4140韧脆转变温度

4140韧脆转变温度
英文回答：
The Charpy impact test is a standardized high strain-rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. It is used to evaluate the toughness of materials, especially their ability to resist brittle fracture. The Charpy impact test is widely used in quality control and research and development in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing.
The test is performed by striking a notched specimen with a pendulum hammer, and measuring the energy absorbed during fracture. The specimen is typically a rectangular bar with a V-notch or U-notch, and the hammer is released from a fixed height. The energy absorbed is calculated from the difference in potential energy of the hammer before and after the impact.
The Charpy impact test results are typically plotted as a function of temperature, and the resulting curve is known as a Charpy impact curve. The curve typically shows a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, below which the material exhibits brittle fracture and above which it exhibits ductile fracture. The Charpy impact curve can be used to determine the toughness of a material, as well as its susceptibility to brittle fracture.
The Charpy impact test is a valuable tool for evaluating the toughness of materials and their resistance to brittle fracture. It is widely used in quality control and research and development, and can help to ensure the safety and reliability of products.
中文回答：
夏比冲击试验是一种标准化的快速应变试验，用于确定材料在断裂过程中吸收的能量。

它用于评估材料的韧性，特别是其抵抗脆性断裂的能力。

夏比冲击试验广泛用于航空航天、汽车和制造业等各个行业的质量控制和研发。

该试验通过用摆锤敲击缺口试样并在断裂过程中测量吸收的能量进行的。

试样通常是带有 V 形缺口或 U 形缺口的矩形棒，锤子从固定高度释放。

吸收的能量根据锤子在冲击前后的势能差计算。

夏比冲击试验结果通常以温度为函数绘制，得到的曲线称为夏比冲击曲线。

该曲线通常显示韧性-脆性转变温度，低于该温度材料表现出脆性断裂，高于该温度则表现出韧性断裂。

夏比冲击曲线可用于确定材料的韧性以及其对脆性断裂的敏感性。

夏比冲击试验是评估材料韧性和其抵抗脆性断裂能力的宝贵工具。

它广泛用于质量控制和研发，有助于确保产品的安全性和可靠性。