标准试验方法电晕处理聚合物薄膜利用水接触角测量

Standard Test Method for corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements标准试验方法电晕处理聚合物薄膜利用水接触角测量
1.Scope范围
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the contact angle of water droplets on corona-treated polymer film surfaces.这种测试方法涵盖了电晕处理聚合物薄膜表面的水滴接触角测量。

Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.注意：1，没有相类似或相同的ISO标准。

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.在SI单位表示的值将被视为为标准。

括号内的值仅供参考。

1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.此标准并非旨在解决所有的安全问题，如果有的话，与其使用相关。

这是本标准的用户建立的规章限制的适用性之前使用的责任。

2.Referenced Documents参考文件
2.1 ASTM standards:美国ASTM标准
D618 Practice for Conditioning Practice for Testing 实践试验条件实践
D724 Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method)试验方法纸表面润湿性（角的联系人方法）
E691 Practice of Precision of a Test Method实践能力测试方法的精密度
3.Terminology术语
3.1 Definitions of terms specific to this standard:术语定义特定于本标准
3.1.1 static contact angle between the substrate surface and the tangent line drawn to the droplet surface at the three phase point ,when a liquid drop is resting on a plane solid surface.基板表面之间的切线静态接触角液滴表面绘制在三个阶段来看，当液体滴在飞机上休息的固体表面。

3.1.1.1 Discussion-contact angle values can be determined as follows:(1)by analyzing an image of a droplet using various projection or reflective devices and measuring the contact angle directly with a protractor by using tangential alignment of a cursor line or the use of reference alignment procedures (Test Method D 724);or (2)by analyzing an image 讨论，接触角值可以按以下方法确定：（1）分析的一个使用各种投影或反射装置测量液滴的形象，用量角器直接接触角采用切向排列的光标线或使用的参考路线程序（测试方法D 724），或（2）通过分析图像
3.1.1.2Discussion-instrumentation is also available that utilizes an image an directly determines the contact angle based on the calculation shown for Method(2)of U.S.Patent No.5,268,733.讨论，仪器也可以，利用图像直接决定了一个接触角法基础上所示的计算（2）USPatent 5号，268733。

3.1.1.3Discussion-Method(1)may be biased due to the subjective nature of visually finding a tangent to the droplet image at the three-phase point;if Method(1)is to be used,the bias of each operator's measurements shall be determined. Because
Method(2)utilizes measured dimensions of the droplet,it would be expected to have less bias. Comparative analyses using these various procedures have not been conducted.obtained from these different methods.论式方法（1）可能会偏向由于视觉发现在三相点相切的液滴图像的主观性质，如果方法（1）要使用时，每个运营商的测量偏差应被决定。

由于方法（2）利用测得的液滴尺寸，它预计将有较少的偏见。

通过对比分析这些不同的程序尚未进行，请从这些不同的方法3.1.1.4Discussion-Method(2)may not be applicable in special cases in which the contact angle is greater than90º讨论式方法（2）不得在特殊情况下适用，其中接触角大于than90 º
4.Summary of Test Method试验方法综述
4.1 In this test method,drops of water are placed on the surface of a film sample, and the contact angle values are measured and then averaged.在这个测试方法，水滴被放置在一个薄膜样品的表面，接触角值的测量，然后取平均值。

5.Significance and Use意义和使用
5.1Thw ability of polymer films to retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc. Is primarily dependent on the character of their surfaces and can be improved by one of several surface treating techniques.The electrical discharge treatment, such as corona treatment, has been found to increase the wetting tension of a polymer film;The stronger the treatment,the more actively the surface reacts with different polar interfaces.It is therefore possible to relate the contact angle of a polymer film surface to its ability to accept and retain inks,coatings.adhesives, etc.if the ink,coating.or adhesive contains the polar functionalities.Contact angle in itself is not a completely acceptable measure of ink.coating.or adhesive adhesion.泰华聚合物薄膜的能力，保持油墨，涂料，粘合剂等，主要是基于其表面特性，可改善依赖几种表面处理技术之一，电气电晕放电处理，如治疗，已被发现增加聚合物薄膜润湿张力越强的治疗，更积极地与不同极性表面界面反应，因此，有可能涉及的聚合物膜的表面它能够接受及保留油墨，涂料接触角。

粘合剂等，如果油墨，涂料或粘合剂含有极功能，联系本身的角度不是油墨，涂料，粘合剂粘合或完全接受的措施。

5.2The wetting tension of a polymer film belongs to a group of physical parameters for which no standard of accuracy exists. The wetting tension of a polymer cannot be measures directly because solids do not change shape measurably in reaction to surface energy. Many indirect methods have been proposed. Different test methods tend to produce different results on identical samples.Practical determination of a solid's surface energy uses this interaction of the solid with test liquids.一个聚合物薄膜润湿张力属于一种对于没有准确标准存在的物理参数组。

一个聚合物润湿张力不能直接措施不会改变，因为固体形状适当地反应到表面的能量。

许多间接的方法被提出。

不同的测试方法往往会产生不同的结果在相同的样本，实用的固体表面的能量决心使用这种固体液体与测试互动。

5.3Although the level of surface treatment of polymer films has been traditionally defined in the industry in terms of dynes/cm(mN/m),these values are derived from a subjective interpretation of the observed test liquid behavior.
虽然聚合物薄膜表面处理水平，历来在同行业中定义的/厘米（分钟/米）达因条款，这些值都是从一个观察到的测试液体行为的主观解释。

5.4The following ranges of water contact angle values can be used as a guide for defining the level of surface treatment of polyolefins and many other polymer films with initial low surface energies:水接触角值以下范围可以用来作为确定聚烯烃表面还有许多其他的初始低表面能高分子膜处理水平指南：
5.4.1The suitability of the test for specification acceptance. Manufacturing control.and end use of polymer films will have to be established through capability studies for each articular film and treatment.为规范对验收测试的适用性。

生产控制和结束聚合物薄膜的使用将必须通过每个关节膜，研究建立了处理能力。

5.5Almost all materials have variations in contact angle as one moves from point ti point. Nonuniform treatment of film with corona treaters may also add variability to the results.Therefore, multiple measurements are necessary to reflect variation in treatment and surface roughness.几乎所有的材料在接触角的变化作为一个从点钛点移动。

与电晕处理工非均匀膜处理也可以添加可变性的结果，因此，多次测量是必要的，以反映在处理与表面粗糙度的变化。

6.Interferences干扰
6.1The wetting tension of a polymer film in contact with a drop of liquid in the presence of air is a function of the surface energies of both the air-film and film-liquid interfaces;any trace of surface-active impurities in the test liquid or on the film may affect the results. It is therefore important that the portion of the film surface to be tested not be touched or rubbed.that all equipment be scrupulously clean.and that water purity be guarded carefully.Glass apparatus.in particular.is likely to be contaminated with precautions are taken to ensure their absence.such as cleaning with chromic sulfuric acid and rinsing with distilled water.聚合物薄膜的润湿接触张力的液体，在空气存在下跌是对双方的空气膜和膜液界面的表面能功能;任何痕迹在测试液体的表面活性杂质或对电影可能会影响结果。

因此，重要的是，薄膜表面的一部分，要测试的不接触或摩擦，所有设备得到认真清理，并认真加以防护水的纯度，玻璃仪器，特别是可能与采取预防措施，以确保污染他们的缺席，如清洗铬硫酸，用蒸馏水漂洗。

6.2The presence of slip.antistatic.or antiblocking and other additives can change the surface of the film since these additives leach out to the surface with time.滑带的存在，抗静电或防粘连及其他添加剂可以改变膜的表面，因为这些添加剂滤出，随着时间的表面。

6.3Finely embossed films add more variability to the measurements.精细压纹膜中添加更多的可变性的测量
6.4polymer films often generate static charges when they are processed. Corona treatment usually exacerbates usually exacerbates the problems.The film sample for surface measurement may acquire a charge by friction when sliding over the specimen holder surface.
聚合物薄膜经常产生静电时，他们的处理方式。

电晕处理通常加剧往往加剧了对存在问题的薄膜样品表面测量摩擦可能获得一个充电时在试样座面滑动。

6.4.1The static charges may cause errors in contact angle measurements.These errors occur as the electrostatic field generated by the charged sample pills the water droplet to the film surface stronger than it would be in the absence of charges静态的费用可能会导致接触角测量误差，出现这些错误所收取样本丸水滴到薄膜表面紧密，这将在收费的情况下产生的静电场。

6.4.2T o prevent measurement errors. The film sample shall be kept free of static buildup before and during measurements by placing an air ionizer.also known as a static eliminator, in the vicinity of the specimen holder .These devices produce air ions of positive and negative polarity.The charged object in the vicinity of the ionizer will attract ions of the opposite polarity and will be neutralized.为了避免测量误差。

该薄膜样品应保持无静电堆积之前和期间的空气离子发生器放置，也被称为一个静电消除器测量，在试样座附近。

这些器件产生空气离子正负极性，带电物体在附近的离子发生器将吸引相反极性的离子，将被瓦解。

6.5The transfer of a droplet onto the measured surface shall be accomplished following the procedure described in Section 11. An improper transfer technique increases the variability of measurements一个液滴表面转移到测量完成后应在第11条所述的程序。

不正确的转换技术提高了测量的变异性。

6.6The contact angle measuring method using tangential alignment of the cursor line of a protractor.as described in 3.1.1.1(1),is biased due to the subjective nature of finding a tangent to the droplet image at the three-phase point.The smaller the measured contact angle.the larger the error.The bias of each operator's measurements shall be determined if this method is to be used.接触角测量方法采用切向排列的量角器光标所在的行，如3.1.1.1所述，（1），是偏颇由于发现在三相点相切的液滴图像的主观性质，规模较小测量接触角越大，每个运营商的测量偏差应当认定错误'如果这个方法被使用。

7.Apparatus仪器
7.1Contact Angle Meter,or Goniometer-The apparatus for measuring contact angles shall contain the following :(1)a liquid dispenser capable of suspending a precise droplet of the specified volume from the tip of the dispenser.(2)a sample holder that can stretch a film sample flat without wrinkles and distortions,(3)provisions for bringing the sample toward the suspended droplet in a controlled manner to accomplish droplet transfer onto the measured surface, and(4)means for projecting a "silhouette"image of the drop with minimal distortions.The apparatus shall have means for direct angle measurements,such as a protractor, or direct measurements of the droplet's dimensions.such as a grid or scale.or both,or a suitable charge coupled device sensor and analysis hardware and software appropriate for subsequent analysis
接触角测量仪，或测角器，用于测量接触角仪应当载明下列事项：（1）液体分配器中止一个指定的数量从饮水机尖端精密滴能力（2）样品架，可以延伸。

电影没有皱纹和扭曲样本单位，（3）在控制方式带来的对样本中的悬浮液滴完成被测表面上液滴转让的规定，以及（四）突出一个“剪影”形象的下降与手段最小的扭曲，器具须有直接的角度测量，如量角器，或直接测量了液滴的尺寸，如电网或
规模，或两者兼而有之，或一个合适的电荷耦合器件传感器和分析硬件和软件的适当的，这意味着随后分析
8.Reagents and Materials 试剂和材料
8.1Purity of water-Deionized ultra filtered water should be used for testing purposes.The test liquid shall be kept in scrupulously clean containers.水过滤后的水去离子超纯度应用于测试purposes.The测试液体，应在严格的清洁容器内。

9.Sampling抽样
9.1The minimum amount of film required for this test is an approximately 25-mm wide and 300-mm long sample strip.If a sample is taken from a roll, the direction of the sample relative to the machine direction of the web shall be noted.他对这个测试所需的最低金额为电影约25毫米宽，300毫米长的样条，如果样品是从一个滚采取样品相对于网络设备的方向为方向应加以注意。

9.2Extreme care shall be taken to prevent the surface of the film sample from being touched or handled in the areas upon which the test is to be made.应采取特别小心，以防止被触摸或地区后，该测试是要作出处理的薄膜样品表面。

9.3The number of measurements per film sample can be determined using published tables for sampling plans Complete tab;e can be found in most books on quality control.The recommended number of readings per sample is ten.每个薄膜样品的测量次数来确定使用抽样计划完成标签发布表; E可以在质量控制上大多数书籍发现，每个样本的读数建议的总数是10。

9.4For the purpose of determining the contact angle profile across the width of the roll.one contact angle measurement can be taken every 25mm(1 in)across the sample.
为了确定横跨幅宽接触角轮廓的目的，一接触角测量可采取每25毫米（1英寸）在该示例。

10.Conditioning空调
10.1Conditioning is not generally required for routine quality assurance(QA)or process control measurements since conditioning may affect the measured value and misrepresent the actual conditions.空调不一般需要例行的质量保证（QA）或过程控制测量，因为空调可能会影响测量值和歪曲实际情况。

10.2Conditioning is required for interlaboratory measurements intended to compare the results.Condition the test specimens at 23±2℃[73.4±3.6℉]and 50±5%relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to testing in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618,for those test in which conditioning is required.In cases of disagreement,the tolerances shall be±1℃[±18℉]and 2% relative humidity.
空调是需要旨在实验室间的测量结果进行比较，条件试样在23 ± 2℃[73.4 ± 3.6℉]和50 ± 5％相对湿度不小于40小时之前，按照程序的测试与实践D618，对于那些需要在其中空调试验在分歧的情况下，中，公差应在± 1℃[± 18℉]和2％的相对湿度。

10.3Test conditions-Special test conditions are not generally required for routine QA or process control measurements.测试条件，特殊测试条件下一般不须常规QA或过程控制测量。

10.4Test Conditions for interlaboratory Studies-E-Whenever possible,conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23±2℃[73.4±3.6℉]and 50±5%relative humidity,unless otherwise specified in the teat methods or in this test method,In cases of disagreement,the tolerances shall be ±1℃[±18℉]and 2%relative humidity.美国东部时间条件的实验室间的研究，电子只要可能，在23 ± 2℃[73.4 ± 3.6℉]和50 ± 5％，相对湿度标准的实验室进行测试的气氛，除非在乳头方法或在指定的测试方法，在分歧的情况下，公差应在± 1℃[± 18℉]和2％的相对湿度。

11.Procedure程序
11.1Place a sample strip onto the specimen holder of the instrument.Make sure the film sample is lying flat without wrinkles and distortions.放到仪器标本样条持有人，确保薄膜样品是在撒谎没有皱纹和扭曲持平。

11.2Suspend a 5 to 8-μL droplet at the end of a syringe needle.Bring the surface with the mounted sample upward until it touched the pendant drop.Then lower the surface with the sample to complete the droplet transfer. Do not drop or squirt droplets on the surface.See Fig.1.暂停5至8微升滴在一个注射器针头结束，使其与样品表面向上安装，直到它触及挂件下降，与样本完成熔滴过渡，然后降低表面。

请勿摔落或喷射液滴表面上，如图1。

11.3Follow the instrument manufacturer's instructions for a maximum time between dropping of the water droplet of the water droplet and e the measurement techniques listed in 3.1.1.1.遵循之间的水滴和测量水滴下降最大时间仪器制造商的说明，请使用3.1.1.1中列出的测量技术。

11.4Advance the sample to place the next droplet onto a previously untouched area.推进样品放置到先前触及领域的下一个液滴。

11.5Take ten contact angle measurements on the sample.在样品上采取十接触角测量。

12.Calculation计算
12.1Calculation计算
12.1.1Calulate the average of the ten measurements.计算的十个测量的平均值。

12.1.2Calculate the standard deviation of the measurements.计算标准偏差的测量
12.1.3Example:例如：
Average contact angle:70º.This result corresponds to the lower end of the very high treatment level.Standard deviation:2.4º.平均接触角：70。

º这个结果对应的治疗水平非常高，标准偏差下限：2.4 º。

13.Report报告
13.1Report the instrument used,number of readings, average value of the contact angle measurements and standard deviation, method used for determination of contact angle. Temperature,humidity,and any comments and observations.报告书的手段，读数数，接触角测量和标准差，方法平均值用于接触角的测定。

温度，湿度，以及任何评论和意见。

14.Precision and Bias精密和偏见。

14.1Precision:精密
14.1.1Instrement error depends on the instrument used.The instrument error can be assessed by measuring a uniform surface such as solidified paraffin wax and calculating the standard deviation of the measurements.Instrement错误取决于可衡量，如凝固石蜡一均匀的表面和计算标准偏差的测量仪器上的评估，低脂仪器误差。

14.1.2Precision of the Test-Table 1 is based on an interlaboratory study conducted in 1995in accordance with Practice E691 involving four materials and eight laboratories.Each test result was the average of ten individual determinations.Each laboratory obtained three test results for each material on two days.The results demonstrate that the precision of the results is generally independent of the treatment level(wetting tension)of the film.(Warning-The following explanations of r and Rare only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method.The data in Table 1 should not be applied rigorously to the acceptance or rejection of material,as those data are specific to the interlaboratory study and may not be representative of other lots.conditions,materials,or ers of this test method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their laboratory and materials.or between specific laboratories.The principles of14.1.3-14.2 would then be valid for such data.)
在测试表1精密正在按照1995年进行与实践E691实验室间研究，涉及四种材料和八个实验室的基础上，每个测试的结果是，十个人的决定，平均每个实验室获得每种材料两三个测试结果天，结果表明，该结果的精度是一般的处理水平（润湿张力）的电影无关。

（R和珍稀警告，下面的解释只是为了考虑到目前这个近似精度一种有意义的方式测试方法，在表1的数据不应该严格执行就是否接受或拒绝的材料，因为这些数据是特定于实验室间研究，不得与其他许多条件，材料或实验室，这种测试方法的用户代表要在实践中适用E691概述产生的特定的数据和材料实验室的原则，或者在特定的实验室，14.1.3-14.2的原则，然后将这些数据为有效。

）
14.1.3Concept of r and R-if S r and S R have been calculated from a large enough body of data,and for ere averages of ten test determinations.
概念的R和R -如锶和SR已计算出一个足够大的数据体，并为十试验确定东铁支线的平均数。

14.1.3.1Repeatability,r(Single Operator)-The two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r contact angle degrees for that treatment level.重复性，住宅（承租），这两个测试结果应该是判断不等价的，如果他们的联系比R角度，治疗水平更不同。

14.1.3.2Reproducibility,R(Multiaboratory)-The two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R contact angle degrees for that treatment level.重复性，住宅（Multiaboratory），这两个测试结果应该是判断不等价的，如果他们的联系比R角度，治疗水平更不同。

14.1.3.3Any judgment per 14.1.3.1and 14.1.3.2would have an approximate 95%(0.95)probability of being correct.14.1.3.1和14.1.3.2每任何裁决将有大约
95％（0.95）的是正确的概率。

14.2Bias-No statement can be made regarding the bias of this test method because the contact angle is defined in terms of the test method.偏置没有声明，可对本测试方法偏见，因为在接触角的测试方法来定义。

15.Keywords关键词
15.1contact angle;contact angle meter,corona treatment,goniometer,polymer films;surface treatment;water.接触角，接触角测量仪，电晕处理，测角仪，聚合物薄膜，表面处理;水。

APPENDIXES附属资料
(Nonmandatory Information)（非强制性信息）
X1.ADDUTIONAL INFORMATION
ADDUTIONAL信息
X1.1There exists a relationship between the contact angle between a polymer film and water and the surface energy of the film.It is also document that different materials, other measuring techniques,and different surface textures will produce variation in the relationship between contact angle and surface energy.However.these appendixes are presented to provide insight into one set of relationships found for a typical film treated at a large number of energy levels.之间存在着接触角之间的高分子膜，水和能源的薄膜表面的关系，这也是不同的文件材料，其他检测技术，并会产生不同的表面纹理，在接触角和表面能变化的关系。

然而，这些附录呈现给提供成一个对一系列能级收治了大量典型的电影找到关系集的洞察力。

X1.2When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by various surface tensions acting in the direction of the surfaces.and it follows that
当一滴液体落在了坚实的表面，接触的气体与两者，在接口的力量行事必须平衡。

这些部队可以表示多种表面在表面的指示行事的紧张局势，接下去就是
YGL cosθ=YGS-YSL (x1.1)
Where:
Θ=angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface.角的与固体表面接触边缘下降。

YGL=surface tension of the gas-liquid interface.表面张力的气液界面。

YGS=surface tension of the gas-liquid interface,and 表面张力的气液界面。

YSL=surface tension of the solid-liquid interface.表面张力的固液界面。

When the air is saturated with vapors of the liquid,YGL will be the surface tension of the liquid.当空气与液体的饱和蒸汽，YGL将液体的表面张力。

X1.3This appendix reports a unique condition in which films treated to different levels can be considered a homologous polymer series.For such a series,the relationship between the cosθof water droplets and wetting tension,Y c was found to be linear:5当空气与液体的饱和蒸汽，YGL将液体的表面张力。

本附录报告了得天独厚的条件，其中处理不同层次的电影可以被认为是同源的聚合物series.For这样一个系列，水滴之间的张力和润湿COSθ，此时的关系，统
统被认为是线性的：5
Y c=k1YGL-(1-cosθ )/k2
Where the parameters k1 and k2 are constants.其中参数为常数K1和K2。

X1.3.1 In this form,the relationship can be used to estimate the wetting tension of corona-treated surfaces from the water contact angle data.In this case. The value YGL is fixed at 72 mN/m for water.while the contact angle and its cosine will be changing depending on the surface energy of the substrate.
X1.3.2Since the wetting tension of a polymer film belongs to a group of physical parameters for which no standard of accuracy exists. a range of values for wetting tension corresponding to a given water contact angle value is used to correlate the contact angle data to the wetting tension. The values of k1 and k2 range from 0.75 to 0.9 for k1 and from 0.35 to 0.46 for k2 .A conversion chart is given in Appendix X1.3.1在这种形式下，这种关系可以用来估计电晕处理的表面润湿的水接触角在这种情况下数据的紧张局势。

YGL是固定的值72万/水米，而接触角和余弦将改变其对基材的表面能而定。

X1.3.2由于聚合物薄膜润湿张力,属于一种对于没有准确标准存在的物理参数组。

一个相应的润湿张力给定水的接触角值值的范围是用于关联数据的接触角润湿张力。

对K1的价值观和K2的范围从0.75到0.9 K1和从0.35到0.46为K2的。

一个转换表附录给出.。