中级口译考试段落

文化是指一个民族的整体生活方式。

这一简单定义的含义使文化包括了这样一些内容，即一个民族的风俗、传统、社会习惯、价值观、信仰、语言、思维方式以及El常活动。

文化还包含了文明史。

从广义上说，有两种文化，即物质文化和精神文化。

物质文化是具体的、可见的，而精神文化则比较蕴蓄、比较抽象。

Culture means the total way of life of a people. This simple definition implies that culture refers to the customs, traditions, social habits, values, beliefs, language, ways of thinking and daily activities of a people. It also includes the history of civilization. In the broad sense, there are two types of culture, that is, material culture and spiritual culture. Material culture is concrete and observable, while spiritual culture implicit and abstract.
由于人类语言是文化的直接表现，所以第二语言的学习涉及了第二文化的学习。

第二语言教师应该引导学生注意并了解他们所学语言的文化内容。

包括理解外族文化的价值观，掌握外族文化的礼仪，了解外族文化与本族文化之间的差异。

Because human language is a direct manifestation of culture, learning a second language involves learning a second culture. For the teacher of a second language, he or she should make sure to develop the students' awareness and knowledge of the culture of the target language they are learning. This includes understanding the values of the target culture, acquiring a command of the etiquette of the target culture and understanding the differences between the target culture and the students' own culture.
随着学生外语学习的深化，他们会增进对所学语言民族的文化特征的认识。

这种开阔了的文化认识可以涉及文化的所有方面：外族人的生活方式，以及外族社会的地理、历史、经济、艺术和科学等。

我们知道，每个民族的文化有不同于其他民族文化的礼仪规范。

因此，学生在上外语课时应该学习操目标语的民族那些恰当得体的礼仪规范，学习如何理解陌生的文化习俗，学习在与外族人交际时应有的言谈举止。

As students progress through a foreign language program, it is expected that they will increase their awareness of the cultural characteristics of the speakers of the language under study. This broadened cultural knowledge may touch on all aspects of culture, the people's way of life as well as the geographic, historical, economic artistic and scientific aspects of the target society. We know that each culture has different etiquette patterns. And therefore, in a foreign language course, students should learn the appropriate etiquette patterns expected of the people living in the country where the target language is spoken. Students should also learn how to interpret unfamiliar cultural conventions and how to act appropriately when communicating with the persons of the foreign culture.
改革开放30年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。

//通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。

//作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。

可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾
As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice
for learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.//
During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land,whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And during the learning progress,the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.//
Meanwhile, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay
越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。

//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。

目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

It's interesting to note that apart from their love for Chinese
cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture,herbal medicines, martial arts.//
They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism,and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an
ancient art of placement.//
在这个经济全球化的时代背景下，大学将扮演怎样的角色呢？大学将如何通过旨在提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动进而推动社会的进步呢？在这个日新月异、充满变数的社会，大学又将如何培养那些善于取精用弘的学生呢？//今天我演讲的重点是大学创新与研究的作用，因为创新是大学精神之所在，同时也是经济增长和新技术产生的主要原因。

我们应该认识到，本科生教育和研究生教育都与研究紧密相连。

我们的教育应该为学生创造一种可以探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围，将教学与研究融合在一起的教育可以培养一批活跃在探索前沿、聪颖开放的青年才俊。

//一届又一届的大学毕业生可以向社会传播发明创造的知识。

What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society?//Most of my remarks will focus on the roll of innovation and research in the university since that is university spirit ,as well as the primary source of economic growth and new technologies. It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly
linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in anatmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery. An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young, bright and uninhibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery.//The process of graduation will disseminate the knowledge of new discoveries and innovations.
大学最的使根本的使命就是创造新知识，虽然大学所创造的新只是有时会立即产生实际应
用价值，但这决不是大学所追求的唯一目标。

将获取实际应用价值的目标定位大学的主要目标是一种短视行为。

基础研究也同样是大学的使命，而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。

//选对人是确保创新型研究环境的首要因素，也是最为关键的因素。

选人要选三种人：第一种人是浮想联翩的思想家，第二种人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三种人是不受常规约束的实
干家。

//
The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications. But that can never be the only goal. And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted. Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that. Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution.//Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment. There are three types of people that can be important. The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries. The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers. The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited
executors.//。