Figuresofspeechandrhetoricaldevices

Figuresofspeechandrhetoricaldevices
Figures of Speech And Rhetorical Devices
1.Simile(明喻)：用某一事物或情境来比拟另一事物或情境。

例：Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit
2.Metapho r(暗喻)：它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物（喻体）当作乙事物（本体）
来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中。

例：There were a few lordly poplars before the house.
3.Personification(拟人)：把物（包括物体，动物，思想或抽象概念）比做人，
使其具有人的外表，个性或情感的修辞手段。

例：The flowers nodded in the breeze.
4.Alliteration(押头韵)：指以辅音字母开头，且有音符，有节拍节奏的诗歌。

例：A w ar of w it and w ords才智和语言的交锋
5.Rhyme(押尾韵)：押词尾元音之韵
例：True wit is nature to advantage d ressed,
What oft was thought, but ne’er so well exp ressed,
Something whose truth convinced at sight we f ind,
That gives us back the image of our m ind.
6.Satire(讽刺文)：通过幽默对社会现象或一群人所作所为的讽刺和取笑。

例：People who never gave the flag much thought except on the fourth of July have become suddenly, passionately, patriotic.
7.Irony(反语)：正话反说，反说正话，含有讽刺意味。

例：“A fine thing!” the father replied.
8.Euphemism(婉言)：把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和含蓄的表达出来。

例：to rest in peace 安息
9.Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)：用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，有时可放在
一起使用。

例：No light, but rather darkness visible.
10.Onomatopoeia(拟声)：模仿人，动物，自然现象，机器或工具等物或动作产生
的各种声响。

例：The girls clattered at their lunch.
11.Inversion(倒装法)：句子采用倒装结构。

例：Only in this way can you solve this problem.
12.Anaphora (首语重复)：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复
多遍。

例：We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.
13.Anticlimax(突降法):指说话或写作中从有重大意义的精彩内容突然转入平淡
或荒谬的内容。

例：On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
14.Antithesis(对照):指结构形式一样，含义相反。

例：Speech is sliver; silence is golden.
15.Assonance(半谐韵):指几个相邻词的元音相似或相同但是前后辅音不同。

例：S a dness and gl a dness succeed each other.
16.Climax(渐强):指一系列的词语或句子，其中表达的意义根据事物的发展顺序
的逻辑关系由轻及重，由浅及深，由弱及强等依次阶升，层层递进直至达到高潮。

例：Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
17.Consonance(辅韵): 指位于词尾的辅音重复，前面无相似或相同的元音。

例：You are your greatest enemy if you are a co ward, but if you are brave, you are your greatest f riend.
18.Polytoton (同源反复):同一字根的不同词语出现在一个句子中。

例:Genius is 1％inspiration and 99％perspiration.
19.Allusion(引用):引用一般多用关键词或词组，引用的内容包括典故，谚语，成
语，格言和俗语等。

例：Grammar is his heels of Achilles.语法是他最大的弱点。

(Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士，除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入)
20.Antiphrasis(反用法):词义反用表示讽刺，幽默，冷嘲。

例：The boy is a giant of 3 feet 2 inches.
21.Hyperbole(夸张):通过夸张达到某种修辞效果。

例：His words made my blood freeze.
22.Meiosis(弱陈法):用直接肯定的结构来故意缩小事态。

例：Mr. Li is something of a philosopher.
23.Metonymy(换喻):用某一事物的名称代替已知事物名称且有亲密联系。

例：When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.
24.Parable (寓言):借说故事来说明道理。

例：The tortoise and the hare tells us that you have to do in order to succeed. 25.Paradox (佯谬):似是而非或者似是而是的表达。

例：What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.
26.Pun (双关):用一个词，话或一个语言片段同时表达双重意思，一个是表面的
一个是隐含的。

例：——What does the lawyer do after his death?
——Lie still.
27.Synecdoche (提喻):用部分代替整体或整体代替部分。

例：He had to earn his daily bread by doing odd jobs.
28.Transferred (移位修饰法):形容词被移位，从一个名词前移到另一个之相关的
名词前。

例：She was so worried about her son that she spent several sleepless nights.。