非谓语动词语法总结

非谓语动词
1. to do
2.-ing 现在分词
3.done 过去分词
谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

它有人称、数、时态和语态(主动语态和被动语态)的变化。

e.g. He works.
He takes care of the baby.
He will go to Shanghai.
He didn’t go to Shanghai.
He has gone to Shanghai.
You are students.
You look smart.
非谓语：无人称（如你、我、他、她、它、他们），数(单数和复数)的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。

e.g. He works.
He wants to work here.
He is working now.
He has done his work.
什么时候使用非谓语动词？
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.
1.Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted
to see me at once.
2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.
3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。

)
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。

e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。

泛指
To visit China is my next goal. 具体的
2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。

常见于以下句型中：
It’s use/ good / fun…
It’s useful/ nice/ useless…
e.g It’s nice seeing you again.
1. ________ a language requires time and effort.
A. Learn
B. Learning
C. To learn
D. Being learned
2. It is not always easy ________ invitations.
A. to refuse
B. refusing
C. to be refused
D. being refused
3. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. to solve
B. to be solved
C. being solved
D. solving
4. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus.
A. cost, to get
B. takes, getting
C. takes, to get
D. takes, to get to
5. It is no good __________. You should give_________.
A. to smoke, it up
B. smoking, it up
C. smoking, up it
D. to smoke, up it
二、不定式与动名词做宾语：
1. 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
want ∕ would like to do sth. 想做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某
need to do sth. 需要做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
afford to do 能做某事
be used to do 被用来做
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事
make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事
used to do 过去常常做某事
fail to do 未能做某事
2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要完成练习
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做…
imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
介词+doing
常考介词:
at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
insist on doing 坚持做某事
be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事
be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
put off doing 推迟做某事
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
without doing sth. 没有做某事
think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样?
此to 非彼to
look forward to doing sth. （盼望）
pay attention to doing sth. （注意）
be used to doing sth. （习惯于）
prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）
devote to doing sth （致力于）
make a contribution to doing （做贡献）
特殊词精讲:
stop doing/to do
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事，
stop doing 停止正在做的某事。

Eg:
他们停下来吸烟。

They stop to smoke.
我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking
forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事，
forget doing 忘记做过某事。

Eg：
办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。

(没有做关灯的动作)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。

（已做过关灯的动作）
He forgot turning the light off.
remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
记着放学后去趟邮局。

Remember to go to the post office after school.
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
go on doing/to do
go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，
go on doing 继续做原来做的事。

Eg：
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.
try doing/ to do sth
try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事
Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .
try doing sth. 试着做某事
The machine couldn’t work. Let’s try repairing it.
1. Now more and more people are busy_____ about the Internet.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learning
D. learned
2.-It's too hot. Would you mind _____the door?
-______. Please do it.
A. to open; OK
B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course
D. to open; Good idea
3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep _____ until we make it.
A. failed
B. failing
C. tried
D. trying
4. -Are you enjoying _____in Ningbo?
-Yes, we are. Very much.
A. to live
B. living
C. lives
D. lived
5． We couldn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny story
A. to laugh
B. laughing
C. laughs
D. laughed
6. He gave us some advice on how ____ English.
A. learning
B. learned
C. to learn
D. learn
7. It’s a pay day, and they are waiting ____.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to be paid
8. I don’t know whether you happen, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A
this September.
A．to be heard B. to be hearing
C．to hear D. to have heard
9. I forgot _____ my name when I finished ____ the
composition.
A. to sign, to writing
B. to sign, writing
C. signing, writing
10. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
11 . She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean
B. cleaning
C. cleaned
D. being cleaned
12.Martin looks so well. We’ve never seen him ____ so well before.
A. is looked
B. is looking
C. to look
D. look
13.My father has decided ______ because smoking is bad for his health.
A. to stop to smoke
B. to stop smoking
C. stopping smoking
D. stop to smoke
14 It is kind ___ me to carry these books.
A. of you helping
B. for you to help
C. of you to help
D. for you helping
15. —Would you like ______ some bread or biscuits?
—No thanks. I don’t feel like anything now.
A. to have, eating
B. to have, to eat
C. having, to eat
D. having, eating
16. — Do you remember me, Tom?
— Ah, yes, I remembered _____ you in JUSCO last year.
A. see
B. sees
C. to see
D. seeing
三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。

e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.
2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。

e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。

但要注意二者的区别
e.g. The party was very exciting.
They were very excited at the news．
interesting 是令人感兴趣的，一般指物和人， interested是自己感兴趣的，指人。

He is interesting 他很令人感兴趣（也就是他令其他人感兴趣）
This thing is interesting这件事很令人感兴趣
He is interested 他自己很感兴趣（他自己对什么东西感兴趣）
1. Her wish is __________ an engineer.
A. becoming
B. become
C. to become
D. being come
2.Some people’s greatest pleasure is __________.
A. fishing
B. to fish
C. to be fishing
D. being fish
3. The report was so _______ that they were all __________.
A. inspiring, exciting
B. inspiring, excited
C. inspired, excited
D. inspired, exciting
4. ---“You look pale.”
---“I feel a little __________.”
A. tire
B. tired
C. tiring
D. tiresome
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。

e.g. The train to arrive is from London．
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。

a washing machine（动名词做定语，= a machine which is used for washing）洗衣机
a reading room （动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading）阅览室
3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。

过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。

单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。

the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳
the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the world which is changing）变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）
fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子
（过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）
1. She said she had a important meeting ______.
A. to attend in
B. to attend
C. attend
D. attending
2. He is always the first ______ questions.
A. to answer
B. answering
C. to be answered
D. being answered
3. The Olympic Games _______ in the year 2012 will be a great success.
A. being held
B. to be held
C. held
D. to hold
4. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
5. At present, English is the main subject ___________ here.
A. to be taught
B. being taught
C. teaching
D. to be teaching
6. ---"Who are those people with the banner?"
---"A group _______ itself the League for peace."
A. calling
B. calls
C. called
D. is called
7. The pen __________ belongs to me.
A. which it is on the table
B. lying on the table
C. is on the table
D. which on the table
8.The little boy was made _______ English for another hour--- Poor b oy!
A. read
B. reading
C. reads
D. to read
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。

1.接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：
请求与命令
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
2.有些感官动词和使役动词，如一感二听三让四看
feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch/notice等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。

have sb．／sth．do sth．前者指“使某人／物做某事（指一次性的具体的动作）”have sb．／sth．doing sth．后者指“使某人／物一直处于某种状态”，常接一段时间作状语。

两者都是宾语发出的主动动作。

；
have sth．done这一结构中的宾语与宾补动词是被动关系。

have sth． to do这一结构中的have意为“有”，即“有某事要做”。

We noticed him enter the house.
我们留意到他进了那所房子。

The boss made them work twelve hours a day.
老板让他们一天干12小时工作。

感官动词＋sb + do sth.在被动语态中不定式符号to不能省略．
Birds are seldom heard to sing at night.
1. My mother often asks me _____ some cleaning on Sundays
A do B. does C. did D. to do
2. –Do you often hear John _____in his room ?
– Listen! Now we can hear him ____ in his room .
A.sing , to sing
B. sing, sing
C. sing , singing
D. to sing , singing
3. I watched her ______ in the next room last night .
A.dancing
B. to dance
C. dances
D. dance
4.Let’s ______swimming after the exam .
A.go
B. goes
C. to go
D. went
5. You’d better _______a bus .
A.to catch
B. catch
C. catches
D. catching
6. The doctor advised Lao Li __________ more rest.
A. that he get
B. to get
C. would get
D. get
7. Soon they saw the boy _________ in the crowd.
A. disappear
B. to disappear
C. disappears
D. disappeared
2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况：
形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：
I find the book very interesting.
我发现这本书非常有趣。

（宾语补足语）
The boy is found very annoying.
发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。

（主语补足语）
动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动词的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。

I see him passing by a bank.
我看见他正经过一家银行。

（宾语补足语）
He was seen working in the garden.
有人看见他正在花园里干活。

（主语补足语）
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语
1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。

不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。

e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in.
看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。

不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，
在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。

e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himsel
f.
In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
不定式表结果，常用在too… to, enough… to结构中。

有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。

e.g. The child is old enough to dress himsel
f.
We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.
The husband left his wife, never to return.
有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。

e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth.
To cut a long story short, we disagree.
长话短说，我们不同意。

1. I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry __________.
A. for leaving
B. of leaving
C. to leave
D. left
2. I went to see him __________ him out.
A. finding
B. find
C. only to find
D. only found
2. 现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。

与后面主语是被动关系
现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。

现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。

e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.
作原因状语：
Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.
作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。

e.g. The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.
作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。

e.g. Following Tom, we started to climb. 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。

She came riding a brand-new bike.她骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。

现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。

e.g. Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings.
作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。

常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来
roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说
judging from/ by 由…判断
e.g. Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia.
1. __________ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms.
A. To hear
B. Hearing
C. Having heard
D. They hearing
2. __________ Hello, he reached out his hand.
A. Said
B. Saying
C. Talked about
D. Talking to
3. 过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。

与后面主语是被动关系
●过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。

Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
●作原因状语，常置于句首。

Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children.
●作条件状语：
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。

●作伴随或方式状语：The pop star hurried up to her
car, followed by her fans.
1. _________ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very
beautiful.
A. See
B. Saw
C. Seeing
D. Seen
2. ___________ the past, our life is much better.
A. Comparing with
B. Be compared with
C. To compare with
D. Compared with
there is/are+sb/sth+doing sth有某人/某物在做某事
would rather do sth.
would do sth. rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth.
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
would rather do sth. than do sth.
would rather sb. did sth.
prefer to do A. rather than do B. 比起B来，更愿意做A。