自考英语(一)English_jy11011

Text A The Great American Garage Sale
New Words
1.后缀单词
neighborhood "-hood"表示地区或关系，neighborhood表示周边地区或邻里关系。

advertisement 广告
basement 地下室
buyer 购买者；买主
seller 卖者；销售物
hunter 猎人；搜寻者
reporter 记者；新闻广播员
computerize "-ize"是动词后缀，表示计算机化。

computerization 计算机化"-ation"名词后缀
painting 画；绘画
original 起初的，原来的；独创的，新颖的
fabulous 神话式的；惊人的
reluctant 不情愿的，勉强的"-ant"是adj.后缀
reluctance不愿, 勉强"-ance"是n.后缀
2.既有前缀又有后缀
unwanted 没人要的；不需要的，无用的
3.合成词
homemade 家里做的；自制的；本国制造的
ever-increasing 不断增长的；持续增长的
castoff 抛弃的；穿旧的，被抛弃的人（物）
weekend 周末
4.特殊记忆
garage 车库
bargain 交易；特价商品；讨价还价。

Cruces words重点词汇：
1.rid 使摆脱；使去掉
①rid sb/sth of sb/sth 使某人/某事摆脱某人/某事；
We must rid our country of poverty.
我们必须使国家摆脱贫穷。

②get rid of sb/sth 摆脱
He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to get rid of him.
他是如此讨厌的一个人！能摆脱他，我很高兴。

2.save 救助，搭救；储蓄，积攒；节省
（1）The doctors have tried everything possible to save her life.
医生们尽一切可能拯救她的生命。

（2）If you want to save money, you should not buy the expensive watch.
如果要省钱，你就不应该买那块昂贵的表。

（3）Please save a seat for me in the reading-room.
请在阅览室里给我留个座位。

3.bargain （n）买卖，交易/特价商品
（v）讨价，还价
Betty bargained with the salesman in order to get a good price on the used bicycle. 贝蒂和店员讨价还价，争取便宜买下这辆旧自行车。

4.bless （vi）赐福，祝福/be blessed with 享……之福
（1）I blessed him for his kindness.
我为他的仁慈而祝福他。

（2）My parents' being blessed with health and happiness is my biggest wish.
我最大的愿望是父母享有健康快乐之福。

Phrases and Expressions
1.sort through 整理，把…分类
The secretary took five days to sort through the files.
秘书花了五天时间整理文档。

2.set out 出发、动身，陈述set up 建立
（1）They set out at dawn.
他们天一亮就动身了。

（出发、动身）
（2）He set out his objections to the scheme.
他说他反对这项计划。

（陈述）
（3）He clearly set out his views in this book.
在这本书里他清楚地列出了自己的观点。

（罗列出、展示出）
3.put up提供；举起；张贴put out 扑灭
（1）I will supply the skill and knowledge if you will put up the ￡20,000 capital.
如果你提供20000英镑的资本，那我愿贡献技术和知识。

（2）This store put up many signs in the neighborhood.
这家商店在邻近地区贴了许多广告。

4.be fed up with.厌倦、讨厌
Some people are fed up with modern city life and move to the countryside.
有一些人厌倦了现代化的城市生活而搬到农村去住。

5.search for 搜寻、搜查
The police searched for evidence to try a case.
警察寻求证据来审理案子。

6.turn （somebody）off （使）失去兴趣（或爱好、热情），（使）厌烦
The music really turns me off.
这音乐实在使我厌烦。

7.run across.偶然遇见；邂逅
I run across a friend in the park last week.
上周我和我的朋友在公园相遇。

8（1）be bound to do 一定/必须做某事。

He didn't take money, so he is bound to come back.
他没带钱，所以他一定会回来。

（2）be bound for 准备到…去/开往（驶往）…
The train is bound for shanghai.
这班火车是开往上海的。

9.be faced with 面对
We are faced with the same problem of rising costs.
我们都面临着增加成本这一问题。

Text A The Great American Garage Sale
Not long ago, Charles Erickson and his family decided to do some spring housecleaning. Sorting through their possessions, they came up with some 1,500 old, unwanted items - all sorts of things they wanted to get rid of.
短语：do some shopping（购物）/ washing（洗衣服）/housecleaning（家庭扫除）.
come up with 赶上；提出，提供引申为"发现，找到……"
Sorting through their possessions 分词短语做时间状语相当于：When they sorted their possessions.
get rid of=throw away 扔掉
For example：Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply.
单词：sort （vt /vi）分类、整理常用短语sort out（整理）
（n）种类、类别
The boy was sorting out the foreign stamps he had collected.男孩在整理他所收集的外国邮票。

Pop music is the sort she likes most.流行音乐是她最喜欢的音乐。

不久前，查理士·艾里克逊及其家人决定搞一次春季家庭用品的大清理。

他们把自己家的东西都彻底分类整理了一下，结果挑出来大约有1500件不想再要的东西--他们想处理掉的各种各样的东西。

The Ericksons decided to do what a lot of other Americans are doing these days - have a "garage sale." They posted homemade signs throughout the neighborhood, ran an advertisement in the local newspaper, then set out the unwanted objects on the front yard of their home in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and waited to see if any one would come.
说明："the +姓氏的复数" 表示此姓的一家人或夫妇俩。

post张贴homemade 自制的throughout =all over 遍及
单词：run （v）奔跑；经营，在文中意为"（在报刊、杂志上等）登出、刊出"
For example：This piece of news will be run in all kinds of newspapers.这则消息将在各种报纸中刊登。

set out=display 展示object v.反对，n. 宾语、物品
英语中表示地区用从小到大的顺序。

艾里克逊一家决定做近来很多其他家庭所正在做的事情--来一次"车库里大甩卖。

"他们在自己家附近的地区内张贴了一些自制的海报，在当地的报纸上还登了广告，然后就把自己家不想再要了的那些物件摆在了他们自己住在密歇根州布卢姆菲尔德岗市的家门前的小院子里，最后就等着看是否会有人来买了。

The Ericksons needn't have worried. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend, leaving the family $442 richer.
艾里克逊一家用不着担心，那些急于要来买东西的人在一个周末就把全部东西几乎都买走了，除了剩下50件东西外，结果这些买主给这家人留下了442美元的货款，使这家人又增添了点儿收入。

句型：
①"needn't +have +v过去分词表示本来没必要做某事（而实际上做了某事）。

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本来不需要浇花的，天就要下雨了。

You needn't have told him about this since he could find out for himself.
你本来没必要告诉他这件事情的，因为他自己会知道。

②"should + have +v过去分词"表示本应该做某事（而实际上没做）
You should have started earlier. （but you didn't）
你本应该早点开始/出发的。

all but 除了……其他的都
Garage sale, yard sale, basement sale - whatever they're called and wherever they're held, Americans are having them in ever-in-creasing numbers.
汽车库里大甩卖也好，家门口大甩卖也好，地下室大甩卖也好--不管叫什么名堂，也不管在哪举办，总之，美国人举办这类活动的次数是越来越多了。

句式结构：whatever/wherever/wh oever/whomever…=no matter what/where/who/whom…引导条件状语从句。

For example：whatever you do，I will not agree with you.不管你做什么，我都不赞成。

wherever you go, I will follow you.不管你到哪，我都跟着你。

The variety of things put up for sale is really wonderful - dishes, books, used clothing, tools, tires, empty bottles, bicycles, furniture. A man in Atlanta, Georgia, even sold a full-size replica of a 1931 Ford.
the variety of things=a group/ collection of different things
put up 摆出来，展示
单词：
clothing 衣服的总称（为集合n,没有复数）
clothes 衣服（必须用复数）cloth （Un.不可数）布料
（1）Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are man's four basic needs.
衣、食、住、行、是人的四个基本需要。

（2）The clothes she bought today were very expensive.
她今天买的衣服很贵。

摆出来卖的东西的花式品种可真是多极了--有碟子、书籍、用过的衣物、工具、轮胎、空瓶子、自行车、家具。

一个乔治亚洲的亚特兰大市的人甚至还卖掉了一辆同等大小的1931年产的福特牌汽车的复制品。

replica =copy 复制
full-size 同等大小的
"You wouldn't believe the stuff people will buy," says Mrs. Jerry McNeely of Houston, Texas, who has held two garage sales with friends. "On the other hand, you wouldn't believe some of the things people will put out to sell."
德克萨斯州休斯敦市的杰丽·麦克尼利太太跟她的朋友们已经举办过两次这种汽车库甩卖会了。

她说："你不会相信人们会来买那些东西，反过来，你更不会相信人们会把那些东西摆出来卖。

"
Why would Americans want to shop by searching among someone else's cast-offs?
为什么一些美国人会在别人要处理掉的东西中间搜索着买东西呢？
by 表示方式
Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them. The seller makes a little extra money and the buyer saves quite a lot, since garage-sale items usually are priced at a very small part of their original cost.
since 引导原因状语从句
be priced at 以…价位出卖
The textbook is priced at 20 Yuan.
Original cost 原价
单词：price （v）给……定价；给……标价。

For example：All our goods are clearly priced.我们所有的货品都标明了价格。

几乎每一个人都认为，种种生活费用都在不断地上涨，这就是举办汽车库甩卖的卖家，和前往车库甩卖现场的买家，双方能成交的原因。

卖家额外地回收一点钱而买家却节省下了很多钱。

因为给车库里甩卖的物件所订的价钱仅占原来买进时的价格的很小一部分。

But beyond that, they're fun. Garage sales have become suburban social events, drawing people of all ages. Neighbors enjoy meeting new people, and some families even serve drinks and cakes. One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives -they may be searching for their roots.
beyond 除…之外
He has nothing beyond his books.他除了他的书之外一无所有。

He never sees beyond the present.他从来都看不到将来。

不仅仅是价钱问题，大家都很开心。

由于在汽车库里卖货能吸引来男女老少，所以一次次地在汽车库里卖货就变成了郊区的社交活动。

邻居们都喜欢结交新朋友，有些人家甚至还用饮料和蛋糕来招待他们。

一位心理学家说，依我看，人们已经厌烦了他们的电脑程式化的生活--人们是在寻根。

单词：suggest提议/表明；指出=show
（1）suggest 作"建议"讲时，之后可直接跟n或ving作宾语
I suggested a visit./I suggested going to school.
（2）suggest 作"建议"讲时，后面的宾语若为that 引导的宾语从句，这时that 从句须用虚拟语气（即：should + v（原型），should可省略）
She suggested（that）we（should）put off the sports until next Friday. 她建议我们应该将运动会推迟到下周五举行。

（3）作"表明"讲时，that 从句不用虚拟语气。

The experiment suggests that almost all of birds can speak their own language.
这个试验表明几乎所有的鸟都会说它们自己的语言。

be fed up with 厌烦
Many of the younger buyers say they are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for remnants of a stronger and firmer era, when things were built to last.
许多年青的买主说，他们不喜欢现代产的质量差的产品，他们在寻找过去把物件都制造得比较结实比较坚固的那个时代所流传下来的物件。

那个年代，东西都造得经久耐用。

Some people have made garage-sale shopping into a hobby; they spend their weekends going from sale to sale, hoping to run across a real treasure. Says one long-time weekend bargain hunter, "In the back of your mind you have the hope of
finding some fabulous painting stored away somewhere or something else of great value for a bargain price."
有些人把到汽车库甩卖场去寻宝购物变成了一种业务爱好；他们把周末都花费在从一个甩卖场跑到另一个甩卖场上去了，总希望能偶尔碰到一件真正的值钱货。

有位长期在周末到甩卖场去讨便宜的人说："在你思想深处，总希望能发现藏在某个角落里的一幅使人难以置信的名画，或其他非常值钱的东西，用买废品的价格就把它买下来了。

"
In the back of your mind在你的内心深处。

ran across 遇到；不期而遇
Diana McClellan, a reporter for the Washington Star-News, wrote, "The garage sale is like the quality of mercy - it blesseth him that gives and him that takes. It separates clothes, toys, pots, cups, forks and knives from their reluctant owners and places them in loving new homes."
《华盛顿之星新闻报》记者，黛安娜·麦克莱兰写道："这种在汽车库甩卖的作法带有扶贫济困的性质--这既能给施舍者带来福音，也能给取走东西的人降临主的恩惠。

这种义举能使那些服装、玩具、锅碗瓢盆、杯、刀叉离开不愿意再要它们的主人，并把它们安置在一个新的热爱它们的家庭当中"。

quality 种类blesseth=bless 56：23"把后面的th 去掉"改为"把后面的"eth"去掉
place=put 安置
How long will all this enthusiasm continue? Says one recent seller, "Some day the people who are buying are bound to be faced with the same problem we had - getting rid of this stuff."
这种车库大甩卖的热情能持续多久？最近一位卖主说："有朝一日那些买主肯定也会面临我们所有过的同样的问题--把这些东西处理掉。

"
短语：be bound to do sth.=be sure to
For example：The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.
这项新发现必将极大地服务于人类。

V ocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ.
1.shop（n.）shop（v.）shopping
a. We are busy with our work during weekdays, therefore, we usually shop on Saturdays.
b. The family goes shopping once a week
c. I went to several shops but still couldn't find the sort of diamond ring she wante
d.
2.origin（起源；由来）original（原来的，先有的）originality（创造力）
a. He is a Chinese origin.
b. Her works of art show a great deal of originality.
c. The original plan was better than the plan we followe
d.
3. computer computerize computerization
a. Computer are used by people of all walks of life.
b. The computerization of management makes things easy and convenient.
c. The airlines have already computerized their booking system.
4. sell sale seller
a. Is the house for sale? （for sale 供出售）
b. This little shop sells a wide variety of goods. （a variety of 各种各样的）
c. The market of farm produce was filled with sellers and buyers.
Ⅱ
1.His hobby is building model planes and ships.
2.The local government decided to set up two high schools in this area.
3.Things have changed entirely in recent years.
4.We need extra men for such a difficult job.
5.We'll have to get rid of all this stuff when we move house.
6.The original painting is kept securely in the museum, but there are hundreds of copies.
7.She is usually kind and helpful, but yesterday she seemed reluctant to help us.
8.There are many shops in our neighborhood.
9.He likes watching TV, but he doesn't like watching some of the advertisements in TV programmes.
10.He did not show any enthusiasm for our new plans.。