高中英语B7 Unit3 grammar

3) I smell something ___ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (burn / burnt / burning / being burnt)
4) ___ surprised us. (Mary’s refusing/ Mary is refuse/Mary refuses/Mary refusing)
houses being built.
作宾语补足语
v-ing 的用法：
1. 作主语
★ B__e_in__g__s_e_l_e_c_t_e_d___ (select) Monitor of
the class made him feel proud. ★ His being selected Monitor made his
① I had already heard that George didn’t like bbeeiinnggkkeeppttwwaaititiningg, so even though I
did not have the right clothes on, I grabbed my boots and raced after him.
★ I appreciate __h_a_v_i_n_g_b_e_e_n__g_iv_e_n___ the chance to study abroad.
我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。
补充
• 只接动名词做宾语的动词及短语有mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, bear, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider等，can't help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, be far from, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to等。
v–ing 形式的构成
名称
形式
意义
功能
主动 <not> doing 主动，进行 作主语、宾
一
语、表语、
般 式
被动
宾补、定语、
被动，进行 状语，但不
<not> being done
能单独作
_谓___语__。
主动
主动，完成
完
<not> having done
成 被动
式
<not> having
被动，完__成___
4. What made him happy was being invited to
Mary’s birthday party.
作表语
5. Having been given such a good chance, how
could she let it slip away?
作状语
6. As we approached the village we saw new
Please tell me the subjects _t_o_b_e__d_is_c_u_s_s_e_d__ (discuss) at the next meeting.
请告诉我下个会议要讨论的主题.
They heard their shop windows_b_e_in__g_p_a_i_n_t_ed__ (paint) by two workers. They heard their shop windows painted (paint) three days before.
__b_e__in__g__a_d_m__i_t_te__d___ (admit) to visit
his/her idol in the flesh.
3.作宾语 ★ The dog disliked _b__e_in_g__i_g_n_o_r_e_d_ (ignore) by it's owner.
5. 作宾语补足语
表示动作正在进行。常用在“感官动词 （see, notice, find, look at, watch, hear等）＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
★ We see the bearb_e_i_n_g__i_n_v__it_e_d_ (invite) by
the monkey to help him.
2) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help persuading into buying something they don’t really need. __p_e_rs_u__a_d_in_g_→__b_e_i_n_g_p__e_rs_u_a_d_e_d_
been done
动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?
1. So being killed by sharks was a common
occurrence. 作主语 2. He didn’t mind being left at home. 作宾语 3. That building being repaired is our lib作rar定y.语
B7 U3 Grammar
The pass-ing形式由 动词原形+ing 构成，其 否定形式是 not doing ；
• v-ing可以带宾语或状语构成v-ing短语， 没有 人称 和 数 的变化， 但有 时态 和 语态 的变化
Mark the Passive -ing form.
➢The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning.
(应改为who gave us) ➢Those having finished their work can go home now.
(应改为who have finished)
★B__e_in__g_a_s__k_e_d__ (ask)by the host, he said he was not a legacy but a normal person.
注意：1.动名词的主动形式表被动含义
一些动词如need, want, require，deserve等 作“需要”讲时, 其后的动词 -ing 形式的主动语态 表示被动意义, 也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。
3) Heard the bad news，she burst into tears. ___H__e_a_rd__→_H__e_a_ri_ng
3. 现在分词的独立主格结构
So much money having been set aside, Tom could buy a new car. The biography having been completed, its writer went to the seaside. 归纳： 如果现在分词所表示的动作有自己 独立的逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构。
6. 作状语
现在分词的被动式在句子可以作状语， 在结构 上相当于一个状语从句（不作目的状语），单独 放在句首，与句子的逻辑主语有动宾关系。
★ H__a_v_i_n_g__b__e_e_n__i_n_v_i_t_e_d(invite), Mr. Ma went to
the meeting though he was so busy.
② I could see a whale bbeeiinnggaattttaacckkeedd by a pack of about six other killers.
③ Being bbaaddllyywwoouunnddeedd, the whale soon
died. ④ From James’ face, I could see he was
5) _____ such heavy pollution already, the river may be difficult to clean up.
(Having suffered/Suffering/To suffer/ Suffered)
单句改错
1) He has always insisted on be called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. __b_e_→__b_e_in_g_
family feel very happy.
★ It's fun __b__e_in__g__t_a_k_e_n____ (take) to
the zoo.
v-ing 的用法：
2. 作表语（往往表示一种概念、习惯或经 验，或说明主语的内容。）
★ The happiness of a fan is
2 ) 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语， 此时要用从句来表示，如：
➢Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to
go.)
➢His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (应改为who is)
4. 作定语 ★The large house_b_e_i_n_g__b_u_i_lt__is a new
shopping mall. 正在施工的大楼是一座新的综合商店．
现在分词（短语）不能作定语的情况
1) 现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先 于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。另外， 一般也不用现在分词的完成式作定语。
The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired.
另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法： The problem is worth discussing. = The problem is worthy of being discussed. = The problem is worthy to be discussed.
terrified of being abandoneedd by us. ⑤ I saw James bbeeiinngg hheelldd uupp in the water
by Old Tom.
如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所表 示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式要 用 被动语态 ，动词-ing形式的被 动语态有 一般式 与 完成式 之分。 完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语 动作 之前 。
2.非谓语动词的区别：
现在分词被动式(being done)表示正在进行 的被动动作， 不定式的被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动 动作, 过去分词(done)表示已经完成了的被动动作。
We must keep a secret of the things _b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_se_d___ (discuss) here. 我们必须对现在正在这里讨论的事保密.
随堂练习
选词填空
1) ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (Throw/Throwing/Being thrown/Threw)
2) The storm left, ___ a lot of damage to this area. (cause/causing/having caused/ caused)