个一年级的学生印象深刻，因为她一开始就想要征求许可，并做了调查来找出如何做到这一点。

她和她的同事们在工作中处理了很多“生死攸关”的问题，无论是看到动物虐待或动物伤害人类的案例，还是做出必须杀死危险或生病动物的决定)”可知，Madeline
为了养独角兽，考虑的非常周全，付出了心思。

由此可知，她的行为会让经常处理动物“生死攸关”问题的他们感动，认为这封信“使他们精神振奋”。

故选A项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Children are naturally curious beings. ___16___ Teachers and parents often find themselves making use of rewards in the form of stars, promises of high grades and wonderful careers, or threats of punishment. But what if rewards and threats aren’t the answer?
Natural curiosity is sometimes referred to as “inner motivation”. ___17___ And it’s easy to understand why
it’s hard to study something we aren’t actively engaged with, and if we’re passionate about the information we’re digesting, it feels more fulfilling.
External motivation, things like rewards and punishment, does have its uses too. Praise and stimulation based
on achieving good grades or fear of punishment has been acknowledged to motivate older students. ___18___ So, if it’s the case that natural curiosity is motivation for better learning, how can we stimulate that interest?
___19___ Let children see their learning as their own thing and give them a bit more choice of what and how they learn. For example, if you want to teach children to read, let them choose which book they use. Whether it’s a graphic novel, TV guide or classic literature, the aim of stimulating their appetite for reading is achieved.
Likewise, build a relationship with children as learners and listen to their negative feelings. If they are unwilling to get involved in an activity, don’t rush to use threats or rewards. Try to find out why. Perhaps it’s
simply because they feel the activity boring. ___20___
All in all, the answer to motivating children, especially the young ones, comes from inspiring their inner motivation. Once their inner motivation is generated, the children will be fired up.
A. The key is to allow some degree of freedom.
B. Children who see learning as fun are better at it.
C. It doesn’t have as much effect at an early age, though.
D. Then explain its value, even if it doesn’t seem appealing.
E. It’s unapparent whether they lack inner or external motivation.
F. Even top students have days when they aren’t motivated for learning.
G. But getting them to study what they aren’t interested in can be a tricky task.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了如何让孩子对学习感兴趣的方法。

【16题详解】
根据上文“Children are naturally curious beings.(孩子们天生好奇)”以及后文“Teachers and parents often find themselves making use of rewards in the form of stars, promises of high grades and wonderful careers, or threats of punishment. But what if rewards and threats aren’t the answer?(老师和家长经常发现自己利用星星、高分和美好事业的承诺或惩罚的威胁等形式的奖励。

但如果奖励和威胁不是解决办法呢？)”可知，后文提到老师和家长需要依靠一些奖惩手段来让孩子学习，说明本句与上文构成转折，指出让孩子学习不敢兴趣的东西很困难，G选项中them指代上文Children。

故G选项“但是让他们学习他们不感兴趣的东西可能是一项棘
手的任务”符合语境，故选G。

【17题详解】
根据上文“Natural curiosity is sometimes referred to as “inner motivation”.(天生的好奇心有时被称为“内在动机”)”以及后文“And it’s easy to understand why it’s hard to study something we aren’t actively engaged with, and if we’re passionate about the information we’re digesting, it feels more fulfilling.(我们很容易理解为什么学习一些我们没有积极参与的东西是很难的，如果我们对我们正在消化的信息充满热情，就会感到更有成就感)”可知，后文解释了为什么学习一些我们没有积极参与的东西是很难的，可见让孩子主动学习需要激起孩子学习的乐趣，故B选项“把学习视为乐趣的孩子更擅长学习”符合语境，故选B。

【18题详解】
根据上文“External motivation, things like rewards and punishment, does have its uses too. Praise and stimulation based on achieving good grades or fear of punishment has been acknowledged to motivate older students.(外部动机，比如奖励和惩罚，也有它的用处。

在取得好成绩或害怕受到惩罚的基础上给予表扬和激励，已经被认为是对年长学生的激励)”以及后文“So, if it’s the case that natural curiosity is motivation for better learning, how can we stimulate that interest?(所以，如果天生的好奇心是更好学习的动力，我们该如何激发这种兴趣呢？)”可知，后文提到了给予惩罚和奖励可以激励年长学生，可知本句旨在说明惩罚和奖励在孩子早期时的作用，故C选项“尽管它在早期没有那么大的影响”符合语境，故选C。

【19题详解】
根据后文“Let children see their learning as their own thing and give them a bit more choice of what and how they learn. For example, if you want to teach children to read, let them choose which book they use. Whether it’s a graphic novel, TV guide or classic literature, the aim of stimulating their appetite for reading is achieved.(让孩子把学习看作是他们自己的事情，在学习什么和如何学习方面给他们更多一点的选择。

例如，如果你想教孩子们阅读，让他们选择他们使用的书。

无论是漫画小说、电视指南还是经典文学，激发他们阅读欲望的目的已经实现了)”可知，本段的主旨是给予孩子更多一点的选择，即“允许一定程度的自由”。

故A选项“关键是允许一定程度的自由”符合语境，故选A。

【20题详解】
根据上文“Likewise, build a relationship with children as learners and listen to their negative feelings. If they are unwilling to get involved in an activity, don’t rush to use threats or rewards. Try to find out why. Perhaps it’s simply because they feel the activity boring.(同样地，与作为学习者的孩子建立一种关系，倾听他们的消极感受。

如果他们不愿意参与一项活动，不要急于使用威胁或奖励。

试着找出原因。

也许只是因为他们觉得这个活动很无聊)”可知，本句承接上文，说明找出原因的过程，D选项中it指代上文the activity。

故D选项“然后解释它的价值，即使它看起来不吸引人”符合语境，故选D。

第三部分：语言知识与应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I love wildlife. So when my friend said that we had a chance to ____21____ brown bears in the High Tatras, I didn’t think twice about it, and we ____22____ arrangements to go the following week.
The trip was a great ____23____! We walked for hours and stayed in a ____24____ mountain hut (小屋) which was usually reserved for park rangers. It actually took us some trouble even to locate it. As soon as we arrived, our guide ____25____ to us that we would be fully integrated (融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the ____26____ of bears wearing GPS transmitters. On the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and, after ____27____ some warm clothes, set off into the forest. Our guide walked very ____28____ and we had trouble keeping up with him. Suddenly he ____29____ across a small hill. He must have caught sight of a bear. We followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had _____30_____ into the bushes. Later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries. We were so excited. Yet, _____31_____ hurrying to take photos, we _____32_____ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them. Our guide insisted that we should keep our _____33_____ from the bears so as not to _____34_____ them.
Observing bears in their natural habitat (栖息地) was really _____35_____. I had never experienced anything like that before. If I hadn’t had to go back to school, I would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.
21. A. track B. feed C. protect D. hunt
22. A. quit B. changed C. cancelled D. made
23. A. deal B. danger C. success D. regret
24. A. safe B. comfortable C. remote D. beautiful
25. A. recommended B. explained C. admitted D. reported
26. A. extracts B. leftovers C. photos D. movements
27. A. tidying up B. throwing on C. paving for D. taking off
28. A. rapidly B. cautiously C. steadily D. casually
29. A. moved B. wandered C. paced D. dashed
30. A. disappeared B. looked C. broken D. turned
31. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
32. A. drew B. held C. released D. caught
33. A. intention B. fear C. bravery D. distance
34. A. disturb B. train C. attack D. feed
35. A. exhausting B. boring C. fascinating D. challenging
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。

文章主要讲述作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山（High Tatras）追踪棕熊的经
历，他认为这次旅行很有趣。

【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：所以，当我的朋友说我们有机会在上塔特拉山追踪棕熊时，我毫不犹豫地安排
在下周去。

A. track追踪；B. feed喂养；C. protect保护；D. hunt捕猎。

根据下文“tracking”可知，作者
和朋友是要去山上追踪看棕熊。

故选A。

【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：见第1题。

A. quit放弃；B. changed改变；C. cancelled取消；D. made做。

根
据下文“arrangements to go the following week.”可知，这里指作者他们为了去山上追踪棕熊做了一些计划
和安排。

故选D。

【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这次旅行非常成功！A. deal交易；B. danger危险；C. success成功；D. regret
遗憾。

根据下文“I had never experienced anything like that before. If I hadn’t had to go back to school, I
would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.”可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意。

故选C。

【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我们走了几个小时，住在一个偏远的山间小屋里，这个小屋通常是为公园管
理员保留的。

A. safe安全的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. remote遥远的；D. beautiful美丽的。

根据上文
“We walked for hours”可知，这是他们步行几个小时才到的地方，所以应该是离得很远。

故选C。

【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我们一到达，导游就向我们解释说，我们将完全融入他们的研究计划，并将佩。