(适配高二)宾语从句知识点

宾语从句
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。

宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。

当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必须有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如worth,careful 等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。

即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

比较下面几个句子
I don't know the phone number.
I don't know what’ his phone number is.
I don't know if this is his phone number.
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.
宾语从句详解
一．宾语从句的分类:.
1 作动词的宾语:
I heard that he would come here later on.
2 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
3 作形容词的宾语：
I am sure I will pass the exam.
二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法
分三类：
从属连词 that(陈述句),if,whether（是否），
连接代词who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
找出并翻译下列句中的宾语从句
1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year
2 I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
5 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
6 He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel（新的操作盘）?
8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
（一） that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
1 只起连接作用，无词意，通常第一个that 可省。

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
2在以下情况中that不能省略
1）、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.
4）当it作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
5）当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．
6）. that从句单独回答问题时。

如：
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

3 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
注意：
1)主句的谓语动词是
think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一
般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
2)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物动词及I’m afraid等表达的后面，可用so,或not代替一个宾语从句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。

—Are we late?
---I’m afraid so.
----Do you think he will come?
----No,I think not./I don’t think so.
注: I don’t think /believe/suppose/expect so.这种结构不能用于动词guess 和hope,guess和hope 只能用I hope/guess not.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。

一般来说，后者比较正式，在口语中前者常用来代替后者。

但两者有时具有不同的暗示。

用whether时，正反两面的选择意义较强，问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定；而用if时，则比较强调单方面，即正面，问话人希望得到肯定的回答。

另外，还要注意从以下六个方面的高频考点：
一、whether和if都可以与or not连用；但whether和or not写在一起时，或在动词短语后，只能用whether，不能用if。

如：
● I don't care whether (或if) it will rain or not．
● I don't care whether or not it will rain. (不用if)
● I don't care about whether or not it will rain. (不用if)
二、在引导宾语从句时，应注意：
1、表示“是否”时，两词都能引导宾语从句。

①I don't know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能来.
②She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她问我是否有兴趣为她工作。

③We'll be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not.我们明天才知道是不是应该参加考试.
④I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的.
⑤I wonder if/whether you can examine him now．
( 注意: 在两个供选择的从句之间若用or字, 则须重复whether一字. )
注: ⑴当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用whether。

如:Whether I'll have time to go with you I am not sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。

2、宾语从句移置句首时，用whether，不用if。

Whether it is true or not， I can't say．
=I can't say whether/if it is true or not
3、宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if，而不用whether。

I asked Tom if Mary wouldn’t come．
4、动词discuss，decide, consider等后习惯上也常用Whether引导从句，不用if。

考试注意改错题
三、在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if。

1、与不定式连用时，只能用whether．
He can't decide whether to accept or refuse．
2、在介词后，只能用whether。

Everything depends on whether he is ready．
I don't care about whether or not it will rain.
3、在名词后作同位语时，只能用whether。

The question whether they ought to stop working was discussed among the workers．
I have no idea whether he is there．
4、引导主语从句时，只能用whether。

Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．
5、引导表语从句时，只能用whether。

What Maria doesn't know is whether there will be enough snow．
6、当whether和or not连用时，只用whether不用if。

如:
I don’t know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回来。

I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴。

注意：当or not放在whether引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。

8、在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。

①The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna.问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳.
②She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait.是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。

③We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走.
④I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on.我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任.
四、if可引导条件状语从句，译作“如果”，whether可引导让步状语从句，译作“不管、
无论”。

If I were you，I would not buy．
Whether he agrees or not，I shall go there．
We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我
们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。

Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday.无论下不下雨, 我们星期六一定踢足球.
五、whether和if均可用来引导主语从句，但if引导的从句不能位于句首。

Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时whether不能换作if ）
It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.说不上还有没有空座位了. (此句whether能换作if)
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

用于这
种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

②连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Have you determined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
③连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?
例1 No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
例2 The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was
B. what’s the matter
C. what was the matter
D. what the matter is
四.宾语从句的时态
时态：
1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现
在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
例1The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.
A. was booked
B. had been booked
C. were booked
D. have been booked 例2We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. had left
D. had been away
五宾语从句中的语气
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟
语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

1.Wish(表现在--->过去时；表过去--->过去完成时；表将来--->would+do )
I wish I were a bird and could fly freely .
I wish I had met that film star yesterday.
How I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow .
2.在表示含有“愿望、建议、命令”等词的各种从句中，从句的谓语动词用（should +do ）
一坚持二命令三建议四要求 i-和-s双重性
Insist , order, command, advise, suggest , propose, demand, desire,
request, require insist/suggest
Eg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read English aloud.
He required that we (should) work all right.
It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off next week.
The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off till next week
surprised us a lot.
The suggestion is that the meeting (should)……….
注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意时，insist表示“坚持认为，硬要说”之意
时，不用虚拟。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.
六、宾语从句的特殊式
it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。

You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。

）
I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.
我将注意...
Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他坚持说自己是无辜的。

）
I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我让你自己判断这
事是否该做。

）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。

）
某些表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, prefer, appreciate 等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；或者当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。

I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。

）
I don’t like it when shop assistants follow me around. 我不喜欢店员跟在我后面.
I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

He hates it when people talk with their mouths full.他讨厌别人边说话边吃东西。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 感激。

宾语从句简化：例1I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects 例2It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it。