初三2024年英语话题五环境保护

话题五环境保护
Part 1 完形填空
There are many kinds of pollution around us, 1 air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad 2 our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can 3 sore eyes and breathing problems.
With the increase of pollution and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many
4 in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people 5 . For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a 6 place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure(高血压) , 7 .
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light 8 cause some kinds of illness. It makes people feel 9 and is especially bad for the eyes.
With 10 pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.
1．A．such as B．for example C．as well as D．because of 2．A．to B．in C．for D．of 3．A．finish B．control C．open D．cause 4．A．chemists B．chemicals C．chemist D．chemistry 5．A．blind B．interesting C．deaf D．healthy 6．A．noise B．noisy C．quiet D．quietly 7．A．too B．neither C．also D．either 8．A．must B．need C．should D．may 9．A．comfortable B．possibly C．terrible D．terribly 10．A．little B．less C．few D．fewer
Part 2 阅读理解
During the two sessions（两会）this year, more e-waste recycling plans were called for in China.
longer using. It includes microwaves, computers, TVs, batteries（电池）, screens, chargers, printer cartridges and even kitchen equipment.
What Is the Influence of E-Waste?
According to the 2020 UN Global E-waste Monitor, the world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030. That’s almost a doubling of e-waste in just 16 years. This makes e-waste the world’s fastest-growing domestic（生活）waste.
The report also found that only 17.4% of the world’s e-waste was collected and recycled in 2019. This means that gold, silver, copper（铜）and other high-value materials were mostly burned or thrown instead of reused. It’s a waste of 57 billion dollars, or 360 billion yuan.
E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600, 000 liters of water.
▲
Tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, US company Apple built a robot called Daisy to take iPhones apart. It can take 200 iPhones apart within an hour. Previously the phones were cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Daisy, valuable materials can be pulled out more easily.
Xiaomi is also setting up e-waste recycling platforms so that people can donate or sell their old electronics more easily.
There are definitely steps we can all take to reduce our e-waste. Here are my top tips:
◎Instead of buying a new product, try to repair your computer or smartphone first.
◎Check for recycling organizations and donate your old electronics to them.
◎Remove（去除）any batteries because they need to be recycled separately.
◎Start a campaign（宣传）in your community to raise people’s awareness of e-waste recycling.
11．E-waste can probably be found in the ________.
A．B．C．D．
12．How does the writer introduce the influence of e-waste?
A．By telling a story.B．By giving numbers.
A．Where Are iPhones Taken Apart?B．What Problems Can E-waste Bring Us? C．Who Are Ready to Solve the Problem?D．What Can We Do to Reduce It? 14．Where can we probably read the above article?
A．In a travel guide.B．In a storybook.C．In a newspaper.D．In a fashion magazine.
Part 3 任务型阅读
Sweden has seen a four-percent drop in the number of international air passengers. The air travel was down further, by nine percent. Meanwhile, the number of passengers who travelled by train jumped to a record 32 million last year.
The changes come as the Swedish- born action of “flight shaming” is getting support. More than ever, people are worried about climate (气候)change. They feel ashamed to use any kind of traffic that depends on fossil fuels(化石燃料). Nearly 23,000 Swedes have promised to go flight free. They have, instead, shown interest in “climate smart travel.”
“Flight shaming” has put pressure on airline to cut down on their greenhouse gas emissions(温室气体排放). Some of them have stopped using old and fuel-thirsty planes. The models they use now are lighter. Some airlines are also asking passengers to pre-order food. This helps to further cut down the weight of planes. As a result, much less fuel is being used now.
Richard Gustafson is the CEO of a Swedish airline. He also supports the “flight shaming” action. However, he doesn’t believe putting an end to flying is the only way out. Instead, airlines must take action to cut pollution. “The journey toward a cleaner world will be long,” Gustafson said.“One day, a scientist will invent jet engines that don’t depend on fossil fuels. I think those planes will appear in, say, 20 years’ time.”
15．请将文中画线句子“the number of passengers who traveled by train jumped to a record 32 million last year.”翻译成汉语。

16．根据短文内容填上合适的单词，每空不多于两个单词。

Last year in Sweden, the train travel became more than the air travel, maybe the “climate-smart travel” is the environment.
17．Please list two things that some airlines have done to support the “flight shaming” action.
18．回答问题What does Gustalson expect to happen?
Part 4 短文填空
This is the year 2070. Today is my fiftieth birthday, but I look like a person of eighty-five. I have serious kidney（肾脏）problems because I don’t have enough water 19 (drink). I’m afraid I don’t have much time left to live. I’m already one of the oldest people in this society.
I remember when I was five years old, everything was very different. There were lots of trees in the parks. I could enjoy a shower for half an hour. At that time, women all had beautiful hair. Now, we have to shave（剃光）our heads to keep them clean without the use of water.
I remember there were “Saving Water” warnings in many public places, but nobody
20 (pay) attention. We believed water would last forever. Now, all the rivers and lakes are either dry or polluted. Water is much 21 (expensive) than gold and diamonds.
In the past, doctors suggested adults drink eight glasses of water a day. Nowadays, I am allowed half a glass only. Most people are weak and sick.
When my son asks me about my childhood, I tell him about how pleasant it was to fish in the rivers and how healthy people were. When he asks, “Why is there no clean water now?”
I feel guilty（有罪的）. I belong 22 those people who simply turned a blind eye to all the warnings.
I hope the people living in the 2020s 23 (true) understand the importance of saving water.
Part 5 书面表达
24．为了让更多的人了解垃圾分类的意义，推进垃圾分类的有效开展，近日，你们学校英文广播站开展以“垃圾分类，利国利民”为主题的演讲活动。

假如你是李华，请根据以下提示写一篇演讲稿。

内容包括：
（1）垃圾分类的意义；
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了环境污染和环境保护相关的知识。

1．句意：我们周围有很多污染，例如空气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光污染。

such as例如，后跟名词或短语；for example例如，后跟句子；as well as也；because of因为。

根据“air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution”可知，此处是在举例，且是名词短语，故选A。

2．句意：他们在许多方面对我们的健康有害。

to向；in在……里；for对；of……的。

根据前文可知，我们周围有很多污染，这些污染应是对我们有害。

be bad for，表示“对……有害”，故选C。

3．句意：它会引起眼睛疼痛和呼吸问题。

finish完成；control控制；open打开；cause导致。

根据“Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution.”可知，空气污染会导致眼睛疼痛和呼吸问题，故选D。

4．句意：农民在田地里使用了太多的化学物质。

chemists化学家，复数；chemicals化学物质；chemist化学家，单数；chemistry化学。

根据语境可知，农民是使用了化学物质导致了污染，故选B。

5．句意：噪音污染会使人失聪。

blind瞎的；interesting有趣的；deaf聋的；healthy健康的。

根据“Noise pollution”可知，噪音污染可能使人失聪，故选C。

6．句意：例如，如果人们在一个嘈杂的地方工作了很长一段时间，他们可能失去他们的听力。

noise噪音；noisy吵闹的；quiet安静的，形容词；quietly安静地，副词。

根据“people may lose their hearing”可知，人们在嘈杂的环境中工作可能会失聪，故选B。

7．句意：太高的噪音也会导致高血压。

too也，用于肯定句，放在句末；neither两者都不；also也，放在句中；either也，用于否定句，放在句末。

根据“Too much noise can cause high blood pressure”可知，此处是肯定句，用too，表示“也”，故选A。

8．句意：长时间在强光、易变的光线下工作可能会引起某些疾病。

must必须；need需要；should应该；may可能。

根据“Working for a long time in strong, changeable light”可知，长时间在强光、易变的光线下工作是可能会引起疾病，并不是一定，故选D。

9．句意：它让人感觉很糟糕，尤其对眼睛不好。

comfortable舒服的，形容词；possibly可能地，副词；terrible糟糕的，形容词；terribly糟糕地，副词。

根据“feel”可知，feel是感官系动词，后跟形容词；结合“is especially bad for the eyes.”可知，此处应表示糟糕的，故选C。

10．句意：有了更少的污染，我们的地球将变得更绿色，我们的健康将更好。

little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；less更少，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；fewer更少，修饰可数名词。

根据“pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. ”可知，pollution是不可数名词；因后面表达环境会变好，所以是污染减少，故选B。

11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是电子垃圾，电子垃圾的影响以及如何减少电子垃圾。

11．细节理解题。

根据“E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600, 000 liters of water.”可知，电子垃圾属于有害垃圾，故选A。

12．细节理解题。

根据“According to the 2020 UN Global E-waste Monitor, the world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030” “It’s a waste of 57 billion dollars, or 360 billion yuan.”以及“For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600, 000 liters of water.”可知，作者通过列举数据的方式来介绍电子垃圾的影响，故选B。

13．推理判断题。

根据“Tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem”可知，此处介绍的是减少电子垃圾的方法，故选D。

14．推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了什么是电子垃圾，电子垃圾的影响以及如何减少电子垃圾，可能会在报纸上看到，故选C。

15．去年乘火车旅行的旅客人数猛增到创纪录的3200万。

16．popular good for 17．Using lighter planes. Asking passengers to order food before flights. 18．A new model of plane without fossil fuels will be invented to cut pollution.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们开始减少乘坐飞机，更多人开始做火车。

15．句中是who引导的定语从句，修饰passengers，the number of：……的数量；passengers：乘客；travelled：旅行；by train乘火车；jumped to：猛增到；a record：记录；32 million：3200万；last year：去年。

故填去年乘火车旅行的旅客人数猛增到创纪录的3200万。

16．根据“The changes come as the Swedish-born action of ‘flight shaming’ is getting support. ”可知，乘坐火车变得更加流行；根据“ ‘Flight shaming’ has put pressure on airline to cut down on their greenhouse gas emissions(温室气体排放).”可知，“气候智能型旅行”对环境有好处，故填popular；good for。

17．根据“The models they use now are lighter. Some airlines are also asking passengers to
pre-order food. This helps to further cut down the weight of planes. ”可知，航空公司使用更加轻便的飞机及让乘客提前订餐来支持“Flight shaming”，故填Using lighter planes；Asking passengers to order food before flights.
18．根据“One day, a scientist will invent jet engines that don’t depend on fossil fuels.”可知，他希望科学家会发明不依赖化石燃料的喷气发动机。

故填A new model of plane without fossil fuels will be invented to cut pollution.
19．to drink 20．paid 21．more expensive 22．to 23．truly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己在2070年看到到处都是缺少水资源的情况，来呼吁人们要明白节约水的重要性。

19．句意：我有严重的肾脏问题，因为我没有足够的水喝。

此空作名词“water”的定语，用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to drink。

20．句意：我记得很多公共场所都有“节约用水”的警告，但没人注意。

根据“were”可知，此句用一般过去时，故填paid。

21．句意：水比黄金和钻石贵得多。

is后接形容词作表语，根据“much”和“than”可知，此空应填形容词比较级，故填more expensive。

22．句意：我属于那些对所有警告视而不见的人。

固定搭配：belong to“属于”，故填to。

23．句意：我希望生活在21世纪20年代的人们真正明白节约用水的重要性。

此空修饰动词“understand”，要用副词，故填truly。

24．例文：
Hello, everyone! My name is Li Hua. The topic of my speech today is “What can we do about sorting the waste?” Our school has launched a program of waste storing. The program is of great
benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable waste. Harmful waste will not pollute our environment after special treatment.
Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful waste as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes. We also need to actively promote the advantages of waste sorting. Let’s work together for a better school!
Thanks for listening!
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇演讲稿写作，要求根据提示内容对垃圾分类进行介绍，并倡导大家积极进行垃圾分类。

2.写作指导：本文时态采用一般现在时，以第三人称为主；写作时先介绍演讲的主题，引出垃圾分类，再陈述垃圾分类的意义，然后介绍具体做法，最后发出倡议。

注意应用题干中给出的相关词汇，力求无语法和单词拼写错误。