2018_2019学年高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅤWriting_正反观点类议论文教案含解析外研版选修6

Section Ⅴ Writing—正反观点类议论文
[技法指导]
本单元的写作要求是正反观点类议论文的写作，要求对不同事物或者同一事物表达出不同的看法。

其写作格式为“提出问题——分别介绍两种不同观点——对两种观点进行分析——结尾加上自己的观点并简单陈述理由”，全文时态为一般现在时。

黄金表达
1．引出总话题的句子
Last week, we had a discussion about whether ...
Different people have/hold different opinions.
People’s views on ...vary from person to person.
They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
2．提出赞同或反对观点的句子
Some people are in favor of ...
Some people support ...
Some people agree that ...
Some people are against ...
Some people hold the different view.
Some people object to ...
The majority disagree ...
3．阐述理由的句子
They think/believe ...
There are some reasons accounting for this.
The reason why ...is that ...
4．总结性句子
Every coin has two sides.
I prefer ...as I believe ...
There is no doubt that ...
It will depend on ...
As far as I’m concerned, ...
From my point of view, I ...
As for me, I support the former/latter, because ...
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
克隆人这一话题在世界上引起了激烈的争论。

请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇题为“On Human Cloning”的短文。

短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：干预 interfere with
On Human Cloning
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. However, human cloning has caused much debate.
[三步作文法]
第一步：搜索词汇
1．突破breakthrough
2．不道德的immoral
3．超人superhuman
第二步：由词造句(按要求完成句子)
1．根据汉语提示完成句子
①它能制造出有价值的人体组织和器官。

It can_produce valuable tissues and organs.
②这些人体组织和器官能用来拯救生命。

The tissues and organs can be_used_to save human lives.
③我们应该将注意力放在能应用于医学研究的动物克隆和干细胞上。

We should focus_our_efforts_on cloning animals and stem cells that can be used in medical research.
④只有这样我们才能使之造福于人类。

We can make it beneficial_to mankind in this way.
2．句式升级
⑤用that引导的定语从句连接①②
It_can_produce_valuable_tissues_and_organs_that_can_be_used_to_save_human_li ves.
⑥用不定式作定语改写③
We_should_focus_our_efforts_on_cloning_animals_and_stem_cells_to_be_used_in_ medical_research.
⑦用only开头的倒装句改写④
Only_in_this_way_can_we_make_it_beneficial_to_mankind.
第三步：连句成篇
On Human Cloning
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. However, human cloning has caused much debate.
Some believe it is a wonderful scientific breakthrough. It can produce valuable tissues and organs that can be used to save human lives. It is good news for those who can’t have babies. However, others think cloning humans is totally immoral and against nature. We have no rights to experiment with humans. If we interfere with nature, many problems may arise. We are worried that we may produce a superhuman race that could replace us.
In my opinion, cloning is really a wonderful scientific breakthrough. We should focus our efforts on cloning animals and stem cells to be used in medical research.Only in this way can we make it beneficial to mankind.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The idea of cloning your pet sounds like a laughable waste of money, because it is. But it starts to seem a little less laughable when your own beloved pet starts getting older. If I had had a few hundred thousand dollars to spare, I know I would have half­seriously considered it for my dear little cat, who
died last year. One couple that does happen to have a few hundred
thousand dollars to spare is Barry Diller and Diane von
Furstenberg, who have reportedly cloned their beloved Jack Russell Terrier (a kind of dog), Shannon, and now have two identical Jack Russell Terriers, named Deena and Evita.
When your pet dies, you just want your pet back, or at least as close a copy as you can get. So it’s really no surpr ise that of the around 600 dogs cloned by Sooam Biotech Research Foundation most were cloned for sad pet owners. The lab in Seoul, South Korea, is now the only place on the planet in the business of cloning pet dogs for owners.
But, in fact, the technology won’t give you your pet back. There don’t yet appear to be any studies on the behavior of cloned pets, but research on cloned cows and pigs has so far shown marked differences in behavior and even looks in cloned animals. The DNA is exactly the same, but there are still differences in personality and appearance.
Even if Diller and von Furstenburg raise their new dogs in the exact same environment in the exact same way that they raised Shannon, the new dogs will still behave differently. “The promise of pet cloning is that your cloned pet is going to behave and look like the one you already have — and that will not be the case (情况)，” said Professor Jorge Piedrahita at N．C. State. “We’ve cloned animals that were raised in the same environment, but they still didn’t act the same.”语篇解读：尽管宠物克隆技术已经比较成熟，但克隆出来的宠物并不会与原来的宠物一模一样。

1．What can we learn about the lab in Seoul?
A．It was set up by some pet owners.
B．It has cloned hundreds of pet dogs.
C．It charges nothing for its services.
D．It has cloned a cat for the author.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由第二段中的“So it’s really no surprise that of the around 600 dogs cloned by Sooam Biotech Research Foundation most were cloned for sad pet owners”可知，这家实验室已经克隆了几百只宠物狗。

2．Why does the author mention the studies on cloned cows and pigs?
A．To explain why farm animals are cloned.
B．To discuss why pet cloning is so popular.
C．To show cloned animals are very different from each other.
D．To prove cloning is not a good way to bring pets from the dead.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

由第三段中的“but research on cloned cows and pi gs ...but there are still differences in personality and appearance”可知，作者提到关于克隆牛和猪的研究是为了说明克隆出来的宠物会与原来那个宠物不一样，因此克隆并不是一个挽回自己原有宠物的好方法。

3．What will the couple be likely to find out about their new dogs?
A．They’ll grow in a very strange way.
B．They’ll dislike t heir new environment.
C．They’ll act differently from Shannon.
D．They’ll have the same personality as Shannon.
解析：选C细节理解题。

由最后一段中的“the new dogs will still behave differently”可知，这对夫妇会发现他们的克隆狗与原来的Shannon在行为举止上并不相同。

4．What was Piedrahita’s attitude towards the lab’s promise of pet cloning?
A．He disbelieved it.
B．He was worried about it.
C．He was cautious about it.
D．He showed much interest in it.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“that will not be the case”可知，Piedrahita 并不相信这样的承诺。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Four Steps to Begin Your Path to Greatness
Feeling stuck is quite common. Many times, we have thoughts and dreams of what we want in life. __1__ Our thinking pattern holds us back from going forward. The good news is that, at any moment in time, we have the ability to start taking action toward creating the life we want. Here are four steps to get started：※Celebrate Your Success.
Write down all the successes you’ve already achieved and all the awesomeness that you have today. __2__ And once you’re in that positive routine with your thoughts, it will lead you to make better choices and take better action toward your greatness.
※Create Your True Vision.
Many times we live based on others’ expectations or we stay stuck in a particular place because it’s our safety zone. Own your path. It can be ha rd to do, but allow yourself to get out of your head (or stop listening to what others want for you) and focus on your heart and what it’s telling you. __3__
※__4__
If you want to start going to the gym, going 5 days a week right away is extreme, and setti ng yourself up by biting more than you can chew typically doesn’t result in success, but failure. Instead, start slow and go once or twice a week. After you do that for a while and get into a nice routine, up it to more days. Over time, you will build toward your goals by taking realistic, smaller steps to get there.
※Have the Right Support.
__5__ Find the right support to cheer you on in the process. It could be a friend, a family member, or significant others who you trust. Whoever it may be, having someone on your journey will be just what you need to keep yourself on track and celebrate with you as you work toward the life you dream of.
A．Don’t do it alone.
B．Be realistic about your goals.
C．Be kind to yourself and accept the moment.
D．Your failure can lead you to another success.
E．This practice will direct your thinking to a positive place.
F．Sadly, they only stay as thoughts and dreams inside of us.
G．Look within yourself deeply and decide what you want and what’s true for you.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了通向不平凡的四个措施。

1．解析：选F 空处承接上句“Many times, we have thoughts and dreams of what we want in life”，故选F项，悲哀的是它们只是内心的想法和梦想而已，F项的“they”代指“thoughts and dreams of what we want in life”。

2．解析：选E 由空前一句“Write down all the successes ... the awesomeness that you have today”可知，选E项，E项的“This practice”代指“Write down ...”这一动作，且E项的“a positive place”与下文的“that positive routine”呼应。

3．解析：选G 根据空处的上一句“It can be hard to do, but allow yourself to get out of your head (or stop listening to what others want for you) and focus on your heart and what it’s telling you”可推知，要追随自己的内心，明白自己真正的想法，决定自己想要什么，所以选G项。

4．解析：选B 根据本段的最后一句“Over time, you will build toward your goals by taking realistic, smaller steps to get there”可推知，本段主要讲的是设置的目标要现实，所以选B项。

5．解析：选A 根据下文的“Find the right support to cheer you on in the process”可推知，不要一个人去做，最好能够找到适当的支持和帮助，所以选A项。

Ⅲ.完形填空
A few days ago I saw two baby ducklings that were lost in the grass. __1__，one of them was found dead, and I decided to take the other one in __2__ he got big enough to __3__ himself.
When I decided to take him in, he was actually being
followed by a starving __4__，so it was a good thing that I
saved him. At first he showed __5__，but after several days
he seemed __6__ worried about me as I fed him some corn which
he certainly seemed to __7__.
After saving the little duck, I spotted a place appropriate for him, a __8__ where he might catch small fish. I was __9__ him and feeding him every day, and recently he was doing well. I __10__ that he would have been killed by a cat if I hadn’t __11__ him.
When I was originally __12__ taking him in, I had others tell me to “let nature take its course”. However, this is an absurd and contradictory __13__. When humans want to do __14__ things, such as killing animals __15__ food, they will appeal to nature. At that time, in their mind, they are part of nature. __16__，when it comes to doing something constructive and helpful, all of a sudden they’re not part of nature and they should just __17__ back and “let nature take its course”. We shouldn’t pick and __18__ when we are part of nature simply to __19__ our own self­centered desires. If we are part of nature, then helping a(n) __20__ in need is “letting nature take its course” in the true and most noble way.
语篇解读：作者在池塘边遇到两只迷路的小鸭，其中一只死掉之后，作者不顾别人的劝说把剩下的一只收养起来，并且把它照顾得很好。

从这件事情中，作者感悟到帮助需要帮助的动物就是顺应自然。

1．A.Curiously B．Unfortunately
C．Amazingly D．Honestly
解析：选B 前面提到在池塘边的草丛中有两只迷失的小鸭，后面提到其中一只小鸭死了，所以此处应该是“不幸的是(unfortunately)”。

2．A.until B．unless
C．if D．although
解析：选A 此处表示作者决定将收养另外一只小鸭，一直(until)等到它长大，自己能够照顾自己。

3．e to B．look after
C．play with D．keep to
解析：选B 句意：我决定抚养这只鸭子，直到他长大能够照顾自己为止。

look after“照顾，照料”，符合语境。

4．A.duck B．goose
C．cat D．dog
解析：选C 当我决定收养他的时候，他实际上被一只猫盯上了，所以我收养它是做了一件好事。

由下文“he would have been killed by a cat if I hadn’t ________ him”可知。

5．A.fear B．pity
C．respect D．sadness
解析：选A 句意：刚开始的时候，它有点怕我，但几天之后，就不那么怕我了。

6．A.nearly B．less
C．extremely D．slightly
解析：选B 此处表示小鸭对作者态度的转变，刚开始有点怕，随着作者用粮食喂养它，小鸭对作者不太担心了。

所以用比较级less。

7．A.witness B．cherish
C．enjoy D．tease
解析：选C 句意：我拿粮食喂它，看起来它当然很喜欢(enjoy)吃。

由此句中的“fed him some corn”“certainly”可知。

8．A.tree B．bowl
C．box D．pond
解析：选D 根据“where he may catch small fish”可知，pond为最佳选项。

9．A.calling for B．checking on
C．adapting to D．turning to
解析：选B 句意：我每天都去看看它，并且给它喂点吃的，最近它状况良好。

check on 意为“查对，核实，检查”。

10．A.claimed B．showed
C．figured D．proved
解析：选C 句意：我认为(figure)如果不是我发现了它，它可能已经被猫叼走了。

figure 意为“认为，认定”。

11．A.cured B．neglected
C．found D．grasped
解析：选C 根据上下文，选项found符合语境，如果那天我没发现它的话，它就会被猫吃掉。

12．A.imagining B．recommending
C．risking D．considering
解析：选D 当作者最初考虑(consider)要收养它的时候，有人告诉他“顺其自然”吧。

13．A.argument B．idea
C．desire D．announcement
解析：选B 句意：然而，这是一个荒谬的、相互矛盾的理念。

14．A.sensitive B．fragile
C．bad D．contradictory
解析：选C 由下文提到的“such as killing animals”，以及与此处意义相反的“when it comes to doing something constructive and helpful”可知，此处表示“坏的，不好的”，所以用bad。

15．A.for B．on
C．with D．as
解析：选A 句意：比如猎杀动物为了获取(for)食物。

16．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．However
解析：选D 上文提到，搞破坏的时候，他们自称是大自然的一部分。

此处表示转折，因为后面提到当他们做些建设性的、有益的事情时，他们就不再认为自己是大自然的一部分了。

17．A.fight B．stand
C．get D．call
解析：选B 句意：转眼间，我们就不再是大自然的一部分了，并且我们会避开锋芒，等待“顺其自然”的事情发生。

stand back意为“靠后站；避开”。

18．A.choose B．distinguish
C．tell D．explain
解析：选A 此处表明作者的态度。

句意：我们不能挑选和选择(choose)什么时候我们是自然的一部分，仅仅是为了满足(satisfy)我们以自我为中心的欲望。

19．A.judge B．resist
C．express D．satisfy
解析：选D 参考上题解析。

satisfy one’s desires意为“满足某人的欲望”。

20．A.animal B．person
C．plant D．friend
解析：选A 由上文提到的救助小鸭可知，作者做了与保护动物有关的事情。

句意：如果我们是自然的一部分，那么，帮助一只需要帮助的动物，也就是在做“顺应自然”的事情，方式更加正确、更加高尚。

Ⅳ.语法填空
How Dolly was born
Professor Wilmut’s experiment involved three adult female sheep. He first __1__ (take) a cell from sheep A. He then implanted (植入) the genetic information into __2__ (it) nucleus (细胞核) with an egg cell from sheep B, whose nucleus had been removed. Tiny electric shocks __3__ (use) to stimulate (激发) this new “combination” egg cell to divide. __4__ (final), the new embryo was implanted into the body of sheep C, where it developed just like any other sheep embryo.
In 1996, his determination and __5__ (patient) paid off. Dolly became the first sheep to be born without a father and was also the first genetically __6__ (identity) copy of an adult. As the egg cell gradually splits, its millions __7__ offspring cells specialize into muscle cells or skin cells, for example. __8__ (mouse) and cattle have now also been cloned from an adult. These clones have also been cloned, producing three generations of healthy clones.
__9__ was thought that a specialized cell could never become a different cell, with all the genetic instructions __10__ (form) the entire creature.
语篇解读：本文讲述了克隆羊多莉的克隆过程。

1．took 由involved three adult female sheep可知，设空处描述的是过去发生的实验过程，应用一般过去时，且He和take之间是主动关系，故填took。

2．its 设空处限定nucleus，且表示“它的”，故填its。

3．were used electric shocks和use之间是被动关系，且设空处描述的是过去发生的事情，故填were used。

4．Finally 设空处修饰整个句子，意为“最终”，故填Finally。

5．patience 设空处和determination并列作主语，表示“耐心”，故填patience。

6．identical 设空处修饰名词copy，表示“完全相同的”，故填identical。

7．of millions of意为“大量的”。

8．Mice 由and cattle have now also been cloned可知，设空处和复数名词cattle 并列作主语，也应该是复数形式，故填Mice。

9．It 设空处在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that a specialized cell could never ... the entire creature，故填It。

10．to form instructions后跟不定式作定语，故填to form。

Ⅴ.短文改错
Last month, I, together with my parents, were invited to my uncle in the USA. My uncle, who moved America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. He meets us at the airport. I was excited while I set foot on the land of America.
In the following days, we visited some places of interests and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We both enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History because it great enriched our knowledge. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips I have never made in my life.
答案：第一句：were→was; uncle→uncle’s
第二句：moved后加to
第三句：meets→met
第四句：while→when
第五句：interests→interest；去掉第二个the
第六句：both→all; great→greatly
第七句：never→ever
单元质量检测(五)
(时间：100分钟满分：120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
There are three reasons why I don’t think that we are ready for cloning. Firstly, we don’t know exactly what the consequences of cloning would be. For example, if scientists cloned a man, they might know what he would look like, but they wouldn’t know his quality. What would happen if scientists cloned another Hitler or others like him? Do you really think we would survive if this became a reality?
Secondly, cloning raises many ethical questions. Look back at the cloned man that has been presented and ask yourself these questions：
“Do you really think that he would be a man？”
“Who would be responsible for him？”
“Do you think he should have the same rights as we have？”
I don’t think that we can answer these questions now.
Lastly, we don’t know exactly what the meaning of life is. In my opinion, creating life is the duty of nature, and we must not interfere (干预) with that task because we can’t understand the extremely complicated relationships among lives that are defined by nature. Usually these relationships are extremely complex. Sometimes, they seem to be so untouchable that they cannot be changed. From my point of view, we have to look at the natural environment around us. We can see that an ecosystem
(生态系统) is made up of a lot of different kinds of life, and each life has its own function within the system. If we disturb that, I think it could lead to our extinction (灭绝)．
Even though cloning may have a lot of benefits for humans, I think we should stop cloning because we do not understand it and can’t control all of its effects. Maybe in the future, we will be ready to do it, but that time has not yet arrived.
语篇解读：本文主要从三个方面讲述了我们为什么不要克隆。

1．According to the author, we are not ready for cloning because ________.
A．two or more people may have the same appearance
B．scientists are not sure about the personalities of the cloned people
C．people may not function properly if there are more cloned human beings D．cloning has not been permitted by the government
解析：选B 细节理解题。

从第一段“Fo r example, if scientists cloned a man, they might know what he would look like, but they wouldn’t know his quality.”可知答案。

2．In the third argument the author fears that we will ________ if we create life at will.
A．change the natural environment around us
B．disturb the ecosystem in nature
C．suffer from overpopulation
D．accelerate the extinction of animals
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段“We can see that an ecosystem (生态系统) ...I think it could lead to our extinction (灭绝)．”可知，B项正确。

3．According to the passage, what’s the author’s attitude towards cloning?
A．Positive. B．Critical.
C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

根据全文内容可知，作者并不赞成克隆，对此持批评态度。

4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．To Clone or Not
B．Why Should We Stop Cloning?
C．Scientific Research on Cloning
D．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning
解析：选B 标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，全文主要从三个方面讲述了我们为什么不要克隆。

B
Welcome to the Civic Art Museum’s Exhibit of West African Art, showing pieces from our collections.
Background
The peoples of West Africa, including the Yoruba, the Dogon, the Igbo, and the Akan, have a long art tradition. Tribes (部落) in the area have developed different styles of art and architecture that are suited to the climate and available materials and based on their traditions.
Gallery A: Photographs of Traditional West African Architecture
This section shows historical and contemporary photographs of traditional West African architecture. Of particular interest are the photographs of the Dogon village. The design of the Dogon village is based on the human figure. Certain types of buildings are placed in particular areas according to the Dogon’s complex philosophical tradition. For example, the men’s houses are placed in the “head” of the village, the leader’s house is in the “chest”，and the women’s houses are in the “hands”．Gallery B: West African Masks
The art of mask making is well developed in West Africa. Masks are important to West African traditions and have clear social, political, and economic roles. However, most masks are worn only at particular times or on special occasions. For example, among the Dan and the Kota, certain people wear special masks to show their power when they act as judges and policemen within the community. Among the Bambara of Mali, headdresses are worn during planting and harvest celebrations.
Gallery C: West African Sculptures
West African sculptures are made from materials such as metal or wood. They are based on tribal traditions and are quite different. The Dogon are especially known for making figures of their ancestors (祖先). They believe their ancestors, called Nommo, came down from the sky at the beginning of time. Nommo figures are often shown with their hands reaching out to the sky. The collection contains several wonderful examples of Nommo sculptures.
语篇解读：文章介绍了Civic Art Museum的一个展览，并对每个展览馆的展品进行了概述。

5．What is special about Dogon houses?
A．They are shaped like human beings.
B．They are designed by the village leader.
C．They are grouped according to tradition.
D．They have many photographs inside them.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

由Gallery A部分中的“Certain types of buildings are placed in particular areas according to the Dogon’s complex philosophical tradition”可知答案。

6．West African masks ________.
A．have recently developed
B．play many different roles
C．are mainly worn at harvest time
D．show the everyday life of the Dan
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由Gallery B部分中的“Masks are important to West African traditions and have clear social, political, and economic roles”可知，面具在各个领域均发挥着重要作用。

7．What do we know about the Dogon people?
A．They are afraid of Nommo figures.
B．They make statues of their ancestors.
C．They believe they will return to the sky.
D．They straighten their arms to show respect.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由Gallery C部分中的“The Dogon are especially known for making figures of thei r ancestors”可知答案。

C
For many years, people have watched wild animals doing tricks in circuses and marine parks. Elephants parade around a noisy arena. They impress the crowd with tricks they have been forced to learn —things they’d never do in
the wild.
At marine parks, orca whales — measuring up to 25 feet
long and weighing thousands of pounds — splash (溅出水花) out of the water and do amazing tricks, drawing cheers from the audience.
Sure, it’s fun to watch these wild animals up close — but many people wonder if it’s really fair to the animals? After all, an orca whale in the wild has the entire ocean as a home. They live in family groups and may travel 100 miles in a day. Is living alone swimming around in circles in a small pool a good life for an orca?
In the wild, elephants also live in close family groups. They travel long distances to find food. They’re very smart and look after each other and play together —things they can’t do as circus performers.
Today, more and more people are saying that things should change. They believe the animals deserve to live a more natural life and not be used for entertainment. And now some companies are beginning to listen.
In March 2015, Ringling Bros, and Barnum and Bailey announced that they would no longer use elephant acts in their circuses. And on May 1, 2016, the elephants performed their last show, signaling an end to a long history of elephants in circuses and traveling shows.
A year after the Ringling announcement, SeaWorld Theme Parks promised to give the orcas in their parks a better life as well. The company announced that it would begin to phase_out shows featuring orcas performing tricks. Instead, they will highlight (突出) more of the whales’ natural behaviors. SeaWorld also said they wouldn’t add any more c aptive (被俘的) orcas to their parks.
These are first steps toward putting an end to using captive wildlife for entertainment. And these changes were made after many people spoke out loud and clear to say that wild animals deserve to live wild and free.
语篇解读：马戏团里的野生动物表演为观众带来了很多乐趣，然而这种强迫动物表演杂技的做法对动物公平吗？
8．Why does the author mention elephants and orca whales in the first two paragraphs?
A．To introduce the subject.
B．To show they are very smart.
C．To stress the great fun they bring us.
D．To encourage readers to watch animal shows.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

作者在第一、二段中提到大象和虎鲸表演杂技动作，引来观众的欢呼和喝彩，紧接着作者在第三段中写道“it’s fun to watch these wild animals up close —but many people wonder if it’s really fair to the animals？”由此推断，作者提到大象和虎鲸的表演是为了引出主题。

9．What does the author say about circus animal performers?
A．They are well treated.
B．They lead an unnatural life.
C．They are relaxed and carefree.
D．They compete with each other.
解析：选B 推理判断题。

由第一段中的“... they have been forced to learn”和第三、四段中对野生虎鲸和大象及其马戏团里同伴的生活对比可知，作者认为马戏团里的动物
表演者都过着非自然的生活。

10．What do es the underlined part “phase out” in Paragraph 7 mean?
A．Put on. B．Figure out.
C．Gradually stop. D．Creatively improve.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。

由第六段中的“they would no longer use elephant acts”和第七段中的“promised to give the orcas ... a better life”和“Instead, they wi ll highlight more of the whales’ natural behaviors”可知，海洋世界主题公园宣布将会开始逐渐停止虎鲸的表演；由此推断，phase out意为“逐步淘汰，逐渐停止”。

11．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Last chance for animals
B．Tons of fun: not for everyone
C．The welfare of wild animals in circuses
D．The state of entertainment: disappearing acts
解析：选B 标题归纳题。

马戏团和海洋公园里的动物表演赢得观众阵阵喝彩，然而这种强迫动物表演杂技的做法对动物公平吗？因遭到公众的质疑，美国玲玲马戏团宣布于2016年5月完成最后一场演出后彻底谢幕，一年后，海洋世界主题公园也宣布逐步停止动物表演。

B 项作标题能概括文章主旨。

D
Last month, a group designed a truly out­of­this­world work of art — the first sculpture created in space. The ring­shaped plastic artwork, called Laugh, was made aboard the International Space Station (ISS)．
The sculpture was the idea of Israeli artist Eyal Gever and California­based company Made In Space. Made In Space built the 3D printer found aboard the ISS. The team used the printer to create Laugh, a physical representation of human laughter, inside the ISS.
As the first artist to work in space. Gever wanted his sculpture to appeal to (吸引) everyone back on Earth. So he chose a subject that crosses all cultures: laughter.
Gever started by collecting different sounds of human laughter. To do that, he turned to crowdsourcing (getting the services of a large number of people to help with a project). Gever designed a smartphone app people could use to record their laughter. The app then turned the sound waves that make up each laugh into a “laugh star” — a digital 3D model that looks like a jagged donut (边缘不整齐的甜甜圈)．More than 100,000 people downloaded the app to create personal laugh stars. Then
users voted (投票) for their favorites. The winning laugh belonged to Naughtia Jane Stanko of Las Vegas. Her digital model was sent to the ISS and printed in space to become Laugh.
Astronauts usually use the ISS’s 3D printer to make spare pa rts, tools, and other equipment. But the team at Made In Space wanted to show the public how technology and art can come together. They hoped the combination could create something that symbolizes all people and their achievements.
“It’s important for the world to see that technology and art are not independent of one another，” Andrew Rush, the president and CEO of Made In Space, said in a recent statement. “We’ve enjoyed being a part of this project, and hope that it communicates to the world that innovation (革新) and creativity are the driving forces behind humanity’s future in space.”
语篇解读：文章介绍了一件名为“笑星”的3D打印作品成为第一件在太空中制作的艺术品。

12．What do we know about Laugh?
A．It’s the first 3D­printed object brought to space.
B．It’s the first creation of ISS’s 3D printer.
C．It’s the first artwork made beyond our planet.
D．It’s the first sculpture of Eyal Gever.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

由第一段的“a truly out­of­this­world work of art —the first sculpture created in space”可知，这件名为“笑星”的独特艺术作品是第一件在太空中制作的艺术品。

13．Why did Eyal Gever choose “laughter” as the subject for his artwork?
A．To entertain the astronauts on the ISS.
B．To show the power of human laughter.
C．To record different sounds of human laughter.
D．To attract much public attention to his artwork.
解析：选 D 细节理解题。

由第三段的“Gever wanted his scul pture to appeal to everyone back on Earth. So he chose a subject that crosses all cultures: laughter”可知，作为第一个在太空中工作的艺术家，Eyal Gever为了吸引公众关注他的艺术品，因而选取了“笑”这个可以跨越所有文化的主题。

14．What are Paragraphs 4 & 5 mainly about?
A．How Laugh was created.
B．Who Laugh should belong to.
C．Why Laugh was sent to the ISS.
D．What is the true meaning of Laugh.
解析：选A 段落大意题。

通读第四、五段内容可知，以色列艺术家Eyal Gever为了实现该作品的创作，特别研发了一款应用程序用来让世界各地的用户记录他们的笑声，随后这些笑声被可视化为一个3D模型，最后再通过投票选出最终的打印作品。

故这两段是对“笑星”这件艺术品如何被创作的过程的描述。

15．What does Andrew Rush want the public to learn from Laugh?
A．The possibilities of art.
B．The power of technology.
C．The different forms of art.
D．The importance of creativity.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

由最后一段的“hope that it communicates to the world that innovation and creativity are the driving forces behind humanity’s future in space”可知，Andrew Rush希望公众能从这件独特的艺术品上看到创造力对人类在空间探索方面所起到的重要作用。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

The difference between love and like
“Like” and “love” are different terms used to describe feeling s. __16__ However, the defining line between liking and loving can be vague, and is drawn differently for everyone who crosses it.
A person may say that she loves her best friend, her husband and her son. __17__ The same goes for the word “like”. You can l ike your science class and like your lab partner, but you don’t like them in the same way.
•Liking someone
People typically use the word “like” as a weaker version of the word “love”，regardless of context (背景)．
__18__ People also use “like” to describe rom antic emotions that are not fully developed.
•Loving someone
Robert Sternberg, a psychologist at Cornell University, developed a theory of love, which has become standard within the field of psychology. His theory states that true love is achieved when the relationship between two people is made up of。