【配套K12】2019年高考英语一轮复习1.3Traveljournal讲含解析

1.3 Travel journal
单元知识预览
晨读范文背诵
[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。

请给他回信,内容包括:
1.学校的体育场馆;
2.主要的运动项目;
3.你喜欢的项目。

注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to hear from you and I'd like to have a simple reply to your question about students' sports in my school.
There is a big playground in my school, where many sports activities used to be held there. But now it hasn't been able to satisfy students' requirements of sports, so a big stadium is being built up near the playground. Soon lots of main sports projects such as basketball, table tennis and volleyball matches in my school can be held there and we will have an opportunity to have all kinds of exercise, even though it's rainy. I'm crazy about playing table tennis and my dream is to be a national table tennis player in the future.
What about students' sports in your school? And what is the sport you like best? I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．prefer vt. 更喜欢
【教材原句】Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?
【例句研读】
(1)I prefer to walk (＝walking) there.我________步行去那儿。

（1）宁愿
(2)He said he preferred the country to the city.
他说城市和乡村_______，他______喜欢乡村。

（2）相比……更……
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
根据句意完成句子
(1)She prefers ___________ to ____________.跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。

(2)The soldier preferred ____________ rather than ____________.这位战士宁死不屈。

(3)I'd prefer you __________________ there alone.我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。

(4)We prefer that they (______) ______ it in a different way.我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。

【答案】（1）dancing；singing （2）to die；give in （3）not to go（4）（should）do 考点2．persuade vt. 劝说；说服
【教材原句】Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。

【例句研读】
(1)I have never persuaded him into taking others' advice.
我从没__________过他听从别人的劝告。

（1）说服
(2)She tried to persuade him to change his mind.
她试图_______________。

（2）劝他改变主意
(3)How can I persuade you of my sincerity?
＝How can I persuade you that I am sincere?
我怎样才能___________我的诚意呢？（3）使你相信
【归纳拓展】
【词语辨析】比较：persuade/advise
(1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的－ing 形式做宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。

(2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而advise 无此用法
【即时巩固】
(1)I ________________________________ with my English.
我已说服他帮助我学习英语。

(2)I've ________________________ drinking by ____________________ many times.
通过多次劝告，我说服他戒了酒。

(3) Alice trusts you ; only you can____her to give up the foolish idea. A．insist B．advise C．suffer D．persuade
考点3．determine vt.&vi. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心
【教材原句】She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。

【例句研读】
(1)Income determines one's standard of living.收入决定一个人的生活水平。

(2)I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。

(3)He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.他下定决心无论如何都要出人头地。

【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1)She determined that she ______ never ______ him again.
她下决心再也不要见到他。

(2)We __________________ catch up with them in a month.我们下定决心一个月内赶上他们。

(3)The teacher's encouraging words______________________________.
老师鼓舞的话使他决心努力学习。

选择填空
（4）______ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “______， an English teacher for a ten－year－old gi rl.”
A．Determined; wanted B．Determined; wanting
C．Determine; wanted D．Determining; wanting
【答案】（1）would；see（2）are determined to（3）determined him to work hard （4）A【解析】第一空 determined to do 做状语，表示“下定决心”；第二空 wanted 表示“被需要”。

考点4．attitude n. 态度；看法
【教材原句】Write down Wang Wei’s and Wang Kun’s attitude to the trip写下王伟和王坤对待这次旅行的态度。

【例句研读】
(1)What's your attitude ______ the plan?你对此计划看法如何？
(2)It's not his work that bothers me; it's his _________.困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。

【答案】（1）to （2）attitude
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1)I have to ____________________________ you.我只好改变对你的态度。

(2)He ________________________________ his school work.他对自己功课的态度很端正。

(3)Many foreigners changed their attitude ________ Chinese tennis players after Li Na made history in the French Open.
A．with B．for C．of D．to
考点5．insist vt.&vi.坚持认为；坚决要求，一定要
【教材原句】Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。

【例句研读】
（1）You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要__________，你就稍后再来吧。

（1）坚持
（2）Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈___________我
们自己洗衣服。

（2）坚决要求
（3）I insisted that we(should)tell this to her.我________我们把这件事告诉她。

（3）坚持要求
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1)He insisted that he _________anything.他坚持说他从来没有偷过任何东西。

(2)The engineer________________having his plan carried out.工程师坚决要求执行他的计划。

(3)I insisted that she________________with you. 我坚决要求她跟你走。

(4)Madame Curie insisted that there________something in nature that gave out radiation.
居里夫人坚持认为自然界中有物质能释放出射线。

(5)Jane's uncle insisted ________ in this hotel any longer.
A．not staying B．not to stay
C．that he not stay D．staying not
考点6．beneath prep.在……下面adv.在下方；在底下
【教材原句】As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。

【例句研读】
(1)在书底下有一张纸。

There's a piece of paper_________.
(2)他接受的教育不如我。

He is __________in education.
(3)他住在下面一层。

He lives on the___________.
(4)猫正藏在沙发底下。

The cat is hiding___________.
【答案】(1)beneath the book(2) beneath me(3) floor beneath(4) beneath the sofa
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
用beneath, below或under填空
(1)I sat ________ a tree and took a rest.
(2)The temperature fell ________ zero last night.
(3)It would be ________ him to do that.
【答案】(1)under (2)below (3)beneath
重点短语精讲
考点1．care about 关心，在乎
【教材原句】Of course, she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about details.当然她并没有看过——我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。

【例句研读】
(1)He doesn't care much about what happens to me.他不_________我所发生的事。

（1）太关心
(2)Would you care for a drink? 你_______喝一杯吗？（2）想
(3)The state must care for the families of soldiers killed in the war.
国家必须_______阵亡军人家属的生活。

（3）照料
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
用care, care about与care for的适当形式填空
(1)Mr Black，who didn't ________ money，never______his salary.
(2)Would you ____________ a cup of coffee?
(3)I don't ____________if I never see her again!
(4) — Does your wife like tea?
—Well, she doesn’t really ____ tea; she likes coffee better.
A．care for B．care C．care about D．care of
【答案】(1)care for; cared about (2)care for (3)care（4）A考查情景交际和动词短语。

句意：—你妻子喜欢喝茶吗？—噢，她不怎么喜欢，她更喜欢咖啡。

A喜欢，照顾；C关心，担心。

这里是“喜欢”的意思，故选A。

考点2．change one's mind 改变主意
【教材原句】She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。

【例句研读】
(1)Since getting to know him better, I've changed my mind about him.
更深入地了解了他以后，我________________。

（1）改变了对他的看法
(2)Have you made up your mind what to do?
你已经____________做什么了吗？（2）拿定主意
(3)He will bear/keep the beautiful girl in mind forever.
他将永远__________那位美丽的姑娘。

（3）记住
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1)I'm just going to _________________________________ (改变主意)when you ask.
(2)___________________ (什么也不会让他改变主意)once he ____________________(他下
定决心)．
(3)I ____________________________(无法决定)whether to go or stay at home.
(4)—I'm afraid that she won't come to help me as she promised.
—Don't worry. Nothing will ________ her mind if she has ________up her mind.
A．change; made B．turn; done C．grow; given D．make; changed
【答案】(1)change my mind (2)Nothing will change his mind; has made up his mind (3)can't make up my mind
考点3．give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交
【教材原句】Finally, I had to give in.最后，我只好让步了。

【例句研读】
(1)He has given in to our views finally.他最终_________我们的意见。

（1）顺从了
(2)Everyone must give in their reports before they leave.每个人在走之前必须______他们的报告书。

（2）上交
(3)Don't tell her; she is sure to give away all your secrets.
不要告诉她，她一定会___________你所有的秘密。

（3）泄露【归纳拓展】
【温馨提示】
(1)give in作“屈服，投降，让步”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面常接介词to, 表示“向某人屈服”。

作“交上，呈交”讲时，是及物动词短语，give in sth (或sth in) to sb 表示“把某物交给某人”。

(2)give up“放弃”，既可作不及物动词短语，也可作及物动词短语。

用作及物动词短语时，后面常跟pron./n./doing sth，表示“放弃(做)某事”。

【即时巩固】
(1)The police gave ______ searching for the missing child.警察放弃寻找那个丢失的孩子。

(2)The teacher gave ______ our papers before the class.上课之前，老师给我们分发了试卷。

(3)We'd better give the suspect ____________ the police.我们最好把嫌疑犯交给警察。

(4)This piece of meat is giving ______ a bad smell.这块肉正在发出臭味。

(5)She's very brave and ______________________(从不屈服)．
(6)“_______________________(现在不要让步)”， she said.
(7) He kept begging me for a new bike, and I finally ________．
A．gave out B．gave away
C．gave in D．gave up
【答案】（1）up（2）out（3）over to（4）off (5)never gives in (6)Don't give in now （7）C 句意：他一直恳求我给他买辆自行车，最后我让步了。

give in屈服；投降；让步。

考点4. as usual 照常；像往常一样
【教材原句】Wang Wei rode in front of me as usua l. She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her.像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用
不着给她鼓劲儿。

【例句研读】
Lily got up at 6 o’clock________（像往常一样），but she realized it was Sunday as soon as she prepared her school bag.
Lily像往常一样六点钟起床，但当她准备书包时才意识到那是星期天。

【答案】as usual
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1)I shall leave the office at the same time ____________(像平时一样)．
(2)We ____________________(通常外出)for dinner on Sundays.
(3)Grandmother slept longer __________(比平时)．
(4)That day he got to school early ______________(像往常一样)．
【答案】(1)as usual (2)usually go out (3)than usual (4)as usual
经典句型剖析
考点1 ever since
【教材原句】Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。

【句法分析】ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past＋一段时间，since...ago等。

【例句研读】
①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.
他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。

②I haven't seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。

③We have completed half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。

④He hasn't written to me recently.他最近没给我写信。

⑤The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。

【拓展归纳】
It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……已经多久了。

It will be/was＋时间段＋before...再有多长时间才……
在“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。

It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。

It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。

【考点聚焦】考查含有ever since时间状语的句子的时态。

【即时巩固】
How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived there?
A．when B．before
C．after D．since
考点2 be+形容词+to do
【教材原句】When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。

【句法分析】be＋adj.＋to do在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。

用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。

【例句研读】
①The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。

②That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。

③The water in that river is not fit to drink.那条河中的水不宜饮用。

④Harry Potter is pleasant to read.《哈利·波特》读起来让人感到愉快。

⑤He is easy to get along with.他很容易相处。

【拓展归纳】此句式还可以拓展为“find/feel/think/believe＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”。

例如：
I find English tongue twisters pleasant to learn.我觉得英语绕口令学起来很有意思。

【考点聚焦】考查be+形容词+不定式的结构
【即时巩固】
(1) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
【答案】B
【解析】考查 be＋adj.＋to do结构。

(2)They found the lecture hard ______； they all felt sleepy.
A．to be understood B．for understanding
C．to understand D．to have been understood
【答案】C
【解析】考查“find＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”结构。

考点3 once引导的状语从句
【教材原句】Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。

【句法分析】“once＋状语从句”意为“一旦……就……”。

在 once引导的状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

【例句研读】
①Once you remember it, you'll never forget it.一旦你记住它，你就永远不会忘记它。

②Once you have promised, you must do it.一旦你许下诺言，你就必须履行。

【拓展归纳】once 用做副词，可表示：
(1)(for) one time 一次
I have only been here once. 我只来过这儿一次。

(2)at some time in the past 一度，曾经
He once lived in Zambia. 他曾经(一度)住在赞比亚。

(3)all at once＝suddenly 突然
All at once the door opened. 突然门开了。

【考点聚焦】考查once引导的状语从句
【即时巩固】
You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence.
A．before B．once
C．until D．though
考点4 no matter 句型
【教材原句】A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多么困难。

【句法分析】no matter ，作“不管”“无论”解，同 what/who/when/where/how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。

【温馨提示】(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以换成
whatever/whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引导让步状语从句。

(2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 还可以引导名词性从句。

Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违犯了法律的人都应受到惩罚。

(3)however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词＋主＋谓； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。

如：
①However difficult it is, you must work it out.
不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。

②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.
不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。

【例句研读】
①No matter what he says, I won't believe him.不管他说什么，我都不会相信他。

②No matter when you come, you are welcome.无论你什么时候来都受欢迎。

③No matter whose bag this is, it must be kept here for the present. 不管这是谁的包，暂时必须放在这里。

④No matter who knocks, don't open the door.不管谁敲门，都不要开门。

【考点聚焦】no matter. . . 句型
【即时巩固】
(1) ______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A．However B．Whatever
C．No matter D．Although
【答案】A
【解析】考查“however＋adj.＋主＋系动词”引导让步状语从句。

(2) The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season. A．whatever B．wherever
C．whenever D．however
【答案】A。