高考英语一轮复习 专题02 The United Kingdom(教学案)新人教版必修5

专题02 The United Kingdom
【高频单词】
1．unite (vi.&vt.) 联合；团结→united (adj.) 团结的；联合的→union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会
2．consist (vi.) 组成；在于；一致→consistent (adj.) 一致的
3．convenience (n.) 便利；方便→convenient (adj.) 方便的
4．attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的
5．description (n.) 描写；描述→describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘
6．furnished (adj.) 配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish (vt.) 装备；(用家具等)
布置(房间、公寓)；提供
7．possibility (n.) 可能(性)→possible (adj.) 可能的；合理的
8．arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理→arrangement (n.) 布置；整理
9．delight (n.) 快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的
10．fold (vt.) 折叠；对折→(反义词)unfold (vt.) 展开；打开；呈现
11．thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled (adj.) 激动的
12．clarify (vt.) 澄清；阐明→clarified(adj.) 得到净化的
13．accomplish(vt.) 完成；达到；实现→accomplishment(n.)完成；成就
14．unwilling(adj.)不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)→unwillingly(adv.)不愿意(地)；无奈地→unwillingness(n.)不愿意；无奈
15．rough(adj.)粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly(adv.)粗略地；粗糙地
16．enjoyable(adj.)令人愉快的；使人高兴的→enjoy(vt.)享受……的乐趣；欣赏；喜爱→enjoyment(n.)愉快；快乐；乐趣
【重点短语】
1．consist_of 由……组成
2．divide...into 把……分成
3．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；
在……名下
5．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take_the_place_of 代替
7．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．refer_to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及
9．make_a_list_of 列出一张……的清单
10．on_special_occasions 在特殊场合
11．be_proud_of 对……感到骄傲
12．in_memory_of 为纪念……
【热点句型】
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included_as_well(发现……也包括在内)．
2．do表示强调，强调谓语动词
To their credit the four countries do_work_together (的确共同协作) in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.
3．过去分词短语作后置定语
For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built_by (被……建造) the Romans.
4．过去分词短语作状语
Worried_about_the_time_available (担心时间不够), Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London
5．状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when_first_built (刚建成的时候)！
6．It seems/is...that...“似乎……”
It_seemed_strange that (这似乎是一件怪事) the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
高频考点一、单词
例1、consist vi.组成；在于；一致
How many countries does the UK consist of？
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？
【归纳拓展】
(1)consist of＝be made up of 由……组成；由……构成
consist in 在于
(2)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
【名师点睛】
consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时，其同义短语有：
be made up of； be composed of。

【语境助记】
①Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch (which consists_of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert)．
学生们会被供以早餐、晚餐还有一顿做好的或打包好的午餐(由一个三明治、一杯饮料和一份甜点组成)。

②Success consists_in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
成功在于历经失败持续努力的能力。

③If what you say is_not_consistent_with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
如果你言行不一，那将对孩子有不好的影响。

例2、convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.
英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大致可划分成三个地区。

【归纳拓展】
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for the convenience of... 为了方便……
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
if it is convenient (to/for you) 如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事。

(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
【名师点睛】
convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。

“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。

【语境助记】
①When you come to school, please visit my office at_your_convenience.
你来学校时，请方便时到我的办公室来一下。

②If it's convenient_for you, let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
如果方便的话，让我们8：30在校门口见。

③I'm convinced that it will be more convenient_for_people_to_do shopping online in the future.
我相信未来人们网上购物会变得更加方便。

例3、attract vt.吸引；引起注意
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。

【归纳拓展】
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
be attracted by 被……所吸引
(2)attraction n. 有趣的东西；吸引人之物
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
【语境助记】
①Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.
她的新衣服引起了很大关注。

②Even the youngest children in the class were_attracted_by the story.
即使是班里最小的孩子都被这个故事所吸引。

③This programme has little attraction for the audience.
这个节目对观众几乎没有一点吸引力。

④But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction.
但是对于像我这样的游客，熊猫是它最具吸引力的东西了。

例4、arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company.
他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。

【归纳拓展】
(1)arrange (for) sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事
arrange to_do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/某物做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排；准备
make arrangements/an arrangement for...为……做安排
【名师点睛】
表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.，而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。

【语境助记】
①Parents arrange_everything_for_their_children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子准备好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。

②She arranged_for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
她为我安排了一架小型飞机，让我改道在纽瓦克转机，我回到英国的时间比原本计划的时间还要早。

③Have you arranged_to_meet Mark this weekend?
你安排好周末与马克会面了吗？
④I am looking forward to being told about your_arrangements of vacation.
我盼望着你告诉我你的假期安排。

例5、delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜
Her first delight was going to the Tower.
她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。

【归纳拓展】
(1)much to one's delight to one's great delight 令某人非常高兴的是 take delight in 以……为乐 with delight 高兴地
(2)delighted adj . 高兴的；快乐的 be delighted to_do sth. 乐意做某事 be delighted at 因……感到高兴
(3)delightful adj . 使人快乐的；宜人的
【语境助记】
①To_my_delight,_I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。

②We take_delight_in going for long walks in the country.
我们乐于去乡间远足。

③I was delighted_at the presence of such a student.
我对这样一个学生的出现感到很高兴。

④Thanks for the invitation; I'd be_delighted_to come.
谢谢你的邀请；我很乐意来。

⑤It's delightful_to_see so many beautiful flowers.
看到这么多漂亮的花真令人高兴。

高频考点二、短语
例1、divide...into... 把……分成……
England can be divided into three main areas
英格兰可以划分为三个主要地区。

【归纳拓展】
divide among/between 在……之间分配
divided adj. 分裂的；有分歧的
【语境助记】
①A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments. 一个句子可以划分成有意义的若干部分。

②We divided the work between us.
我们共同分担这项工作。

③The government is divided on this issue.
政府在这个问题上意见不统一。

【易混辨析】
例2、take the place of 代替
All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions...
下面所有的单词都可以代替said，但它们用于不同的情况……
【归纳拓展】
take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态)
take one's place 取代某人
in the place of 代替；取代
in place 在适当的位置
out_of place 不适当的；不在适当的位置上
【语境助记】
①[牛津高阶]Computers have taken_the_place_of_ typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。

②The 31st Olympic Games took_place in Brazil in 2016.
第三十一届奥运会于2016年在巴西举行。

③She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took_her_place.
她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。

④In_place_of our advertised programme, we will be showing a film.
我们将放映一部电影来代替广告节目。

⑤The chairs for the concert were nearly all in_place.
音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了。

例3、break down (机器)出故障；(计划、希望、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；分解
On my way to the station my car broke down.
在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。

【归纳拓展】
break through 突破；穿透
break up 分散；拆散；结束；(关系等破裂
【语境助记】
①写出下列句中break down的含义
a．The car broke down on the way to the airport.(车辆)抛锚
b．Your health will break down if you work too hard.(身体)垮掉
c．Plastic bags are difficult to break down.分解
d．The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
②[2016·北京高考]Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break_up without warning.
诺顿湾被冰层覆盖，而有时冰层会悄无声息地破裂。

③Scientists think they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。

高频考点三、句型
例1、It looked splendid when_first_built！
刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！
【归纳拓展】
(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分是动词be的某种形式，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when＋分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。

(2)引导状语从句时可以省略的连词还有：
while, once, as, as if, when, unless, until, even if, though, if等。

【语境助记】
①Once_(it_is)_seen,_it'll never be forgotten.
一旦见到，它就不会被忘记。

②When_(I_was)_planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》)，I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles.
但计划《大英百科全书》的时候，我不得不以它里边文章的话题为基础创建了一个内容表。

③If_(you_are)_accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你会很快被通知的。

④If__(it_is)_possible,_I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。

⑤Be careful when_(you_are)_crossing_the_street.
过街时要当心。

2 It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism
should_have_lived_and_died in London.
这似乎令人不可思议：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。

【归纳拓展】
(1)在“It＋系动词＋形容词(strange, necessary, natural, important) that...”句型里，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，形式为“shoul d＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

(2)在It is/was suggested (ordered, required, desired, advocated, etc.) that...句型中，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

【语境助记】
①It is strange that he_(should)_have_done such silly things.
真是奇怪，他竟然做出如此愚蠢的事情。

②It is recommended that the plan (should)_be_put_off.
有人建议推迟这个计划。

3 Now when people refer to England you find_Wales_included as well.
现在当人们谈到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也被包含在内。

【归纳拓展】
(1)本句属于“find＋宾语＋作宾语补足语的过去分词”结构，其中过去分词是对宾语Wales进行补充说明，与Wales之间存在被动关系。

(2)“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的句型结构常为：
语＋宾补find ＋宾n./adj./adv./prep.短语done(表示被动和动作已经完成
【语境助记】
①[牛津高阶]They found_him_to_be charming.
他们觉得他很招人喜欢。

②I suddenly found_myself_running down the street.
我突然发觉自己不知不觉沿着街道跑了起来。

③I found it a_boring_film.
我发现那是一部乏味的影片。

④I hope to find you in_better_spirits when we meet again.
我希望我们下次见面时，你的精神状况会更好。

⑤You may find_it_hard to accept your illness.
你可能觉得难以接受自己的疾病。

高频考点四、语法
过去分词作宾补
1、宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后，对宾语起补充说明的作用，而过去分词作宾补，一般表示被动或完成的意义，宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

I noticed their car parked outside.
2、能用过去分词作宾补的几类动词
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, listen to等。

He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep，leave等。

Lucy has a great sense of humour and always ketif her colleagues amused with her stories.
【名师点睛】
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种用法：
①表示让别人做某事
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”等
My sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
③表示自己完成某事或自己参与完成某事
Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English improved in a short period of time.
(3)表示“希望，愿望或要求”等意义的词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order 等。

The teacher wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
(4)用在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”结构中，表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。

With the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday.
3、现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别
现在分词作宾补，宾语是动作的执行者
过去分词作宾补，宾语是动作的承受者
I found him lying on the grass just now.
I found him buried in a novel.
【2018·全国I】假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。

请你回复邮件。

内容包括：
(1).到达时间；
(2).合适的礼物；
【答案】Dear Terry,
How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.
Hopefully, these suggestions will be helpful for you.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【2018·全国II】你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：
(1)短片内容：学校的发展；
(2)放映时间、地点；
(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。

注意：
(1)词数100左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【答案】One possible version:
Boys and girls,
I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.
It will be displayed in the School Film Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.
That’s all. Thank you.
The Students Union
June 8, 2018
【2018·全国III】假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。

请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 学校的体育场馆；
2. 主要的运动项目；
3. 你喜欢的项目。

注意：1. 词数100左右：
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

___________________________________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________________________________ _____________
___________________________________________________________________________ _____________
__________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give
you a rough sketch.
To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the
new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I’m intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Y ours,
L i Hua
【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提
到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。

他向你咨询相关信息。

请给他回邮件，内
容包括：
(1) 表示欢迎；
(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；
(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意：(1). 词数不少于50；
(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________
Yours,
L i Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance is needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
3.【2017·新课标III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school
friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位。

61. resting考查非谓语动词。

固定短语：spend time doing sth
62. a考查冠词。

model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指“一个”，故填a。

63. was told 考查动词。

根据句意判断谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told。

64．这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，且关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。

69．在一般现在时中，主语是第三人称单数，所以填comes。

70．用副词修饰形容词。

4.【2017·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says Pahlsson
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and six— had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。

主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情。

56.考查名词。

根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，可知用名词复数，故填carrots。

57.考查形容词。

“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。

故填shiny或shining。

58.考查固定句式。

根据“Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，so…that,如此…以至于，故填so。

59.考查代词。

I had hurt 59 (I)，主语为I,横线处为宾语，替代主语时，应用代词。

故填myself。

60.考查形容词。

says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early)，用形容词比较级修饰Sixteen years，Sixteen years earlier16年前；故填earlier。

61.考查动词不定式。

Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal，一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以用不定式表目的状语。

故填to cook。

62.考查动词时态。

根据“but turned up nothing”，可知句子为过去时，“Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen”故填searched。

63.考查动词。

“Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish”，ring与sweep之间是被动关系，故填swept。

65．句意：它的回来（指戒指失而复得）是一件很奇妙的事。

wonder在这句话中的词性是名词，可数名词单数前需要加冠词。

故填a。