天津工业大学外国语学院研究生入学考试2007化工原理
2007年天津工业大学英语语言学考研真题
2007年天津工业大学英语语言学考研真题I. Define the following terms (10 points)1 morpheme (2 points)2 minimal pairs (3 points)3 design features (3 points)4 competence (2 points)II. Multiple choice (20 points. 1 point for each item)1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans2. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University in Britain?A. It’s open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.4. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I5. The general election in Britain is held every ______ years.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. three6. It is ______ who served as Prime Minister after Mrs. Margaret Thatcher.A. Tony BlairB. John MajorC. Harold WilsonD. James Callaghan7. Which of the following description about the Conservative Party is NOT true ?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.8. In the examination called the 11 plus, students with academic potential go to _______.A. grammar schoolsB. comprehensive schoolsC. public schoolsD. technical schools9. In Britain, the term from early September to mid-December is known as _______.A. Christmas TermB. Easter TermC. Summer TermD. Spring Term10. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of_______.A. 1970B. 1954C. 1972D. 199711. Which of the following is in New York City?A. The United States Capitol.B. The White House.C. The Pentagon Building.D. The United Nations Headquarters12. With regard to its size, the U.S.A. is the _______ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest13. The victory at _______ was a turning point of the American War of Independence .A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown14. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison were added to the American Constitution in 1791.They are known as _______.A. Articles of ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights PapersD. Federalists Papers15. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to save American ______.A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy16. Of the founding fathers, ______ contributed most to American educational philosophy andpractice.A. George WashingtonB. Alexander HamiltonC. Thomas JeffersonD. James Madison17. Graduate work leading to a master’s degree usually requires _______ years’study beyond thebachelor’s degree in the United States.A. twoB. oneC. threeD. four18. Which of the following was NOT the characteristic of the roaring 20’s?A. Workers’ strikes.B. Industrial boom.C. Organized gangsterism.D. Smuggling of liquor.19. The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its ______ industry.A. shipbuildingB. coal miningC. textileD. machine-making20. The earliest British settlement on North America was ________.A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. LouisIII. Fill in the blanks （20 points）(A) Find out the antonyms for the following words by adding a negative prefix to each of them.(10 points. 0.5 point for each item)(B) Point out the corresponding figurative senses of the following words according to the natureof the animals. (10 points. 1 point for each item)IV. Answer the following questions (20 points. 5 points for each item)1.In what ways can linguistics contribute to the research in language teaching?2. What are the main features of Chomsky’s TG grammar?3. Why is Saussure known as the father of modern linguistics?4. What is the general understanding of the role of grammar in language learningIn numbers of speakers as well as in its uses for international communication and in other lessquantifiable measures, English is one of the most important languages of the world. Spoken by more than 370 million people as a first language in the United Kingdom, the United States, and the former British Empire, it is the largest of the occidental languages. English, however, is not the most widely used language in the world. Chinese is spoken by more than a billion people in China alone. Some of the European languages are comparable with English in reflecting the forces of history, especially with regard to European expansion since the sixteenth century. Spanish, next in size to English, is spoken by about 240 million people, Russian by 210 million, Portuguese by 125 million, German by 110 million, French by 85 million native speakers ( and a large number of second-language speakers),Italian by 65 million. A language may be important as a lingua franca in a country or region whosediverse populations would otherwise be unable to communicate. This is especially true in the former colonies of England and France whose colonial languages have remained indispensable even after independence and often in spite of outright hostility to the political and cultural values that the European languages represent.French and English are both languages of wider communication, and yet the changingpositionsof the two languages in international affairs during the past century illustrate the extent to which the status of a language depends on extra-linguistic factors. It has been said that English is recurringlyassociated with practical and powerful pursuits. Joshua A. Fishman writes: “In the Third World(excluding former Anglophone and Francophone colonies) French is considered more suitable than English for only one function: opera. It is considered the equal of English for reading good novels or poetry and for personal prayer (the local integrative language being widely viewed as superior to both English and French in this connection). But outside the realm of aesthetics, the Ugly Duckling reigns supreme.” The ascendancy of English as measured by numbers of speakers in various activities does not depend on nostalgic attitudes toward the originally English-speaking people or toward the language itself. Fishman makes the point that English is less loved but more used; French is more loved but less used. And in world where “econo-technical superiority” is what counts, “the real ‘powerhouse’ is still English. It doesn’t have to worry about being loved because, loved or not, it works. It makes the world go round, and few indeed can afford to ‘knock it.’”--Baugh, A. C. and Cable, T. (1993). A History of the English Language.。
天津工业大学考研真题406化工原理2007
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题试题编号：406 试题名称：化工原理第1页（共5页） 注意事项：1．本试卷共9道大题（共计41小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、填空（共12分，每空1分）1.某设备表压强为128kPa,则它的绝对压强为 （1） kPa （当地大气压为100kPa ）。
2.流体在圆管内作滞流流动时，平均速度是最大速度的（2） 倍。
3.作滞(层)流流动时,摩擦阻力系数λ= （3） 。
4.离心泵的实际安装高度（4）允许安装高度，就可防止气蚀现象发生。
5.往复泵采用 （5） 调节流量。
6.固体颗粒在重力条件下沉降，颗粒直径 （6） 的粒子沉降速率大。
7.用两层厚度相同，导热系数不同的材料，给圆形蒸汽管道保温，将导热系数较 （7） 的材料放在内侧，保温效果好。
8.在套管换热器实验中，用蒸汽加热空气，蒸汽在管外冷凝成同温度的水，则逆流和并流时平均温差的大小相比, ∆t m,逆 （8） ∆t m,并。
9.精馏操作中，进料热状况由q 给出。
当 q = 0.6 时, 表示进料中的 （9） 含量为60%。
10.全回流及最小回流比是两个操作极限。
对确定的分离要求,全回流时所需的理论板数最 （10） 。
11.在液体中溶解度很大的气体，吸收阻力主要集中在 （11） 膜。
12.某湿物料质量为0.5kg ，其绝干质量为0.2kg ，则该物料干基含水率为（12） 。
二、选择题（单选，共30分，每小题1.5分）1.对于非圆形管，当量直径等于（ ）的流通截面积除以润湿周边。
A)四分之一 B) 四倍 C)二倍 D)一半2.不可压缩流体由水平圆管A （Φ57×3.5mm ）向上流动到垂直圆管B （Φ32×3.5mm ），则流速之比u A /u B 为（ ）。
天津工业大学外国语学院研究生入学考试德语2007 (2)
第 1 页（共 11 页）
2007 年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：223 试题名称：二外俄语
2 .Что ему подарили родители？ а. часы б. фотоаппарат в. фотоалбом 3. Кому позвонила Таня? а. Наташе, в магазин б. Олегу, в парк в. Антону, в школу 4 . Какой подарок сделала Таня Олегу? а. галстук б. портфель в. джинсы 5. Какой подарок сделала Наташа Олегу ? а. портфельб. галстук Куда они решили пошли？
хорошим художником. 6. Сколько Андрею лет? а. 20 б. 10 в. 21 7. Кем Андрей хотел стать, когда он был маленький? а. поваром
第 3 页（共 11 页）
2007 年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
Часть 1 Чтение Прочитайте
阅读理解
（共 40 分，每题 2 分） микротексты и подчеркните
следующие
ответ ,соотвествующий сотержанию прочитанного. Микротекст 1 Завтра Олегу исполняеся 20 лет. Родители подарили ему фотоаппарат. Таня тоже хочет купить подарок брату. Когда был день рождения Тани, Олег подарил ей очень красивый портфель. А Таня ещё не решила, какой подарок она сделает Олегу. Таня позвонила Наташе. Они вместе пошли в магазин. Там Таня купила брату джинсы. А Наташа выбрала Олегу галстук . Олегу понравились джинсы и галстук. 1. Когда Олегу исполняеся 20 лет？ а . завтра б. послезавтра в. сегодня
金状元试卷网-天津工业大学考研真题二外法语2007
金状元试卷网-天津工业大学考研真题二外法语2007注意事项：1．本试卷共七道大题（共计66小题），满分100分；2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡I. Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire: choisissez la réponse qui vous paraît exacte (25 points):1.Il n’a pas ___________ sœur.A. de laB. uneC. deD. un2. Dites à Jacques ___________ faire attention ___________ voitures.A. de/sur lesB. de/auxC. à/auxD. à/pour les3. ___________ s’agit-il?.A. A quoiB. A queC. De quoiD. De que4. Pendant sa jeunesse, ___________ arrivait souvent de consacrer des nuitsentières au travail.A. il luiB. elleC. il leurD. il est5. Aux yeux de Maupassant et de beaucoup de personnes de son temps, la tourEiffel était quelque chose ___________.A. très laideB. de très laideC. très laidD. de très laid6. Le matin il se lève tôt pour donner ___________ aux bêtes.A. de mangerB. à mangerC. mangerD. du manger7. Il est pâle comme s’il ___________ malade.A. estB. a étéC. soitD. était第2页（共11页）8. Après ___________ à l’hôtel, elle m’a téléphoné.A. d’arriverB. avoir arrivéeC. être arrivéeD. arriver9. Il existe un Ministère de la Culture ___________ le rôle est de protéger et de déveloper le patrimoine culturel national et d’intéresser le public à l’art.A. dontB. oùC. quiD. que10. Hier elle ___________ les mains dans une rivière.A. a lavéB. s’est lavéesC. s’est lavéeD. s’est lavé11. Si vous ___________ votre train, qu’est-ce que vous ___________?A. avez manqué/faitesB. aviez manqué/aurez faitC. aviez manqué/auriez faitD. manquiez /avez fait12. Regarde ces deux robes! ___________ choisirais-tu?A. LequelB. LaquelleC. QuelD. Quelle13. Maintenant on peut acheter des tomates en ___________ saison.A. toutB. tousC. touteD. toutes14. L’aîné de mes trois fils est celui ___________ je peux toujours compter.A. à quiB. avec quiC. pour quiD. sur qui15. Riches ___________ leur propre qualité, les Etats membres partagent aussides valeurs communes.A. avecB. deC. enD. à16. Le 1er janvier je souhaite à tous mes amis une bonne année et je leur présenteles ___________ .A. souhaitsB. félicitationsC. meilleures vœuxD. salutations17. A midi, je vais prendre ___________ pain et un café.A. duB. unC. desD. le18. Les Américains ont beaucoup de ___________ de télévisions.A. canauxB. chaînesC. canardsD.câbles19. Est-ce que l’on peut lire tout ce livre ___________ une demi-journée?A. pendantB. enC. dansD. depuis20. Chaque classe ___________ d’un poste de télévision.A. disposeB. possèdeC. maîtriseD. dispute21. Li Bai et Du Fu étaient deux grands poètes chinois, ___________ estromantique, ___________ est réaliste.A. celui-ci; celui-làB. celui-là; celui-ciC. celui qui; celui quiD. ceci; cela22. Elle ___________ un stylo de son sac.A. est sortieB. sortaitC. est sortiD. a sorti第3页（共11页）23. On a besoin de quelqu’un qui ___________ mener à bien ce travail.A. peutB. puisseC. pourraD. pourrait24. Dites-moi ___________ vous plaît le plus en France.A. ce queB. ce quiC. ce dontD. que25. Beaucoup de parents trouvent que les enfants sont difficiles à ___________.A. éleverB. enleverC. souleverD. releverII. Dans le texte suivant, choisissez le mot ou le groupe de mots qui a le sens le plus proche de celui qui est souligné. (5points)Le CostumeLa grande histoire du co stume commence bien avant l’Antiquité. En effet(26), au paléolithique, les pays actuellement tempérés (27) connurent des climatssi rigoureux que l’homme fut amenéà(28) se protéger. Les découvertes archéologiques montrent que de cette époque datent les premières aiguilles àcoudre, en os de renne ou de morse, et les statuettes dites «vénus gravettiennes»sont parées (29) en Europe d’une ceinture ou d’un pagne et, en Sibérie, d’un costume à capuchon, évoquant les anoraks modernes.Les premières fibres, végétales (écorce, lin, coton, chanvre) ou animales (feutre, laine), furent utilisées par les sociétés (30) nomades, et les premières sociétés sédentaires du néolithique mirent au point la technique du tissage.26. A. en conséquence B. en revancheC. en échangeD. en réalité27. A. chauds B. doux C. froids D. secs28. A. fut encouragé à B. fut engagé àC. fut conseillé àD. fut conduit à29. A. agrémentées B. arrangées C. dévêtues D. habillées30. A. entreprises B. peuples C. associations D. compagnies III. Choisissez la réponse le plus convenable parmi les mots proposés (10 points): Faire son marché: au plus vite, au plus près, au moins cher?Comparer les prix de différents magasins pour 31 de faire son marché en dépensant le moins d’argent possible, cela n’est pas facile. J’ai décidé de faire une expérience dans mon quartier, Saint-Germain-des-Près, mais une expérience pratique en faisant la liste de 32 il me fallait ce jour-làet non pas 33第4页（共11页）d’un panier type de la ménagère. Nous étions 6 à déjeuner. Il ne 34 pas de trouver un menu spécialement bon marché. Je voulais 35 une grande salade: choux, œufs durs, tomates, jambon, pommes de terre, un bon poisson, du fromage et une glace décorée avec des fraises fraîches. J’ai fait ma liste en prévoyant largement, c’est toujours commode 36 avoir des restes. Puis je suis allée successivement: au plus près 37 l’épicier et le boucher du coin; à 15 minutes de chez moi à pied dans un supermarchéindépendant; à15 minutes de chez moi àpied au libre-service d’un magasin de quartier; à 3 stations de métro de chez moi dans une grande surface àMontparnasse. 38 mes quatre relevés de prix réalisés le mercredi 29 mai. 14,85% de différence 39 le total de mes dépenses àMontparnasse et le total de mes dépenses chez les commerçants les plus proches de chez moi, cela fait 23 euros d’économie pour 154 euros d’achats alimentaires. A première vue je devrais donc savoir 40 faire mes courses maintenant, mais ce n’est pas si simple!31. A. essayer B. tâcher C. demander D. parler32. A. celle qu’ B. ce qui C. qu’ D. ce qu’33. A. tout ça B. celui C. celle D. ceux34. A. continuait B. s’agissait C. s’occupait D. décidait35. A. préparer B. réserver C. manger D. prendre36. A. à B. pour C. d’ D. en37. A. à B. dans C. avec D. chez38. A. Regarde B. Voici C. C’est D. Tiens39. A. sur B. selon C. avec D. entre40. A. où B. qui C. pourquoi D. ce quiIV. Compréhension écrite (35points): choisissez la meilleure réponse parmi les quatre propositions:(1).(10 points)Roz : le jour se lève en AfghanistanMagazine féminin de trente-six pages sans publicité ni couleur. Roz («jour»en persan(波斯语)) est né au mois d’avril 2002, à Kaboul, grâce au courage et à la ténacité d’une po ignée de femmes afghanes.Ce projet, initié par le magazine Elle et soutenu financièrement par le groupe français Hachette Filipacchi Médias, a pour but de donner àces femmes une第5页（共11页）source d’informations, de connaissances et de distractions après des années de silence et de privations.Tiré à 1500 exemplaires et rédigé en dari et en pachtou – les deux principales langues du pays –, le premier numéro propose un article de fond sur les problèmes d’électricité, mais il traite également d’autres sujets de société, le droit, la mode, la cuisine ou la poésie.41.A qui le magazine Roz s’adresse-t-il ? ( )A. aux hommesB. aux enfantsC. aux femmesD. aux adolescents42. Dans quelle langue ce magazine est-il écrit ? ( )A. Il est écrit en anglais.B. Il est écrit en français.C. Il est écrit en dari et en pachtou.D. Il es écrit en en dari, en pachtou et en français.43. Ce magazine doit sa naissance ( ).A. au magazine ElleB. au magazine Elle et au groupe français HachetteC. à des femmes afghanes très tenacesD. à tout ce qui est mentionné ci-dessus44. Qu’est-ce qu’on peut trouver dans ce magazine ? ( )A. Des articles sur le droit, la mode, la cuisine et la poésie.B. Des articles et des publicités.C. Des articles sur le bricolage.D. Des articles sur le jardinage.45. Ce magazine propose ( ).A. de distraireB. d’informer et de distraireC. d’informer, d’instruire et de distraireD. d’informer, d’instruire, de distraire et de faire fortune(2).(10 points)Où sont les étudiants?U n jeudi soir, à l’université d’Amiens. Le campus est désert. Dans une salle de fête, la musique des Sex-Pistols n’attire pas plus de cinq étudiants.«Les clients viendront peut-être après le cinéma,» dit le disc-jockey-serveur. Deux cents mètres plus bas, dans la cafétéria d’une résidence universitaire, il y a第6页（共11页）un «un bal-folk». Une quinzaine d’étudiants, genre «retour à la terre»– longues barbes, sabots, châles de laine naturelle –écoutent le violon et l’accordéon et dansent des gigues approximatives. «Ça ne décollera pas aujourd’hui,»commente Jean-Paul, étudiant en droit. «Nous sommes en fin de semaine. Les étudiants sont déjà rentrés chez eux.» Jeudi, une fin de semaine?En effet, les étudiants désertent de plus en plus le campus. «Amiens était connu po ur ses ‘turboprofs’, les professeurs qui viennent de Paris en train, nous avons aussi nos ‘turbo-étudiants’,»dit un sociologue de l’université d’Amiens. «Les turbo-étudiants sont toujours entre deux trains. Ils calculent leur horaire pour passer le minimu m de temps à l’université.»Une situation semblable existe à l’université de Montpellier. Marc, Isabelle, et Danielle, trois étudiants de Montpellier, ont passé leur prmière année d’études sur le campus. Tous trois vivent maintenant àla campagne, dans une belle maison entourée de prés. «On a échangé nos dix mètres carrés de la cité-U contre la vue sur la mongtagne,»disent-ils, confortablement installés dans les chaises longues du jardin. Leurs relations avec l’université ont cette unique règle: «Y passer le moins de temps possible, tout en se donnant des chances d’obtenir un diplôme.»Comment expliquer cette désertion de l’université? Les étudiants français, comme les étudiants américains, ont des raisons d’être inquiets. Ils ont peur d’échouer aux examens ou de se trouver sans emploi après leurs études. Pour échapper àces inquiétudes, ils prennent leurs distances par rapport àl’université. «Nous sommes revenus à la résidence, une fois,» dit Marc. «C’était chouette, nous avions l’impression d’être des cousins d’une lointaine province». 46. A l’université d’Amiens, le week-end commence ( ).(A) le mercredi (B) le jeudi (C) le vendredi (D) le samedi47. Les étudiants du genre «retour à la terre» aiment ( ).(A) la danse folklorique (B) les «Sex-Pistols»(C) les vêtements de style mederne (D) le disco48. Les «turbo-étudiants»( ).(A) viennent à l’unversité en voiture(B) passent beaucoup de temps sur le campus第7页（共11页）(C) basent leur horaire de classe sur l’horaire des trains(D) ont une vie tranquille49. A l’université de Montpellier ( ).(A) les étudiants ne désertent pas le campus(B) les chambres de la résidence unversitaire sont grandes(C) il y a des «turbo-étudiants»(D) il y a des étudiants genre «retour à la terre»50. Les étudiants désertent l’unversité parce qu’ ( ).(A) ils préfèrent vivre chez leurs parents(B) ils ont peur d’échouer dans leurs études(C) il n’y a rien à faire à l’université(D) il n’y a pas assez de chambres à la la résidence unversitaire.(3).(15 points)Le Poisson d’AvrilDepuis quand envoie-t-on les apprentis chercher la lime à épaissir, ou met-on du sel sur les brosses à dents, ou colle-t-on du chewing-gum sur les peignes ou attache-t-on les lacets de chaussures ensemble ? Plusieurs thèses s’opposent. On pense que le poisson d’avril est né il y a près de cinq cents ans ; commémorant la décision du roi Charles IX de faire commencer l’année au 1er janvier au lieu du 1er avril. Le poisson était un moyen de continuer à célébrer ce passage.Mais certains vous diront que la coutume du poisson d’avril est liée à la fermeture de la pêche à moins que ce ne soit l’ouverture...Il fut un temps où, pour taquiner les pêcheurs d’eau douce privés de poissons, on leur donnait des harengs !Depuis, tous les prétextes sont bons pour les farceurs, et de la Belgique à la Suisse en passant par les Pays Anglo-Saxons, c’est le jour où l’on mesure l’humour de chaque nation.En Allemagne par exemple, on dit bien fort “Aprilscherz” avant de faire sa blague de façon que l’on comprenne bien que ce n’est pas sérieux !Les blagues évoluent. Les faux P.V., les faux commandements d’huissiers ou les messages sur les répondeurs ou les téléphones portables ont pris le relais des “plaisanteries”de chantiers ou d’ateliers d’antan. Seul obstacle aux “poisson d’avril”, la date.第8页（共11页）Comme c’est au travail que la traditon est la plus vive, lorsque le poisson d’avril tombe quelquefois un samedi ou un dimanche, comme c’était le cas en 2000 et en 2001, on pense moins à faire des blagues.Il faudra donc se rattraper cette année.51. Dans ce texte, qu’est-ce qui n’entre pas dans les suppositions sur l’originedu poisson d’avril ? ( )(A) la décision du roi Charles IX de faire commencer l’année au 1erjanvier au lieu du 1er avril(B) la fermeture de la pêche(C) l’ouverture de la pêche(D) la vente des poissons52. “privé” veut dire ( ).(A) dépourvu (B) fertilisé(C) enrichi (D) recyclé53. Selon le texte, Hareng est ( ).(A) le poisson d’eau douce. (B) le poisson de mer(C) le poisson mangé par les pêcheurs (D) le poisson né en avril54. P.V. veut dire ( )(A) procès-verbal. (B) passeport valide.(C) passeport vert. (D) papiers vrais.55. Seule contrainte aux “poisson d’avril” est( ).(A) la loi (B) la date (C) l’argent (D) le travailV. Trouvez les fautes dans les phrases suivantes puis corrigez-les (5 points):56. Hier, il y avait des gros nuages noirs dans le ciel.57. Que ce camarade finit aujourd’hui se s devoirs!58. Ces garçons font le sport tous les matins.59. Je lui ai dit qu e j’ai regardé la télé à la maison la veille.60. Va acheter une douzaine des œufs au marché.VI. Version (10 points)第9页（共11页）Paris entre 1950 et 1960La population de toutes les grande s villes d’Europe a beaucoup augmenté après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Paris est devenu une ville de 2 600 000 habitants. Il y a des logements surpeuplés et sans confort, surtout dans les quartiers de l’Est. Il faut faire quelque chose tout de suite.Les années 50 et 60 sont une époque de constructions rapides, surtout en banlieue. C’est l’époque des HLM (habitation à loyer modéré), ces hauts immeubles construits autour de toutes les grandes villes, où l’on envoie vivre les populations ouvrières et les gens les plus pauvres. Chaque jour les habitants prennent les trains de banlieue et le métro pour aller travailler à Paris. Le soir, ils reprennent le chemin dans l’autre sen s pour rentrer dormir chez eux. Cette perte de temps explique l’expression du moment: «métro-boulot-dodo».Les années 60 voient beaucoup de changements dans Paris. On doit faire face àplusieurs problèmes: mieux loger les habitants, faire circuler plus facilement les voitures, moderniser les transports publics et aussi enlever les vieux marchés du centre de Paris. Des rues et des carrefours entiers disparaissent autour des gares et des marchés, comme par exemple, dans le quartier de la gare Montparnasse. Montparnasse, c’est un endroit que l’on aime. Il a ses bars, ses cafés, il garde le so uvenir des peintures qui l’ont habité. Mais on modernise, et une tour de cinquante-sept étages, «la tour», se lève dans le vieux quartier. Pendant ce temps, on continue les travaux dans tout Paris pour ouvrir des voies express, des parkings et améliorer la circulation.Dans les années 60, la France a le goût américain. On croit que Paris peut devenir Manhattan. Georges Pompidou, le Pre mier Ministre de l’époque, déclare: «On n’a pas d’architecture dans les grandes villes sans tours.» Alors on remplace les vi eux immeubles à six étages par des tours à l’américaine. Et sous le ciel de Paris commencent à s’élever des immeubles de quinze étages. C’est ainsi que se lève le Front de Seine, un nouveau quartier de bureaux, tout en verre et en hauteur, sur la rive gauche de Seine.VII. Thème (10 points):1.他的脾气时好时坏，我不知道是什么原因。
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试机械设计和机械原理试题
注意事项：1．本试卷共14道大题（共计51小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡机械原理部分（75分）一．选择题（共10分）1． 0.1*ah 、α=20°的渐开线标准直齿园柱齿轮用齿条型刀具加工时不发生根切的最少齿数z min = 。
（A) 14 （B ）17 （C ）192.铰链四杆机构中若最短杆和最长杆长度之和大于其余两杆长度之和时，则机构中 。
（A) 一定有曲柄存在 （B ）一定无曲柄存在（C ）是否有曲柄存在还要看机架是哪一个构件3 .蜗杆传动中心距计算公式为 。
（A ）m(z 1+z 2) （B ）m(z 1+z 2)/2 （C ）m(q+z 2)/2 （D ）m(q+z 2) 4. 为保证一对渐开线齿轮连续传动，应使实际啮合线长度 基圆齿距。
(A)大于等于； (B) 小于等于； (C )小于。
5. 一对外啮合斜齿圆柱齿轮的正确啮合条件是 。
(A)m n1= m n2; (B) αn1=αn2;(C)m n1= m n2，αn1=αn2，β1=-β2; (D)m n1= m n2，αn1=αn2，β1=β2。
6. 增加斜齿轮传动的螺旋角，将引起 。
(A)重合度减小，轴向力增加； (B)重合度减小，轴向力减小； (C )重合度增加，轴向力减小； (D)重合度增加，轴向力增加。
7. 凸轮机构从动件作等加速等减速运动时将 冲击。
(A) 产生刚性； (B) 产生柔性； (C)无刚性也无柔性.8. 在曲柄摇杆机构中，当摇杆为主动件，且 处于共线位置时,机构处于死点位置。
(A)曲柄与机架； (B)曲柄与连杆； (C)连杆与摇杆。
9. 在由若干机器串联构成的机组中，若这些机器的单机效率均不相同，其中最高效率和最低效率分别为ηmax 和ηmin ，则机组的总效率η 必有如下关系： 。
天津工业大学普通物理2007年考研专业课初试真题
第3页（共10页）
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：418 12. 两偏振片堆叠在一起，一束自然光垂直入射其上时没有光线通过．当其中一偏振片慢 慢转动180°时透射光强度发生的变化为： (A) 光强单调增加． (B) 光强先增加，后又减小至零． (C) 光强先增加，后减小，再增加． (D) 光强先增加，然后减小，再增加，再减小至零． 13. 边长为a的正方形薄板静止于惯性系K的Oxy平面内，且两边分别与x，y轴平行．今有 惯性系K＇以 0.8c（c为真空中光速）的速度相对于K系沿x轴作匀速直线运动，则从K＇系测得薄板 的面积为 (A) 0.6a2． (C) a2． (B) 0.8 a2． (D) a2／0.6 ． ［ ］ ［ ］ 试题名称：普通物理
C1 C2
(B) 0 r E． (D) (0 r -0)E．
［
］
E
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：418 试题名称：普通物理 (D) 球体内的静电能大于球面内的静电能，球体外的静电能小于球面外的静电能． ［ ］ 7. 自感为 0.25 H的线圈中，当电流在(1/16) s内由2 A均匀减小到零时，线圈中自感电动势的大小为： (A) 7.8 ×10-3 V． (B) 3.1 ×10-2 V． (C) 8.0 V． (D) 12.0 V． ［ ］
q a O 2q a 3q
2． 如图所示，边长为a的等边三角形的三个顶点上，分别放置着三 个正的点电荷q、2q、3q．若将另一正点电荷Q从无穷远处移到三 角形的中心O处，外力所作的功为： (A) (C)
a
3qQ ． 2 0 a 3 3qQ ． 2 0 a
(B) (D)
3qQ ． 0 a 2 3qQ ． 0 a
天津工业大学第学期
求：(1)吸收剂用量L(kmol/h) ; (2)吸收液浓度X1; (3)所需填料层高度Z。
6
五、（干燥计算）
总分[14] 得分[ ]
在常压理想干燥器中，湿物料流量为0.5kg/s，初始含水20 %，干燥后含水
2 %（均为湿基）；进入预热器的空气状态为：温度15℃，湿度H0=0.00851；离 开干燥器的空气状态为：温度44℃，湿度H2=0.0293；试求： （1）绝干空气消耗量L (kg绝干气/s)；
（1）塔底物料流量及轻组分摩尔分率；
（2）精馏段、提馏段的操作线方程；
（3）离开第 2 块理论板轻组分的液相组成。第 2 块理论板可否作为进料
板？
5
四、（吸收计算）
总分[18] 得分[ ]
洗油吸收焦炉气中芳烃，混合气体总流量为30kmol/h, 其中芳烃y1=0.05 （体积分率）, 回收率φA=90% 。吸收剂不含芳烃，若取溶剂用量为理论最小 用量的1.5倍。操作条件下，气相总传质单元高度为1.5m，平衡关系为Y=0.5X
）。
A. 相等 B. 平衡关系
C. 满足直线关系
D. 无关系
8. 间歇精馏操作中，若保持回流比不变，则随着精馏过程的进行，塔顶
及塔底物料浓度的变化趋势为（
）。
A.均变大
B.均变小
C.塔顶变大，塔底变小 D. 塔顶变小，塔底变大
9. 温度升高，下列关于亨利定律的说法正确的是（ ）。
A．E 降低 B. H 增加 C. m 降低 D. H 降低
（2）进入干燥器的空气温度t1； （3）预热器的传热量QP (kW)。
7
C. 大于泛点
D. 都可以
20.关于填料塔，以下说法正确的是（ ）。
天津大学2001-2006年化工原理考研真题(个人整理版).
化工原理及实验考试大纲
考试大纲
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试天津大学化工原理2001-2003年真题
化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试天津大学化工原理2004-2006真题
化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试
化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试化工原理(含实验
天津大学研究生院招收硕士研究生入学考试
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天津大学化工原理2001-2003年真题答案试题答案
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天津大学化工原理真题2004-2006答案试题答案
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试题答案。
天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试复试课考试大纲
天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试复试课考试大纲化工综合一、复试的基本要求要求考生较全面地理解和掌握化工原理及反应工程基础课程的的基本内容。
考生应具有一定的分析问题和解决问题的能力，具有较好的文字表达能力和运算能力。
答题应观点明确，书写清晰，使用符号规范。
二、复试的内容1．流体流动及流体输送设备（约20分）流体静力学基本方程式；流体的流动现象；流体在管内的流动（连续性方程、柏努利方程及应用）；流体在管内的流动阻力（管内流动阻力的计算）；简单管路计算；离心泵（结构及工作原理、性能描述、选择、安装、操作及流量调节）；其它化工用泵（结构及工作原理、流量调节）。
2．传热（约20分）热传导、对流传热、辐射传热的基本概念。
间壁式换热器传热过程分析及传热计算（热量衡算、传热速率方程、平均温差计算、总传热系数计算及分析、传热过程强化）。
4．蒸馏（约20分）两组分溶液的汽液平衡；精馏原理和流程；两组分连续精馏的计算（精馏物料恒算、操作线方程、理论板数计算、回流比选择、操作条件对塔顶塔底产品质量的影响等）。
5．吸收（约15分）气－液相平衡；传质机理与吸收速率；吸收塔的计算（吸收物料恒算、实际液气比选择分析、填料层高度计算等）。
6．蒸馏和吸收塔设备（约5分）塔板类型；板式塔的流体力学性能；填料的类型；填料塔的流体力学性能。
7．化学反应工程的基本原理（20分）均相反应器计算（间歇釜式反应器、全混流反应器、活塞流反应器）；停留时间分布的描述和测定；多釜串联模型；反应器中流体的混合。
三、试卷题型及时间考试形式为笔试；题型以简答、计算为主；考试时间为60分钟，满分100分。
四、主要参考书目1. 姚玉英等, 化工原理(上, 下). 天津：天津大学出版社, 20032. 柴诚敬等, 化工原理课程学习指导. 天津：天津大学出版社, 20033. 李绍芬, 反应工程. 化工出版社, 第二版，2000。
天津工业大学外国语学院研究生入学考试德语2007
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题试题编号：222 试题名称：二外德语5注意事项：1．本试卷共9道大题（共计75小题），满分100分；2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡学校名称___________ 考号___________姓名_______________ 成绩___________总分题号I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX 核分人题分1051051520101510复查人得分I. Formen Sie die folgenden Sätze im Passivsätze um!（共计10分，每题1分）1. Sein Freund hat ihn nach Hause begleitet.2. Man hilft dem Schüler.3. Wir müssen den Kranken sofort operieren.4. Der Krieg zerstörte die Stadt völlig.5. Ich zeige meinem Freund meine neue Wohnung.6. Gestern lud er mich zum Essen ein.7. Die alten Maschinen sollte man jetzt reparieren.8. Im Deutschen schreibt man alle Substantive groβ.9. In China trinkt man viel Tee.10.Ich nenne Herrn Li einen guten Arzt.第1页（共11页）。
天津工业大学07化工原理考研真题
注意事项：1．本试卷共9道大题（共计41小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、填空（共12分，每空1分）1.某设备表压强为128kPa,则它的绝对压强为228kPa（当地大气压为100kPa）。
2.流体在圆管内作滞流流动时，平均速度是最大速度的0.5倍。
3.作滞(层)流流动时,摩擦阻力系数λ=64/Re。
4.离心泵的实际安装高度小于允许安装高度，就可防止气蚀现象发生。
5.往复泵采用（旁路调节）调节流量。
6.固体颗粒在重力条件下沉降，颗粒直径大的粒子沉降速率大。
7.用两层厚度相同，导热系数不同的材料，给圆形蒸汽管道保温，将导热系数较（小）的材料放在内侧，保温效果好。
8.在套管换热器实验中，用蒸汽加热空气，蒸汽在管外冷凝成同温度的水，则逆流和并流时平均温差的大小相比,∆t m,逆>∆t m,并。
9.精馏操作中，进料热状况由q给出。
当q = 0.6 时, 表示进料中的含量为60%。
10.全回流及最小回流比是两个操作极限。
对确定的分离要求,全回流时所需的理论板数最（10）。
11.在液体中溶解度很大的气体，吸收阻力主要集中在（11）膜。
12.某湿物料质量为0.5kg，其绝干质量为0.2kg，则该物料干基含水率为（12）。
二、选择题（单选，共30分，每小题1.5分）1.对于非圆形管，当量直径等于（）的流通截面积除以润湿周边。
A)四分之一B) 四倍C)二倍D)一半2.不可压缩流体由水平圆管A（Φ57×3.5mm）向上流动到垂直圆管B（Φ32×3.5mm），则流速之比u A/u B为（）。
A)1.414 B)0.707 C)0.5 D)0.253.离心泵停止操作时宜（）。
天大化工原理真题--2001-2003
天津大学研究生院2003年招收硕士生入学试题题号：考试科目：化工原理（含实验）页数：一、选择与填空（共30分）1、如图所示的流动系统，当阀门C的开度增大时，流动系统的总摩擦阻力损失Σhf将，AB管段的摩擦阻力损失Σhf，AB将。
（2分）2、三只长度相等的并联管路，管径的比为1:2:3，若三只管路的流动摩擦系数均相等，则三只管路的体积流量之比为。
（2分）: 3 C、1: 24:39 D、1:4:9 A、1:2:3 B、1:1题附图3题附图3、如图所示的清水输送系统，两液面均为敞口容器。
现用该系统输送密度为1200kg/m3的某溶液（溶液的其他性质与水相同），与输送清水相比，离心泵所提供的压头，轴功率。
（2分）A、增大B、减小C、不变D、不确定4、如图所示为某流动系统的竖直圆管段部分，当清水的平均流速为50mm/s 时（此时管内为层流），管轴心处的某刚性球形固体颗粒由A截面到达B截面的时间为20s；当平均流速为30mm/s时，该固体颗粒在管轴心处由A截面到达B截面的时间为。
（2分）5、板框过滤机采用横穿洗涤法洗涤滤饼，其洗涤操作的特征是：洗液流经滤饼的厚度大约是过滤终点滤饼厚度的倍；洗液流通面积是过滤面积的倍。
（2分）A、1B、0.5C、2D、46、一维稳态温度场傅立叶定律的表达式为。
（2分）7、在传热计算中，平均温度差法往往用于计算，传热单元数法往往用于计算。
（2分）A、设计型B、核算型C、设计型和核算型8、操作中的精馏塔，若保持F、xF、q、R不变，减小W，则L/V ，L’ 。
（2分）A、减小B、不变C、增大D、不确定9、在吸收操作中，以液相组成差表示的吸收塔某一截面上的总推动力为。
（2分）A、X*－XB、X－X*C、Xi－XD、X－Xi第一页共三页10、板式塔是接触式气液传质设备，操作时为连续相；填料塔是接触式气液传质设备，操作时为连续相。
（4分）11、若萃取相和萃余相在脱除溶剂后的组成均与原料液的组成相同，则所用萃取剂的选择性系数。
2007年天津工业大学翻译理论与实践考研真题
2007年天津工业大学翻译理论与实践考研真题一． Questions and Answers: (30 分)1．“翻译思想”是指什么而言的？什么是所谓的“翻译流派”？（10 分）2．谈到可译性限度的问题，语际转换中的障碍主要有哪几种？（10 分）3．在翻译中有提倡以归化为主的，也有提倡以异化为主的。
请就你的了解说一说两种主张各自提出的理由。
（10 分）二． Translations （110 分）1. Put the following passage into English:（50 分）在广州，有这么一群人，他们放下手头日进斗金的公司，去过起了“田园生活”。
他们一起租下了百亩田地，定下了“公约”：不以盈利为目的；共同劳动，平均分配，自给自足。
他们把自己称为“懒人部落”，在他们心中“懒人”的概念是：不想再参与社会竞争，不想再赚更多的钱。
据了解，目前这个“庄园”里共住了九户人家，他们的年龄都在 40 岁以上，最老的有 60 多岁。
他们可以被分为两类人：一类是有一定事业基础的中年人，一类是刚刚退休的公务员。
社会学家、华南理工大学教授侯力认为：这种“懒人”现象，是城市化高速发展到一定程度后出现的一种社会现象。
他认为，随着城市竞争压力的加剧，给城市人带来身心困顿，希望能够回归到田园牧歌式的生活。
他指出，“懒人”事实上是一种精神上的短暂休息，不可能真正地逃避城市。
2. Put the following passage into Chinese:（60 分）Once upon a time two poor Woodcutters were making their way home through a great pine-forest. It was winter, and a night of bitter cold. The snow lay thick upon theground, and upon the branches of the trees; the frost kept snapping the little twigs on either side of them,as they passed; and when they came to the Mountain-torrent she was hanging motionless in air, for the Ice-King had kissed her. So cold was it that even the animals and the birds did not knowwhat to make of it.“Ugh!” snarled the Wolf, as he limped through the brushwood with his tail between his legs, “this is perfectly monstrous weather. Why doesn’t the Government look to it?”“Weet! weet! weet!” twittered the green Linnets(朱顶雀), “the old Earth is dead, and they have laid her out in her white shroud.”“The Earth is going to be married, and this is her bridal dress,” whispered the Turtle-doves（斑鸠）to each other. Their little pink feet were quite frost-bitten, but they felt that it was their duty to take a romantic view of the situation. “Nonsense!” growled the Wolf. “I tell you that it is all the fault of the Government, and if you don’t believe me I shall eat you.” The Wolf had a thoroughly practical mind, and was never at a loss for a good argument.“Well, for my own part,” said the Woodpecker, who was a born philosopher, “I don’t care an atomic theory for explanations. If a thing is so, it is so, and at present it is terribly cold.”Terribly cold it certainly was. The little Squirrels, who lived inside the tall fir-tree, kept rubbing each other’s noses to keepthemselves warm, and the Rabbitscurled themselves up in their holes, and did not venture even to look out of doors. The only people who seemed to enjoy it were the great horned Owls（角鸮）. Their feathers were quite stiff with rime, but they did not mind, and they rolled their large yellow eyes, and called out to each other across the forest,“Tu-whit! Tu-whoo! Tu-whit! Tu-whoo! What delightful weather we are having!”On and on went the two Woodcutters, blowing lustily upon their fingers, and stamping with their huge iron-shod boots upon the caked snow. Once they sank into a deep drift, and came out as white as millers are, when the stones are grinding, and once they slipped onthe hard smooth ice where the marsh-water was frozen, and their faggots（柴捆）fell out of their bundles, and they had to pick them up and bind them together again, and once they thought that they had lost their way, and a great terror seized on them, for they knew that the Snow is cruel to those who sleep in her arms. But they put their trust in the good Saint Martin who watches over all travelers, and retraced their steps, and went warily, and at last they reached the outskirts of the forest, and saw, far down in the valley beneath them, the lights of the village in which they dwelt.三． Point out the errors in the following Chinese translations and give the correct ones.（10 分）1. His code was honesty and integrity. His word was always good, and he raised my brother and myself to put honor above profit. He was quite a man.译文：他的人生准则是诚实与正直，他的言语是对人有益的。
研究生入学考试华理化工原理专业课常见简答50题
研究生入学考试华理化工原理专业课常见简答50题简答题分值30分（10题），从2010的考题看10题简答全部是前10年考过的，没有问题方式的变化也变不了以下我个人手打总结了96-07 09 的简答题大部分必须知道的问题，08年的试卷没有弄到，不过估计有几题也是一样的1.均匀流段有何特点？流体均匀流过等直径弯管的流动能否视为均匀流段？为什么？答：特点是各流线都是平行的直线，并与截面垂直，固定态流动条件下该截面上的流体没有加速度，势能分布服从静力学原理。
流段截面上各点的总势能总是相等。
流体均匀流过等直径弯管的流动不能视为均匀流动，因为在其流段截面上各点的总势能不相等。
2.转子流量计的特点是什么？孔板流量计的缺点是什么？设孔板流量计的中心问题是什么？答：转子流量计的特点是恒流速、恒压差。
孔板流量计的缺点是阻力损失大，中心问题是选择合适的面积比m以期兼顾适宜的读数和阻力损失。
3.简述螺旋桨式和涡流式搅拌器的特点答：螺旋桨式搅拌器特点是流量大、压头低的特点，液体在搅拌釜主要做轴向和切向运动，主要适合大尺度和调匀（如釜底有较多颗粒沉降）涡流式搅拌器流量小，压头高的特点，液体在搅拌釜主要做径向和切向运动，对于要求小尺度均匀搅拌的中、低粘度液体较为合适。
4.简述数学模型法的主要步骤答：（1）将复杂的真实过程本身简化成易用数学方程式描述的物理模型（2）对所的到的物理模型进行数学描述即建立数学模型（3）通过实验对数学模型的合理性进行检验并测定模型参数5.过滤常数与哪些因素有关？答：其与悬浮液性质（体积分数）、（滤液黏度）、滤饼特性r及虚拟压强差有关6.颗粒的自由沉降速度是否仅是颗粒与流体的特性？答：不仅与颗粒和流体的特性有关，还与其他因素有关：（1）干扰沉降（2）端效应（3）分子运动（4）非球形（5）液滴或气泡的运动7.在多效蒸发的操作中，各效蒸发器的温度和各效浓度分别取决于什么？答：各效蒸发器温度仅与端点温度有关，在操作中自动形成某种分布，各效浓度仅取决于端点温度和料液的初始温度，在操作中自动形成某种分布。
天津工业大学研究生入学考试马克思主义哲学原理2007真题
2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：607 试题名称：马克思主义哲学原理
注意事项：1．本试卷共两道大题（共计7小题），满分150分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
一、简答题：（每题15分，共60分）
1、简述辩证唯物主义的物质观。
2、简述唯物辩证法的规律体系。
3、简要评析：“感觉到了的东西，我们不能立刻理解它，只有理解了的东西才能更深刻地感觉它”。
4、如何理解社会发展是“自然历史过程”。
二、论述题：（每题30分，共90分）
1、试用社会意识相对独立性原理说明在社会主义市场经济条件下加强道德建设的重要性。
2、试述人类社会与自然界的协调发展。
3、试用真理的绝对性与相对性辩证关系的原理说明当前应该怎样正确对待马克思主义。
第1页（共5页）。
2007年天津工业大学基础英语汉语考研真题
2007年天津工业大学基础英语汉语考研真题I. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Fill in the following blanks by choosing A, B, C or D. There is only ONE answer for eachblank, write the letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The tulip grower owns a house in Iceland, 50-acre vineyard in France and two luxury _____moored at a harbour in Spain.A. yachtsB. woodpeckersC. visasD. steeds2. It’s better to be happy with what you have got than to be always ______ towards something you can’t have.A. wringingB. wrestlingC. zoomingD. yearning3. I give you my ______ that I’ll never mention the matter again.A. utteranceB. wordC. underwriterD. latent4. Wheat, rice, corn, and oats are ______.A. pancakesB. picklesC. cerealsD. luncheons5. Neither the monk nor the nuns were utterly _______ witnesses because they had not seen theaccident themselves.A. dogmaticB. credibleC. serialD. open-minded6. The tradesman was arrested after being discovered with packets of cocaine sewn into the ______ of his cap.A. timingB. telexingC. typewritingD. lining7. Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s ______.A. vulnerabilityB. boldnessC. responsibilityD. influence8. She was on _______ for a long time after her husband passed away.A. tumourB. twilightC. twigD. tranquilizer9. He dropped a _______ on us on the first of March when he told us that we were bankrupt.A. warshipB. fireplaceC. thunderboltD. poppy10. All of the following are nice food except the ________.A. muffinB. puddingC. pineappleD. sweetheart11. A ______ is the office or people responsible for the management of an organization, particularly an international or political one, such as the United Nations.A.showcaseB. signpostC. secretariatD. lookout12. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was received with all the traditional ______ andceremony that is laid on for visiting heads of government.A. pompB. sunflowerC. sunlightD. fever13. The bees carry the _______ from one flower to another.A. honeymoonB. pollenC. petalD. pier14. The _______ is usually put on top of the postage stamp so that the stamp cannot be used more than once.A. post-officeB. personageC. postmarkD. prose15. An investigation that is _______ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.A. uncomplicatedB. subjectiveC. unguidedD. timely16. The _______ stretches as far as the eye can see.A. portfolioB. prairieC. earthwormD. electrode17. The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly _______, most frequently by human intervention.A. disturbedB. celebratedC. questionedD. observed18. In that war thousands and thousands of people were put to the _______.A. yearbookB. swordC. walnutD. witch19. Do you see _______ cloud that is almost in the shape of a clown?A. audioB. dwarfC. weightyD. yonder20. In Britain, judges wear white _______ in court.A. wigsB. willowsC. widowerD. whirlwindII. Reading Comprehension Part OneDirections: Read the following passage and write T for True if the statement is true, F for False if the statement is not true based on the passage you have read. Write your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.Dreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soulleaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusions, having much in common with day-dreams the fantasies of our waking life. Whendreaming, however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be.Although most dreams apparently happen spontaneously, dream activity may be provoked byexternal influences.Suffocation dreams are connected with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold, for instance. Internal disorders such as indigestion can cause vivid dreams, and dreams of racing fire-engines may be caused by the ringing of an alarm bell.Experiments have been carried out to investigate the connection between deliberately inflictedpain and dreaming. For example, a sleeper pricked with a pin perhaps dreams of fighting a battle and receiving a severe sword wound. Although the dream is stimulated by the physical discomfort, the actual events of the dream depend on the associations of the discomfort in the mind of the sleeper.A dreamer’s eyes often move rapidly from side to side. Since people born blinddo not dreamvisually and do not manifest this eye activity, it is thought that the dreamer may be scanning the scene depicted in his dream. A certain amount of dreaming seems to be a human requirement if a sleeper is roused every time his eyes begin to move fast, effectively depriving him of his dreams, he will make more eye movements the following night.People differ greatly in their claims to dreaming. Some say they dream every night, others onlyvery occasionally. Individual differences probably exist, but some people immediately forget dreams and others have good recall.Superstition and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be prophetic have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved.Everyone knows that a sleeping dog often behaves as though he were dreaming, but it isimpossible to tell what his whines and twitches really mean. By analogy with human experience,however, it is reasonable to suppose that at least the higher animals are capable of dreaming. Of the many theories of dreams, Freud’s is probably the best known. According to Freud, we revert in our dreams to the modes of thought characteristic of early childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial, and non-logical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of. Dreams are absurd and unaccountable because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them. Some of Freud’s interpretations are extremely fanciful, but there is almost certainly some truth in his view that dreams express the subconscious mind.21.____ A sleeper pricked with a pin may dream that he has been stabbed.22.____ Sighted people and those who have never been able to see dream in exactly the same way.23.____ There is plenty of proof available that dreams foretell the future.24.____ Dreams in sleep are quite different from day-dreams.25.____ Dreams may be caused by an upset stomach.26.____ Dreaming is probably unnecessary.27.____ Everyone knows that dogs dream just like human beings.28.____ Because human beings dream, so may the more intelligent animals.29.____ Dreams are not easy to interpret because the original thoughts and ideas are disguised.30.____ It is almost certainly true that dreams express the subconscious mind. Part TwoDirections: Read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D for the correct answer for eachquestion. There is only ONE answer for each question, write the letter A, B, C orD on the ANSWERSHEET.Passage OneWhy should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplementsto bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years’ time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers hadlooked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000suggestions. ( Well, she had written to “other quality newspapers”, too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr.Nicholls.There remains the dinner-party game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewershave played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly lessattention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy ( the author of Christie’s entry in Missing Persons ) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy ( he had tried to escape by ship to America).It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. Therehas been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives notmuch is always known.Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are notrecorded, his biographer comments: “Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to hisversatility.” Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 per cent, against the original DBN’s 3 ), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory.” It doesn’t seem toqualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, whichincluded lives of people who never existed ( such as Merlin ) and even managed to give thanks to J. W.Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits a shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the List of contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke.”31. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ________.A. because it is not worth the priceB. because it has fewer entries than beforeC. unless one has all the volumes in his collectionD. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly32. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ________.A. the editors had clear rules to followB. there were too many criminals in the entriesC. the editors clearly favored benefactorsD. the editors were irrational in their choices33. Crippen was absent from the DNB ________.A. because he escaped to the U.S.B. because death sentence had been abolishedC. for reasons not clarifiedD. because of the editors’ mistake34. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ________.A. illustrate some features of the DNBB. give emphasis to his argumentC. impress the reader with its contentD. highlight the people in the Middle Ages35. Throughout the passage, the writer’s tone towards the DNB was ________.A. complimentaryB. supportiveC. sarcasticD. bitterPassage TwoWhen literary periods are defined on the basis of men’s writing, women’s writing must beforcibly assimilated into an irrelevant grid: a Renaissance that is not a Renaissance for women, aRomantic period in which women played very little part, a Modernism with which women conflict. Simultaneously, the history of women’s writing has been suppressed, leaving large, mysterious gaps in accounts of the development of various genres. Feminist criticism is beginning to correct this situation. Margaret Anne Doody, for example, suggests that during “the period between the death of Richardson and the appearance of the novels of Scott and Austen,” which has “been regarded as deadperiod.”Late-eighteenth-century women writers actually developed “the paradigm for women’s fiction of the nineteenth century ❭ something hardly less than the paradigm of the nineteenth-century novel itself.” Feminist critics have also pointed out that the twentieth-century writer Virginia Woolf belonged to a tradition other than modernism and that this tradition surfaces in her work precisely where criticism has hitherto found obscurities, evasions, implausibilities, and imperfections.36. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the division of literature into periods based on men’s writing as an approach that _______.A. makes distinctions among literary periods ambiguousB. was misunderstood until the advent of feminist criticismC. provides a valuable basis from which feminist criticism has evolvedD. obscures women’s contributions to literature37. The passage suggests which of the following about Virginia Woolf’s work?I. Nonfeminist criticism of it has been flawed.II. Critics have treated it as part of modernism.III. It is based on the work of late-eighteenth century women writers.A. I onlyB. II onlyC. I and II onlyD. II and III only38. The author quotes Doody most probably in order to illustrate _______.A. a contribution that feminist criticism can make to literary criticismB. a modernist approach that conflicts with women’s writingC. writing by a woman which had previously been ignoredD. the hitherto overlooked significance of Scott’s and Austen’s novels39. The passage provides information that answers which of the following questions?A. In what tradition do feminist critics usually place Virginia Woolf?B. What are the main themes of women’s fiction of the nineteenth century?C. What events motivated the feminist reinterpretation of literary history?D. How has the period between Richardson’s death and Scott’s and Austen’s novels traditionallybeen regarded by critics?Passage ThreeInvestigators of monkeys’ social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’aggressivepotential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, and time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, themotivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealedthat starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to oneanother for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced intoan existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneousintroduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attentionamong the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced into a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat.The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.40. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.A. advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behaviorB. comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeysC. explaining the reasons for researchers’ interest in monkeys’ social behaviorD. discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys41. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effect of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?A. Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.B. Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimulifor eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.C. Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting,but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wildD. Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to adecrease in conflict.42. According to the author, studies such as Southwick’s had which of the following effects on investigators’ theories about monkeys’ social behavior?A. They confirmed investigators’ theories about monkeys’ aggressive response to competition for food and water.B. They cast doubt on investigators’ theories that could account for observed patterns of aggression among monkeys.C. They disproved investigators’ theory that the introduction of intruders in an organized monkey group elicits intragroup aggressive behavior.D.They confirmed investigators’beliefs about the motivation for continued aggression among monkeys in the same social group.43.The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because________.A. aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeysB. most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not functionwithout control of their aggressive impulsesC. situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratoryD. successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group44. It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to ________.A. keep the monkeys from straying and joining in other groupsB. control aggressive behavior among group membersC. protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attackD. prevent the domination of that group by another45. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?A. A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.B. A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.C. Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.D. Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed. III. ClozeDirections: Read the following passage and try to fill in each of the numbered spaces with ONEsuitable word. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Emotional Intelligence TestFor decades, a lot of emphasis has been put on the certain aspects of intelligence, such as logicalreasoning, math skills, spatial skills, understanding analogies, verbal skills, etc. Researchers were__46__ by the fact that while IQ could predict __47__ a significant degree the academic performance and, to some degree, professional and personal success, there was something missing in the equation.Some of those with __48__IQ scores were doing poorly in life; one could say that they were wasting their talent by thinking, behaving and communicating in a way that __49__their chances to succeed.One of the major missing parts in the success equation is emotional intelligence, a __50__ madepopular by the groundbreaking book by Daniel Goleman, __51__ is based on years of research bynumerous scientists, such as Peter Salovey, John Meyer, Howard Gardener, Robert Sternberg and Jack Block, just to name a few. __52__ various reasons and thanks to a wide range of abilities, people with __53__ emotional intelligence tend to be more successful in life than those with lower EIQ even if their classical IQ is average. The test that you are about to take will evaluate several __54__ of your emotional intelligence and will suggest ways to improve it. Please, be honest and answer according to what you really do, feel or think, rather than what you think is considered __55__in this test. Nobodyis there to judge you, just yourself, and besides, there are many trick questions. IV. 古汉语翻译燕昭王求士（节选）《战国策》……郭隗先生对曰：“……王诚博选国中之贤者，而朝其门下，天下闻王朝其贤臣，天下之士，必趋于燕矣。
天津工业大学化工原理总复习剖析
S 0 n d 0 L
t2 t1 t m t 2 ln t1
1 K0 1 b d0 d0 RS 0 RSi 0 di i d i
0 .8 n 0.023 Re Pr di
2.粘度单位及其随温度变化趋势；
3.雷诺数
Re
du
4. 滞流和湍流Re的分割点。 5. 滞流和湍流各自的特点。 6. 边界层及滞流底层的含义。
7. 管路能量损失的计算。
直管阻力 l u2 hf d 2 l u 2 或 p f d 2 总能量损失
l le u 2 hf d 2
2 2
p1
2
2
(以单位重量为基准)
u12 u22 z1g p1 we z2 g p2 p f (以单位体积为基准) 2 2
掌握不同表达方式各项所表示的含义及单位 （6） 利用伯努写清楚！
三.管路能量损失计算
1.牛顿粘性定律及适用条件；
T 2.四次方定律： Eb C0 100
4
E T4
3.灰体辐射能力定律：克希霍夫定律
A
T E Eb C 0 100
4
物体的黑度（吸收率） 越大，辐射能力越强
六、强化传热的途径
一、填空
1. 某设备在兰州地区真空表的读数为80kPa，则其绝对压强为 _________mmHg；在天津地区操作时，若要维持相同的绝 对压强，真空表的读数应为_________kPa。（已知兰州地 区平均大气压为85kPa，天津地区平均大气压为100kPa）
五.离心泵选型
所选离心泵所提供流量及压头应稍高于管路所需。如何调 节以满足管路实际需求？
天津工业大学2007研究生复试运筹学大纲
天津工业大学2007研究生复试《运筹学》大纲第一章：线性规划掌握决策变量、目标函数、约束条件、标准形式、松弛变量概念；学会图解法；学会化线性规划为标准形；掌握可行解、可形域、最优解，、基、基解、基可形解、可行基概念；理解单纯形法的基本定理及单纯形法迭代原理；理解解的检验原理；掌握单纯形法的表上作业法；掌握人工变量法（大M法）、两阶段法；了解单纯形法计算中的几个问题；了解线性规划的应用；了解对偶理论及灵敏度分析有关内容；掌握运输问题的表上作业法、最小元素法、西北角法、Vogel 法、解的检验、解的改进方法；第二章：非线性规划掌握凸函数与凹函数、凸规划概念；理解Fibonacci 数列和0.618法求解原理。
第三章：动态规划掌握动态规划的逆序解法与顺序解法求最短路径问题；掌握背包问题。
第四章：图与网络分析掌握有关图的基本概念；理解图的矩阵表示、欧拉回路、图与生成树；掌握Dijkstra算法；理解最大流有关概念、理解最大流—最小割定理、掌握求最大流的标号算法。
第五章：对策论理解对策论与对策现象、对策现象三要素；理解对策问题举例及对策的分类；掌握矩阵对策的定义、矩阵对策的策略、矩阵对策的混合策略；理解矩阵对策的基本定理；掌握求解矩阵对策纯策略的方法；了解二人无限零和对策、三人非合作对策；2×2阶双矩阵对策的概念。
第六章；决策论理解决策分析概念、决策分析研究的基本问题；掌握风险型决策的期望值法、掌握悲观主义准则（max-min 准则）、乐观主义准则（max-max 准则）、等可能准则（Laplace 准则）、综合方法；了解效用理论原理、了解效用函数方法；理解层次分析方法原理。
教材：《运筹学教程》；胡运权、郭耀煌编；清华大学出版社；2000。
教学参考书：《运筹学》；《运筹学》教材编写组；清华大学出版社；1998。
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2007年天津工业大学硕士研究生入学考试试题
试题编号：406 试题名称：化工原理
注意事项：1．本试卷共9道大题（共计41小题），满分150分；
2．本卷属试题卷，答案一律写在答题纸上，写在该试题卷上或草稿纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；
3．必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔答题，其它笔答题均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡
一、填空（共12分，每空1分）
1.某设备表压强为128kPa,则它的绝对压强为（1）kPa（当地大气压为100kPa）。
2.流体在圆管内作滞流流动时，平均速度是最大速度的（2）倍。
3.作滞(层)流流动时,摩擦阻力系数λ= （3）。
4.离心泵的实际安装高度（4）允许安装高度，就可防止气蚀现象发生。
5.往复泵采用（5）调节流量。
6.固体颗粒在重力条件下沉降，颗粒直径（6）的粒子沉降速率大。
7.用两层厚度相同，导热系数不同的材料，给圆形蒸汽管道保温，将导热系数较（7）的材料放在内侧，保温效果好。
8.在套管换热器实验中，用蒸汽加热空气，蒸汽在管外冷凝成同温度的水，则逆流和并流时平均温差的大小相比,∆t m,逆（8）∆t m,并。
9.精馏操作中，进料热状况由q给出。
当q = 0.6 时, 表示进料中的（9）含量为60%。
10.全回流及最小回流比是两个操作极限。
对确定的分离要求,全回流时所需的理论板数最（10）。
11.在液体中溶解度很大的气体，吸收阻力主要集中在（11）膜。
12.某湿物料质量为0.5kg，其绝干质量为0.2kg，则该物料干基含水率为（12）。
二、选择题（单选，共30分，每小题1.5分）
1.对于非圆形管，当量直径等于（）的流通截面积除以润湿周边。
A)四分之一B) 四倍C)二倍D)一半
2.不可压缩流体由水平圆管A（Φ57×
3.5mm）向上流动到垂直圆管B（Φ32
第1页（共5页）。