2020-2021学年北京101中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年北京101中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Prague is one of Europe's most magical cities with its postcard views. To experience the best of Prague, we've put together a walking guide to help you explore the city. Choosing this self-guided tour means that you can do it at your own pace.
Vrtba Garden
One of Prague's most beautiful and precious gardens. The garden dates back to 1720 with its old school Italian baroque style. This is one of Prague's lesser known attractions so you may not find many tourists around, but it's well worth the visit and a great way to start your walking tour of Prague.
Address:Kamelitsksá, 373/25, 118 00 Praha 1-Malá Strana, Czechia
Saint Nicholas Church
The most famous church in Prague is the Saint Nicholas Church. Three generations of great architects took around 100 years to build this magnificent church. The church remains active to this day, so why not go and have a close look at the church?
Address:Malostranské nám., 118 00 Praha I-Malá Strana, Czechia
Prague Castle
Situated on a hill on the left bank of river Vitava, the Prague Castle is roughly the size of seven football fields, which is the largest ancient castle in the world, so there's a lot to see. The Prague Castle has been rebuilt many times through the centuries, so it is an obvious mix of architectural styles.
Address:119 08 Prague 1, Czechia
Lennon Wall
The wall is not just a memorial for John Lennon and his ideas for peace. It speaks highly of freedom of speech and is a form of non-violent rebellion of Czech youth who fought against authorities during 1980.
Address:Velkopřevorské náměstí, 100 00 Praha 1, Czechia
1.What is the advantage of the self-guided tour?
A.It offers tourists a visit to Prague for free.
B.It provides a guide to help with the tour.
C.There is no need for tourists to rush.
D.There are many beautiful postcards on sale.
2.What is said about Vrtba Garden?
A.It is the oldest garden in Prague.
B.It has already attracted most tourists.
C.It is a good choice to begin your tour.
D.It is the only one in Italian baroque style.
3.What should you do when visiting the Prague Castle?
A.You should allow more time to explore the site.
B.You should have a good time playing football.
C.You should research the history of the Castle.
D.You should be careful when crossing the river Vitava.
B
It is universally acknowledged that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels.It is true for wind and solar. However, the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think.
A new study by the Environmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts of 1,500 hydropower facilities across the globe. That accounts for about half of hydropower generation worldwide. The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they looked into all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gasemissions (排放).
“There are so many contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower — but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir (水库) itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam thatis used for the hydropower generation.” said lissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation breaks down, it releases greenhouse gases such as CO2.
“The larger the surface area of the reservoir, the more greenhouse gases are going to be given out from that reservoir. Also, the temperature plays a role as well how warm the reservoir is will affect how much greenhouse gases are produced and given out from the reservoir.” added Ocko.
Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower cover a complete range. The good news is that some facilities
perform just as well as wind and solar. But shockingly, more than 100 facilities are actually worse for the climate than fossil fuels. The study is in the journalEnvironmentalScience and Technology.
This finding doesn't mean we should forget about hydropower. “But we just need to be careful to make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lot of situations where hydropower can be equal to wind and solar. So it really depends on the specific facility." said Ocko.
4. How do scientists prove hydropower facilities' effect on the climate?
A. By making comparisons.
B. By conducting experiments.
C. By referring to previous studies.
D. By analyzing causes and effects.
5. What are the main sources of greenhouse gases from hydropower?
A. Vegetation and soils.
B. Heat and sunlight.
C. Pollutants in the reservoir.
D. Components of the generators.
6. What have Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg found?
A The surface area of a reservoir decides the climate.
B. Hydropower often influences the climate in all aspects.
C. Some facilities perform much better than wind and solar.
D. Fossil fuels are worse for the climate than over 100 facilities.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. Scientists urge an end to hydropower.
B. Hydropower is not necessarily green.
C. Hydropower is worse than fossil fuels.
D. Renewable energy is a complicated issue.
C
On World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8, the US National Geographic Society announced it would recognize the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, bringing the global total to five.
Unlike the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and PacificOceans—which are defined by the continents that bound them—the Southern Ocean is instead characterized by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current（南极洋流）. According to the National Geographic, the Southern Ocean includes most of the waters surrounding Antarcticaout to 60 degrees south latitude（纬度）.
"Encircled by the powerfully swift ACC, it is the only ocean to touch three others and to completely embrace a continent rather than being embraced by them," Sylvia Earle, a marine biologist and oceanographer, told the
Daily Mail.
Those familiar with the Southern Ocean know it's unlike any other. "Anyone who has been there will struggle to explain what's so charming about it, but they'll all agree that the glaciers are bluer, the air colder, the mountains more awful and the landscapes morecaptivatingthan anywhere else you can go," Seth Sykora-Bodie, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told National Geographic.
National Geographic hopes their revised maps will bring public awareness to the region, thereby encouraging Southern Ocean conservation—but its significance is beyond that.
"We think it's really important from an educational standpoint, as well as from a map-labeling standpoint, to bring attention to the Southern Ocean as a fifth ocean," Alex Tait, National Geographic Society geographer, told The Post. "So when students learn about parts of the ocean world, they learn it's an interconnected ocean, and they learn there are these regions called oceans that are really important, and there's a distinct one in the icy waters around Antarctica."
8. Why is the Southern Ocean different from other oceans?
A. It has never been explored before.
B. It surrounds the Antarctic all around.
C. It is enclosed by the fast-flowing ACC.
D. It has ecologically distinct environment.
9. What does the underlined word "captivating" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Strange.
B. Unusual.
C. Attractive.
D. Informal.
10. What does the National Geographic think of the Southern Ocean?
A. It will be instructive for students.
B. It will promote tourism development.
C. It will encourage public to treasure water.
D. It will draw scientists to study in the Antarctic.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. World Oceans Day
B. Revised Antarctic Maps
C. Adding a New Ocean
D. New Discovery under the Sea
D
A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects (缺陷) and a father's age, alcohol
use and environmental factors, say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center. They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.
The study, published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells, suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring — a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate, says the study's senior investigator, Joanna Kitlinska, PhD, an associate professor in biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology.
“We know the nutritional, hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure, cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,” she says.
“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers — his lifestyle, and how old he is, can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,” she says. “In this way, a father can affect not only his immediate offspring, but future generations as well.”
For example, a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal (胎儿的) alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), even though the mother has never consumed alcohol, Kitlinska says. “Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics, suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”
Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases, and birth defects in his children.
A limited diet during a father’s preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren. Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells, changes in metabolic regulation, diabetes, obesity and development of brain cancer. Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring. And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight, marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.
“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,” Kitlinska says. “And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child, we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects, as opposed to considering each in isolation.”
12. What’s the message the writer conveys in the passage?
A. Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.
B. Father’s age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.
C. Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.
D. Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.
13. What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?
A. FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.
B. A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.
C. A father’s lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.
D. Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.
14. Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to children’s birth defects?
A. Having a father with a limited diet.
B. Having a father who is an alcoholic.
C. Having an overweight father.
D. Having a father with psychosocial stress.
15. What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?
A. The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.
B. The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.
C. The clinical application of the research findings.
D. The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace,Florence,Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family toEngland.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick.___16___Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
ButFlorencewas determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals inFrance,GermanyandIrelandand learned everything she could.___17___
In 1854,Britainwas at war withRussia.Florencewent to the British hospital in Scutari (now Üsküdar inIstanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.___18___Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived.___19___Florencemade changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions(捐款).Now she could set up theNightingaleTraining SchoolinLondon.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.___20___All of this
was because of the “lady with the lamp”.
A. Nursing became an honored profession.
B. There was no running water and no heat.
C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D.Florencesaw the soldiers’ health had improved.
E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F. They soon realized thatFlorenceknew what she was doing.
G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It was 15 years ago that one of the most upset things in my life happened. In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon____21____forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you____22____so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a(an)____23____.”
Flash came into my____24____when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he____25____my family with joy.
Then,____26____happened. My mum was diagnosed with (被诊断出) breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my strength,____27____for lung cancer. My sister____28____Crohn’s Disease and while being tested, suffered a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to____29____classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the comfort he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no____30____, but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow____31____me. I knew he was____32____there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was____33____. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I____34____in a non-profit organization inSouthamptonand contributed about 3,500 hours to____35____children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the____36____I had been on, and even accept the____37____bits.
I still miss Flash. It was he that had somehow____38____me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the____39____moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that____40____me in the best possible way—forever.
21. A. open B. fade C. shine D. close
22. A. told B. brought C. saved D. owed
23. A. reward B. award C. bonus D. relief
24. A. world B. room C. mind D. power
25. A. helped B. protected C. filled D. decorated
26. A. wonders B. stories C. disasters D. mistakes
27. A. went away B. passed away C. died away D. flew away
28. A. developed B. caused C. noticed D. gained
29. A. pass B. skip C. take D. enjoy
30. A. use B. time C. money D. hope
31. A. annoy B. ease C. lift D. change
32. A. frequently B. sometimes C. always D. hardly
33. A. aging B. deserted C. missing D. gone
34. A. searched B. volunteered C. competed D. performed
35. A. talking about B. meeting with C. caring for D. bringing up
36. A. earth B. street C. holiday D. journey
37. A. fantastic B. difficult C. awkward D. pleasant
38. A. trained B. forced C. inspired D. persuaded
39. A. fullest B. saddest C. tiniest D. craziest
40. A. explained B. admitted C. transformed D. described
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
In 1985, there was little rainfall in Ethiopia, which____41.____(lead) to poor harvests and the death of many of the country's cattle. Bob Geldof organized a charity concert to help the victims. In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency,____42.____(call)the World Food Programme.
Today, some developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America still need help in order not to fall further behind. The sad truth is that____43.____(mere) sending loaves of bread is far from enough.There is____44.____saying that goes,'Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man____45.____(fish), and you feed him for the rest of his life'. In a bid to find a permanent solution to this long-term problem, countries need to develop.
____46.____developing countries need most is to stop____47.____(poor) by fighting the causes of it.
Another way to help is through the development of private enterprise along with job training. Finally. we must remember that the future of a country lies in the hands of____48.____(it)children.
A lot is being done,____49.____we cannot pretend that the fight is over._____50._____(great) efforts need to be made so that people all over the world live better lives.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last week our teacher announced that a Chinese Character Dictation Competition will be held in the auditorium on July 3. Many of us were interested and hoped to join in it, and only one competitor was allowed for each class. Luckily, I got chance.
In the following days, I buried me in preparing for the competition. My classmates gave me a lot of good advices. As the competition was approaching, I felt more and more confident. The day finally came. Some characters were very challenging that many of the competitors got stuck while I succeeded on writing down most of them and won the first prize. When I was standing excited on the stage, pictures of my classmates helps me flashed into my mind. The victory and honor were belonged to all of us.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你班的交换生Tom在中国已经学习三个月，但是他依然觉得学习中文很困难、经常失眠且不知道如何交新朋友。

请你给他写封邮件，给出一些建议。

内容包括：
1.向同学或老师请教学习方法；
2.睡前听点音乐；
3.主动和别人交流并提供帮助。

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
16. E 17. G 18. B 19. F 20. A
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32.
C 33.
D 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. led
42. called 43. merely
59 a 44. to fish
45. What 46. poverty
47. its 48. yet## but
49. Greater
51.(1).will→would
(2).and→but
(3).got后加the
(4).me→myself
(5).advices→advice
(6).very→so
(7).on→in
(8).excited→excitedly
(9).helps→helping
(10).were删掉
52.略。